KR100397883B1 - Electrochemical cell - Google Patents

Abstract

An electrochemical cell for treating water and / or an aqueous solution according to the present invention comprises an internal electrode having a central portion and a pin end portion having a diameter of 0.75 or less of the diameter of the central portion and provided at each end of the central portion, and the internal electrode. And an external electrode mounted around the electrode, and a coaxial ceramic diaphragm mounted in a separate space between the internal electrode and the external electrode in the electrode chamber of the battery. The external electrode is provided in the upper and lower dielectric bushings. Both of these internal and external electrodes are connected to the positive and negative poles of the power supply. In addition, the battery further includes upper and lower dielectric collector heads each having an axial channel, and each of the upper and lower dielectric collector heads is rotatably installed in a slot of the bushing. The diaphragm is fastened by an elastic gasket provided in the bushing slot. The diameter of the center of the inner electrode is limited to the following formula,

Where D is the diameter of the central portion of the internal electrode (mm)

M is the distance in mm between the inner and outer electrodes.

The length of the center portion of the inner electrode is shorter than the length of the outer electrode (2M) or longer than the length of the outer electrode (2M or more).

Description

Electrochemical cell

In the field of electrochemistry, differently designed electrolyzers are used for the preparation of water and / or aqueous solutions or different products. For example, an electrolytic cell having a flat electrode pressurized against a diaphragm (see our own patent 882 944 (1979)) or an electrolytic cell having a coaxial cylindrical electrode and a ceramic diaphragm arranged between these electrodes [ Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1-104 387 (1989).

However, modular electrolysers have advanced considerably because they can be combined with the required number of modules to provide the desired production efficiency. This makes it possible to reduce the design and manufacturing cost of the electrolyzer according to the given capacity, to standardize the parts and to reduce the assembly and disassembly time of the electrolyzer.

As a result of the design by the above-described techniques, the best device uses an electrochemical cell with a coaxial cylindrical rod electrode and a coaxial ultrafiltration ceramic diaphragm made of a material based on zirconium, aluminum and yttrium oxide. Water treatment apparatus carried out on a modular principle (see US Pat. No. 5,427,667).

The rod electrode is made of a photo type having a plurality of regions and the diameter of the pin-end is about 0.75 of the diameter of the intermediate region. This makes it possible to improve the hydraulic mode. In addition, the diameters of the electrodes and diaphragms can be specified by formulas that define changes between them.

In the phototype, the rod, cylindrical electrode and diaphragm are secured in a specific dielectric bushing with channels for treated water exiting or entering the rod electrode chamber. Channels are provided on the side of the cylindrical electrode and on the upper and lower parts of the electrode to supply and discharge treated water from the chamber of the cylindrical electrode. Water is treated while passing the cell chamber from the bottom to the top.

A device with a given manufacturing capacity is assembled with a plurality of cells using a specific collector, which is manufactured as a monolithic detail or a specific separating block for one cell and provided with a joining and sealing tool. The order of connecting the electrodes to the poles of the power supply depends on the application.

The phototype treats water or aqueous solutions with low energy consumption. The phototype is very simple to use, simmer and disassemble.

However, the phototype has disadvantages. Certain collectors increase the size of the device, increase the water pressure, and also require the use of large capacity pumps. The collector also requires many sealing and mating parts. The phototype does not work effectively under different polarities of electrodes due to its structural properties. Thus, when the rod electrode acts as an anode, the coating wears rapidly in the transition region from the middle region to the pin-end (the surface region does not include small holes). All regions other than the transition region are cylindrical electrode portions and portions (intensive variation regions) that are strongly affected by high electric fields. It is not possible to control the gas filling of the solution treated in the phototype. In addition, the photo-type device is very complicated to manufacture because it requires strict coaxiality in all detail parts and diaphragms. The fixing system for the rod electrode is difficult to manufacture due to the deep annular ring on the inner side of the bushing channel and the sealing of the annular ring.

It is an object of the present invention to simplify the design of the electrochemical cell and to make it possible to place the required number of cells in a small space. Another object of the present invention is to simplify the fixing system for the battery element, while at the same time reducing the influence of the curved magnetic field in the space between the electrodes to increase the life of the battery and improve the reliability of the battery. Still another object of the present invention is to improve the function of the battery by enabling control over the gas-filling effect of the electrolyte during the electrochemical process.

An object of the present invention is to coaxial ceramic diaphragms for separating an electrochemical cell for treating water and / or an aqueous solution into an internal electrode in a variable region (the diameter of the end is 0.75 or less in the middle region diameter), an external electrode, and an internal electrode space in the electrode. Achievable when manufactured from rectangular cylindrical coaxial parts, such as (made of a material based on zirconium oxide, including aluminum and yttrium oxide). The electrode should be made of a material that does not dissolve during electrolysis. The external electrodes are installed in the upper and lower dielectric bushings. Slots are provided on the distal ends of the upper and lower bushings, and the cell includes upper and lower dielectric collecting heads with axial channels. The head is also rotatably mounted in a slot of the bushing. The diaphragm is fastened by an elastic gasket placed in the bushing slot. The middle region diameter of the inner electrode is defined by the following formula.

Where D is the diameter of the middle region of the internal electrode, in mm

M is the distance between the electrodes in units of mm.

Depending on the efficiency and polarity of the electrode, the length of the middle region diameter of the inner electrode is shorter by 2M than the length of the outer electrode, or longer than 2M longer than the length of the outer electrode. The preferred distance between the electrodes is 2.8 to 3.3 mm. The inner electrode is fastened to the inside of the head by an elastic gasket lying in the axial head channel. The use of the channels in the upper and lower heads and the upper and lower bushings is for supplying or withdrawing treated water and / or solution into or out of the chamber inside and outside the electrode. The channel extends to the side surface to provide an outlet. The length of the external electrode can be changed in the range of 50 to 240mm as needed.

The electrode material may be selected from existing resources depending on the design conditions and requirements of the device. If it is not necessary to change the polarity of the electrode, a titanium electrode coated with titanium oxide and ruthenium oxide or a titanium electrode coated with precious metal or manganese oxide or tin oxide or cobalt oxide may be used as the anode. Pyrographite, polished titanium or tantalum or zirconium or other coatings coated with glass carbon may be used as the negative electrode. If it is necessary to change the polarity of the electrode, a titanium electrode coated with platinum or platinum-iridium can be used. As the material of the electrode, it is also possible to use materials combining different materials described above or other materials known in the electrochemical industry.

The diaphragm of the electrochemical cell is made of a ceramic composed of zirconium, aluminum and yttrium oxide and may contain additives such as niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, gadolinium oxide, hafnium oxide and other materials. Depending on the application, the diaphragm may be formed as ultrafiltration, microfiltration, or nanofiltration. The shape of the diaphragm can be changed. The diagram is a conical truncated cone having a cone ratio of 1: (100 to 1000), having a wall thickness of 0.4 to 0.8 mm along the length of the cone, with the large base facing downward or the large base facing upward. It can be installed in the battery.

The outer (or inner) surface of the diaphragm may be manufactured as a cylindrical shape, and the remaining inner (or outer) surface may be manufactured as a conical truncated cone having a cone ratio of 1: (100 to 1000). In such a case, the wall thickness of one contact end is 0.4 to 0.5 and the wall thickness of the other contact end is 0.7 to 0.8. The diaphragm is installed in the cell such that the contact end with the thickest wall faces downward or upward.

The outer and inner surfaces of the diaphragm may be manufactured as a conical truncated cone having a cone ratio of 1: 100 to 1000. The top of the cones is also located at the opposite end of the diaphragm and the wall thickness of the one contact end is 0.4 to 0.5 mm and the thickness of the other contact end is 0.7 to 0.8 mm. The diaphragm is installed in the cell so that the contact end with the thickest wall faces downward or upward.

The inner and outer surfaces of the diaphragm can be manufactured as a cylinder having a wall thickness of 0.4 to 0.7 mm. The deviation of the diaphragm from the geometric calibration plane must be within 0.05 mm at any position on the surface. The inner electrode may be manufactured in a closed or empty form. The internal electrode is made of one or more materials and includes several subassemblies that can be joined by different methods (depending on the material), such as laser beam welding, vacuum welding, mechanical bonding, and the like. Screws are formed on the pin-ends of the internal electrodes to control the head by adjusting washers and nuts.

Depending on the order in which the electrodes are connected to the power supply poles, electrodes having different internal diameters may be used. For example, when the external electrode is connected to the negative pole of the power supply and the internal electrode is connected to the positive pole of the power supply, the length of the middle region of the inner electrode exceeds the length of the outer electrode by more than 2M and the inner electrode is connected to the outer electrode. It is installed in the cell symmetrically. When the outer electrode is connected to the anode of the power supply and the inner electrode is connected to the cathode of the power supply, the length of the middle region of the inner electrode is less than or equal to 2M in the length of the outer electrode, and the inner electrode is It is installed in the battery symmetrically to the external electrode.

To provide accurate coaxiality of the electrodes in the cell, different variables can be used to engage the internal electrodes in the axial head channel depending on the dimensions of the electrodes.

If the length of the inner electrode exceeds the length of the outer electrode by a sufficient length, the axial head channel comprises a variable region and the middle region of the inner electrode having a large diameter is arranged so that the head on which the elastic gasket is placed is slotted together with the axial channel. To form a joint. If the middle region of the inner electrode forms a slot joint with an axial channel having upper and lower heads, the elastic gasket lies inside the groove of the middle region of the inner electrode. If the inner electrode is fixed at the pin-end, the axial head channel is made equal to the diameter of the pin-end of the inner electrode; The elastic gasket is positioned in a groove on the pin-end of the inner electrode or on an axial head channel having a diameter equal to the diameter of the inner electrode pin-end and having an extension at the contact end; An elastic gasket is placed in the extension. In addition, the cell has a clamped dielectric bushing placed in this extension.

These improvements will provide excellent batteries with more advanced features. Using coaxial electrodes and diaphragms and installing the electrodes in the dielectric bushings and heads allows for an optimal hydraulic regime and simplifies cell assembly. There is no need to drill a hole in the inner cylindrical electrode, which results in a more simplified manufacture. Since the head can be rotated and the outlet position can be defined, multiple cells are assembled together compactly in one device.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the field of chemistry, in particular in the treatment of water and / or aqueous solutions, in the electrochemical preparation of different products by electrolysis of aqueous solutions, acid-alkali properties, redox potential (ORP) and water and And / or electrochemical cells that can be used for electrochemical control of the catalytic activity of aqueous solutions.

1 shows a cross section of an electrochemical cell of the invention.

2 shows a first embodiment of a structure for fixing an internal electrode in a collecting head of an electrochemical cell of the invention.

3 shows a second embodiment of a structure for fixing an internal electrode in a collecting head.

4 shows a third embodiment of a structure for fixing an internal electrode in a collecting head.

5 shows a fourth embodiment of a structure for fixing an internal electrode in a collecting head.

6 shows a schematic diagram of a first diaphragm used in the electrochemical cell of the present invention.

7 shows a schematic diagram of a second diaphragm used in the electrochemical cell of the present invention.

8 shows a schematic diagram of a third diaphragm used in the electrochemical cell of the present invention.

9 shows a schematic diagram of a fourth diaphragm used in the electrochemical cell of the present invention.

10 shows a schematic diagram of a fifth diaphragm used in the electrochemical cell of the present invention.

11 shows a schematic diagram of a sixth diaphragm used in the electrochemical cell of the present invention.

12 shows a schematic diagram of a seventh diaphragm used in the electrochemical cell of the present invention.

Fig. 13 shows a schematic diagram of an eighth diaphragm used in the electrochemical cell of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawings

1: outer cylindrical electrode 2: inner electrode

3: ceramic diaphragm 4: (bottom) dielectric bushing

5: dielectric bushing (upper) 6: lower dielectric collecting head

7: upper dielectric collecting head 8, 9: gasket

10, 11: elastic gasket 12, 13: washer

14, 15: nut 16: washer

17: hollow cylinder 18: solid body pin-end

Referring to FIG. 1, the electrochemical cell of the present invention consists of a coaxial outer cylindrical electrode 1, an inner electrode 2, and a ceramic diaphragm 3 positioned between the cylindrical outer electrode and the inner electrode. The outer electrode 1 is very hermetically fixed between the lower dielectric bushing 4 and the upper dielectric bushing 5, which bushes 4 and 5 respectively treat the treated water / or aqueous solution to the outer electrode 1. A channel for feeding into and withdrawing from the chamber of the chamber. This channel reaches up to the sides of the bushings 4, 5 and has a pipe connection. The lower dielectric collecting head 6 and the upper dielectric collecting head 7 have channels for supplying treated water / or aqueous solution into the chamber of the inner electrode 2 and withdrawing from the chamber. The dielectric collecting heads 6, 7 are connected to the dielectric bushings 4, 5 by slot joints. The channels of the heads 6, 7 also reach the sides of the heads 6, 7, respectively, and have pipe connections. The dielectric collecting heads 6 and 7 also have axial channels. The pin-ends of the inner electrode 2 enter this axial channel. The diaphragm 3 is sealed in the dielectric collecting head 6, 7 by gaskets 8, 9 located in the slot joints between the bushings 4, 5 and the heads 6, 7, respectively. The inner electrode 2 is sealed by the elastic gaskets 10 and 11. A screw is formed on the pin-end of the internal electrode 2 to which the washers 12, 13 and the nuts 14, 15 are fixed. After positioning of the heads 6, 7, the bushings 4, 5 and the washers 12, 13 of the heads 6, 7 and the nuts 14, 15 with respect to the contact ends of the external electrodes 1. Assembling and sealing the battery is achieved by bolting.

The position and format of the elastic gaskets 10 and 11 depend on the structure of the internal electrode 2. If the axial channel of the head 7 and the intermediate region of the inner electrode 2 form a slot joint (see FIG. 2), the interior of this slot joint, ie the seal 11, is the inner electrode 2 and the axial channel. The seal 17 is provided at the point where each diameter of the is changed. In this case, the seal is uniformly loaded, which reduces the risk of the seal deforming. The seal 10 is similarly installed in the head 6.

When the axial channel of the head 7 and the intermediate region of the inner electrode 2 form a slot joint at a position connecting the respective diameters, a seal 11 (see FIG. 3) is provided on the upper portion of the electrode 2. Grooves are formed. The inner electrode 2 is a combination of the hollow cylinder 17 and the solid pin-end 18 as shown in FIG. 3.

If the diameter of the axial channel of the head 7 is equal to the diameter of the pin-end 18 of the inner electrode 2, a groove for the seal 11 is formed on the end (see Fig. 4); Alternatively, an axial channel may be formed wider at the contact end to position the seal 11 and to add a washer 16 (FIG. 5) (see FIG. 5).

Various regions are formed in the internal electrode. The pin-end diameter of the electrode is about 0.75 times the diameter of the middle region of the electrode. This ratio provides optimal hydrodynamic properties and can hold the electrodes on the head in a variety of ways with the elastic gasket being set up. The inner electrode consists of a solid cylinder or a hollow cylinder with a solid pin-end to provide the desired shape of the electrode. The method of joining the parts can vary depending on the application material. Either mechanical coupling or other type of coupling such as vacuum welding or laser beam welding can achieve durability and reliability. Hollow electrodes can be used to reduce the weight of the device and to save material, as well as to change the conditions that form the surface charge of the electrodes, allowing the operation to be carried out with current electrochemical methods. In addition to this, the internal electrode acts as a joint detail, as it is provided with threads on the pin-ends of the washers and nut settings that not only join the cell and provide a weld seal, but also hold the head in a given working position. to be.

Diaphragms are made of a ceramic material based on zirconium oxide, including aluminum oxide and yttrium oxide, which have high corrosion resistance to acids, alkalis, and corrosive gases, and have a long life and easy regeneration. Other additives allow to adjust the characteristics of the diaphragm surface and these other additives have a direct impact on the electrochemical process, which is important especially when the electrochemical cell is used to obtain any particular product. Diaphragms can be made of other materials for ultrafiltration, microfiltration or ultra-precision filtration, depending on the problem to be solved.

The shape of the diaphragm, as well as how the diaphragm is installed, affects the working conditions of the cell compared to the treated water flow. The diaphragm can take many different forms.

As shown in Figs. 6 and 7, the diaphragm 3 may be a truncated cone having a cone ratio of 1: 100 to 1000, the wall thickness being between 0.4 mm and 0.8 mm for the entire length and It may be installed in the battery such that the large base faces downward (FIG. 6) or the large base faces upward (FIG. 7).

As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the outer surface of the diaphragm 3 may be provided in a cylindrical shape and the inner surface of the diaphragm may have a conical ratio 1: (100) of the lower large base (FIG. 8) or the upper large base (FIG. 9). -1000) as a conical truncated cone. Alternatively, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the inner surface of the diaphragm 3 may be provided in a cylindrical shape and the inner surface of the diaphragm may have a cone ratio 1 of the lower large base (FIG. 10) or the upper large base (FIG. 11). May be provided as a conical truncated cone with (100-1000). The wall thickness of the contact end is 0.4 mm, the thickness of the other contact end is 0.7 mm to 0.8 mm, and the diaphragm is installed in the cell such that the thicker wall of the contact end faces downward or upward.

As shown in Figs. 12 and 13, the outer and inner surfaces of the diaphragm 3 can also be made of truncated cones with a cone ratio of 1: 100 (1000-1000). Alternatively, the top of the cone can be located at the opposite end and the wall thickness of one contact end can be 0.4 mm-0.5 mm and the other 0.7 mm-0.8 mm. The diaphragm is installed in the cell such that the contact end faces the thicker wall downwards (FIG. 12) or upwards (FIG. 13). Using a diaphragm with a lower cone rate does not produce different results compared to a cylindrical diaphragm. When using diaphragms with higher cone rates as well as increased wall thickness, it is necessary to increase the cross-electrode distance, which can change the size of the cell and increase power consumption for the electrochemical process. The use of lower wall thicknesses than those mentioned above increases the brittleness of diaphragms and reduces their lifetime, making the cells more difficult to assemble and disassemble. It is possible to control the electrochemical process by using diaphragms with variable profiles. For example, the diaphragm is installed in the cell in such a way that the cross section of the chamber is increased from the bottom to the top of the cell for the process of excessive release of gas. Optionally, the diaphragm is installed in the cell in such a way that the cross section of the chamber is reduced from bottom to top to increase gas filling at the top of the cell and reduce the strength of the electrochemical treatment of the solution in the last form of the cell. The gas discharge volumes in both chambers differ during processing using a diaphragm that provides a variable profile for only one chamber (one surface is conical and the other surface is cylindrical). In addition, such diaphragms (as well as diaphragms whose outer and inner surfaces are the tops of the cone truncated cones and the tops of the cones are directed in the opposite direction) can be used to treat solutions of different quality and capacity in the electrode chamber of the cell.

The inner and outer surfaces of the diaphragm can be made into a cylinder with a wall thickness of 0.4 mm-0.7 mm. This type of diaphragm is very effective for treating highly diluted solutions. Deviation from the geometrically corrected surface of the diaphragm should not be greater than 0.05 mm at any position. Otherwise, the conditions for creating a double electrical layer on the surface of the diaphragm are changed and the influence of the double electrical layer on the resistor of the diaphragm is also altered, resulting in poor quality of solution treatment due to uneven operation along the surface.

The diaphragm is fixed by an elastic gasket disposed in the bushing groove to facilitate assembly coaxially.

In essence, the limitation of the diameter of the middle region of the inner electrode is influenced by the following correlation.

Where D = diameter of the middle region of the internal electrode (mm),

Internal electrode distance should be 2.8mm-3.3mm. When reducing this distance, capillary action diminishes the effect of electrochemical treatment. When increasing this distance, power consumption is also increased and it is impossible to achieve mass and energy exchange self-organization processes.

In addition, it is important that the length of the middle region of the inner electrode be shorter by 2M than the length of the outer electrode or longer by 2M or longer than the length of the outer electrode. The length of the external electrode may vary from 50 mm to 240 mm, providing optimum gas filling of the processing liquid at any cell operating conditions.

The cross correlation of the inner and outer electrode sizes is determined by the polarity of the electrodes. If the outer electrode is in contact with the cathode of the power supply and the inner electrode is connected with the anode of the power supply, the length of the intermediate region of the inner electrode exceeds the length of the outer electrode of 2M or more. If the outer electrode is connected to the anode of the power supply and the inner electrode is connected to the cathode of the power supply, the middle region length of the inner electrode is less than or equal to 2M than the outer electrode. In any case the inner electrode is mounted in the cell symmetrically to the outer electrode. Such a design prevents wear of the coating of the electrode instead of high intensity electric field (concentration of the field on the pin-end or instead of changing shape). Accurate internal electrode fastening is important for the effective operation of the cell. The fastening of the internal electrodes in the head by elastic gaskets located in the axial head channel provides precise coaxiality with a relatively simple assembly. The design of the cell may differ from the requirement for electrode coaxiality. For example, if the length of the middle region of the inner electrode exceeds the length of the outer electrode, the inner electrode should be made long enough to form a slot joint with the axial head channel. The elastic gasket is located in the slot joint. The axial channel of the head has a variable area. This provides coaxiality and prevents deformation of the elastic gasket. Optionally, the middle region of the inner electrode forms a slot joint with the axial channels of the upper and lower heads, after which an elastic gasket is located in the groove on the middle region of the inner electrode. This design makes assembly easier. If the fastening of the inner electrode in the head is provided by the packing of the pin-end (if the middle region is smaller than the length of the outer electrode or the middle region is longer but does not reach the position of the head), the diameter of the axial channel is the inner electrode pin. Equal to the diameter of the end, the elastic gasket is located in a groove made on the surface of the inner electrode pin-end in the axial channel. Optionally, the diameter of the axial head channel is equal to the diameter of the pin-end of the inner electrode and the axial channel is widened at the end of the head allowing the elastic gasket and the additional clamp dielectric bushing.

Water is treated while flowing from bottom to top through the cell chamber. Treated water and / or solution flows individually through the electrode chamber of the cell.

The invention will be illustrated by the following examples which leave the possibility according to the invention.

Unless stated otherwise, ultrafiltration ceramic diaphragms (composition: zirconium oxide-60% mass percent, aluminum oxide-27% mass percent, yttrium oxide-3% mass percent) are used in all examples.

Example 1

Battery for disinfection of water. The external electrode is connected to the cathode of the power supply and made of polished titanium. The internal electrode is made of titanium coated with manganese oxide and is connected to the anode of the power supply. The length of the external electrode is 80 mm. The distance between the electrodes is 2.9 mm. The diameter of the middle region of the inner electrode is 9.0 mm and the length of the middle region is 86 mm. The diaphragm is a cylinder with a wall thickness of 0.5 mm along its entire length. The mineralization amount of the water to be treated is 0.5 g / l. The amount of microorganisms in the water to be treated is 10 ⁵ colonies in 1 ml. The amount of mineralization of water remains the same after treatment, but the microorganisms are removed.

Conclusions: It is reasonable to use batteries with dimensions close to the minimum (as specified in the formula) for water disinfection by portable devices in the field.

Example 2

A cell for preparing a disinfectant. The external electrode is connected to the cathode of the power supply and is made of glass carbon. The internal electrode is made of titanium coated with ruthenium oxide and is connected to the anode of the power supply. The length of the external electrode is 240 mm. The length of the middle region of the inner electrode is 250 mm. The diameter of the middle region is 10 mm. The distance between the electrodes is 3 mm. The diaphragm is cylindrical with a wall thickness of 0.6 mm.

The solution treated is sodium chloride with a concentration of 2 g / l. The flow rate of the solution to be treated was 30 l / hr through the anode chamber and 5 l / hr through the cathode chamber. As a result, two solutions with the following parameters were obtained.

Anode chamber output (anode): pH = 6.0, ORP = +800 mv

Cathode chamber output (catholyte): pH = 8.6, ORP = -600 mV

Power consumption is 0.95 kilowatt hours / cubic meter.

Example 3

The method for obtaining the disinfectant by the cell was treated under the same conditions as in Example 2, but the diaphragm was a conical truncated cone with a cone rate of 1.500 and had a wall thickness of 0.7 mm constant along the entire length of the diaphragm. The diaphragm was installed with the large base facing upwards. After the treatment, an anolyte solution of pH = 5.5, ORP = + 900 mV and a catholyte solution of pH = 8.0, ORP = −550 mV were obtained.

When the diaphragm was installed with a large base facing downward, an anolyte at pH = 6.3, ORP = +650 mV and a catholyte at pH = 9.1, ORP = -730 mV were obtained.

Example 4

The method for obtaining the cleaning solution and disinfectant by the cell was treated under the same conditions as in Example 2, but the outer surface of the diaphragm was cylindrical and the inner surface of the diaphragm had a wall thickness of 0.5 mm of upper contact end and 0.8 mm of lower contact end. It is a cone. The width of the cathode chamber is constant throughout the cell, but the anode chamber widens at the top. The processing result is as follows. The pH of the anolyte is 5.6, the ORP is +900 mV, the pH of the catholyte is 8.7 and the ORP is -780 mV.

Example 5

A battery for obtaining chlorine (a mixture of chlorine and oxygen dominant oxidant) by electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride solution. The outer electrode is made of titanium coated with ruthenium oxide and is connected to the anode of the power supply. The inner electrode (cathode) is made of titanium and coated with pyrographite. The length of the external electrode is 240 mm. The length of the middle region of the inner electrode is 230 mm. The diameter of the middle region is 11 mm. The distance between the inner and outer electrodes is 3.1 mm. The diaphragm consists of a cylindrical part with a wall thickness of about 0.6 mm. A sodium chloride aqueous solution having a concentration of about 300 g / l flows into the positive electrode of the battery and is treated. Water having a mineralization amount of about 0.5 g / l flows into the cathode and is treated. These water and aqueous solutions are treated while flowing from the bottom to the top of the cell chamber. As a result, 10 liters of gas are provided. These gases contain 70% chlorine, 20% chloride dioxide, and 3% surplus (mixture). The conversion rate of chlorine through the cell is about 30%.

The output of the cathode chamber is hydroxide at pH 13 or so. Such a solution can be used for the production of galvanic cells and the like. These examples demonstrate that the cell according to the invention can be effectively used for the production of chlorides.

The present invention simplifies the shape of the cell, makes it possible to place any required amount of cells together in a small space, not only simplifies the fastening system for the parts of the cell, but also provides a high degree of reliability, By eliminating the influence of the curved electric field in the spaces between the cells, the battery life is extended and the cell's function is extended to control the filling of the electrolyte during the electrochemical treatment. In addition, the battery of the present invention can be effectively used for purifying and disinfecting water, providing a solution having predetermined characteristics, and producing a product by electrolyte of an aqueous solution.

Claims (18)

As an electrochemical cell for treatment of water and an aqueous solution, or any of these, 1) an internal electrode of a cylindrical vertically variable region having an intermediate region and pin-ends formed at both ends thereof, wherein a straight line of the pin-end is 0.75 or less of the diameter of the intermediate region; 2) a cylindrical vertical outer electrode mounted around the inner electrode, and 3) a coaxial ceramic diaphragm, mounted in a separate internal electrode space within the electrode chamber of the cell, made of a base composition of a mixture of zirconium, aluminum, and yttrium oxide, The inner and outer electrodes are made of a material that does not dissolve during electrolysis, The external electrodes are provided in upper and lower dielectric bushings, the upper and lower bushings having slots on respective contact ends, Both the inner and outer electrodes are connected to the anode and the cathode of the power source, The battery further comprises upper and lower dielectric collector heads each having an axial channel, each of the upper and lower dielectric collector heads rotatably installed in slots of the upper and lower bushings, respectively, The diaphragm is fastened by an elastic gasket installed in the bushing slot, The diameter of the middle region of the inner electrode is defined by the following formula, Where D is the diameter of the middle region of the internal electrode in mm M is the distance (mm) between the inner and outer electrodes, The length of the middle region of the inner electrode is shorter by 2M than the length of the outer electrode or longer by 2M or longer than the length of the outer electrode, The inner electrode is fastened to the inside of the head by an elastic gasket provided in the axial head channel, And a channel for supplying the treated water and the treated solution or one of the upper and lower heads and the upper and lower bushings to and from the chambers of the inner and outer electrodes. The electrochemical cell of claim 1, wherein the external electrode has a length of 50 to 240 mm and a distance between the internal and external electrodes is about 2.8 mm to 3.3 mm. 3. An electrochemical cell according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bushing and the head channel extend to the side and are provided with pipe connections. 3. The diaphragm of claim 1 or 2, wherein the diaphragm consists essentially of a ceramic having additives of niobium, tantalum, titanium, gadolinium, and hafnium oxide in a base composition selected from the group consisting essentially of zirconium, aluminum, and yttrium oxide. Electrochemical cell. 3. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 or 2, wherein said diaphragm comprises ultrafiltration, microfiltration, or ultrafiltration. 3. The diaphragm according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the diaphragm is a conical truncated cone having a cone ratio of 1: (100 to 1000), and has a wall thickness of 0.4 mm to 0.8 mm along the hook of the cone, and has a large base. An electrochemical cell installed in a cell such that the battery faces downward or upward. 3. A wall according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the outer surface of the diaphragm is cylindrical and the inner surface is configured as a truncated cone with a cone ratio of 1: (100 to 1000). An electrochemical cell having a thickness of 0.4 mm to 0.5 mm, and a wall thickness of the second contact end being 0.7 mm to 0.8 mm, wherein the diaphragm is installed in the cell such that the contact end having a thick wall faces downward or upward. 3. The diaphragm according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the outer surface and the inner surface of the diaphragm are each composed of conical truncated cones having a cone ratio of 1: (100 to 1000), and the upper portions of the cones are located at opposite ends. The wall thickness of the one contact end is 0.4 mm to 0.5 mm, the wall thickness of the second contact end is 0.7 mm to 0.8 mm, and the diaphragm is installed in the battery such that the contact end having a thick wall faces downward or upward. Chemical cell. The electrochemical cell according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the inner and outer surfaces of the diaphragm are cylindrical having a wall thickness of 0.4 mm to 0.7 mm. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 or 2, wherein the deviation from the geometrically corrected surface is 0.05 mm or less at any position along the length of the diaphragm. 3. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 or 2, wherein said internal electrode is solid or hollow inside. 3. An electrochemical cell according to claim 1 or 2, wherein there is a screw on the pin-end of the internal electrode, and pressure washers and nuts are used for fixing. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the outer electrode is connected to the cathode of the power supply, the inner electrode is connected to the anode of the power supply, and the inner electrode has a large diameter, the length of its intermediate region being the distance between the electrodes. And at least twice the length of the outer electrode, wherein the inner electrode is installed in the cell symmetrically with the outer electrode. 3. An external electrode according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the external electrode is connected to the anode of the power supply, the inner electrode is connected to the cathode of the power supply, and the inner electrode has a large diameter, the length of its intermediate region being the length of the outer electrode. An electrochemical cell configured to be equal to or smaller than twice the distance between electrodes, wherein the inner electrode is installed in the cell symmetrically with the outer electrode. 3. The axial head channel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the axial head channel has a variable region, the middle region of the inner electrode forms a slot joint with the axial head channel, and the elastic gasket is installed in the slot joint. Electrochemical cell. 3. The axial head channel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the axial head channel has a variable region, the middle region of the inner electrode forms a slot joint with the axial head channel, and the middle region of the inner electrode is the axial direction. When the head channel and the slot joint are formed, the surface of the inner electrode has grooves in the lower and upper portions of the middle region having a large diameter, wherein the elastic gasket is installed in the groove. The diameter of the axial head channel is the same as the diameter of the inner electrode pin-end portion, the groove is formed on the surface of the inner electrode pin-end portion, the elastic gasket is An electrochemical cell installed in the groove. The diameter of the axial head channel is the same as the diameter of the inner electrode pin-end, the axial head channel extends more at the contact end of the head, and the elastic gasket is the same. An electrochemical cell installed in the extension, the cell having a dielectric bushing securely fixed to these extensions.