KR100257892B1 - 액정 광셔터 - Google Patents
액정 광셔터 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR100257892B1 KR100257892B1 KR1019930011813A KR930011813A KR100257892B1 KR 100257892 B1 KR100257892 B1 KR 100257892B1 KR 1019930011813 A KR1019930011813 A KR 1019930011813A KR 930011813 A KR930011813 A KR 930011813A KR 100257892 B1 KR100257892 B1 KR 100257892B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- polymer
- optical shutter
- prepolymer
- urethane acrylate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000004986 Cholesteric liquid crystals (ChLC) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- UHESRSKEBRADOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl carbamate;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.CCOC(N)=O UHESRSKEBRADOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004990 Smectic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- BJZYYSAMLOBSDY-QMMMGPOBSA-N (2s)-2-butoxybutan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCO[C@@H](CC)CO BJZYYSAMLOBSDY-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RZVINYQDSSQUKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenoxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 RZVINYQDSSQUKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane triacrylate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OCIFJWVZZUDMRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-hydroxyhexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C OCIFJWVZZUDMRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 43
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004988 Nematic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000003098 cholesteric effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000004983 Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 3
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 polytetra methylene chain Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 3
- ILBBNQMSDGAAPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(6-hydroxy-6-methylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-yl)propan-1-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)C1C=CC=CC1(C)O ILBBNQMSDGAAPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005264 High molar mass liquid crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004815 dispersion polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940096522 trimethylolpropane triacrylate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YFORDJRKPMKUDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-biphenyl;cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1.C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 YFORDJRKPMKUDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012956 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl-ketone Substances 0.000 description 1
- AUXIEQKHXAYAHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylcyclohexane-1-carbonitrile Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1(C#N)CCCCC1 AUXIEQKHXAYAHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLPATYNQCGVFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylbenzonitrile Chemical group N#CC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 WLPATYNQCGVFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FIHBHSQYSYVZQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-prop-2-enoyloxyhexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C FIHBHSQYSYVZQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010011732 Cyst Diseases 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- MQDJYUACMFCOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis[2-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)phenyl]methanone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(C(=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C2(O)CCCCC2)C=1C1(O)CCCCC1 MQDJYUACMFCOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002390 cell membrane structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012986 chain transfer agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- WVIIMZNLDWSIRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylcyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C1CCCCC1 WVIIMZNLDWSIRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000031513 cyst Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005262 ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005570 flexible polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000016 photochemical curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13718—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on a change of the texture state of a cholesteric liquid crystal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/542—Macromolecular compounds
- C09K19/544—Macromolecular compounds as dispersing or encapsulating medium around the liquid crystal
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
- C09K2323/03—Viewing layer characterised by chemical composition
- C09K2323/031—Polarizer or dye
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (5)
- 2매의 투명도전성 기판사이에 조광층이 형성된 액정 광셔터에 있어서, 상기 조광층은 콜레스테릭 액정 또는 키랄스메틱액정 또는 이들의 혼합액정이 우레탄아크릴레이트를 함유하는 프리폴리머의 광중합에 의해 형성되는 피막으로 피복되어져 구성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 액정 광셔터.
- 제1항에 있어서, 우레탄아크릴레이트는 전체 고분자 수지에 의해 20-60중량%로 함유하는 것을 특징으로 하는 액정 광셔터.
- 제1항에 있어서, 우레탄아크릴레이트를 함유하는 프리폴리머는 하이드록시에틸아크릴레이트, 페녹시에틸아크릴레이트, 1,6-헥산디올아크릴레이트, 트리메틸올프로판트리아크릴레이트중 적어도 1종 이상으로 조성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 액정 광셔터.
- 제1항에 있어서, 우레탄아크릴레이트를 함유하는 프리폴리머는 전체 조광층 성분에 대해 3-30중량%로 구성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 액정 광셔터.
- 제1항에 있어서, 프리폴리머는 PTMG 1000(POLYTETRAMETHYLENEGLYCOL, 중량평균분자량 Mw=1000) 또는 PTMG 2000(Mw=2000)로부터 구성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 액정 광셔터.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1019930011813A KR100257892B1 (ko) | 1993-06-28 | 1993-06-28 | 액정 광셔터 |
JP6118682A JP2807172B2 (ja) | 1993-06-28 | 1994-05-31 | 液晶光シャッター |
US08/266,041 US5455083A (en) | 1993-06-28 | 1994-06-27 | Liquid crystal optical shutter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1019930011813A KR100257892B1 (ko) | 1993-06-28 | 1993-06-28 | 액정 광셔터 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR950001336A KR950001336A (ko) | 1995-01-03 |
KR100257892B1 true KR100257892B1 (ko) | 2000-06-01 |
Family
ID=19358116
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1019930011813A Expired - Lifetime KR100257892B1 (ko) | 1993-06-28 | 1993-06-28 | 액정 광셔터 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5455083A (ko) |
JP (1) | JP2807172B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR100257892B1 (ko) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20230172696A (ko) | 2022-06-16 | 2023-12-26 | 전북대학교산학협력단 | 카본나노튜브가 혼합된 액정 광셔터용 고분자 네트워크 액정 혼합물 및 액정 광셔터 |
Families Citing this family (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5790217A (en) * | 1994-08-05 | 1998-08-04 | Orion Electric Co., Ltd. | Polymer-dispersed ferroelectric liquid crystal display |
DE69611483T2 (de) * | 1995-06-30 | 2001-06-28 | Asahi Glass Co. Ltd., Tokio/Tokyo | Optisches Flüssigkristallelement, Flüssigkristallanzeigeelement und Flüssigkristall-Projektionanzeigegerät, dass dieses Element verwendet |
US5784138A (en) * | 1996-08-22 | 1998-07-21 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Fast transition polymer dispersed liquid crystal shutter for display screen and method of manufacture therefor |
JP2001034224A (ja) * | 1999-05-17 | 2001-02-09 | Canon Inc | 表示濃度補正方法及び装置並びに記憶媒体 |
JP2001201735A (ja) * | 2000-01-21 | 2001-07-27 | Tadahiro Asada | 液晶装置 |
JP2001209035A (ja) * | 2000-01-24 | 2001-08-03 | Panafotonikku:Kk | 液晶光シャッター |
JP4047622B2 (ja) * | 2002-04-26 | 2008-02-13 | 日本放送協会 | 表示装置、照明装置及び撮影システム |
JP2004198505A (ja) * | 2002-12-16 | 2004-07-15 | Sony Corp | 調光装置及びその駆動方法、並びに撮像装置 |
US7236289B2 (en) * | 2004-05-27 | 2007-06-26 | Angstrom, Inc. | Fast optical shutter using micromirror motion |
JP2007245478A (ja) * | 2006-03-15 | 2007-09-27 | Fujifilm Corp | 赤外線感光性平版印刷版 |
JP4966588B2 (ja) * | 2006-06-02 | 2012-07-04 | 株式会社ビジョンマルチメディアテクノロジ | 液晶表示素子 |
EP2176377B1 (en) * | 2007-06-25 | 2012-09-26 | Vlyte Innovations Limited | Polymer-dispersed liquid crystal structures |
US20090016078A1 (en) * | 2007-07-09 | 2009-01-15 | Motorola, Inc. | Light valve to enhance display brightness |
TWI443181B (zh) | 2011-12-07 | 2014-07-01 | Ind Tech Res Inst | 回收膽固醇液晶的方法 |
TWI458570B (zh) | 2011-12-07 | 2014-11-01 | Ind Tech Res Inst | 回收微膠囊化膽固醇液晶的方法 |
EP2617795B1 (en) | 2012-01-23 | 2018-12-12 | Vlyte Innovations Limited | Chiral nematic, liquid crystal display device |
GB201416385D0 (en) | 2014-09-17 | 2014-10-29 | Vlyte Innovations Ltd | A chiral nematic liqid crystal light shutter |
CN110172351B (zh) * | 2019-05-09 | 2020-11-13 | 珠海兴业新材料科技有限公司 | 一种液晶组合物及基于其的笔迹可变的手写膜 |
WO2021202606A1 (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2021-10-07 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Improved polymer walled structure and methods of making the same |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ZA882904B (en) * | 1987-04-23 | 1989-03-29 | Univ Manchester | Ferroelectric liquid crystal devices |
JPH01285920A (ja) * | 1988-05-13 | 1989-11-16 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 液晶表示素子 |
JPH05142520A (ja) * | 1991-11-20 | 1993-06-11 | Alps Electric Co Ltd | 液晶表示素子 |
-
1993
- 1993-06-28 KR KR1019930011813A patent/KR100257892B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-05-31 JP JP6118682A patent/JP2807172B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-06-27 US US08/266,041 patent/US5455083A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20230172696A (ko) | 2022-06-16 | 2023-12-26 | 전북대학교산학협력단 | 카본나노튜브가 혼합된 액정 광셔터용 고분자 네트워크 액정 혼합물 및 액정 광셔터 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5455083A (en) | 1995-10-03 |
JP2807172B2 (ja) | 1998-10-08 |
KR950001336A (ko) | 1995-01-03 |
JPH0720448A (ja) | 1995-01-24 |
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