KR0147945B1 - Method for recompensating an elevation angle of the receiver antenna the dbs - Google Patents
Method for recompensating an elevation angle of the receiver antenna the dbsInfo
- Publication number
- KR0147945B1 KR0147945B1 KR1019940031479A KR19940031479A KR0147945B1 KR 0147945 B1 KR0147945 B1 KR 0147945B1 KR 1019940031479 A KR1019940031479 A KR 1019940031479A KR 19940031479 A KR19940031479 A KR 19940031479A KR 0147945 B1 KR0147945 B1 KR 0147945B1
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- Prior art keywords
- elevation angle
- antenna
- dbs
- gps
- elevation
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- TVZRAEYQIKYCPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(trimethylsilyl)propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)CCCS(O)(=O)=O TVZRAEYQIKYCPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/02—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole
- H01Q3/04—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole for varying one co-ordinate of the orientation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
- G01S5/14—Determining absolute distances from a plurality of spaced points of known location
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
- H04H40/00—Arrangements specially adapted for receiving broadcast information
- H04H40/18—Arrangements characterised by circuits or components specially adapted for receiving
- H04H40/27—Arrangements characterised by circuits or components specially adapted for receiving specially adapted for broadcast systems covered by groups H04H20/53 - H04H20/95
- H04H40/90—Arrangements characterised by circuits or components specially adapted for receiving specially adapted for broadcast systems covered by groups H04H20/53 - H04H20/95 specially adapted for satellite broadcast receiving
Landscapes
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
- Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)
Abstract
본 발명은 이동수신단인 경우, GPS로부터 앙각을 계산하기위한 위도 및 경도 정보를 얻는 DBS 수신안테나의 앙각 보정방법에 관한 것으로, 이를 해결하기 위해 DBS시스템의 수신안테나의 신호강도를 입력하는 단계;신호강도와 DBS가 시청가능한 최저임계치를 비교하여 신호강도가 상기 최저임계치 이하로 떨어지는 시점을 감지하는 단계;신호강도가 상기 최저임계치 이하로 떨어질 때, 특정시스템으로부터 수신자의 위치정보를 입수하고, 이를 이용하여 앙각을 계산하는 단계를 포함하도록 이루어진다.The present invention relates to an elevation correction method of a DBS receiving antenna, which obtains latitude and longitude information for calculating an elevation angle from a GPS when the mobile receiver is configured. To solve this problem, the signal intensity of the reception antenna of the DBS system is input; Comparing the minimum threshold value with which the DBS is visible and detecting the time when the signal intensity falls below the minimum threshold value; when the signal intensity falls below the minimum threshold value, the receiver obtains location information of a receiver from a specific system and uses the same; Calculating the elevation angle.
Description
본 발명은 직접 위성방송(DBS:Direct Broadcasting Satellite)수신 안테나의 앙각(Angle Of Elevation 또는 Looking Angle)보정 방법에 관한 것으로, 특히 이동수신단인 경우 전역 위치 감지 시스템(GPS:Global Positioning System)로부터 앙각도를 계산하기 위한 위도 및 경도 정보에 의거하여 앙각을 보정하는 데 적합한 DBS수신안테나의 앙각 보정 방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to an angle correction method (Angle Of Elevation or Looking Angle) of a Direct Broadcasting Satellite (DBS) receiving antenna, and in particular, an elevation angle from a Global Positioning System (GPS) in the case of a mobile receiver. The present invention relates to an elevation angle correction method of a DBS receiving antenna suitable for correcting elevation angles based on latitude and longitude information.
방송위성(BS:Broadcasting Satellite), 통신위성(CS:Communication Satellite)등에 의한 위성방송이란, 지상 방송국에서 발사된 방송신호를 대략 35,000~36,000㎞적도 상공 정지 궤도상에 위치한 방송위성이 이를 중계하여 지상으로 재발사, 파라볼라 안테나를 이용하여 각 가정에서 수신하는 형태로, 전파범위 안에서는 난시청 지역이 없고, 선명한 화면과 완벽한 음향으로 시청할 수 있다.Satellite broadcasting by a broadcasting satellite (BS) or a communication satellite (CS) means that a broadcasting satellite located on an orbit around 35,000 to 36,000 km above the earth's stop orbit broadcasts signals from ground stations. In the form of re-launching, the parabola antenna is received in each home, there is no blind spot within the radio wave range, and the viewer can watch with clear picture and perfect sound.
여기서 BS와 CS는 위성방송 시스템으로 본질적인 차는 없지만 BS는 정지위성으로부터의 전파를 개별 수신하는 것을 목적으로 한 방송 업무용으로 수신 시스템의 저렴화를 도모하기 위해 송신전력을 크게 100W~200W 정도로 하고, CS는 특정의 수신자를 위한 중계기로서 사용하며 송신전력은 20W-40W로 적지만 중계기수는 15~40개로 다채널화되어 있다.Here, BS and CS are inherent differences in satellite broadcasting system, but BS uses transmission power of 100W ~ 200W in order to reduce the cost of receiving system for broadcasting business aimed at receiving radio waves from geostationary satellite separately. It is used as a repeater for a specific receiver, and its transmission power is 20W-40W, but the number of repeaters is 15 ~ 40.
현재 가정에 제공되는 DBS 서비스는 수신장치를 가정에 설치할 때, 서비스맨 또는 소유자가 최대 수신강도를 보장하는 안테나의 수신각도(앙각과, 방위각)를 맞춘 후 그 각도를 영구적으로 고정시킨다.The DBS service currently provided in the home sets the receiver's reception angles (angular and azimuth angles) to guarantee maximum reception strength when the receiver is installed in the home, and then permanently fixes the angle.
이때, 앙각은 수신 안테나의 위도 및 경도 위치에 의해 결정될 수 있다. 예컨데, 미국 Houghs Communication의 DBS 수신 시스템인 DSS인 경우에는 메뉴에서 사용자의 우편번호를 입력함으로써 수신 안테나의 위치를 알려주어 최적의 앙각을 계산한다.At this time, the elevation angle may be determined by the latitude and longitude position of the receiving antenna. For example, in the case of DSS, which is a DBS receiving system of Houghs Communication in the US, the optimal elevation angle is calculated by informing the position of the receiving antenna by inputting the user's postal code from the menu.
그러나, DBS 수신자가 이동중이거나 그 위치가 가변적인 경우에는 현재 위치의 위도 및 경도 정보를 정확하게 입수할 수 없으므로 앙각 결정에 어려움이 따를 뿐 아니라 DSS와 같이 우편번호를 이용한 앙각 결정이 불가능하다는 문제점이 있었다.However, when the DBS receiver is moving or its location is variable, since the latitude and longitude information of the current location cannot be obtained accurately, it is difficult to determine the elevation angle and there is a problem that it is impossible to determine the elevation angle by using a zip code like DSS. .
따라서, 본 발명은 상기한 종래기술의 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 안출한 것으로, DBS 수신단이 이동주이거나 그 위치가 가변적인 경우 연계 시스템인 GPS로 부터 위치 정보를 얻고, 이를 이용하여 안테나 조정용 앙각을 계산함으로써 수신 안테나의 앙각을 자동 조정할 수 있는 직접 위성방송(DBS)수신 아너테나의 앙각 보정방법을 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다.Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and when the DBS receiving end is a mobile station or its position is variable, the position information is obtained from the GPS, which is an associated system, and the elevation angle for antenna adjustment is calculated using the same. An object of the present invention is to provide an elevation correction method for a direct satellite broadcasting (DBS) receiving antenna that can automatically adjust the elevation angle of a reception antenna.
상기 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 발명은, 위성체, 전역 위치 감지 시스템(GPS)및 직접 위성방송 시스템(DBS)을 갖는 위성통신 시스템에서 이동체에 탑재된 수신 단말의 위성방송 수신용 안테나의 앙각을 보정하는 방법에 있어서, 상기 이동체에 장착된 상기 안테나를 통해 수신되는 방송신호의 수신 신호 강도를 검출하는 단계;상기 검출된 수신 신호 강도와 기설정된 임계치를 비교하며, 그 비교결과 상기 검출된 수신 신호 강도가 상기 기설정된 임계치 이하로 떨어질 때 원격지에 위치하는 상기 GPS에 상기 이동체에 탑재된 상기 수신 단말의 위치 정보를 요구하는 단계;상기 위치 정보 요구에 응답하여 상기 GPS로부터 상기 수신 단말의 위치정보가 입력되면, 이 입력된 위치 정보에 의거하여 상기 수신 단말용 안테나의 앙각 조정을 위한 앙각 데이터를 산출하는 단계;및 상기 산출된 앙각 데이터에 의거하여 상기 수신 단말용 안테나의 앙각을 자동 조정하는 단계로 이루어진 직접 위성방송(DBS) 수신 안테나의 앙각 보정 방법을 제공한다.In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is to compensate for the elevation angle of the satellite broadcasting reception antenna of the receiving terminal mounted on the mobile in a satellite communication system having a satellite, a global positioning system (GPS) and a direct satellite broadcasting system (DBS) The method of claim 1, further comprising: detecting a received signal strength of a broadcast signal received through the antenna mounted to the moving object; comparing the detected received signal strength with a preset threshold, and as a result, the detected received signal strength is Requesting location information of the receiving terminal mounted on the mobile body to the GPS located at a remote location when falling below the predetermined threshold value; when the location information of the receiving terminal is input from the GPS in response to the location information request; Calculating elevation data for adjusting the elevation angle of the antenna for the reception terminal based on the input position information. The method comprising; and provides the elevation angle correction method of the direct satellite broadcast made on the basis of the elevation angle data to the step of automatically adjusting the elevation angle of the receiving terminal antenna output (DBS) receiving antenna.
제1도는 DBS의 연계 시스템이 GPS인 경우 본 발명에 따라 DBS 수신 안테나의 앙각을 보정하는 전체 시스템의 계통도 및 앙각 보정 장치의 블록도,1 is a block diagram of a schematic diagram of an entire system for correcting an elevation of a DBS receiving antenna and an elevation angle correction device according to the present invention when the DBS linkage system is a GPS;
제2도는 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예에 따라 DBS 수신 안테나의 앙각을 보정하는 과정을 도시한 흐름도.2 is a flowchart illustrating a process of correcting an elevation angle of a DBS receiving antenna according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
* 도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings
11:GPS 12:제어부11: GPS 12: control unit
13:모터 구동부 14:DBS 안테나13: Motor drive part 14: DBS antenna
15:튜너15: Tuner
이하, 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예에 대하여 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
먼저, 본 발명의 가장 핵심적인 기술요지는 DBS 수신 시스템 자체에 방송신호의 최적 수신을 위한 안테나 앙각 조정 장치를 구비함이 없이 GPS를 이용하는 상호 통신을 통해 방송신호의 최적 수신 상태 유지를 안테나의 앙각을 자동 조정한다는 것으로, 본 발명에서는 이를 통해 DBS 수신 시스템의 경박단소화는 물론 제조비용의 절감효과를 얻을 수 있다.First, the most important technical aspect of the present invention is to maintain the optimum reception state of the broadcast signal through the mutual communication using GPS without providing the antenna elevation adjustment device for optimal reception of the broadcast signal in the DBS reception system itself. By auto-adjusting, in the present invention it is possible to obtain the effect of reducing the cost and manufacturing cost as well as light and short of the DBS receiving system.
제1도는 DBS의 연계 시스템이 GPS인 경우 본 발명에 따라 DBS 수신 안테나의 앙각을 보정하는 전체 시스템의 계통도 및 앙각 보정 장치의 블록도이다. 동 도면에서 (a)도는 GPS, DBS 및 DBS 위성방송 수신 단말을 갖는 이동체(즉, 차량)를 포함하는 위성통신 시스템의 계통도이고, (b)도는 GPS 및 이동체에 탑재된 수신 단말 시스템의 방송신호 수신용 안테나의 앙각을 보정하는 앙각 보정 장치의 블록도이다.FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a schematic diagram of an entire system for correcting an elevation angle of a DBS receiving antenna according to the present invention when the DBS linkage system is GPS. In the figure, (a) is a schematic diagram of a satellite communication system including a mobile vehicle (i.e., a vehicle) having GPS, DBS, and DBS satellite broadcasting receiving terminals, and (b) is a broadcast signal of a receiving terminal system mounted on a GPS and a mobile vehicle. It is a block diagram of the elevation angle correction apparatus which corrects the elevation angle of a receiving antenna.
제1도(b)를 참조하면, 이동체(예를들면, 차량)에 탑재되는 앙각 보정 장치는 GPS(11), 제어부(12), 모터 구동부(13), 안테나(14) 및 튜너(15)를 포함한다.Referring to FIG. 1B, an elevation correction device mounted on a moving body (eg, a vehicle) includes a GPS 11, a controller 12, a motor driver 13, an antenna 14, and a tuner 15. It includes.
먼저, 제어부(12)에서는 안테나(14)로부터 수신되어 튜너(15)를 통해 튜닝된 방송신호의 신호 강도를 체크하고, 체크결과 수신된 방송신호의 신호 강도가 시청에 적합한 세기, 즉 기설정된 기준 강도 이하로 떨어질 때 GPS(11)에 수신 단말(즉, 이동체)의 위치 정보(즉, 위도 및 경도 정보)를 요구하며, 이러한 요구에 상응하여 위치 정보가 수신될 때 이를 이용하여 안테나의 앙각을 계산하여 앙각 조정을 수행한다.First, the control unit 12 checks the signal strength of the broadcast signal received from the antenna 14 and tuned through the tuner 15, and the signal strength of the received broadcast signal as a result of the check is appropriate for viewing, that is, a preset reference. When falling below the intensity, GPS 11 requests position information (ie, latitude and longitude information) of the receiving terminal (i.e., mobile object), and when the position information is received in response to this request, the elevation angle of the antenna is used. Calculate to perform elevation adjustment.
즉, 제어부(12)는 방송수신중 혹은 대기상태에서 수신자가 상당한 지표상의 거리를 이동하여 안테나(14)의 신호강도가 기설정된 임계치 이하로 떨어질 경우 이를 감지하여 GPS(11)로 이동체(수신 단말)의 새로운 위치 정보를 요구하고, 이 위치정보에 의해 계산된 앙각으로 모터 구동부(13)를 동작시켜 안테나(14)의 앙각(고도각)을 조정하게 된다.That is, the control unit 12 detects when the signal intensity of the antenna 14 falls below a predetermined threshold by moving a considerable distance on the ground while the receiver is receiving or in a broadcast state, and then the mobile unit (receiving terminal). The new position information is requested, and the motor drive unit 13 is operated with the elevation angle calculated by the position information to adjust the elevation angle (high angle) of the antenna 14.
여기에서, 모터 구동부(13)는 상기한 제어부(12)로부터의 구동 제어신호에 의거하여 작동되므로써 도시 생략된 모터를 작동시키는 것으로, 이러한 모터의 작동을 통해 안테나(14)의 앙각이 자동 조정된다.Here, the motor driving unit 13 operates a motor (not shown) by operating based on the driving control signal from the control unit 12, and the elevation angle of the antenna 14 is automatically adjusted through the operation of such a motor. .
따라서, 이러한 제어과정을 통해 이동중에도 안테나 앙각을 적응적으로 자동 조정할 수 있으므로 항상 최적의 방송 수신 상태를 유지할 수 있게 된다.Therefore, the antenna elevation angle can be adaptively and automatically adjusted while moving, thereby maintaining the optimal broadcast reception state at all times.
제2도는 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예에 따라 DBS수신 안테나의 앙각을 보정하는 과정을 도시한 흐름도이다.2 is a flowchart illustrating a process of correcting an elevation angle of a DBS receiving antenna according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
제2도를 참조하면, 대기상태 혹은 방송수신중에 안테나로부터 수신되는 위성 방송신호는 튜너를 통해 사용자가 원하는 채널로 튜닝되는 데(단계 21), 이때 제어부(12)에서는 튜닝되는 방송신호의 신호 강도를 체크한다. 즉, 수신된 방송신호의 신호 강도(즉, 세기)(P)가 기설정된 임계치(또는 기준 강도)(Pth)이하로 떨어지는 지의 여부를 체크한다(단계 22).Referring to FIG. 2, the satellite broadcast signal received from the antenna during standby or broadcast reception is tuned to a channel desired by the user through a tuner (step 21), in which the control unit 12 receives the signal strength of the tuned broadcast signal. Check That is, it is checked whether the signal strength (ie, strength) P of the received broadcast signal falls below a predetermined threshold (or reference strength) Pth (step 22).
상기 단계(22)에서의 체크결과, PPth의 조건이 충족되면 처리는 단계(21)로 되돌아가 방송수신 또는 대기상태를 그대로 유지하며, PPth의 조건이 충족되지 않으면, 즉 수신 강도(P)가 기설정된 임계치(Pth) 이하인 것으로 판단되면, 제어부(12)에서는 GPS(11)에 앙각 보정을 위한 이동체(수신 단말)의 위치 정보(즉, 위도 및 경도 정보)를 요구한다(단계 23).As a result of the check in step 22, if the condition of PPth is satisfied, the process returns to step 21 to maintain the broadcast reception or standby state, and if the condition of PPth is not satisfied, that is, the reception strength P If it is determined that it is equal to or less than the preset threshold Pth, the controller 12 requests the GPS 11 for position information (that is, latitude and longitude information) of the moving object (receiving terminal) for elevation elevation correction (step 23).
다음에, 체크 단계(24)및 지연 단계(25)에서는 위치 정보 요구에 상응하여 GPS(11)로부터 송출되는 위도 및 경도 정보의 수신이 완료되었는지의 여부를 체크하는 데, 단계(24)에서의 체크결과 위도 및 경도 정보의 수신이 완료된 것으로 판단되면(단계 26), 제어부(12)에서는 이 수신된 위도 및 경도 정보에 의거하여 안테나의 앙각(고도각)조정을 위한 앙각 데이터를 결정(산출)한다(단계 27).Next, in the check step 24 and the delay step 25, it is checked whether or not reception of latitude and longitude information transmitted from the GPS 11 has been completed in response to the location information request. If it is determined that reception of latitude and longitude information has been completed (step 26), the controller 12 determines (calculates) elevation angle data for adjusting the elevation angle of the antenna based on the received latitude and longitude information. (Step 27).
이때, 수신된 위도 및 경도 정보에 기초하는 앙각의 결정은 각각의 위도 및 경도 정보에 대응하는 각 앙각 데이터를 갖는 내장된 룩업 테이블을 이용하여 실현할 수도 있고, 또한 수신된 위도 및 경도 데이터에 근거하여 산출되는 앙각 계산 알고리즘에 의해 실현할 수도 있다.At this time, the determination of the elevation angle based on the received latitude and longitude information may be realized using a built-in lookup table having respective elevation angle data corresponding to the respective latitude and longitude information, and also based on the received latitude and longitude data. It is also possible to realize by the calculated elevation angle calculation algorithm.
따라서, 상술한 바와같은 방법을 통해 보정하고자 하는 앙각이 결정되면, 단계(28)에서는 결정된 앙각 데이터에 의거하여 모터 구동부(13)를 작동시키며, 이러한 모터 작동을 통해 안테나(14)의 앙각을 방송수신의 최적 상태로 자동 조절하게 된다.Therefore, when the elevation angle to be corrected is determined by the above-described method, in operation 28, the motor driver 13 is operated based on the determined elevation angle data, and the elevation angle of the antenna 14 is broadcast through such motor operation. It will automatically adjust to the optimum state of reception.
이상 설명한 바와 같이 본 발명에 따르면, DBS 수신 시스템 자체에 방송신호의 최적 수신을 위해 안테나를 장착한 이동체의 위치 정보(위도 및 경도)검출수단을 구비함이 없이 GPS를 이용하여 방송신호의 최적 수신 상태 유지를 위한 이동체의 위치 정보를 얻고, 여기에서 얻어진 위치 정보를 이용하여 안테나의 앙각을 자동 조정하도록 함으로써, 전체 DBS 수신 시스템의 경박단소화는 물론 제조비용의 절감을 도모할 수 있다.As described above, according to the present invention, the DBS receiving system itself does not include the position information (latitude and longitude) detecting means of the mobile body equipped with the antenna for the optimal reception of the broadcast signal, and optimally receives the broadcast signal using the GPS. By obtaining the position information of the moving object for maintaining the state and automatically adjusting the elevation angle of the antenna using the position information obtained here, it is possible to reduce the manufacturing cost and reduce the light and small size of the entire DBS receiving system.
또한, 본 발명은 상술한 바람직한 실시예에 한정하지 않고 본원의 기술적 사상 및 범주를 벗어나지 않는 범위내에서 변형 실시할 수 있다.In addition, the present invention is not limited to the above-described preferred embodiments and can be modified within the scope without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1019940031479A KR0147945B1 (en) | 1994-11-28 | 1994-11-28 | Method for recompensating an elevation angle of the receiver antenna the dbs |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1019940031479A KR0147945B1 (en) | 1994-11-28 | 1994-11-28 | Method for recompensating an elevation angle of the receiver antenna the dbs |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| KR960019849A KR960019849A (en) | 1996-06-17 |
| KR0147945B1 true KR0147945B1 (en) | 1998-08-17 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1019940031479A Expired - Fee Related KR0147945B1 (en) | 1994-11-28 | 1994-11-28 | Method for recompensating an elevation angle of the receiver antenna the dbs |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| KR (1) | KR0147945B1 (en) |
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| KR960019849A (en) | 1996-06-17 |
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