KR100292684B1 - Phase comparison direction detect apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a phase comparison detection apparatus, and in particular, to circularly arrange a plurality of antennas at equal intervals to reduce the detection angle, and to resolve the ambiguity of azimuth measurement due to the generation of the same phase at predetermined intervals using an amplitude comparison technique. There is a purpose. The present invention for this purpose is a phase that quantizes the phase difference between a plurality of antennas 501 to 508 for receiving an incident signal in a space in an isometric circle, and adjacent high frequency signals among the plurality of antennas 501 to 508. Phase center compensator 711 adjusts the phase value of each sector and frequency to '0' at the beam intersection point of the sector to facilitate the calculation of the output of the discriminator, and resolves the ambiguity of the measurement orientation due to the incident of multiple wavelengths. In order to input the amplitude orientation signal, the amplitude orientation calculator 712 outputs an amplitude orientation signal, the amplitude orientation in the amplitude orientation calculator 712, and the phase value in the phase center compensator 711. Section discriminating unit 713 for indicating the generated section, the phase value from the phase center compensator 711 and the section discriminating signal from the section discriminating unit 713 as input. It is composed of the phase bearing compensator 714 for compensating the phase orientation using a frequency.

Description

Phase Comparison Investigation Device {PHASE COMPARISON DIRECTION DETECT APPARATUS}

The present invention relates to a direction detection technique, and more particularly, to a phase comparison detection apparatus.

In general, the method used in the direction detection apparatus is based on the amplitude comparison method for instantaneous azimuth measurement with low detection accuracy but high signal capture rate, and the phase comparison method for precision orientation measurement with low signal capture rate but high detection accuracy. To achieve.

Although the amplitude comparison method is more economical and simple structure than the observation device using only the phase comparison method, the multi-basin phase comparison method is used when the precision direction is required.

1 is a block diagram of a typical single baseline phase comparison detection apparatus, and includes a tuning signal generator 120 for generating a tuning signal by measuring a frequency received by an omnidirectional antenna 110-3, and an antenna. Each high frequency signal received by (110-1) (110-2) ) ( ) And the tuning signal from the tuning signal generator 120 Middle frequency corresponding to ) ( Mixers 130 and 140 to generate the respective, and the intermediate frequency (1) in the mixer (130, 140) ) ( A phase difference discrimination unit 150 for obtaining a phase difference of the?) And an azimuth data output unit 160 for outputting azimuth data corresponding to the phase difference in the phase difference discrimination unit 150.

The orientation data output unit 160 includes a look-up table.

Such a general phase comparison observation device is widely used for the purpose of precision orientation measurement, and its operation is as follows.

High frequency signals received from two antennas 110-1 and 110-2 ) ( ) Is a tuning signal generated by measuring the frequency input to the RF input terminal of each mixer (130, 140) and the tuning signal generator 120 received by the omnidirectional antenna (110-3) ) Is input to the LO (Local Oscillator) terminal of the mixers 130 and 140 for frequency tuning.

At this time, the mixer (130, 140) is a received signal ( ) ( ) And sync signal ( Middle frequency corresponding to the frequency difference between ) ( To generate the respective intermediate frequency signals ( ) ( ) Is amplified by the limit and input to the phase difference discriminator 150.

Accordingly, the phase difference discriminating unit 150 is composed of two intermediate frequency signals ( ) ( The two video signals expressed by the cos and sin functions are output according to the phase difference between the two signals, and the phase difference is determined by the ratio between the two video signals.

Therefore, the azimuth data output unit 160 processes the phase difference information in the phase difference discriminator 150 together with the frequency information (wavelength information) to output the azimuth data.

The orientation data output unit 160 reads the orientation data corresponding to the phase difference information from the lookup table and outputs the orientation data.

On the other hand, when the above process is described by the formula as follows.

First, the path difference of the signal received by the two antennas 110-1 and 110-2 from the space is' L ', and the incident angle is' Assuming that the path difference L is expressed as in Equation 1 below.

Two signals ( ) ( ), That is, the difference in electrical length ) Is expressed as in Equation (2) below.

----------- Formula (1)

----------- Formula (2)

At this time, the signals induced in the two antennas (110-1) (110-2) ( ) ( In consideration of the signal strength component and the phase difference component due to the gain of the antenna can be expressed as Equation (3) (4) below.

------ Formula (3)

------ Formula (4)

Therefore, the phase difference measured by the phase difference discriminator 150 eventually Value, the wavelength obtained from the frequency information ( ) And the distance difference D between the antennas 110-1 and 110-2, the desired azimuth angle ( ) Can be obtained.

However, in the Sungle Baseline phase comparison detection method, the detection angle is increased by increasing the distance difference (D). If The same phase occurs every time, causing ambiguity

The phase accuracy for azimuth changes is increased, thus improving the accuracy of detection.

In order to solve this ambiguity, several antennas having various length differences depending on the detection angle and the frequency of the design band are provided. This is called a multi-baseline phase comparison method.

2 is a block diagram showing a general multi-baseline phase comparison observation apparatus.

Center and distance of the reference antenna 201 , , Antennas 202 to 204, and three 4-bit phase discriminators 205-207 to quantize the phase difference between the antennas 201 and 202-204.

The 4-bit phase discriminator 205 is a high frequency signal from the antennas 201 and 202. ) ( To quantize the phase difference between ) And the 4-bit phase discriminator 206 is a high frequency signal from the antenna 201 (203). ) ( To quantize the phase difference between The 4-bit phase discriminator 207 outputs a high frequency signal at the antenna 201,204. ) ( To quantize the phase difference between ) To print.

2 is a detection angle This is to explain the multi-baseline phase comparison detection method.

The separation distance between the center of the reference antenna 201 and the center of the antenna (202 to 204) , , ) Is set differently according to operating frequency band and configuration method.

In general, the multi-baseline phase comparison method is classified into a harmonic (binary relationship) and a nonharmonic configuration.

Fig. 3A is an exemplary view showing the output waveforms of the phase discriminators 205 to 207 when the apparatus of Fig. 2 is constructed by applying the Harmonic method.

This is the minimum separation distance between antennas 201 and 202 ) Is the distance (unambiguous) within the detection angle at the maximum frequency of the operating frequency band. ) As a basic distance and the separation distance between the antennas 201 and 203 ( ) Twice the separation distance between antennas 201 and 204 ) This is a method of increasing the accuracy of detection by doubling the value of.

Therefore, the separation distance ( ), Four ambiguities occur within the detection angle and four times the correct orientation is detected.

FIG. 3 (b) is an exemplary view showing the output waveforms of the phase discriminators 205 to 207 when the apparatus of FIG. 2 is constructed by applying the Nonharmonic method.

This is the reverse distance between antennas 201 and 202 ) Is the default distance ( 2 times ), And the separation distance between antennas 201 and 203 ) Is three times the base distance ( ), The separation distance between antennas 201 and 204 ( 5 times the basic distance ) To increase the accuracy of the exploration by separating the distance in units of prime numbers.

Therefore, the separation distance ( ), Five ambiguities occur and the default distance ( Detect bearing with 5 times accuracy

Meanwhile, the operating frequency band is 2.0 to 6.0 GHz, and the detection angle is Assuming that is a comparison between the separation distance, resolution and phase shift for the Harmonic and Nonharmonic method is shown in the table of FIG.

That is, as shown in the table of FIG. 4, when the same number of antennas are used, the nonharmonic method can improve the detection accuracy more than the harmonic method and can also use the operating frequency bandwidth widely.

Therefore, the current trend is to favor the Nonharmonic method because it provides a wider operating bandwidth and the lighting is relatively easy to secure the separation distance between antenna centers at high band frequencies.

When the ambiguity is solved in the same manner as in FIG. 3, the Harmonic method can be solved simply by the detection angle. In the case of the Nonharmonic method, it is more complicated by solving with the truth table or lookup table and logic about the separation distance.

However, the conventional technique should consider the size, weight, cost, and operating frequency band of the device when improving the detection accuracy by increasing the separation distance between the antenna centers by adding an antenna, and failing to resolve the ambiguity. Generation), the magnitude of the error is very large, there is a problem that the accuracy of the detection is unreliable.

Accordingly, the present invention is to solve the ambiguity of the orientation measurement due to the occurrence of the same phase at a predetermined interval by circular arrangement of a plurality of antennas at equal intervals to reduce the detection angle in order to improve the conventional problem. It is an object of the present invention to provide a phase comparison observation apparatus.

1 is a block diagram showing a conventional single baseband phase comparison detection device.

Figure 2 is a block diagram showing a conventional multi-baseband phase comparison detection device.

3 is an exemplary view showing an output waveform of a phase discriminator according to the configuration in FIG.

4 is a table showing a comparison result according to the configuration method in FIG.

5 is a schematic structural arrangement of antennas for an embodiment of the present invention.

6 is an exemplary view showing an output waveform of a phase discriminator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

7 is a block diagram of an apparatus showing an embodiment of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawings

501 to 508: probe antenna 711: phase center compensator

712: amplitude direction calculation unit 713: interval discrimination unit

714: phase orientation compensation unit

The present invention calculates a plurality of phase discriminators for quantizing the phase difference of a high frequency signal in an adjacent antenna among a plurality of probe antennas, and the output of the phase discriminator within the detection angle of the plurality of phase discriminators. A phase center compensator for adjusting sector and frequency phase values to '0' at the beam intersection point of the sector so as to facilitate this, and an amplitude orientation signal outputting an amplitude orientation signal to solve the ambiguity of the measurement orientation due to the incident of multiple wavelengths. A section discriminating section for indicating a section in which ambiguity has occurred by using a sector and an operating frequency as inputs of an arithmetic section, an amplitude orientation in the amplitude orientation calculating section and a phase value in the phase center compensating section, and Phase by using a sector and a frequency as a phase value and a section discrimination indication signal in the section discriminating unit Characterized in that it comprises a phase orientation compensation unit for compensating the orientation.

The plurality of probe antennas 4 to 8, in the RF / Microwave band So that you can measure all directions , or Spaced at equal intervals of the is characterized in that the installation so as to have a conformal circular array structure.

The distance between the center of the probe antenna is installed so as to be spaced apart by two or more wavelengths in consideration of the accuracy of the size and amplitude comparison of the antenna at the highest frequency of the operating frequency band.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

4 is a structural diagram in which antennas are conformally arranged for an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a device showing an embodiment of the present invention.

That is, the single baseline phase comparison observation device according to the embodiment of the present invention has a plurality of antennas 501 to 508 that receive an incident signal in space by conformal arrangement in a circle, and adjacent ones of the plurality of antennas 501 to 508. A phase center compensator 711 for adjusting sector and frequency phase values to '0' at beam intersections of the sectors so as to easily calculate the output of the phase discriminator for quantizing the phase difference of the high frequency signal in the antenna; An amplitude orientation calculation unit 712 for outputting an amplitude orientation signal in order to solve the ambiguity of the measurement orientation according to the incident of the wavelength, the amplitude orientation in the amplitude orientation calculation unit 712, and the phase in the phase center compensator 711. A section discriminating unit 713 which indicates a section in which ambiguity has occurred using a sector and a frequency as input, a phase value of the phase center compensating unit 711 and the section discriminating unit 713 A phase discrimination compensation signal 714 is configured as a phase orientation compensator 714 for compensating for phase orientation by using a sector and a frequency as an input signal.

Referring to the operation and effect of the embodiment of the present invention configured as described above are as follows.

First, the plurality of phase discriminators quantizes a phase difference of a high frequency signal in an adjacent antenna among the plurality of antennas 501 to 508.

At this time, the phase center compensator 711 makes it easier to calculate the output of the phase discriminator within the detection angle at the maximum frequency of the operating frequency bands of two adjacent antennas among the plurality of antennas 501 to 508. Adjust the phase value by sector and operating frequency to '0'.

In addition, when a plurality of wavelengths are incident, the amplitude orientation calculating unit 712 calculates the amplitude orientation to solve the ambiguity caused by the generation of the same phase value every predetermined distance.

At this time, the section discriminating unit 713 determines the section in which ambiguity has occurred by referring to the sector and the operating frequency by inputting the phase value in the phase center compensator 711 and the amplitude orientation in the amplitude direction calculating unit 712. Is transmitted to the phase orientation compensator 714.

Accordingly, the phase orientation compensator 714 compensates the phase by referring to the sector and the operating frequency by inputting the phase value in the phase center compensator 711 and the interval discrimination indicator in the section discriminator 713, and compensating for the phase. By outputting the phase orientation data, the precision orientation measurement can be performed.

On the other hand, in the present invention 4 to 8 probe antennas for omnidirectional measurements , or Spaced at equal intervals to form a conformal circular array structure.

The separation distance between the centers of the antennas is spaced apart by two or more wavelengths in consideration of the accuracy of the size comparison and amplitude detection of the antenna at the highest frequency of the operating frequency band.

In addition, two or four sectors of the antenna may be separately installed in consideration of platform installation ease and environmental adaptability. In order to accurately measure the separated relative phase difference, an additional number of shared antennas is needed.

For example, the eight probe antennas 501 to 508 are shown in FIG. 5 to use a single baseline phase comparison probe technique. It is a structure arranged circularly at equal intervals.

That is, the eight probe antennas 501 to 508 measure the angle between the centers of adjacent antennas. By It consists of eight sectors for omnidirectional detection and is arranged at intervals between centers so that three wavelengths can be incident at the maximum frequency (6 GHz) of the operating frequency band.

Therefore, the detection angle per sector 3.5 wavelength is incident by The anti-explosion process of this becomes possible.

At this time, the detection angle per sector The output waveforms of the 8-bit phase discriminator within the detection angle at the maximum frequency of the operating frequency band for the two antennas 601 and 602 set as are shown in FIG.

In this case, two to four ambiguities can be generated depending on the frequency and can be solved by the amplitude orientation.

If the 3.5 wavelength is the maximum frequency incident If not, the gross error due to the ambiguity failure does not occur.

Therefore, in the 3 octave band, the lowest frequency band (2 GHz) Since the 1.17 wavelength is incident on the detection angle, the structure is simpler and more economical than using the conventional Harmonic / Nonharmonic Phase Interferometer.

In addition, 3.5 wavelengths are incident even at the accuracy of detection, so that the phase shift error between the antenna and the receiver even though Within (phase variation / Bearing ) Can achieve accuracy of detection.

In addition, the present invention can deal with the case where the amplitude orientation according to the center movement of the mechanical or electronic beam is directed to the adjacent phase orientation sector by widening the range of the detection angle rather than the angle between the antenna centers.

As described in detail above, the present invention arranges a plurality of probe antennas in an isometric shape, and spaces the separation distance between the antenna centers by two or more wavelengths at the highest frequency of the operating frequency band. There is an effect that can accurately detect the direction of arrival of the incident signal for all directions.

Claims (3)

Operation of a plurality of probe antennas having an equiangular circular array structure spaced at equal intervals, a plurality of 8-bit phase discriminators for obtaining a phase difference between adjacent antennas from the plurality of antennas, and operation of two adjacent antennas according to operating frequencies and sectors A phase center compensator for adjusting the sector and frequency phase values to '0' at the beam intersection of the sector so as to easily calculate the output of the phase discriminator within the detection angle at the maximum frequency of the frequency band; In order to solve the ambiguity of the measured orientation, an amplitude orientation calculator outputs an amplitude orientation signal, and an amplitude orientation in the amplitude orientation calculator and a phase value in the phase center compensator as inputs. A section discriminating unit indicating a generated section, a phase value and the sphere at the phase center compensating unit It consists of a phase orientation compensator that compensates the phase orientation by using the sector and frequency as the input of the section discrimination indication signal from the liver discriminator. A phase comparison observation apparatus characterized by measuring the orientation of an incident signal with respect to all directions. The antenna of claim 1, wherein , or Phase comparison observation device characterized in that 4, 6 or 8 are installed to form an equilateral circular array structure at equal intervals. The phase comparison detection method according to claim 2, wherein the separation distances between the centers of the plurality of detection antennas are spaced apart from two or more wavelengths in consideration of the accuracy of the size and amplitude comparison detection of the antenna at the highest frequency of the operating frequency band. Device.