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KR100282329B1 - An in-plane switch type liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

An in-plane switch type liquid crystal display device Download PDF

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KR100282329B1
KR100282329B1 KR1019970031257A KR19970031257A KR100282329B1 KR 100282329 B1 KR100282329 B1 KR 100282329B1 KR 1019970031257 A KR1019970031257 A KR 1019970031257A KR 19970031257 A KR19970031257 A KR 19970031257A KR 100282329 B1 KR100282329 B1 KR 100282329B1
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liquid crystal
crystal display
display device
electric field
transverse electric
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KR19990009004A (en
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함용성
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구본준
엘지.필립스 엘시디주식회사
론 위라하디락사
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Priority to KR1019970031257A priority Critical patent/KR100282329B1/en
Priority to US09/110,961 priority patent/US6184961B1/en
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Priority to US09/729,083 priority patent/US6466291B2/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
    • G02F1/134363Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement for applying an electric field parallel to the substrate, i.e. in-plane switching [IPS]
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133707Structures for producing distorted electric fields, e.g. bumps, protrusions, recesses, slits in pixel electrodes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133711Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
    • G02F1/133723Polyimide, polyamide-imide
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133753Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers with different alignment orientations or pretilt angles on a same surface, e.g. for grey scale or improved viewing angle

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)

Abstract

본 발명의 횡전계방식 액정표시장치는 시야각특성을 향상시키고 색변환을 방지하기 위한 것으로, 화소를 분할하여 각 화소에 서로 다른 배향방향을 부여하거나, 서로 인접하는 화소의 배향방향을 다르게 하여 화소 내에서 액정분자의 회전방향을 반대로 하거나 서로 인접하는 화소의 액정분자의 회전을 서로 반대방향으로 하여 시야각특성을 향상시킴과 동시에 색변환이 발생하는 것을 방지해 준다.The transverse electric field type liquid crystal display device of the present invention improves the viewing angle characteristic and prevents color conversion, and divides pixels to give each pixel a different alignment direction, or to change the alignment directions of adjacent pixels to be different from each other. In this case, the rotation direction of the liquid crystal molecules is reversed or the liquid crystal molecules of adjacent pixels are rotated in opposite directions to improve viewing angle characteristics and to prevent color conversion from occurring.

Description

횡전계방식 액정표시장치{AN IN-PLANE SWITCH TYPE LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY DEVICE}Transverse electric field liquid crystal display device {AN IN-PLANE SWITCH TYPE LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY DEVICE}

본 발명은 액정표시장치에 관한 것으로, 특히 화소 내의 액정분자를 반대방향으로 회전시키거나 서로 인접하는 화소의 액정분자를 서로 반대방향으로 회전시켜 시야각특성을 향상시킴과 동시에 시야각방향에 따른 색변환을 방지하여 화질을 향상시킨 횡전계방식 액정표시장치에 관한 것이다.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display, and in particular, to rotate liquid crystal molecules in a pixel in opposite directions or to rotate liquid crystal molecules of adjacent pixels in opposite directions to improve viewing angle characteristics and to perform color conversion in the viewing angle direction. The present invention relates to a transverse electric field type liquid crystal display device which prevents and improves image quality.

최근, 휴대용 텔레비전이나 노트북 컴퓨터에 많이 사용되는 박막트랜지스터 액정표시장치(TFT LCD)에서 대면적화가 강력하게 요구되고 있지만, 상기한 TFT LCD에는 시야각에 따라 콘트라스트비(contrast ratio)가 변하는 문제가 있었다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해, 광보상판이 장착된 트위스트네마틱(twisted nematic) 액정표시장치, 멀티도메인(multi-domain) 액정표시장치 등과 같은 여러가지 액정표시장치가 제안되고 있다. 그러나, 이러한 여러가지 액정표시장치로는 시야각에 따라 콘트라스트비가 저하되고 색상이 변하는 문제를 해결하기 힘든 실정이다.In recent years, a large area has been strongly demanded in thin film transistor liquid crystal displays (TFT LCDs), which are frequently used in portable televisions and notebook computers. However, the above-described TFT LCDs have a problem in that contrast ratios change depending on the viewing angle. In order to solve this problem, various liquid crystal display devices, such as a twisted nematic liquid crystal display device equipped with an optical compensation plate, a multi-domain liquid crystal display device, and the like have been proposed. However, it is difficult to solve such a problem that the contrast ratio is lowered and the color is changed according to the viewing angle with various liquid crystal display devices.

광시야각을 실현하기 위해 제안되는 다른 방식의 액정표시장치인 횡전계방식 (in plane switching mode)의 액정표시장치가 JAPAN DISPLAY 92 P547, 일본특허 특개평 7-36058, 일본특허 특개평 7-225538, ASIA DISPLAY 95 P707 등에 제안되고 있다.A liquid crystal display device of the in-plane switching mode, another liquid crystal display device proposed to realize a wide viewing angle, is JAPAN DISPLAY 92 P547, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-36058, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-225538, It is proposed to ASIA DISPLAY 95 P707.

도 1 및 도 2는 각각 종래의 횡전계방식 액정표시장치의 개략도 및 광학축을 나타내는 도면이다. 도면에 나타낸 바와 같이, 데이터전극(8)과 공통전극(9)은 x축 (게이트배선의 연장방향)에 대하여 θEL=90°의 각도로 연장되어 있다. 따라서, 두 전극(8, 9) 사이에서 발생하는 횡전계의 방향(θE)은 θE=180°가 된다. 배향막에는 배향처리공정에 의해 90°〈 θR〈 180°의 배향방향(θR)이 결정된다. 도면에서 θSW는 전극(8, 9) 사이의 횡전계에 의한 액정분자의 회전방향을 나타낸다.1 and 2 are each a schematic view and an optical axis of a conventional transverse electric field type liquid crystal display device. As shown in the figure, the data electrode 8 and the common electrode 9 extend at an angle of θ EL = 90 ° with respect to the x-axis (extension direction of the gate wiring). Therefore, the direction θ E of the transverse electric field generated between the two electrodes 8, 9 becomes θ E = 180 °. The alignment direction (θ R ) of 90 ° <θ R <180 ° is determined by the alignment treatment step. In the figure, θ SW indicates the rotation direction of the liquid crystal molecules by the transverse electric field between the electrodes 8, 9.

전압의 무인가시 액정분자(35)는 배향막의 배향규제력(anchoring energy)에 의해 배향방향(θR)을 따라 배열된다. 전극(8, 9)에 전압이 인가되면, 전극(8, 9) 사이에 상기한 전극(8, 9)의 연장방향(θEL)과 수직한 θE=180°방향의 횡전계가 발생하여 액정분자(35)가 상기한 횡전계를 따라 배열된다. 즉, 전압의 인가에 의해 액정분자(35)가 θR에서 θE로 |θrot| 만큼 시계반대방향으로 회전하게 된다. 도면에서, 점선은 전압의 미인가시의 액정분자를 나타내고 실선은 전압인가시의 액정분자를 나타낸다.When no voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules 35 are arranged along the alignment direction θ R by an alignment energy of the alignment layer. When a voltage is applied to the electrodes 8 and 9, a transverse electric field is generated between the electrodes 8 and 9 in the direction θ E = 180 ° perpendicular to the extension direction θ EL of the electrodes 8 and 9. Liquid crystal molecules 35 are arranged along the transverse electric field described above. That is, the liquid crystal molecules 35 rotate counterclockwise by θrot | from θ R to θ E by application of a voltage. In the figure, dotted lines indicate liquid crystal molecules when voltage is not applied and solid lines indicate liquid crystal molecules when voltage is applied.

그러나, 상기한 바와 같이 구성된 횡전계방식 액정표시장치에는 다음과 같은 문제가 있다.However, the transverse electric field type liquid crystal display device configured as described above has the following problems.

즉, 전압인가시 액정분자(35)가 시계반대방향으로 |θSW| 만큼 회전하기 때문에, 도 6(a)에 나타낸 바와 같이 액정분자의 복굴절률에 의한 계조반전영역이 발생할 뿐만 아니라, 도 1에 나타낸 바와 같이 X와 Y의 시야각방향에서 각각 파란색(blue)과 노란색(yellow)으로의 색변환이 발생하기 때문에 도 7(a)에 나타낸 바와 같이 색좌표에서의 흰색의 색변환이 크게 되어 화질이 저하되는 문제가 있었다.That is, when the voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules 35 rotate by θ SW | in the counterclockwise direction, so that not only the gray level inversion region due to the birefringence of the liquid crystal molecules is generated, but also FIG. 1 as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 7A, color conversion to blue and yellow occurs in the viewing angle directions of X and Y, respectively. As shown in FIG. There was a problem of deterioration.

본 발명은 상기한 점을 감안하여 이루어진 것으로, 화소 내의 각 도메인의 액정분자를 서로 반대방향으로 회전시키거나 서로 인접하는 화소 내의 액정분자를 서로 반대방향으로 회전시켜 시야각특성이 향상된 횡전계방식 액정표시장치를 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above, and the transverse electric field type liquid crystal display has improved viewing angle characteristics by rotating the liquid crystal molecules of each domain in the pixels in opposite directions or by rotating the liquid crystal molecules of adjacent pixels in opposite directions. It is an object to provide a device.

본 발명의 다른 목적은 액정분자의 배향에 의해 색변환을 보정하여 화질이 향상된 횡전계방식 액정표시장치를 제공하는 것이다.Another object of the present invention is to provide a transverse electric field type liquid crystal display device having improved image quality by correcting color conversion by alignment of liquid crystal molecules.

상기한 목적을 달성하기 위해, 본 발명에 따른 횡전계방식 액정표시장치는 제1기판 및 제2기판과, 상기한 제1기판에 종횡으로 배열되어 화소영역을 정의하는 게이트배선 및 데이터배선과, 상기한 게이트배선과 데이터배선의 교차점에 배치된 박막트랜지스터와, 상기한 화소영역에 형성되어 인접화소와 반대방향의 횡전계를 인가하는 적어도 한쌍의 전극과, 상기한 제1기판 전체에 걸쳐서 도포되며 제1도메인과 제2도메인으로 분할되어 각 도메인에 각각 θR1과 θR2의 배향방향이 결정된 제1배향막과, 상기한 제2기판에 형성되어 게이트배선, 데이터배선 및 박막트랜지스터영역으로 빛이 새는 것을 방지하는 차광층과, 상기한 차광층 위에 형성된 컬러필터층과, 상기한 제2기판 전체에 걸쳐서 도포된 제2배향막과, 상기한 제1기판 및 제2기판 사이에 형성된 액정층으로 구성된다. 화소 내에 배치된 한쌍의 전극은 공통전극과 데이터전극으로 구성되며, 제1도메인과 제2도메인은 각각 θR1=135° 및 θR2=45°의 각도, 즉 전극의 연장방향을 중심으로 서로 대칭으로 배향되기 때문에, 전압이 인가됨에 따라 액정분자가 서로 반대방향으로 회전한다.In order to achieve the above object, the transverse electric field type liquid crystal display device according to the present invention comprises a gate wiring and a data wiring arranged vertically and horizontally on the first substrate and the second substrate, and defining the pixel region; A thin film transistor disposed at an intersection point of the gate wiring and the data wiring, at least one pair of electrodes formed in the pixel region to apply a transverse electric field in a direction opposite to an adjacent pixel, and applied over the entire first substrate; The first alignment layer is divided into a first domain and a second domain, and each of the domains has a first alignment layer in which orientation directions of θ R1 and θ R2 are determined, and light is leaked to the gate wiring, data wiring, and thin film transistor regions formed on the second substrate. A light shielding layer which prevents the film from being prevented, a color filter layer formed on the light shielding layer, a second alignment film applied over the entire second substrate, and the first substrate and the second substrate. It consists of the liquid crystal layer. The pair of electrodes disposed in the pixel includes a common electrode and a data electrode, and the first and second domains are symmetrical with respect to the angles of θ R1 = 135 ° and θ R2 = 45 °, that is, the extending direction of the electrodes, respectively. Since the liquid crystal molecules are rotated in opposite directions as the voltage is applied thereto.

또한, 화소를 복수의 도메인으로 분할하는 대신에, 서로 인접하는 화소의 배향방향을 전극의 연장방향에 대하여 대칭으로 결정하여 인접 화소의 액정분자의 회전방향을 반대로 하는 것도 가능하다.In addition, instead of dividing the pixel into a plurality of domains, it is also possible to symmetrically determine the orientation direction of pixels adjacent to each other with respect to the extending direction of the electrode to reverse the rotation direction of the liquid crystal molecules of the adjacent pixels.

제1배향막과 제2배향막은 폴리이미드 혹은 폴리실록산계 물질이나 PVCN계 물질과 같은 광반응성 물질로 이루어져 러빙 또는 광의 조사에 의해 배향방향이 결정된다.The first alignment layer and the second alignment layer are made of a photoreactive material such as polyimide or polysiloxane-based material or PVCN-based material, and the orientation direction is determined by rubbing or irradiation of light.

도 1은, 종래의 횡전계방식 액정표시장치의 광학축방향을 나타내는 도면.1 is a view showing the optical axis direction of a conventional transverse electric field type liquid crystal display device.

도 2는, 종래의 횡전계방식 액정표시장치에서 액정분자의 구동을 나타내는 도면.2 is a view showing driving of liquid crystal molecules in a conventional transverse electric field type liquid crystal display device.

도 3은, 본 발명에 따른 횡전계방식 액정표시장치를 나타내는 도면.3 shows a transverse electric field type liquid crystal display device according to the present invention;

도 4는, 본 발명에 따른 횡전계방식 액정표시장치의 광학축방향을 나타내는 도면.4 is a view showing an optical axis direction of a transverse electric field type liquid crystal display device according to the present invention;

도 5는, 본 발명에 따른 횡전계방식 액정표시장치에서 액정분자의 구동을 나타내는 도면.5 is a view showing the driving of the liquid crystal molecules in the transverse electric field type liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

도 6(a) 및 도 6(b)는, 각각 종래의 횡전계방식 액정표시장치 및 본 발명의 횡전계방식 액정표시장치의 시야각특성을 나타내는 도면.6 (a) and 6 (b) are views showing viewing angle characteristics of a conventional transverse electric field liquid crystal display device and a transverse electric field liquid crystal display device of the present invention, respectively.

도 7(a) 및 도 7(b)는, 각각 종래의 횡전계방식 액정표시장치 및 본 발명에 따른 횡전계방식 액정표시장치의 색변환을 나타내는 그래프.7 (a) and 7 (b) are graphs showing the color conversion of the conventional transverse electric field liquid crystal display device and the transverse electric field liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, respectively.

도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

5 : 게이트전극 6 : 소스/드레인전극5 gate electrode 6 source / drain electrode

8 : 데이터전극 9 : 공통전극8 data electrode 9 common electrode

10 : 제1기판 11 : 제2기판10: first substrate 11: second substrate

12 : 게이트절연막 15 : 반도체층12 gate insulating film 15 semiconductor layer

16 : 오믹콘택층 28 : 블랙매트릭스16: ohmic contact layer 28: black matrix

29 : 컬러필터층 30 : 액정층29 color filter layer 30 liquid crystal layer

35, 36 : 액정분자35, 36: liquid crystal molecules

이하, 첨부한 도면을 참조하여 본 발명에 따른 액정표시장치에 대해 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, a liquid crystal display according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

도 3은 본 발명에 따른 횡전계방식 액정표시장치의 단면도이다. 실제의 액정표시장치에서는 n개의 게이트배선과 m개의 데이터배선에 의해 정의된 n ×m개의 화소로 구성되어 있지만, 설명의 편의를 위해 한 화소만을 나타낸다.3 is a cross-sectional view of a transverse electric field type liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. In an actual liquid crystal display device, although it consists of n x m pixels defined by n gate wirings and m data wirings, only one pixel is shown for convenience of description.

도면에 나타낸 바와 같이, 제1기판(10) 위의 게이트배선(1)과 데이터배선(2)의 교차점에는 박막트랜지스터가 형성되어 있고 화소영역에는 데이터전극(8)과 공통전극(9)이 평행하게 형성되어 있으며, 그 위에 게이트절연막(12)이 적층되어 있다. 박막트랜지스터의 게이트전극(5)은 게이트배선(1) 및 공통전극(9)에 전기적으로 접속되고 소스/드레인전극(6)은 데이터배선(2) 및 데이터전극(9)에 전기적으로 접속되며, 상기한 게이트전극(5)과 소스/드레인전극(6) 사이에는 반도체층(15) 및 오믹콘택층(16)이 형성되어 있다. 게이트전극(5)과 공통전극(9)은 스퍼터링 (sputtering) 방법으로 적층된 Al, MO, Ta 또는 Al합금 등으로 이루어진 금속층을 포토에칭(photoetching) 방법으로 형성하며, 게이트절연막(12)은 SiOx나 SiNx 등을 CVD(chemical vapor deposition) 방법으로 제1기판(10) 전체에 걸쳐서 적층하여 형성한다. 반도체층(15)은 비정질실리콘(a-Si) 등을 적층하고 에칭하여 형성하며, 오믹콘택층(16)은 n+a-Si 등을 상기한 반도체층(15) 위에 적층하거나 n+이온을 상기한 반도체층(15)에 도핑하여 형성한다. 소스/드레인전극(6)은 스퍼터링 방법으로 적층된 Al, Ti, Cr 또는 Al합금 등으로 이루어진 금속층을 포토에칭하여 형성한다.As shown in the figure, a thin film transistor is formed at the intersection of the gate wiring 1 and the data wiring 2 on the first substrate 10, and the data electrode 8 and the common electrode 9 are parallel in the pixel region. The gate insulating film 12 is stacked thereon. The gate electrode 5 of the thin film transistor is electrically connected to the gate wiring 1 and the common electrode 9, and the source / drain electrode 6 is electrically connected to the data wiring 2 and the data electrode 9. The semiconductor layer 15 and the ohmic contact layer 16 are formed between the gate electrode 5 and the source / drain electrode 6. The gate electrode 5 and the common electrode 9 are formed by a photoetching method of a metal layer made of Al, MO, Ta, or Al alloy stacked by sputtering, and the gate insulating film 12 is formed of SiOx. SiNx or the like is formed by laminating the entire first substrate 10 by CVD (chemical vapor deposition). The semiconductor layer 15 is formed by laminating and etching amorphous silicon (a-Si) or the like, and the ohmic contact layer 16 is formed by laminating n + a-Si or the like on the semiconductor layer 15 or n + ions. It is formed by doping the semiconductor layer 15 described above. The source / drain electrodes 6 are formed by photoetching a metal layer made of Al, Ti, Cr, Al alloy, or the like stacked by a sputtering method.

이때, 화소 내에 형성된 데이터전극(8)과 공통전극(9)은 각각 박막트랜지스터의 게이트전극(5) 및 소스/드레인전극(6)과 동시에 형성된다. 따라서, 도면에 나타낸 바와 같이, 공통전극(9)은 제1기판(10) 위에, 데이터전극(8)은 게이트절연막 (12) 위에 서로 교대로 형성되어, 전압인가시 기판(110)에 수평한 전계가 형성된다.At this time, the data electrode 8 and the common electrode 9 formed in the pixel are formed simultaneously with the gate electrode 5 and the source / drain electrode 6 of the thin film transistor. Accordingly, as shown in the figure, the common electrode 9 is alternately formed on the first substrate 10 and the data electrodes 8 are alternately formed on the gate insulating film 12 so that the common electrode 9 is horizontal to the substrate 110 when voltage is applied. An electric field is formed.

보호막 위에 도포된 제1배향막(23a)은 폴리이미드(polyimide)나 광반응성물질로 구성된다. 폴리이미드로 이루어진 배향막(23a)은 기계적인 러빙(rubbing)에 의해 배향방향이 결정되지만, PVCN(polyvinylcinnemate)계 물질이나 폴리실록산계 물질과 같은 광반응성 물질로 이루어진 배향막(23a)은 자외선과 같은 광의 조사에 의해 배향방향이 결정된다. 상기한 광배향처리에서는 조사되는 광의 편광여부, 편광방향, 조사횟수에 따라 배향방향이 결정된다. 일반적으로, 상기한 폴리실록산계물질이나 PVCN계 물질을 배향막으로 사용하는 경우에는, 자외선을 1회 조사하거나 2외 조사하여 배향방향을 결정한다. 광을 1회 조사하는 방법에는 배향막에 대해서 비편광된 광을 경사조사하는 방법, 편광된(특히, 선편광된) 광을 경사조사하는 방법, 부분 편광된 광을 경사조사하는 방법 등이 있으며, 광을 2회 조사하는 방법에서는 배향막에 대하여 편광된 광을 1회 경사 혹은 수직조사하여 2개의 축퇴 (degeneracy)된 배향방향을 결정한 후 다시 편광된 광을 조사하여 2개의 배향방향 중 원하는 방향을 선택한다.The first alignment layer 23a coated on the protective film is made of polyimide or photoreactive material. Although the alignment direction 23a made of polyimide is determined by mechanical rubbing, the alignment film 23a made of a photoreactive material such as polyvinylcinnemate (PVCN) -based material or polysiloxane-based material is irradiated with light such as ultraviolet rays. The orientation direction is determined by. In the optical alignment process described above, the alignment direction is determined according to whether the irradiated light is polarized, the polarization direction, and the number of irradiation times. In general, when the above-described polysiloxane-based material or PVCN-based material is used as the alignment film, the alignment direction is determined by irradiating the ultraviolet light once or by irradiating it twice. The method of irradiating light once includes a method of obliquely irradiating unpolarized light with respect to the alignment layer, a method of obliquely irradiating polarized (particularly linearly polarized) light, a method of obliquely irradiating partially polarized light, and the like. In the method of irradiating twice, the two degeneracy alignment directions are determined by inclining or vertically irradiating the polarized light with respect to the alignment layer once, and then irradiating the polarized light again to select a desired direction among the two alignment directions. .

제2기판(11)에는 게이트배선, 데이터배선 및 박막트랜지스터 영역으로 빛이 새는 것을 방지하기 위한 차광층인 블랙매트릭스(28)가 형성되어 있으며, 그 위에 컬러필터층(29)이 형성된다. 블랙매트릭스(28)는 Cr이나 CrOx 등의 금속을 적층하고 에칭하여 형성한다. 컬러필터층(29)은 화소마다 R, G, B가 반복되어 형성된다. 상기한 제2기판(11) 전체에 걸쳐서 폴리이미드나 광반응성물질이 도포된 제2배향막 (23b)이 형성된다.The second substrate 11 is formed with a black matrix 28 that is a light blocking layer for preventing light from leaking into the gate wiring, the data wiring, and the thin film transistor region, and the color filter layer 29 is formed thereon. The black matrix 28 is formed by stacking and etching a metal such as Cr or CrOx. The color filter layer 29 is formed by repeating R, G, and B for each pixel. A second alignment layer 23b coated with polyimide or a photoreactive substance is formed over the entire second substrate 11.

상기한 제1기판(10)과 제2기판(11) 사이에는 진공상태에서 액정이 주입되어 액정층(30)이 형성된다.The liquid crystal layer is injected between the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 11 in a vacuum state to form the liquid crystal layer 30.

도 4는 본 발명에 따른 횡전계방식 액정표시장치의 광학축을 나타내는 도면이고, 도 5는 본 발명에 따른 횡전계방식 액정표시장치에서의 액정분자의 구동을 나타내는 도면이다. 도 3에서는 나타내지 않았지만, 본 발명의 특징은 도 5에 나타낸 바와 같이 화소가 2개의 도메인으로 분할되어 각 도메인에서의 액정분자가 서로 반대방향으로 회전한다는 것이다. 도 4에서 θEL은 전극(8, 9)의 연장방향을 나타내고 θR1과 θR2는 각각 제1도메인과 제2도메인의 배향막(23)의 배향방향을 나타내며, θrot1과 θrot2는 각각 제1도메인과 제2도메인에서의 액정분자(35)의 회전방향을 나타낸다. 도 5에 나타낸 바와 같이, 전극(8, 9)은 게이트배선(도 4의 X축)에 대하여 θEL=90°로 연장되어 있으며, 제1도메인과 제2도메인의 액정분자(35, 36)는 각 도메인에 결정된 배향방향(θrot1, θrot2)을 따라 배열된다. 이때, θrot1=135°, θrot2=45°이기 때문에 제1도메인과 제2도메인의 액정분자(35, 36)는 전극(8, 9)의 연장방향(θEL)을 중심으로 대칭으로 배열된다.4 is a view showing an optical axis of a transverse electric field liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, Figure 5 is a view showing the driving of the liquid crystal molecules in the transverse electric field liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. Although not shown in FIG. 3, a feature of the present invention is that as shown in FIG. 5, the pixel is divided into two domains so that the liquid crystal molecules in each domain rotate in opposite directions. In FIG. 4, θ EL represents the extending direction of the electrodes 8 and 9, θ R1 and θ R2 represent the alignment directions of the alignment layers 23 of the first domain and the second domain, respectively, and θ rot1 and θ rot2 each represent the direction of extension . The rotation directions of the liquid crystal molecules 35 in the first domain and the second domain are shown. As shown in FIG. 5, the electrodes 8 and 9 extend at θ EL = 90 ° with respect to the gate wiring (X-axis in FIG. 4), and the liquid crystal molecules 35 and 36 of the first domain and the second domain. It is arranged along the alignment direction (θ rot1, rot2 θ) determined in each domain. At this time, since θ rot1 = 135 ° and θ rot2 = 45 °, the liquid crystal molecules 35 and 36 of the first domain and the second domain are arranged symmetrically about the extension direction θ EL of the electrodes 8 and 9. do.

따라서, 양전극(8, 9)에 전압이 인가되어 횡전계가 발생하면, 액정분자(35, 36)가 상기한 횡전계를 따라 배열되기 때문에 액정분자(35, 36)가 제1도메인과 제2도메인에서 서로 반대방향으로 |θrot1|과|θrot2| 만큼 회전하게 된다.Therefore, when a voltage is applied to the positive electrodes 8 and 9 to generate a transverse electric field, the liquid crystal molecules 35 and 36 are arranged along the transverse electric field, so that the liquid crystal molecules 35 and 36 are arranged in the first domain and the second domain. in the domain in opposite directions | is rotated by | θ rot1 | and | θ rot2.

이러한 각 도메인 내의 액정분자(35, 36)의 반대방향으로의 회전에 의해 계조반전이 서로 보상되어 액정표시장치의 시야각특성이 향상된다. 도 6(a)는 종래 횡전계방식 액정표시장치의 시야각특성을 나타내는 도면이다. 도 6(b)는 본 발명에 따른 횡전계방식 액정표시장치의 시야각특성을 나타내는 도면이다. 도 6(a)에서 빗금친 부분은 계조반전이 발생하는 시야각영역을 나타낸다. 도면에 나타낸 바와 같이, 종래의 횡전계방식 액정표시장치에서는 90°와 180°사이와 270°와 0°사이에 계조반전이 발생하는 반면에, 도 6(b)에 나타낸 본 발명에서는 인접한 화소 사이의 보상에 의해 계조반전영역이 발생하지 않음을 알 수 있다. 따라서, 종래의 횡전계방식 액정표시장치에 비해 시야각특성이 향상된다.The gray level inversion is compensated for each other by rotation of the liquid crystal molecules 35 and 36 in the respective domains, thereby improving the viewing angle characteristic of the liquid crystal display. 6 (a) is a view showing viewing angle characteristics of a conventional transverse electric field type liquid crystal display device. 6B is a view showing viewing angle characteristics of the transverse electric field type liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. A hatched portion in FIG. 6 (a) shows a viewing angle region where gray scale inversion occurs. As shown in the figure, in the conventional transverse electric field type liquid crystal display, gray level inversion occurs between 90 ° and 180 ° and between 270 ° and 0 °, whereas in the present invention shown in FIG. It can be seen that the gray scale inversion region does not occur by the compensation of. Therefore, the viewing angle characteristic is improved as compared with the conventional transverse electric field type liquid crystal display device.

또한, 도 7(a)는 종래의 횡전계방식 액정표시장치에서의 색좌표를 나타내는 도면이고, 도 7(b)는 본 발명에 따른 횡전계방식 액정표시장치에서의 색좌표를 나타내는 도면이다. 도면에 나타낸 바와 같이, 종래의 액정표시장치에서는 흰색의 색변환이 약 (0.27, 0.30)에서 (0.34, 0.41)의 범위에서 발생한다. 그러나, 본 발명에 따른 액정표시장치에서는 배향방향이 전극의 연장방향(θEL)과 대칭인 도메인 또는 화소가 액정패널에서 계속 반복되기 때문에, 각 시야방향의 색변환이 보상되어, 흰색의 색변환범위가 약 (0.32, 0.33)의 범위로 줄어듦을 알 수 있다.FIG. 7A is a diagram showing color coordinates in a conventional transverse electric field liquid crystal display device, and FIG. 7B is a diagram showing color coordinates in a transverse electric field liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. As shown in the figure, in the conventional liquid crystal display, color conversion of white color occurs in the range of about (0.27, 0.30) to (0.34, 0.41). However, in the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, since domains or pixels whose orientation direction is symmetrical with the extension direction θ EL of the electrode are repeatedly repeated in the liquid crystal panel, color conversion in each viewing direction is compensated for, and white color conversion is performed. It can be seen that the range is reduced to the range of about (0.32, 0.33).

상기한 횡전계방식 액정표시장치에서는 화소를 분할하여 한 화소 내에서의 액정분자의 회전방향을 반대로 하여 시야각특성 및 색변환특성을 향상시켰지만, 본 발명의 개념이 상기한 한 화소에만 국한되는 것이 아니다.In the above-described transverse electric field type liquid crystal display device, the viewing angle characteristic and the color conversion characteristic are improved by dividing the pixels to reverse the rotation direction of the liquid crystal molecules in one pixel, but the concept of the present invention is not limited to the one pixel described above. .

또한, 상기한 바와 같이 배향처리공정시 화소를 분할하는 것이 아니라 서로 인접하는 화소의 배향방향을 전극의 연장방향을 중심으로 대칭으로 결정하는 것도, 상기한 화소분할에 의한 효과와 동일한 효과를 얻을 수 있을 것이다.In addition, as described above, instead of dividing the pixels in the alignment process, determining the orientation directions of pixels adjacent to each other symmetrically about the extension direction of the electrode can obtain the same effects as those of the pixel division described above. There will be.

또한, 화소를 2개의 도메인으로 분할하는 것이 아니라 서로 다른 배향방향을 갖는 2개 이상의 복수의 도메인으로 분할하는 것도 물론 가능하다.It is also possible to divide the pixel into two or more domains having different alignment directions instead of dividing the pixel into two domains.

본 발명은 상기한 바와 같이 화소 내의 액정분자의 회전방향, 혹은 서로 인접하는 화소 내의 액정분자의 회전방향을 서로 반대로 하기 때문에, 액정의 복굴절율에 의한 계조반전을 보상한다. 따라서, 시야각특성이 향상될 뿐만 아니라 각 시야각에 따라 색변환이 발생하는 것을 방지할 수 있게 된다.As described above, the present invention reverses the rotational direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the pixels or the rotational direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the pixels adjacent to each other, thereby compensating grayscale inversion due to the birefringence of the liquid crystal. Therefore, not only the viewing angle characteristic is improved but also color conversion can be prevented from occurring according to each viewing angle.

Claims (7)

복수의 화소 영역으로 분할된 제1기판과;A first substrate divided into a plurality of pixel regions; 상기한 제1기판 위에 형성된 적어도 한 쌍의 전극과;At least a pair of electrodes formed on the first substrate; 상기한 제1기판 위에 도포되며 각 영역의 배향방향이 인접하는 화소 영역의 배향방향과 다르게 형성된 제1배향막과;A first alignment layer applied on the first substrate and formed so that the alignment direction of each region is different from the alignment direction of the adjacent pixel region; 상기한 제1배향막과 상호작용하여 전극으로의 전압인가시 인접하는 화소 영역의 액정분자가 서로 반대방향으로 회전하는 액정층으로 구성된 횡전계방식 액정표시장치.A transverse electric field liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal layer in which liquid crystal molecules in adjacent pixel regions rotate in opposite directions when voltage is applied to an electrode by interacting with the first alignment layer. 제1항에 있어서, 상기한 전극이 공통전극과 데이터전극인 것을 특징으로 하는 횡전계방식 액정표시장치.The transverse electric field liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the electrodes are a common electrode and a data electrode. 제1항에 있어서, 상기한 제1배향막이 폴리이미드, PVCN(polyvinylcinnamate)계 물질, 폴리실록산계 물질로 이루어진 일군으로부터 선택되는 것을 특징으로 하는 횡전계방식 액정표시장치.The transverse electric field liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the first alignment layer is selected from the group consisting of polyimide, PVCN (polyvinylcinnamate) material, and polysiloxane material. 제1항에 있어서, 상기한 제1기판과 마주하는 제2기판과, 상기한 제2기판 위에 도포된 제2배향막을 추가로 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 횡전계방식 액정표시장치.The transverse electric field liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, further comprising a second substrate facing the first substrate and a second alignment layer coated on the second substrate. 제4항에 있어서, 상기한 제2배향막이 폴리이미드, PVCN(polyvinylcinnamate)계 물질, 폴리실록산계 물질로 이루어진 일군으로부터 선택되는 것을 특징으로 하는 횡전계방식 액정표시장치.The transverse electric field liquid crystal display device according to claim 4, wherein the second alignment layer is selected from the group consisting of polyimide, polyvinylcinnamate (PVCN) -based material, and polysiloxane-based material. 제1항에 있어서, 상기한 한 화소 영역의 배향방향이 전극의 연장방향에 대하여 θR1이고 인접하는 화소 영역의 배향방향이 θR2인 것을 특징으로 하는 횡전계방식 액정표시장치.The transverse electric field liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the orientation direction of the one pixel region is θR1 with respect to the extension direction of the electrode, and the orientation direction of the adjacent pixel region is θR2. 제6항에 있어서, θR1=45°, θR2=135°인 것을 특징으로 하는 횡전계방식 액정표시장치.The transverse electric field liquid crystal display device according to claim 6, wherein? R1 = 45 ° and? R2 = 135 °.
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US09/729,083 US6466291B2 (en) 1997-07-07 2000-12-05 In-plane switching mode liquid crystal display device having plurality of pixel regions
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