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KR0165839B1 - Exhaust emission control - Google Patents

Exhaust emission control Download PDF

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Publication number
KR0165839B1
KR0165839B1 KR1019920702041A KR920702041A KR0165839B1 KR 0165839 B1 KR0165839 B1 KR 0165839B1 KR 1019920702041 A KR1019920702041 A KR 1019920702041A KR 920702041 A KR920702041 A KR 920702041A KR 0165839 B1 KR0165839 B1 KR 0165839B1
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engine
internal combustion
load
temperature
management system
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앤드류 스미쓰 다렌
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켄 필립 시버
오비탈 엔진 캄파니(오스트레일리아) 피티와이. 리미티드
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/30—Arrangements for supply of additional air
    • F01N3/306—Preheating additional air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/12—Other methods of operation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/024—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/08—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for idling
    • F02D41/083—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for idling taking into account engine load variation, e.g. air-conditionning
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/1446—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being exhaust temperatures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M31/00—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M31/02—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating
    • F02M31/04—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating combustion-air or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M31/042—Combustion air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/024—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D2041/026—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus using an external load, e.g. by increasing generator load or by changing the gear ratio
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
  • Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)
  • Storage Device Security (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/AU91/00066 Sec. 371 Date Aug. 13, 1992 Sec. 102(e) Date Aug. 13, 1992 PCT Filed Feb. 27, 1991 PCT Pub. No. WO91/13247 PCT Pub. Date Sep. 5, 1991.A method of operating an internal combustion engine (20) in order to improve the control of the level of emissions in the exhaust gases, comprising the steps of, at least when the engine (20) is operating under idle and/or low load conditions at a temperature below a predetermined value, applying a parasitic load to the engine (20) to increase engine fuel demand, and increasing fueling rate to the engine (20) in response to said engine fuel demand to thereby raise the temperature of the exhaust gases. The method may further comprise the steps of raising the temperature of the air being inducted into the engine (20) and/or directly heating a catalyst (25) in the engine exhaust system (24), conveniently by respective heater elements (23,26) coupled to an alternator (27) driven by the engine (20).

Description

배기 가스 방출 제어방법 및 시스템Exhaust gas emission control method and system

첨부 도면에 있어서,In the accompanying drawings,

제1도는 본 발명을 수행하는데 적합한 ECU및 다른 부품의 통상적인 배열을 개략적으로 도시한 도면이며,1 is a schematic illustration of a conventional arrangement of ECUs and other components suitable for carrying out the invention,

제2도는 본 발명을 실행하기 위한 실제적인 수단이 제공되어 있는 내연기관을 도시한다.2 shows an internal combustion engine in which practical means for implementing the invention are provided.

제1도를 참조하면, ECU(10)은 엔진 온도, 엔진 부하 및 엔진속도와 관련한 입력 신호를 가진다.ECU(10)로의 동력 공급은 차단기(13)에 의해 차단될 때 배터리의 상태 및 교류기의 출력에 따라 배터리(11) 또는 교류기(12)로부터 공급된다. 배터리(11)는 동력 공급 저장원으로서 제공되고 엔진에 의해 구동되는 교류기(12)에 의해 충전된다.Referring to FIG. 1, the ECU 10 has input signals relating to the engine temperature, engine load and engine speed. The power supply to the ECU 10 is interrupted by the breaker 13 and the state of the battery and Depending on the output, it is supplied from battery 11 or alternator 12. The battery 11 is charged by an alternator 12 which serves as a power supply storage source and is driven by the engine.

계전기(15)는 히터 소자(16)로 공급되는 동력을 제어하고 스위치(17)를 통해 ECU로 제어된다. ECU는 엔진 온도가 허용가능한 엔진 작동의 안정성 및 촉매의 급속한 라이트 호프를 얻을 수 있도록 도움을 제공하는데 바람직한 예정치 이하의 수치에 있는가의 여부를 시동 과정에 결정하도록 프로그램되어있다. 통상적인 온도 예정치는 35℃이다.The relay 15 controls the power supplied to the heater element 16 and is controlled by the ECU via the switch 17. The ECU is programmed to determine during the start-up process whether the engine temperature is below the desired level, which is desirable to provide an acceptable stability of engine operation and help to obtain a rapid light hop of the catalyst. Typical temperature estimates are 35 ° C.

이전에 지적한 바와같이, 몇몇 시동 상태하에서는 이전의 작동 주기로부터 엔진이 냉각되지 않은 결과로 엔진이 효과적인 작동 온도에 있지 않으며, 그런 상황에서는 워밍업시간을 단축시키는 기생부하의 용도가 필요치 않게 된다. 또한, 배터리(11)로부터 공급된 동력이 10볼트, 보통12 볼트인 초기치 이하이면, 이는 배터리에 수용할 수 있는 부하가 아니고 ECU(10)의 작동에 영향을 줄 수 없으므로 ECU(10)는 전기 기생 부하의 적용을 실행하지 않는다.As previously pointed out, under some starting conditions, the engine is not at an effective operating temperature as a result of the engine not cooling from the previous operating cycle, in which case the use of parasitic loads to shorten the warm-up time is not necessary. Also, if the power supplied from the battery 11 is less than or equal to 10 volts, usually 12 volts, this is not an acceptable load on the battery and cannot affect the operation of the ECU 10. Do not apply parasitic loads.

ECU(10)가 배터리 상태 및 엔진 온도로부터 기생부하를 가해야할 상태를 결정하는 경우에, ECU(10)는 히터소자(16)를 교류기(12)에 접속하는 계전기(15)를 작동시킨다.In the case where the ECU 10 determines the state to be subjected to the parasitic load from the battery state and the engine temperature, the ECU 10 operates the relay 15 connecting the heater element 16 to the alternator 12.

그 결과 엔진 부하의 증가로 엔진의 요구량을 증가시키고 ECU(10)은 엔진으로 공급되는 연료를 요구량을 증가시키고 ECU(10는 엔진으로 공급되는 연료를 적절하게 증가시킬 것이다.As a result, an increase in engine load will increase the demand of the engine, the ECU 10 will increase the demand for the fuel supplied to the engine, and the ECU 10 will appropriately increase the fuel supplied to the engine.

결과적으로 증가된 연료량의 연소로 배기 가스 온도의 증가를 초래하게 되어, 엔진의 안정한 작동 상태에 도달하는 시간 및 촉매의 라이트 오프에 도달하는 시간을 단축시킴과 더불어 엔진 및 배기 촉매 온도의 상승 비율을 증가시키는 결과가 된다.As a result, increased combustion of fuel leads to an increase in the exhaust gas temperature, which reduces the time to reach a stable operating state of the engine and to the light off of the catalyst, as well as to increase the rate of increase of the engine and exhaust catalyst temperatures. This results in an increase.

ECU(10)는 엔진이 미리 선택된 온도 또는 시간, 시동으로부터 실제 시간이나 이동 이후 미리 선택된 회전수와 일치하는 시간에 도달하는 초기 상태를 성취함에 따라 기생 부하를 차단하도록 프로그램될 수도 있다.The ECU 10 may be programmed to interrupt the parasitic load as the engine achieves an initial state of reaching a pre-selected temperature or time, a time consistent with the preselected revolutions after actual time or movement from start up.

연소실로 송출될 때 유입된 공기의 온도를 상승시켜 후에 생성되는 배기가스의 온도를 상승시키도록 엔진으로 유입되는 공기 통로 내부에 히터소자(16)를 위치시키는 것이 편리하고 바람직하다고 공지되어 있다.It is known that it is convenient and desirable to place the heater element 16 inside the air passage entering the engine so as to raise the temperature of the introduced air when it is sent to the combustion chamber to raise the temperature of the exhaust gas generated later.

또한, 촉매를 직접 가열하도록 히터소자(16)를 배기 시스템 내부에 위치시킴으로 촉매의 빠른 라이트 오프를 유도하고 배기 시스템의 효과적인 작동을 얻을 수 있다는 것도 공지되어 있다.It is also known that by placing the heater element 16 inside the exhaust system to directly heat the catalyst, it is possible to induce a rapid light off of the catalyst and to obtain an effective operation of the exhaust system.

기생 부하로서 히터 소자의 온도는 히터 소자로부터의 에너지가 엔진의 더 급속한 워밍업을 성취하고 배기가스 온도를 상승시키고 배기 촉매의 급속한 라이트 오프를 유도하는데 유용하게 사용될 수 있을때 엔진에 가하는 부하의 가장 편리한 형태중 하나라는 것도 공지되어 있다.The temperature of the heater element as a parasitic load is the most convenient form of load applied to the engine when energy from the heater element can be used to achieve a faster warm up of the engine, raise the exhaust gas temperature and induce a rapid light off of the exhaust catalyst. It is also known that one of.

제2도를 참조하면, 엔진(20)에는 분사 수단(21)을 포함하는 연료 공급수단이 제공되어 있고 공기 유입 시스템(22) 및 배기 시스템(24)을 가진다. 공기는 공기 유입 시스템(22)을 통해 엔진(20) 내부로 유입되고 발생된 배기 가스는 배기가스 방출 수치를 제어하는 배기 시스템(24) 내부에서 처리된다. 촉매(25)는 방출 수치의 제어 목적으로 배기 시스템(24)에 제공된다.2, the engine 20 is provided with a fuel supply means comprising an injection means 21 and has an air inlet system 22 and an exhaust system 24. Air is introduced into the engine 20 through the air inlet system 22 and the generated exhaust gas is processed inside the exhaust system 24 which controls the exhaust gas emission value. Catalyst 25 is provided to the exhaust system 24 for the purpose of controlling the emission value.

엔진(20)은 벨트(29)를 경유해 교류기(27) 및 압축기 또는 펌프(28)를 구동한다. 교류기(27)는 엔진(20) 작동용 전기 동력을 제공하고 펌프(28)는 엔진 냉각유체의 순환을 위해 제공되어 있다. 교류기(27)또는 압축기 또는 펌프(28)상의 증가된 부하는 엔진(20)부하의 증가에 기인된 것이라는 것을 알 수 있다.The engine 20 drives the alternator 27 and the compressor or pump 28 via the belt 29. The alternator 27 provides electrical power for operating the engine 20 and the pump 28 is provided for circulation of the engine cooling fluid. It can be seen that the increased load on the alternator 27 or compressor or pump 28 is due to the increase in engine 20 load.

전기 히터 소자(23)은 공기 유입시스템(22) 안쪽에 위치하고 기생부하를 엔진(20)에 가하는 교류기(27)에 전기 부하의 일부로서 접속될 수 있다. 이 히터 소자(23)은 열을 유입된 공기에 가하도록 사용되어 유입공기의 온도를 상승시킨다.The electric heater element 23 may be connected as part of an electrical load to an alternator 27 which is located inside the air inlet system 22 and exerts a parasitic load on the engine 20. This heater element 23 is used to apply heat to the introduced air to raise the temperature of the inlet air.

다른 전기 히터 소자(26)는 배기시스템(24) 안쪽에 위치하고 기생 부하를 엔진(20)에 가하는 교류기(27)에 전기 부하의 일부로서 접속될 수 있다. 이 히터 소자(26)는 배기 시스템(24)내의 촉매(25)를 직접 가열하고 배기 시스템의 효과적인 작동을 위한 촉매의 신속한 라이트 오프를 유도하는데 사용된다.The other electric heater element 26 may be connected as part of the electrical load to an alternator 27 which is located inside the exhaust system 24 and applies a parasitic load to the engine 20. This heater element 26 is used to directly heat the catalyst 25 in the exhaust system 24 and to induce rapid light off of the catalyst for effective operation of the exhaust system.

펌프(28)는 엔진 냉각 유체의 순환을 선택적으로 제한하는 가변 작동 밸브나 조절간으한 배출구 형태인 순환 제어 수단에 결합될 수 있다. 냉각 유체 순환의 제한으로 펌프(28)상의 부하를 증가시켜 엔진(20)으로의 부하를 증가시킨다.The pump 28 may be coupled to a circulating control means in the form of a variable actuation valve or control outlet that selectively restricts the circulation of the engine cooling fluid. Restriction of the cooling fluid circulation increases the load on the pump 28, thereby increasing the load on the engine 20.

본 발명은 특히, 엔진의 워밍업중 배기 가스 방출수치의 제어를 개선하기 위한 내연기관의 작동 제어에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates in particular to the operation control of an internal combustion engine for improving the control of the exhaust gas emission values during warming up of the engine.

일반적으로 높은 엔진 부하 범위에 비해 낮은 엔진 부하 범위에서 엔진의 안정한 작동을 성취하는 것과 배기 가스 방출 수치를 제어하는 것이 훨씬 더 어렵다는 것이 공지되어 있다. 또한, 이러한 어려움은 엔진의 최초 시동후에 존재할 수 있는, 엔진의 작동 온도가 낮을 때 증가한다는 것도 공지되어 있다.It is generally known that it is much more difficult to achieve stable operation of the engine at lower engine load ranges and to control the exhaust gas emission levels compared to high engine load ranges. It is also known that this difficulty increases when the operating temperature of the engine is low, which may exist after the initial start of the engine.

또한, 배기 시스템 내부의 촉매 변환기로 엔진을 작동시키는 경우에도, 이들 촉매는 일반적으로 촉매의 라이트 오프(light off)온도로 칭하는 효과적인 작동 온도에 도달할 때까지 효과적으로 작용하지 못한다. 일반적으로 촉매의 라이트 오프는 배기가스에 의해 촉매에 가해지는 열에 의존하고 촉매의 라이트 오프 온도로의 급속한 가열을 실행하기에 충분히 높은 온도로 되는 배기 가스에 의존한다.In addition, even when the engine is operated with a catalytic converter inside the exhaust system, these catalysts do not work effectively until they reach an effective operating temperature, commonly referred to as the light off temperature of the catalyst. In general, the light off of the catalyst depends on the heat applied to the catalyst by the exhaust gas and on the exhaust gas being brought to a temperature high enough to effect rapid heating of the catalyst to the light off temperature.

그러므로, 본 발명의 목적은 상기 문제점을 감소 시키거나 극복할 수 있게 하고 배기 가스 방출의 제어를 개선시키는데 도움이 되는 내연기관의 작동 방법 및 수단을 제공하는 것이다.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method and means for operating an internal combustion engine which can reduce or overcome the above problems and help improve the control of exhaust gas emissions.

이러한 본 발명의 목적을 고려하여, 적어도 예정 수치 이하 온도의 공회전 및 저부하 상태에서 엔진이 작동할때 엔진 연료 요구량을 증가시키도록 기상 부하를 엔진에 가하고 이 엔진 연료 요구량에 응답하여 엔진에 대한 연료비를 증가 시킴으로써 배기 가스의 온도를 상승시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 본 발명에 따른 내연기관 작동 방법이 제공된다.In view of this object of the present invention, the fuel cost for the engine in response to the engine fuel demand in response to the engine fuel demand to increase the engine fuel demand when the engine is operating at idle and low load at least below a predetermined value There is provided a method of operating an internal combustion engine according to the invention, characterized in that to increase the temperature of the exhaust gas by increasing.

배기 가스의 온도를 상승시킴으로써, 엔진의 작동온도 및 촉매온도의 상승비율이 증가하여, 엔진은 안정한 작동 상태에 더욱 빠르게 도달하고 촉매의 라이트 오프에 필요한 시간 주기가 감소하여 촉매에 의한 배기가스의 효과적인 처리 없이도 엔진 작동기간을 단축시킬 수 있다.By raising the temperature of the exhaust gas, the rate of increase of the operating temperature of the engine and the catalyst temperature is increased, so that the engine reaches a stable operating state more quickly and the time period required for the light off of the catalyst is reduced, thereby effectively reducing the exhaust gas by the catalyst. The engine operating time can be shortened without treatment.

기생 부하의 필요성은 엔진을 미리 작동시키거나 엔진의 작동 온도 및 배기가스의 온도가 엔진의 효과적인 작동과 촉매의 라이트 오프를 빠르게 성취하기에 충분히 높은 경우와 같이 모든 엔진의 시동시에 꼭 필요한 것응 아니다. 따라서, 연료 효율을 개선시키기 위해 기생부하는 엔진의 온도가 예정 수치 이하일 때 시동하는 엔진에만 가해지며, 이 예정 수치는 엔진이 안정 허용범위내에서 작동하고 촉매의 라이트 오프가 엔진 시동으로 부터 매우 짧은 허용 시간 간격내에서 성취되는 특정 엔진에 대해 선택된 수치이다.The need for parasitic loads is not necessary at all engine start-ups, such as when the engine is pre-run or when the engine's operating temperature and exhaust gas temperature are high enough to quickly achieve effective engine operation and catalyst light off. . Therefore, in order to improve fuel efficiency, parasitic loads are only applied to engines starting when the engine temperature is below a predetermined value, the predetermined value being such that the engine operates within a stable tolerance and the light off of the catalyst is very short from starting the engine. The number chosen for the particular engine achieved within the allowable time interval.

본 발명은 충분한 부하를 엔진에 가하는 밸브 기구와 결합되어 있는 4 행정 싸이클 엔진보다 작은 주행 부하 및 낮은 배기 온도를 갖는 2행정 싸이클 엔진의 작동에 특히 적절하다. 그러나, 본 발명은 4 행정 싸이클 엔진으로 작동 하는 엔진에도 적용될 수 있고. 이 4행정 싸이클 엔진의 작동 안정성 및 촉매 시트템의 효율에 있어서의 개선에 공헌할 수 있다고 이해해야 한다.The invention is particularly suitable for the operation of two-stroke cycle engines with a lower running load and lower exhaust temperature than four-stroke cycle engines combined with valve mechanisms that apply sufficient load to the engine. However, the invention is also applicable to engines operating as four-stroke cycle engines. It should be understood that this may contribute to improvements in the operational stability of the four-stroke cycle engine and the efficiency of the catalyst system.

본 발명의 방법은 엔진 내부로 유입되는 공기 온도를 상승시키고 배기 시스템에서 촉매를 직접 가열시키는 것도 특징으로 한다. 유입된 공기 온도의 상승은 엔진 작동 온도의 상승비율을 증가시키고 배기 가스의 온도를 상승시키는데 도움이 되며, 이 엔진 작동 온도의 상승비 증가 및 배기가스 온도의 상승은 배기 시스템 촉매의 효과적인 작용을 얻는데 필요한 주기의 단축데 도움이 된다. 또한, 배기 시스템 촉매의 직접 가열은 촉매 온도 상승 비율을 증가시키고 배기 촉매의 라이트 오프에 필요한 주기를 단축시키는데 도움이 된다.The method of the invention is also characterized by raising the temperature of the air entering the engine and heating the catalyst directly in the exhaust system. Increasing the incoming air temperature increases the rate of increase of the engine operating temperature and helps to increase the temperature of the exhaust gas, and the increase of the rate of increase of the engine operating temperature and the increase of the exhaust gas temperature are effective in obtaining the effective action of the exhaust system catalyst. It helps to shorten the required cycle. In addition, direct heating of the exhaust system catalyst helps to increase the rate of catalyst temperature rise and shorten the period required for light off of the exhaust catalyst.

비록, 본 발명에 따라 엔진에 가해진 부하가 기생부하로서 적용될지라도, 그 부하를 엔진에 가한 결과로서의 에너지 사용이 가능하나 그 에너지는 엔진 작동중에 필요치 않거나 발생되지 않는 에너지라고 이해해야 한다.Although the load applied to the engine according to the present invention is applied as a parasitic load, it is possible to use energy as a result of applying the load to the engine, but it should be understood that the energy is energy that is not necessary or not generated during engine operation.

종래의 기생 부하는 엔진 작동용 전기 에너지를 제공하도록 엔진 설비에 제공되어 있는 교류기에 전기 부하를 접속시킴으로써 성취된다. 따라서, 기생 부하는 차량의 경우에 몇몇 또는 모든 라이트에 스위칭되는 형태나 차량의 탑승 구역이나 캡을 가열하거나 엔진으로 유입된 공기를 가열하는 것과 같이 열 에너지를 제공하는 형태일 수 있다.Conventional parasitic loads are achieved by connecting an electrical load to an alternator provided in the engine installation to provide electrical energy for engine operation. Thus, parasitic loads may be in the form of switching to some or all lights in the case of a vehicle or providing heat energy, such as heating the boarding area or cap of the vehicle or heating air introduced into the engine.

또한, 엔진상의 부하는 냉각수 또는 냉각 공기의 순환을 억제함으로써 증가시킬 수 있어 물 또는 공기 순환 펌프 또는 압축기 또는 팬에 의해 엔진으로 공급되는 부하를 증가시킬 수 있다. 만일, 엔진이 공기 압축기 또는 공기 조절 압축기와 같은 압축기에 선택적으로 접속될 수 있다면, 이 압축기는 기생 부하를 엔진에 기하는데 사용될 수 있다.In addition, the load on the engine can be increased by inhibiting the circulation of cooling water or cooling air, thereby increasing the load supplied to the engine by the water or air circulation pump or compressor or fan. If the engine can be selectively connected to a compressor such as an air compressor or an air conditioning compressor, this compressor can be used to impart parasitic loads to the engine.

엔진 구동 교류기와 결합한 전기 히터 소자등에 기생부하의 적용은 열에너지 발생의 결과이다. 이 열 에너지는 엔진 내부로 유입된 공기를 가열하는 사용되어 유입된 공기의 온도를 상승시키거나 배기 시스템의 촉매을 적접 가열한다.The application of parasitic loads to electric heater elements combined with engine-driven alternators is the result of thermal energy generation. This thermal energy is used to heat the air introduced into the engine to raise the temperature of the introduced air or to directly heat the catalyst of the exhaust system.

이와같은 열 에너지의 유용한 적용으로 배기 촉매의 라이트 오프에 요구되는 주기를 단축시키는데 효과적인 도움을 줄 수 있다.This useful application of thermal energy can be an effective help in shortening the cycle required for light off of the exhaust catalyst.

이와같이, 본 발명은 엔진에 필요한 연료비를 결정하기 위해 엔진의 작동 상태와 관련한 입력 신호를 수용하도록 배열되어 있는 ECU와, 엔진 부하 수단 및 연료 공급 수단을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 내연기관용 관리 시스템도 제공하며, 사이 ECU는 적어도 엔진이 예정치 이하 온도의 공회전 및 저부하 상태하에서 작동할 때 엔진 연료 요구량을 증가 시키도록 기생 부하를 엔진에 가하는 상기 부하 수단을 제어하고 엔진 연료 요구량에 응답하여 엔진 배기 가스 온도의 증가 비율을 상승시키도록 프로그램되어 있다.As such, the present invention also provides a management system for an internal combustion engine comprising an ECU arranged to receive an input signal relating to an operating state of the engine to determine a fuel cost required for the engine, and an engine load means and a fuel supply means. Wherein the ECU controls at least the load means for applying a parasitic load to the engine to increase the engine fuel demand when at least the engine is operating under idle and low load conditions and the engine exhaust gas in response to the engine fuel demand. It is programmed to raise the rate of increase of temperature.

본 발명의 시스템은 엔진 냉각 유체를 순환시키도록 엔진에 의해 구동되는 유체 순환 수단과 상기 기생 부하를 가하도록 엔진 냉각 유체의 순환을 선택적으로 제한하는 순환 제어 시스템을 포함한다. 또한, 전기 부하 수단은 상기 기생부하를 가하기 위해 엔진에 의해 구동되는 교류기에 접속될 수도 있다. 이 전기 부하 수단은 히터 소자를 포함한다.The system of the present invention includes a fluid circulation means driven by an engine to circulate an engine cooling fluid and a circulation control system that selectively restricts circulation of the engine cooling fluid to apply the parasitic load. The electrical load means may also be connected to an alternator driven by the engine to apply the parasitic load. This electrical load means comprises a heater element.

통상적으로, 기생 부하의 적용 및 이 적용 주기의 제어는 연료 효율 및 배기 가스 방출이 중요한 요소인 대부분의 내연기관 관리 시트템의 일부와 결합되어 있는 ECU의 제어하에 이루어진다.Typically, the application of parasitic loads and the control of this application period are under the control of an ECU which is combined with some of the internal combustion engine management systems where fuel efficiency and exhaust gas emissions are important factors.

Claims (22)

내연기관 작동 방법에 있어서, 엔진이 예정치 이하 온도의 공회전 및 저부하 상태하에서 작동할 때, 엔진 온도가 예정치 이하인가를 결정하고 상기 엔진 온도가 예정치 이하라는 결정에 응답하여 기생부하(parasitic load)를 엔진에 가함으로써 엔진 연료 요구량을 증가시키고, 상기 증가된 엔진 연료 요구량에 응답하여 엔진에 대한 연료비를 증가시킴으로써 배기 가스의 온도를 상승시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 내연기관 작동 방법.In a method of operating an internal combustion engine, when an engine is operated under idle and low load conditions of a predetermined temperature, a parasitic response is determined in response to determining that the engine temperature is below a predetermined value and determining that the engine temperature is below a predetermined value. increasing the engine fuel demand by applying a load to the engine and increasing the fuel cost for the engine in response to the increased engine fuel demand. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 기생 부하는 엔진에 의해 구동되는 유체순환 수단으로 엔진 냉각 유체의 순환을 제한함으로써 적용되는 것을 특징으로 하능 내연기관 작동 방법.The method of claim 1 wherein said parasitic load is applied by restricting circulation of engine cooling fluid to fluid circulation means driven by an engine. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 기생 부하는 엔진에 의해 구동되는 교류기에 전기 부하를 접속시킴으로써 적용되는 것을 특징으로 하는 내연기관 작동 방법.The method of operating an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein said parasitic load is applied by connecting an electrical load to an alternator driven by an engine. 제3항에 있어서, 상기 전기 부하는 히터 소자를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 내연기관 작동방법.4. The method of operating an internal combustion engine according to claim 3, wherein said electric load comprises a heater element. 제4항에 있어서, 상기 히터 소자에 의해 발생된 열은 엔진 내부로 유입되는 공기의 온도를 상승시키기 위하여 적용되는 것을 특징으로 하는 내연기관 작동 방법.The method of claim 4, wherein the heat generated by the heater element is applied to increase the temperature of the air flowing into the engine. 제4항에 있어서, 상기 히터 소자에 의해 발생된 열은 엔진 배기시스템의 촉매를 직접 가열시키기 위하여 적용되는 것을 특징으로 하는 내연기관 작동 방법.The method of operating an internal combustion engine according to claim 4, wherein the heat generated by the heater element is applied to directly heat the catalyst of the engine exhaust system. 제1항에 있어서, 엔진 내부로 유입되는 공기의 온도를 상승시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 내연기관 작동방법.The method of operating an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the air flowing into the engine is increased. 제1항에 있어서, 엔진 배기 시스템의 촉매를 직접 가열하는 것을 특징으로 하는 내연기관 작동 방법.The method of claim 1 wherein the catalyst of the engine exhaust system is directly heated. 내연기관용 관시 시스템에 있어서, 상기 관리 시스템은 엔진에 필요한 연료비를 결정하기 위하여 엔진의 작동 상태와 관련한 입력 신호를 수용하도록 배열되어 있는 ECU와, 엔진 부하 수단 및 연료 공급 수단을 포함하며, 상기 ECU와, 엔진 부하의 수단 및 연료 공급 수단을 포함하며, 상기 ECU는 적어도 엔진이 공회전 및 저부하 상태하에서 작동할 때, 엔진의 온도가 예정치 이하인가를 결정하고, 엔진의 온도가 예정치 이하라는 결정에 응답하여 기생 부하를 엔진에 가함으로써 엔진 연료 요구량을 증가시키고, 상기 엔진 연료 요구량에 응답하여 엔진에 대한 연료비를 증가시키는 상기 연료 공급수단을 제어함으로써 엔진 배기 가스 온도의 증가비율을 상승시키도록 프로그램되어 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 내연기관용 관리 시스템.In a monitoring system for an internal combustion engine, the management system includes an ECU arranged to receive an input signal relating to an operating state of the engine to determine a fuel cost required for the engine, engine load means and fuel supply means, Engine means and fuel supply means, said ECU determining whether the engine temperature is below a predetermined value, at least when the engine is operating under idle and low load conditions, and determining that the engine temperature is below a predetermined value; In response to the parasitic load being applied to the engine to increase the engine fuel demand and to control the fuel supply means for increasing the fuel cost for the engine in response to the engine fuel demand, thereby increasing the rate of increase of engine exhaust gas temperature. Management system for internal combustion engines characterized by the above-mentioned. 제9항에 있어서, 상기 부하 수단은 엔진 냉각 유체를 순환시키도록 엔진에 의해 구동되는 유체 순환 수단과 상기 기생 부하를 적용하기 위해 엔진 냉각 유체의 순화을 선택적으로 제한하는 순환 제어 수단을 포함하는 것을 특징으로하는 내연기관용 관리 시스템.10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the load means comprises fluid circulation means driven by the engine to circulate the engine cooling fluid and circulation control means for selectively limiting the purifying of the engine cooling fluid to apply the parasitic load. Management system for internal combustion engines. 제9항에 있어서, 상기 부하 수단은 상기 기생 부하를 적용하기 위해 엔진에 의해 구동되는 교류기에 접속가능한 전기 부하 수단을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 내연기관용 관리 시스템.10. A management system for an internal combustion engine according to claim 9, wherein said load means comprises electrical load means connectable to an alternator driven by an engine for applying said parasitic load. 제11항에 있어서, 상기 전기 부하 수단은 히터 소자를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 내연기관용 관리 시스템.12. A management system for an internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 11, wherein said electrical load means comprises a heater element. 제12항에 있어서, 상기 히터 소자는 엔진 내부로 유입되는 공기의 온도를 상승시키도록 배열되는 것을 특징으로 하는 내연기관용 관리 시스템.13. The management system for an internal combustion engine according to claim 12, wherein said heater element is arranged to raise the temperature of the air flowing into the engine. 제12항에 이어서, 상기 히터 소자는 엔진 배기 시스템의 촉매를 직접 가열하도록 배열되는 것을 특징으로 하는 내연기관용 관리 시스템.13. A management system for an internal combustion engine according to claim 12, wherein said heater element is arranged to directly heat a catalyst of an engine exhaust system. 제11항에 내지 제14항 중 어느한항에 있어서, 상기 ECU는 엔진에 의해 구동되는 교류기에 접속된 전기 에너지 저장소로부터 동력이 공급되며 상기 ECU는 상기 전기 에너지 저장 수치가 초기치 이상일 때만 전기 부하를 가하도록 프로그램되어 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 내연기관용 관리 시스템.15. An electrical load according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein the ECU is powered from an electrical energy store connected to an alternator driven by an engine and the ECU only loads the electrical load when the electrical energy storage value is above an initial value. Management system for an internal combustion engine, characterized in that it is programmed to apply. 제9항에 있어서, 상기 ECU는 기생 부하의 적용 주기를 제어하도록 프로그램되어 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 내연기관용 관리 시스템.10. A management system for an internal combustion engine according to claim 9, wherein said ECU is programmed to control the application period of the parasitic load. 제16항에 있어서, 강기 주기는 엔진의 작동온도에 의해 결정되는 것을 특징으로 하는 내연기관용 관리 시스템.17. A management system for an internal combustion engine according to claim 16, wherein the ascent period is determined by the operating temperature of the engine. 제16항에 있어서, 상기 주기는 엔진 시동으로부터의 회전수에 의해 결정되는 것을 특징으로 하는 내연기관용 관리 시스템.17. The management system for an internal combustion engine according to claim 16, wherein the period is determined by the rotation speed from engine start. 제16항에 있어서, 상기 주기는 엔진 시동으로부터 미리 선택된 시간 간격에 의해 결정되는 특징으로 하는 내연기관용 관리 시스템.17. A management system for an internal combustion engine according to claim 16, wherein said period is determined by a preselected time interval from engine start. 제9항 내지 14항 또는 제16항 내지 제19항중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 입력 신호는 엔진 온도, 엔진 부하 및 엔진 속도와 관련되어 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 내연기관용 관리 시스템.20. A management system for an internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 9 to 14 or 16 to 19, wherein the input signal is related to engine temperature, engine load and engine speed. 제9항에 있어서, 상기 히터 소자는 엔진 내부로 유입되는 공기의 온도를 상승시키도록 제공되는 것을 특징으로 하는 내연기관용 관리 시스템.10. The management system for an internal combustion engine according to claim 9, wherein said heater element is provided to raise the temperature of the air flowing into the engine. 제9항에 있어서, 상기 히터 소자는 엔진 배기 시스템의 촉매를 직접 가열시키기 위하여 제공되는 것을 특징으로 하는 내연기관용 관리 시스템.10. A management system for an internal combustion engine according to claim 9, wherein said heater element is provided for directly heating a catalyst of an engine exhaust system.
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