KR100451285B1 - 과산화수소수 및 산화칼슘용액을 이용한 질소산화물 및황산화물의 저감방법 - Google Patents
과산화수소수 및 산화칼슘용액을 이용한 질소산화물 및황산화물의 저감방법 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR100451285B1 KR100451285B1 KR10-2001-0042155A KR20010042155A KR100451285B1 KR 100451285 B1 KR100451285 B1 KR 100451285B1 KR 20010042155 A KR20010042155 A KR 20010042155A KR 100451285 B1 KR100451285 B1 KR 100451285B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen peroxide
- oxides
- nitrogen oxides
- solution
- sulfur
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 159
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 27
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 title description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 19
- QOSATHPSBFQAML-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen peroxide;hydrate Chemical compound O.OO QOSATHPSBFQAML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 9
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfur monoxide Inorganic materials O=S=S TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000002345 respiratory system Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isocyanic acid Chemical compound N=C=O OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous cyanic acid Natural products OC#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- LZDSILRDTDCIQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dinitrogen trioxide Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N=O LZDSILRDTDCIQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002990 reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002602 strong irritant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/60—Simultaneously removing sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1493—Selection of liquid materials for use as absorbents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
- B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (6)
- 삭제
- 삭제
- 삭제
- 삭제
- 삭제
- 질소산화물 및 황산화물을 함유하는 배기가스에 1) 350~550℃ 사이의 온도범위에서 17~25wt%의 과산화수소수 및 200~250℃ 사이의 온도범위에서 산화칼슘 : 물의 중량비가 10:90인 산화칼슘용액을 적용하는 단계; 및 2) 세정장치(scrubber)에서 물을 적용하여 질소산화물을 수용액으로 만들어 포집하고, 황산화물은 황산칼슘 고형물로 분리하는 단계로 이루어짐을 특징으로 하는 질소산화물 및 황산화물의 저감방법
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR10-2001-0042155A KR100451285B1 (ko) | 2001-07-12 | 2001-07-12 | 과산화수소수 및 산화칼슘용액을 이용한 질소산화물 및황산화물의 저감방법 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR10-2001-0042155A KR100451285B1 (ko) | 2001-07-12 | 2001-07-12 | 과산화수소수 및 산화칼슘용액을 이용한 질소산화물 및황산화물의 저감방법 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR20030006429A KR20030006429A (ko) | 2003-01-23 |
KR100451285B1 true KR100451285B1 (ko) | 2004-10-06 |
Family
ID=27714901
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR10-2001-0042155A Expired - Fee Related KR100451285B1 (ko) | 2001-07-12 | 2001-07-12 | 과산화수소수 및 산화칼슘용액을 이용한 질소산화물 및황산화물의 저감방법 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
KR (1) | KR100451285B1 (ko) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100701239B1 (ko) * | 2006-05-25 | 2007-03-29 | 환경플라즈마(주) | 배연가스 중의 황산화물 제거 방법 및 장치 |
CN106925097A (zh) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-07-07 | 陶汉中 | 一种基于液相氧化对烟气脱硫脱硝的组合塔及其工艺 |
US11110391B2 (en) | 2018-01-25 | 2021-09-07 | Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction Co., Ltd. | System for simultaneously removing nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx) from exhaust gas |
KR102164623B1 (ko) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-10-12 | 두산중공업 주식회사 | 배기가스의 질소산화물(NOx) 및 황산화물(SOx) 동시제거 장치 |
KR102264355B1 (ko) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-06-14 | (주)로우카본 | 벙커c유 탈황 시스템 |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4031195A (en) * | 1973-05-14 | 1977-06-21 | Georgia Tech Research Institute | Regenerative method removal of sulfur dioxide from stack gases |
JPS5333975A (en) * | 1976-09-09 | 1978-03-30 | Hitachi Zosen Corp | Lowering method for concentration of nitrogen monoxide in exhaust gas |
JPS53135878A (en) * | 1977-04-30 | 1978-11-27 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Wet denitrating or wet denitrating and desulurizing method |
JPS5437095A (en) * | 1977-08-29 | 1979-03-19 | Hitachi Ltd | Method of oxidizing no in exhaust gas |
JPS5662528A (en) * | 1979-10-29 | 1981-05-28 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Method for decreasing nitrogen oxide in combustion exaust gas |
JPS59127628A (ja) * | 1983-01-10 | 1984-07-23 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | ガスの精製方法 |
KR20020081940A (ko) * | 2001-04-20 | 2002-10-30 | 조규만 | 과산화수소, 알코올 또는 과산화수소수와 알코올의혼합물을 이용한 질소산화물 저감 및 처리 방법 |
-
2001
- 2001-07-12 KR KR10-2001-0042155A patent/KR100451285B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4031195A (en) * | 1973-05-14 | 1977-06-21 | Georgia Tech Research Institute | Regenerative method removal of sulfur dioxide from stack gases |
JPS5333975A (en) * | 1976-09-09 | 1978-03-30 | Hitachi Zosen Corp | Lowering method for concentration of nitrogen monoxide in exhaust gas |
JPS53135878A (en) * | 1977-04-30 | 1978-11-27 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Wet denitrating or wet denitrating and desulurizing method |
JPS5437095A (en) * | 1977-08-29 | 1979-03-19 | Hitachi Ltd | Method of oxidizing no in exhaust gas |
JPS5662528A (en) * | 1979-10-29 | 1981-05-28 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Method for decreasing nitrogen oxide in combustion exaust gas |
JPS59127628A (ja) * | 1983-01-10 | 1984-07-23 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | ガスの精製方法 |
KR20020081940A (ko) * | 2001-04-20 | 2002-10-30 | 조규만 | 과산화수소, 알코올 또는 과산화수소수와 알코올의혼합물을 이용한 질소산화물 저감 및 처리 방법 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20030006429A (ko) | 2003-01-23 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US4861567A (en) | Methods of reducing NOx and SOx emissions from combustion systems | |
CA2760777C (en) | Combustion flue gas nox treatment | |
US6676912B1 (en) | Method for removal of nitrogen oxides from stationary combustion sources | |
US5120516A (en) | Process for removing nox emissions from combustion effluents | |
WO2015039019A1 (en) | Treatment of nitrogen oxides in flue gas streams | |
Jakubiak et al. | Pilot-scale studies on NO x removal from flue gas via NO ozonation and absorption into NaOH solution | |
US4743436A (en) | Methods for preventing ammonium bisulfate formation during the noncatalytic reduction of nitric oxide | |
KR100451285B1 (ko) | 과산화수소수 및 산화칼슘용액을 이용한 질소산화물 및황산화물의 저감방법 | |
KR102099885B1 (ko) | 과산화수소의 열분해를 이용한 습식 스크러버 내 NOx와 SOx 제거장치 및 제거방법 | |
US5087431A (en) | Catalytic decomposition of cyanuric acid and use of product to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions | |
KR102310469B1 (ko) | Scr 촉매를 가진 세라믹 필터를 사용하여 연도 가스로부터 미립자 물질 및 유해 화합물을 제거하기 위한 방법 및 시스템 | |
JPH10132241A (ja) | 廃液または排ガスの処理方法 | |
RU2469949C2 (ru) | Способ очистки дымовых газов, содержащих оксиды азота | |
EP3875167A1 (en) | Improved nox removal method | |
JPH08192029A (ja) | 脱硝・脱硫方法及び装置 | |
CA2443911A1 (en) | Method for abatement of waste oxide gas emissions | |
KR101121912B1 (ko) | 배가스의 황산화물 처리장치 | |
KR102474635B1 (ko) | 배가스 중 황산화물 및 질소산화물 동시 저감을 위한 배가스 처리액 및 이를 이용한 배가스 처리방법 | |
KR101172125B1 (ko) | 질소산화물 제거 방법 | |
KR102359124B1 (ko) | Scr 촉매를 가진 패브릭 필터 백을 사용하여 연도 가스로부터 유해 화합물을 제거하기 위한 방법 및 시스템 | |
KR20180068353A (ko) | 연소 촉진제 | |
KR100289168B1 (ko) | 배연중의질소산화물저감방법 | |
KR100406510B1 (ko) | 산화촉매를 이용한 질소산화물 제거장치 및 그 제거방법 | |
EP3043890A1 (en) | Treatment of nitrogen oxides in flue gas streams | |
KR20020081940A (ko) | 과산화수소, 알코올 또는 과산화수소수와 알코올의혼합물을 이용한 질소산화물 저감 및 처리 방법 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A201 | Request for examination | ||
PA0109 | Patent application |
Patent event code: PA01091R01D Comment text: Patent Application Patent event date: 20010712 |
|
PA0201 | Request for examination | ||
PG1501 | Laying open of application | ||
E902 | Notification of reason for refusal | ||
PE0902 | Notice of grounds for rejection |
Comment text: Notification of reason for refusal Patent event date: 20040120 Patent event code: PE09021S01D |
|
E701 | Decision to grant or registration of patent right | ||
PE0701 | Decision of registration |
Patent event code: PE07011S01D Comment text: Decision to Grant Registration Patent event date: 20040809 |
|
GRNT | Written decision to grant | ||
PR0701 | Registration of establishment |
Comment text: Registration of Establishment Patent event date: 20040922 Patent event code: PR07011E01D |
|
PR1002 | Payment of registration fee |
Payment date: 20040923 End annual number: 3 Start annual number: 1 |
|
PG1601 | Publication of registration | ||
LAPS | Lapse due to unpaid annual fee | ||
PC1903 | Unpaid annual fee |