KR100443266B1 - Ultrasonic method and apparatus suppressing algal growth - Google Patents
Ultrasonic method and apparatus suppressing algal growth Download PDFInfo
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- KR100443266B1 KR100443266B1 KR10-2002-0034172A KR20020034172A KR100443266B1 KR 100443266 B1 KR100443266 B1 KR 100443266B1 KR 20020034172 A KR20020034172 A KR 20020034172A KR 100443266 B1 KR100443266 B1 KR 100443266B1
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- ultrasonic
- active oxygen
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000005791 algae growth Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 20
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000000527 sonication Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 5
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Substances [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 241000192700 Cyanobacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009036 growth inhibition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 108700012359 toxins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- -1 Iodine ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000192710 Microcystis aeruginosa Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- TUJKJAMUKRIRHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyl Chemical compound [OH] TUJKJAMUKRIRHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002525 ultrasonication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 2
- JLPUXFOGCDVKGO-TUAOUCFPSA-N (-)-geosmin Chemical compound C1CCC[C@]2(O)[C@@H](C)CCC[C@]21C JLPUXFOGCDVKGO-TUAOUCFPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001075 (4R,4aR,8aS)-4,8a-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydronaphthalen-4a-ol Substances 0.000 description 1
- SGNXVBOIDPPRJJ-PSASIEDQSA-N 1-[(1r,6r)-9-azabicyclo[4.2.1]non-4-en-5-yl]ethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CCC[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1N2 SGNXVBOIDPPRJJ-PSASIEDQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFYXNXGVLGKVCJ-FBIMIBRVSA-N 2-methylisoborneol Chemical compound C1C[C@@]2(C)[C@](C)(O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C LFYXNXGVLGKVCJ-FBIMIBRVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFYXNXGVLGKVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylisoborneol Natural products C1CC2(C)C(C)(O)CC1C2(C)C LFYXNXGVLGKVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000195628 Chlorophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- SRUWWOSWHXIIIA-UKPGNTDSSA-N Cyanoginosin Chemical compound N1C(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)C(=C)N(C)C(=O)CC[C@H](C(O)=O)N(C)C(=O)[C@@H](C)[C@@H]1\C=C\C(\C)=C\[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 SRUWWOSWHXIIIA-UKPGNTDSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXBQSRWSVIBXNC-HSKGSTCASA-N Nodularin Chemical compound C([C@H](OC)[C@@H](C)\C=C(/C)\C=C\[C@H]1[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(=O)N(C)C(=C\C)/C(=O)N[C@H]([C@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)N1)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 IXBQSRWSVIBXNC-HSKGSTCASA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXBQSRWSVIBXNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nodularin Natural products N1C(=O)C(CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)C(C)C(C(O)=O)NC(=O)C(=CC)N(C)C(=O)CCC(C(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C)C1C=CC(C)=CC(C)C(OC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 IXBQSRWSVIBXNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005422 algal bloom Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003948 anatoxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JLPUXFOGCDVKGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dl-geosmin Natural products C1CCCC2(O)C(C)CCCC21C JLPUXFOGCDVKGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dl-isoborneol Natural products C1CC2(C)C(O)CC1C2(C)C DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930001467 geosmin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002147 killing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010067094 microcystin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010065793 nodularin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/34—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with mechanical oscillations
- C02F1/36—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with mechanical oscillations ultrasonic vibrations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/727—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation using pure oxygen or oxygen rich gas
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B15/00—Cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water; Apparatus therefor
- E02B15/04—Devices for cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water from oil or like floating materials by separating or removing these materials
- E02B15/08—Devices for reducing the polluted area with or without additional devices for removing the material
- E02B15/0857—Buoyancy material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/009—Apparatus with independent power supply, e.g. solar cells, windpower or fuel cells
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
본 발명은 초음파를 이용한 조류의 생장 억제방법 및 그 장치에 관한 것으로서, 더욱 상세하게는 수심 1 내지 2 미터 사이에 부력장치를 이용하여 초음파 진동자를 띄우고, 상향으로 초음파를 조사하는데, 태양에너지를 이용하여 자체적으로 초음파 발생기에 동력을 제공함으로써 경제적인 운용을 가능하며, 활성산소 발생물질을 추가 주입함으로써 더욱 효율적인 제어가 가능한 조류 생장을 억제하는 방법 및 그 장치에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for inhibiting algae growth using ultrasonic waves, and more particularly, to float an ultrasonic vibrator using a buoyancy device between 1 to 2 meters of water, and to irradiate ultrasonic waves upward, using solar energy. The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for inhibiting algae growth that can be economically operated by providing power to an ultrasonic generator by itself, and by injecting additional active oxygen generating material for more efficient control.
Description
본 발명은 초음파를 이용한 조류의 생장 억제방법 및 그 장치에 관한 것으로서, 더욱 상세하게는 수심 1 내지 2 미터 사이에 부력장치를 이용하여 초음파 진동자를 띄우고, 상향으로 초음파를 조사하는데, 태양에너지를 이용하여 자체적으로 초음파 발생기에 동력을 제공함으로써 경제적인 운용을 가능하며, 활성산소 발생물질을 추가 주입함으로써 더욱 효율적인 제어가 가능한 조류 생장을 억제하는 방법 및 그 장치에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for inhibiting algae growth using ultrasonic waves, and more particularly, to float an ultrasonic vibrator using a buoyancy device between 1 to 2 meters of water, and to irradiate ultrasonic waves upward, using solar energy. The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for inhibiting algae growth that can be economically operated by providing power to an ultrasonic generator by itself, and by injecting additional active oxygen generating material for more efficient control.
부영양화(富營養化, eutrophication)란 수중의 영양염류 농도가 높아지는 현상을 나타낸다. 산업의 발달에 따라 발생하는 오폐수의 양이 증가하면서 호소의 부영양화는 급속히 진행되었으며 많은 문제를 일으키게 되었다. 우선 영양염류의 증가로 인해 조류의 생장이 촉진되어 여름철 녹조(綠潮, green tide) 또는 수화(水華, algal bloom)라고 불리는 현상이 발생하였다. 이런 현상이 문제가 되는 이유는, 주로 남조류(藍藻類, cyanobacteria) 종이 우점하면서 생태계가 단순해지고, 이들에 의해 독소(microcystin, anatoxin, nodularin 등)와 이취미를 나타내는 물질(geosmin, 2-methylisoborneol 등)이 생산되기 때문이다. 이에 따라 호수에서 취수한 물을 상수처리 하기가 어려워지며, 정수처리 비용이 증가하게 된다.Eutrophication refers to an increase in the concentration of nutrients in water. As the amount of waste water generated by the development of the industry increased, the eutrophication of the appeal proceeded rapidly and caused many problems. First, the growth of nutrients promoted algae growth, resulting in a phenomenon called summer green tide or hydration. The reason for this problem is that cyanobacteria predominantly predominate, and the ecosystem is simplified, and toxins (microcystin, anatoxin, nodularin, etc.) and taste-reducing substances (geosmin, 2-methylisoborneol, etc.) are caused by these species. ) Is produced. This makes it difficult to treat the water taken from the lake and increases the cost of water treatment.
이러한 부영양화와 수화 문제를 해결하기 위하여 많은 기술이 개발되었고, 대표적인 것들에는 심층폭기, 인위적 순환, 저니 준설, 살조제 투여, 인의 불활성화 등이 있다. 심층폭기는 가장 널리 쓰이는 방법으로 심층수의 혐기성화를 막아 저니로부터 인의 용출을 억제한다. 인위적 순환은 성층을 파괴하는 방법으로 심층폭기와 함께 동력비가 많이 든다는 단점이 있다. 저니 준설은 인의 함량이 높은 저니를 제거함으로써 장기간 영양염류의 농도를 낮게 유지시킬 수 있으나, 단시간 내에 효과를 보기가 힘들고 비용이 높다. 살조제나 인의 불활성화는 철, 알루미늄 또는 구리염 등을 이용하여 조류와 인을 침전시키는 방법으로 단기적 효과는 우수하나 2차 오염의 문제가 있다.Many technologies have been developed to solve the problems of eutrophication and hydration, and representative ones include deep aeration, artificial circulation, jogging dredging, algae administration, and phosphorus inactivation. In-depth aeration is the most widely used method to prevent the anaerobicization of deep water to inhibit the elution of phosphorus from the jersey Artificial circulation is a method of destroying stratospheric and has a drawback of high energy cost with deep aeration. Journey dredging can keep low concentrations of nutrients for long periods of time by removing the high concentration of phosphorus, but it is difficult and costly to be effective in a short time. Inactivation of algae and phosphorus is a method of precipitating algae and phosphorus using iron, aluminum or copper salts, but the short-term effect is excellent, but there is a problem of secondary pollution.
국내에서 많이 쓰이는 기술에는 수중 폭기, 차광막 설치, 황토살포 등이 있다. 그러나, 수중 폭기는 운용 비용이 높고, 저니로부터 영양염류가 용출되는 단점이 있으며, 차광막은 적용 범위가 극히 제한적이고 설치비용이 많이 든다. 황토살포는 부유성이 있는 녹조에는 효과가 적으며, 조류 제거선도 사용되기는 하나 적용 범위가 협소하고 운용 비용이 과다하다는 단점이 있다. 이외에도 전기분해에 의한 조류 제거방법(국내 출원번호 제 1998-35437호), 다공성 세라믹 분체를 이용한 제거방법(국내 출원번호 제 1998-27993호), 전기부상을 이용한 방법(국내 출원번호 제 1999-52523호) 등이 출원되어 있는 상태이나, 아직 실효성이 검증되지는 않았다.Popular technologies in Korea include underwater aeration, shading, and ocher spraying. However, underwater aeration has a disadvantage of high operating cost, nutrients are eluted from the Journey, and the light shielding film is extremely limited in scope and expensive to install. Ocher spray is less effective for floating green algae, and algae removal vessels are also used, but have a narrow application range and excessive operating costs. Besides, algae removal method by electrolysis (Domestic Application No. 1998-35437), removal method using porous ceramic powder (Domestic Application No. 1998-27993), method using electric flotation (Domestic Application No. 1999-52523 Has been filed, but its effectiveness has not been verified.
이에, 본 발명자들은 기존 기술이 가지고 있던 주요 문제점인 2차 오염의 우려와 경제성의 문제를 동시에 해결하기 위하여 연구한 결과, 대부분의 조류가 서식하는 표층수(수심 1 내지 2 m 사이)에 초음파를 발생시켜 조류의 생장을 효율적으로 억제시키고, 태양에너지를 이용하여 동력비를 줄임으로써 경제적으로 조류를 제어함으로써 본 발명을 완성하게 되었다.Therefore, the present inventors have studied to solve the concern of secondary pollution and economic problems, which are the main problems of the existing technology, and as a result, ultrasonic waves are generated in the surface water (between 1 and 2 m depth) of most algae. The present invention has been completed by economically controlling algae by efficiently suppressing algae growth and reducing power costs by using solar energy.
따라서, 본 발명은 초음파를 이용하여 조류의 생장을 억제하는 방법 및 그 장치를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다.Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for inhibiting algae growth using ultrasonic waves.
또한, 초음파 조사 직전에 활성산소를 주입함으로써 초음파의 효과를 배가시키고자 한다.In addition, it is intended to double the effect of the ultrasonic wave by injecting active oxygen immediately before the ultrasonic irradiation.
도 1은 초음파 처리에 따른 마이크로시스티스 애루기노사(Microcystis aeruginosa)의 생장 저해를 나타낸 그래프이다.1 is a graph showing growth inhibition of Microcystis aeruginosa by ultrasonic treatment.
도 2는 초음파 처리시간에 따른 자유 라디칼의 생성도를 나타낸 그래프이다.2 is a graph showing the generation of free radicals according to the ultrasonic treatment time.
도 3은 과산화수소 주입 농도별 자유 라디칼의 생성도를 나타낸 그래프이다.3 is a graph showing the generation of free radicals according to hydrogen peroxide injection concentration.
도 4는 본 발명에 따른 초음파 처리 장치의 단면도를 나타낸 것이다.Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the ultrasonic processing apparatus according to the present invention.
도 5는 초음파 처리 장치의 현장적용 개념도이다.5 is a conceptual view of the application of the ultrasonic processing apparatus.
[도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명][Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawings]
1: 집광판 2: 축전지 3: 제어기(controller)1: light collecting plate 2: storage battery 3: controller
4: 활성산소 저장기 5: 초음파 발생기 6: 펌프4: free radical storage 5: ultrasonic generator 6: pump
7: 초음파 진동자 전력공급 전선 8: 초음파 진동자7: ultrasonic vibrator power supply wire 8: ultrasonic vibrator
본 발명은 태양에너지를 이용하여 초음파를 발생시키기 위한 전력을 공급하고, 초음파 진동자를 수심 1 내지 2 m 사이에 부력을 이용하여 띄워 상향으로 초음파를 조사하여 조류의 생장을 억제하는 방법 및 장치를 그 특징으로 한다.The present invention provides a method and apparatus for supplying electric power for generating ultrasonic waves using solar energy, and suppressing the growth of algae by irradiating ultrasonic waves upward by floating the ultrasonic vibrator using a buoyancy force between 1 to 2 m depth. It features.
또한, 초음파 조사 직전에 활성산소를 추가 주입하는 방법 및 장치를 포함한다.Also included are methods and apparatus for further injecting free radicals immediately prior to ultrasound irradiation.
이와 같은 본 발명을 더욱 상세히 설명하면 다음과 같다.Referring to the present invention in more detail as follows.
본 발명은 수심 1 내지 2 미터 사이에 부력장치를 이용하여 초음파 진동자를 띄우고, 상향으로 초음파를 조사하는데, 태양에너지를 이용하여 자체적으로 초음파 발생기에 동력을 제공함으로써 경제적인 운용이 가능하며, 활성산소 발생물질을 첨가함으로써 더욱 효율적인 제어가 가능한 조류의 생장을 억제하는 방법 및 장치에 관한 것이다.The present invention floats the ultrasonic vibrator using a buoyancy device between 1 to 2 meters depth, and irradiates the ultrasonic wave upwards, economical operation is possible by providing power to the ultrasonic generator by itself using solar energy, active oxygen The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for inhibiting the growth of algae that can be controlled more efficiently by adding a generating material.
하루 1시간 내지 2시간 정도를 초음파 처리하며 초음파 처리시에는 활성산소를 동시에 공급한다. 초음파 처리시간 및 처리시기는 생장을 억제하고자 하는미세조류의 종류에 따라 바뀔 수 있다. 활성산소로 과산화수소를 처리할 때에는 초음파 처리장치 주변 약 10 m3의 부피에 최종농도가 최소 1 μM 이상이 되도록 주입하며, 초음파 처리시간 동안 계속해서 나올 정도의 속도로 공급하여 위의 농도가 되도록 조절한다.Ultrasonication is performed for about 1 hour to 2 hours a day, and active oxygen is supplied at the same time during the ultrasonication. The sonication time and the timing of treatment may vary depending on the type of microalgae to suppress growth. When treating hydrogen peroxide with active oxygen, the final concentration is injected into the volume of about 10 m 3 around the ultrasonic treatment device so that the final concentration is at least 1 μM. do.
도면에 나타낸 바와 같이, 집광판(1), 축전지(2), 제어기(3), 활성산소 저장기(4), 초음파 발생기(5), 펌프(6), 초음파 진동자(8) 등으로 구성된 조류 억제 장치로서, 낮 동안 태양에너지를 전기에너지로 변환하여 축전지에 저장한다. 저장된 전기에너지를 이용하여 제어기를 통해 가장 효과적인 시간대에 초음파를 발생시키고, 제어기는 또한 펌프를 조절하여 활성산소를 원하는 속도로 공급해 준다. 초음파는 수심 1 내지 2 m 사이에 위치한 초음파 진동자(8)를 통하여 상향으로 조사되며, 활성산소는 펌프를 통해 하향으로 주입된다. 이 초음파 장치 주위에는 부력을 주기 위하여 속이 빈 원통의 플라스틱 용기를 부착한다.As shown in the figure, algae suppression consists of a light collecting plate 1, a storage battery 2, a controller 3, an active oxygen storage device 4, an ultrasonic generator 5, a pump 6, an ultrasonic vibrator 8 and the like. As a device, solar energy is converted into electrical energy during the day and stored in a battery. Using the stored electrical energy, the controller generates ultrasonic waves at the most effective time, and the controller also regulates the pump to supply free radicals at the desired rate. Ultrasound is irradiated upward through the ultrasonic vibrator 8 located between 1 to 2 m depth, and active oxygen is injected downward through the pump. A hollow cylindrical plastic container is attached around the ultrasonic device to give buoyancy.
이때, 초음파 조사 조건은 15 내지 100 kHz의 주파수, 0.1 내지 2 kW의 출력, 1 내지 2 시간에 걸쳐 하루에 1 내지 3회 처리를 하는 것이 바람직하다. 상기의 조사조건보다 약하거나 시간이 적을 경우에는 생장억제 효과가 감소하며, 상기 조건보다 강하거나 시간이 길어지면, 동력비의 증가, 다른 생물체의 손상 등 문제점들이 있을 수 있다. 또한, 물로부터 공기 중으로 방출되는 초음파의 양은 극히 미량으로 무시할 만하므로, 상부로의 초음파 조사를 통해 심층 방향으로의 낭비를 줄이고, 효과적인 처리가 가능하다.At this time, it is preferable that the ultrasonic irradiation conditions are performed 1 to 3 times a day over a frequency of 15 to 100 kHz, an output of 0.1 to 2 kW, and 1 to 2 hours. In case of weaker or less time than the above irradiation conditions, the growth inhibition effect is reduced. If the conditions are stronger or longer than the above conditions, there may be problems such as an increase in power costs and damage to other organisms. In addition, since the amount of ultrasonic waves emitted from the water into the air is extremely negligible, it is possible to reduce the waste in the deep direction through the ultrasonic irradiation to the top, and to effectively process.
초음파 발생시에는 자유 라디칼(free radical)이 생성되는데, 초음파 처리시간을 길게 할수록 자유 라디칼의 생성이 증가됨을 확인하였고, 생체 내에서 자유 라디칼은 활성산소 형태로 세포에 손상을 입히는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에, 초음파 발생기(5)와 함께 장착된 활성산소 저장기(4)를 통해 활성산소 발생물질을 초음파 조사와 동시에 주입함으로써 초음파에 의한 조류의 생장 억제 효과가 배가되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이때 활성산소 발생물질로는 과산화수소가 바람직하며, 상기 활성산소 발생물질은 최종농도 최소 1 μM 이상 100 μM 이하로 하는 것이 좋다. 이때, 상기 범위를 벗어나면 효과가 너무 적거나, 다른 생물체에 악영향을 줄 수 있으며, 재료비의 증가 등 문제점이 있다.When generating ultrasonic waves, free radicals are generated. As the ultrasonic treatment time increases, the production of free radicals increases, and free radicals are known to cause damage to cells in the form of free radicals in vivo. Accordingly, it was found that the effect of inhibiting the growth of algae by ultrasonic waves was doubled by injecting the active oxygen generating material at the same time as the ultrasonic irradiation through the active oxygen storage unit 4 equipped with the ultrasonic generator 5. In this case, as the active oxygen generating material, hydrogen peroxide is preferable, and the active oxygen generating material is preferably set to a final concentration of at least 1 μM or more and 100 μM or less. At this time, if the outside the range is too small, or may adversely affect other organisms, there is a problem such as an increase in the material cost.
이와 같이 초음파를 이용한 조류의 생장 억제방법 및 장치는 태양에너지를 이용하여 외부로부터의 전기 공급 없이 자체적으로 초음파 발생기에 동력을 제공함으로써 경제적인 운용을 가능하고, 2차 오염의 우려가 없을 뿐만 아니라 대량으로 발생하는 조류의 수화(algal bloom)를 사전에 미리 제어할 수 있다. 특히, 활성산소 발생물질을 추가 주입함으로써 더욱 효율적으로 제어할 수 있다. 또한, 적당한 초음파의 처리는 조류의 사멸에까지 이르게 하지는 않으므로 독소나 이취미 물질의 방출을 일으키지 않는다.As such, the method and apparatus for suppressing growth of algae using ultrasonic waves can be economically operated by providing power to the ultrasonic generator without supplying electricity from the outside using solar energy, and there is no fear of secondary pollution, Algal bloom of algae generated in advance can be controlled in advance. In particular, it is possible to control more efficiently by further injecting active oxygen generating material. In addition, proper ultrasonic treatment does not lead to the killing of algae and thus does not cause the release of toxins or taste substances.
이하, 본 발명은 다음 실시예에 의거하여 더욱 상세히 설명하겠는바, 본 발명이 이에 한정되는 것은 아니다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on the following examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
실시예 1: 조류 생장 억제 관찰Example 1 Observation of Bird Growth Inhibition
태양에너지를 집광판(1)에 의해 저장하여 초음파 발생장치의 전력으로 이용하면서 초음파 진동자(8)를 수심 2 미터에 부력장치를 이용하여 초음파 진동자를 띄워 초음파 20 kHz, 600 W의 조건으로 펄스 형태로 하루에 2 번씩 2분간 조사하였다. 그 결과, 도 1과 같이 국내 호소에서 가장 빈번하게 우점하는 남조류 마이크로시스티스 애루기노사(Microcystis aeruginosa)의 생장이 억제되는 것을 관찰하였다. 이것은 매우 적은 시간의 처리로도 남조류의 생장을 효과적으로 억제할 수 있다는 것을 보여주고 있으며, 경제성이 높은 방법임을 시사하고 있다. 또한, 초음파 처리한 남조류의 세포 농도가 감소하지 않고 일정하게 유지되는 것으로 보아 남조류의 세포 파괴는 거의 일어나지 않았으며, 실제로 초음파 전후의 세포 농도를 측정한 결과에서도 뚜렷한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 남조류의 세포가 파괴되었을 때에는 남조류 독소나 이취미 물질의 방출이 문제가 될 수 있는데, 위의 조건으로 초음파를 처리할 경우에는 이러한 문제가 발생하지 않았다.The solar energy is stored by the light collecting plate 1 and used as the power of the ultrasonic generator, and the ultrasonic vibrator 8 is floated at a depth of 2 meters using a buoyancy device to float the ultrasonic vibrator in the form of pulses under the condition of ultrasonic 20 kHz and 600 W. The survey was conducted twice a day for 2 minutes. As a result, it was observed that the growth of blue-green algae micro seutiseu during her labor rugi (Microcystis aeruginosa), which most frequently dominant in domestic appeal as shown in Fig suppressed. This shows that very little time treatment can effectively suppress the growth of cyanobacteria, suggesting that it is a high economic method. In addition, since the cell concentration of the sonicated algae remained constant and did not decrease, cell destruction of the algae hardly occurred, and in fact, the cell concentrations before and after the ultrasonic wave did not show any significant difference. When the cells of the algae are destroyed, the release of the algae toxins or taste substances may be a problem. When the ultrasonic treatment is performed under the above conditions, the problem does not occur.
실시예 2: 자유 라디칼 생성 확인Example 2: Confirm Free Radical Generation
초음파 발생시에는 자유 라디칼(free radical)이 생성되는데, 상기 초음파 처리 조건에서도 자유 라디칼이 생성되는 것을 0.2 M KI(potassium iodide) 용액을 이용하여 알 수 있는데, 요오드 이온(I-)은 하이드록실 라디칼(hydroxyl radical, ·OH)과 반응하여 요오드 분자(I2)가 생성되면서 350 nm의 파장에서 흡광도를 나타내었다. 실시예 1과 동일한 조건(20 kHz, 600 W)에서 0.2 M KI 용액에 0, 1, 2, 5 분간 초음파 처리를 하였으며, 초음파 처리 후 흡광도의 증가를 스펙트로포토미터(spectrophotometer)[Shimadzu UV-160A]로 측정하였다. 초음파의 처리시간을 길게 할수록 자유 라디칼의 생성이 증가하였다[도 2]. 자유 라디칼의 생성은 활성산소 형태로 세포에 손상을 입혀 조류의 생장을 억제시킨다.When generating ultrasonic waves, free radicals are generated, and free radicals are generated under the sonication conditions by using 0.2 M KI (potassium iodide) solution. Iodine ions (I − ) are hydroxyl radicals ( Reaction with hydroxyl radical (OH) produced iodine molecule (I 2 ) and showed absorbance at 350 nm. In the same conditions as in Example 1 (20 kHz, 600 W), 0.2 M KI solution was sonicated for 0, 1, 2, 5 minutes, and the increase in absorbance after sonication was measured using a spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-160A). ]. As the treatment time of the ultrasonic wave was increased, the generation of free radicals increased [FIG. 2]. The production of free radicals damages cells in the form of free radicals, inhibiting the growth of algae.
실시예 3: 활성산소 발생물질 첨가시 조류 생장 억제 관찰Example 3: Observation of algal growth inhibition upon addition of active oxygen generating material
초음파 처리조건은 위의 실시예와 동일하게 하고, 과산화수소의 최종 농도를 1, 10, 100 및 1000 μM로 변화시키면서 자유 라디칼 생성을 측정하였다. 도 3에서 빗금친 부분은 초음파 처리한 구간을 의미하며, 초음파 처리 직전에 활성산소 저장기(4)를 통해 과산화수소를 각 농도만큼 주입하였다. 과산화수소의 농도가 증가할수록 자유 라디칼의 양도 증가하였으나, 100 μM 이상에서는 더 이상의 뚜렷한 증가를 관찰할 수 없었다. 초음파 처리 없이 과산화수소만을 1 μM 첨가했을 때는 생성되는 자유 라디칼이 거의 없었으나, 10 μM 이상의 과산화수소 농도에서는 첨가만으로도 자유 라디칼이 생성되는 것을 관찰하였다.The sonication conditions were the same as in the above example, and the free radical generation was measured while changing the final concentration of hydrogen peroxide to 1, 10, 100 and 1000 μM. In FIG. 3, the hatched portion means a section subjected to sonication, and hydrogen peroxide was injected by each concentration through the active oxygen reservoir 4 immediately before the sonication. As the concentration of hydrogen peroxide increased, the amount of free radicals increased, but no more significant increase was observed above 100 μM. When only 1 μM of hydrogen peroxide was added without sonication, almost no free radicals were generated. However, at only 10 μM or more of hydrogen peroxide, the addition of free radicals was observed.
이상에서 설명한 바와 같이, 본 발명에 따른 초음파를 이용한 조류 억제방법 및 장치는 2차 오염의 우려가 없고 경제적으로 저렴하며, 활성산소 발생물질을 동시에 처리함으로써 초음파의 효과를 극대화시킬 수 있다.As described above, the algae suppression method and apparatus using ultrasonic waves according to the present invention are economically inexpensive without fear of secondary contamination, and can simultaneously maximize the effect of ultrasonic waves by treating active oxygen-generating materials.
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