KR0163590B1 - 금속화 아조 안료 및 그의 제조방법 - Google Patents
금속화 아조 안료 및 그의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR0163590B1 KR0163590B1 KR1019910002201A KR910002201A KR0163590B1 KR 0163590 B1 KR0163590 B1 KR 0163590B1 KR 1019910002201 A KR1019910002201 A KR 1019910002201A KR 910002201 A KR910002201 A KR 910002201A KR 0163590 B1 KR0163590 B1 KR 0163590B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- general formula
- formula
- metal
- coupling
- salt
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000987 azo dye Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000000664 diazo group Chemical group [N-]=[N+]=[*] 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012954 diazonium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-O diazynium Chemical compound [NH+]#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001444 polymaleic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BTXXTMOWISPQSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4,4-trifluorobutan-2-one Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(F)(F)F BTXXTMOWISPQSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- BQACOLQNOUYJCE-FYZZASKESA-N Abietic acid Natural products CC(C)C1=CC2=CC[C@]3(C)[C@](C)(CCC[C@@]3(C)C(=O)O)[C@H]2CC1 BQACOLQNOUYJCE-FYZZASKESA-N 0.000 claims 1
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-ONCXSQPRSA-N abietic acid Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)CC(C(C)C)=CC1=CC[C@@H]1[C@]2(C)CCC[C@@]1(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-ONCXSQPRSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 14
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000001989 diazonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- ALKYHXVLJMQRLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Hydroxy-2-naphthoate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C(O)C(C(=O)O)=CC2=C1 ALKYHXVLJMQRLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- LTPSRQRIPCVMKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-5-methylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N)C(S(O)(=O)=O)=C1 LTPSRQRIPCVMKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- DHEQXMRUPNDRPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium nitrate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O DHEQXMRUPNDRPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 0 *c(cc1*)c(*)cc1N Chemical compound *c(cc1*)c(*)cc1N 0.000 description 1
- VRLPHBSFRWMMPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-4-chloro-5-methylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=C(N)C=C1Cl VRLPHBSFRWMMPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZCFAPUHSSYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-5-chloro-4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC(N)=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1Cl VYZCFAPUHSSYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001412 inorganic anion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B63/00—Lakes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B41/00—Special methods of performing the coupling reaction
- C09B41/001—Special methods of performing the coupling reaction characterised by the coupling medium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
- C09B67/0025—Crystal modifications; Special X-ray patterns
- C09B67/0028—Crystal modifications; Special X-ray patterns of azo compounds
- C09B67/0029—Crystal modifications; Special X-ray patterns of azo compounds of monoazo compounds
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Coloring (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (9)
- 제1항에 있어서, M이 제1항에 정의된 바와 같은 1개 이상의 금속의 염을, 일반식(II)의 디아조화 아민과 일반식(III)의 커플링 성분이 커플링되기 전에, 일반식(II)의 디아조화 아민에 혼입시키는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 금속 M의 염이 수용성 무기 염인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 레이크 조작에 사용된 금속 M이 염의 양이 일반식(IV)의 아조 염료 1몰당 금속 염 0.75 내지 1.75몰인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 일반식(II) 및 (III)의 성분을 커플링시키기 전에 일반식(II)의 아민으로부터 유도된 디아조늄 용액의 pH를 3.0 내지 7.0으로 증가시키고; 일반식(III)의 화합물로부터 유도된 커플링제 용액의 pH를 5 내지 12로 감소시키고; 또 pH 3 내지 6.M에서 커플링제 용액을 디아조 용액에 서서히 부가함으로써 커플링 반응을 실행하는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 공정 동안에, 폴리아크릴산, 폴리우레탄, 폴리말레산, 폴리에틸렌 왁스, 목재 로진, 탈유 로진 및 아비에트산 형 유도체로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 성능 향상제를 부가하는 방법.
- 제1항에 따른 방법에 의해 제조된 일반식(I)의 금속화 아조 안료.
- 제7항에 있어서, 금속화 아조 안료를 함유하는 고분자량 유기 물질, 도료 또는 표면 피복제.
- 카알 피셔 분석에 의해 측정된 바와 같이 일반식(I)의 안료 1몰당 1.5몰의 비가역적 결정수를 함유하는 제1항에 정의된 바와 같은 일반식(I)의 금속화 아조 안료.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB909004495A GB9004495D0 (en) | 1990-02-28 | 1990-02-28 | Production of pigments |
GB9004495.9 | 1990-02-28 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR910015666A KR910015666A (ko) | 1991-09-30 |
KR0163590B1 true KR0163590B1 (ko) | 1998-12-15 |
Family
ID=10671752
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1019910002201A KR0163590B1 (ko) | 1990-02-28 | 1991-02-09 | 금속화 아조 안료 및 그의 제조방법 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5102466A (ko) |
EP (1) | EP0445072B1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP2931115B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR0163590B1 (ko) |
CA (1) | CA2037135C (ko) |
DE (1) | DE59107598D1 (ko) |
DK (1) | DK0445072T3 (ko) |
ES (1) | ES2085453T3 (ko) |
GB (2) | GB9004495D0 (ko) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6001167A (en) * | 1996-08-06 | 1999-12-14 | Engelhard Corporation | Pigment compositions |
US5677435A (en) * | 1996-09-24 | 1997-10-14 | Engelhard Corporation | Heat stable monoazo red pigment compositions |
US6294012B1 (en) | 1999-11-15 | 2001-09-25 | Engelhard Corporation | High strength monoazo yellow pigment |
US6375733B1 (en) | 2000-08-28 | 2002-04-23 | Engelhard Corporation | Heat stable monoazo magenta pigment compositions |
DE10122374A1 (de) * | 2001-05-09 | 2002-11-14 | Clariant Gmbh | Monoazopigmente auf der Basis von verlackten Naphtholsulfonsäuren |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE249819C (ko) * | ||||
AT132023B (de) * | 1930-09-02 | 1933-02-25 | Ig Farbenindustrie Ag | Verfahren zur Darstellung eines Azofarbstoffes und dessen Farblacken. |
CH477536A (de) * | 1966-04-23 | 1969-08-31 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Pigmentfarbstoffen |
US4143036A (en) * | 1977-01-31 | 1979-03-06 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for preparing metalized azo pigments |
DE2834028C2 (de) * | 1978-08-03 | 1987-04-02 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Deckende Calziumfarblacke mit hoher Purtonbrillanz und verbesserter Lichtechtheit, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung |
DE3223888A1 (de) * | 1982-06-26 | 1983-12-29 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Neue kristallmodifikation von pigment red 53:1 |
CA1236093A (en) * | 1985-02-08 | 1988-05-03 | Shine Fujimoto | Process for producing azo pigments |
DE3662400D1 (en) * | 1985-03-29 | 1989-04-20 | Taoka Chemical Co Ltd | Azo compound and solution type composition comprising the same |
JPH0753835B2 (ja) * | 1985-05-20 | 1995-06-07 | 大日本インキ化学工業株式会社 | アゾレ−キ顔料の製造法 |
JPH0749539B2 (ja) * | 1986-12-24 | 1995-05-31 | 大日本インキ化学工業株式会社 | モノアゾレ−キ顔料 |
JPH083051B2 (ja) * | 1987-03-16 | 1996-01-17 | 大日本インキ化学工業株式会社 | モノアゾレ−キ顔料 |
JP2533534B2 (ja) * | 1987-04-24 | 1996-09-11 | 住友電装株式会社 | 線材の断線修復方法及びこれに用いる複列式伸線機 |
-
1990
- 1990-02-28 GB GB909004495A patent/GB9004495D0/en active Pending
-
1991
- 1991-02-09 KR KR1019910002201A patent/KR0163590B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-02-20 EP EP91810109A patent/EP0445072B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-02-20 ES ES91810109T patent/ES2085453T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-02-20 DE DE59107598T patent/DE59107598D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-02-20 DK DK91810109.8T patent/DK0445072T3/da active
- 1991-02-21 US US07/659,804 patent/US5102466A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-02-26 CA CA002037135A patent/CA2037135C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-02-26 GB GB9103999A patent/GB2241502A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1991-02-27 JP JP3032609A patent/JP2931115B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2241502A (en) | 1991-09-04 |
DK0445072T3 (da) | 1996-04-29 |
DE59107598D1 (de) | 1996-05-02 |
US5102466A (en) | 1992-04-07 |
EP0445072A2 (de) | 1991-09-04 |
EP0445072B1 (de) | 1996-03-27 |
EP0445072A3 (en) | 1992-09-23 |
JPH04218571A (ja) | 1992-08-10 |
GB9004495D0 (en) | 1990-04-25 |
CA2037135A1 (en) | 1991-08-29 |
CA2037135C (en) | 2002-10-15 |
KR910015666A (ko) | 1991-09-30 |
GB9103999D0 (en) | 1991-04-10 |
ES2085453T3 (es) | 1996-06-01 |
JP2931115B2 (ja) | 1999-08-09 |
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