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JPWO2005003055A1 - Cement-based extrusion molding composition - Google Patents

Cement-based extrusion molding composition Download PDF

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JPWO2005003055A1
JPWO2005003055A1 JP2005511416A JP2005511416A JPWO2005003055A1 JP WO2005003055 A1 JPWO2005003055 A1 JP WO2005003055A1 JP 2005511416 A JP2005511416 A JP 2005511416A JP 2005511416 A JP2005511416 A JP 2005511416A JP WO2005003055 A1 JPWO2005003055 A1 JP WO2005003055A1
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JP4533316B2 (en
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利彦 三田
利彦 三田
剛之 出山
剛之 出山
竜一 城戸
竜一 城戸
将司 山内
将司 山内
尚文 赤平
尚文 赤平
松井 龍也
龍也 松井
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B14/00Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B14/02Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/24Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B24/28Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B24/32Polyethers, e.g. alkylphenol polyglycolether
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00034Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
    • C04B2111/00129Extrudable mixtures

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Abstract

セメント系押出成形用組成物は、水硬性物質、押出助剤、骨材および繊維からなる組成物100重量%中に水を外割で15〜45重量%、および一般式〔1〕で表されるポリオキシアルキレン誘導体であり、かつ1%水溶液曇点が40℃以上であるポリオキシアルキレン誘導体を外割で0.01〜2.0重量%添加する。(Zは2〜8個の水酸基を含有する化合物の残基、R1、R2は水素原子、炭素数1〜18の炭化水素基であり、A1Oは炭素数2のオキシアルキレン基であり、A2Oは炭素数3〜8のオキシアルキレン基であり、A1O、A2Oのオキシアルキレンはランダム状でもブロック状でもよく、a+b+c+dは1〜300であり、a+c:b+d=99:1〜2:8であり、l+m=2〜8である。)The cement-based extrusion molding composition is represented by the general formula [1] and 15 to 45% by weight of water in 100% by weight of a composition comprising a hydraulic substance, an extrusion aid, aggregate and fiber. A polyoxyalkylene derivative having a 1% aqueous solution cloud point of 40 ° C. or higher is added in an amount of 0.01 to 2.0% by weight. (Z is a residue of a compound containing 2 to 8 hydroxyl groups, R 1 and R 2 are hydrogen atoms and hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, A 1 O is an oxyalkylene group having 2 carbon atoms, and A 2 O is It is an oxyalkylene group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and oxyalkylene of A1O and A2O may be random or block, a + b + c + d is 1 to 300, a + c: b + d = 99: 1 to 2: 8, and l + m = 2 to 8.)

Description

本発明は、特定のポリオキシアルキレン誘導体を含有するセメント系押出成形用組成物および該押出成形物を硬化させてなるセメント製品に関するものである。  The present invention relates to a cement-based extrusion composition containing a specific polyoxyalkylene derivative and a cement product obtained by curing the extrusion-molded product.

従来、押出成形セメント製品用添加剤として、メチルセルロース、ヒドロキシメチルセルロースなどのセルロース誘導体や、ポリエチレンオキシド、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリビニルアルコールなどの合成高分子化合物などが知られている。しかしながら、これらのうちセルロース誘導体は保水性に優れ、押出時の脱水現象は抑えられるものの、粘着性が強すぎるため、原料ミキサーに多大な負荷がかかり原料温度が上昇することで、セルロース誘導体の熱ゲル化温度を超え、セルロース誘導体の性能を充分発現しきれない。あるいはセルロース誘導体自身の滑り性、離型性が十分とはいえず、スクリュートルクを増大させたり、成形品の外観が低下する。また、保水性が強いことでダイス吐出後に離水した水分を再吸水し、幅方向、厚み方向に膨れやすく、表面の平滑な製品を製造することが非常に困難であった。一方、ポリエチレンオキシドなどの合成高分子化合物は滑り性に優れるものの、保水性が十分ではなく、このためセメント質の水混練物を押し出す場合、ダイスにかかる押出圧力により水が分離し、その結果押出成形が不能となったり、成形後クラックが発生し外観不良となるなどの問題点を有していた。
これらの問題を解決するため、合成高分子をセルロース誘導体と併用すること(例えば特開平6−100347号公報、特開平8−225355号公報)、あるいは合成高分子としてポリウレタン系の樹脂を使用すること(例えば特開平6−191914号公報、特開平7−309653号公報)が試みられている。これらの添加剤を使うことにより、保水性、滑り性および成形品の外観も向上している。しかしながら、近年、押出成形セメント製品には、高強度化が要求されており、全体に占める水の量を減らしてこれに対応しているが、水の量を減らした場合、これらの添加剤を使用しても、混練時の負荷が大きく作業性を低下させる、混練後の材料粒径が大きいことによる成形不良、および成形品に膨れが生じるといった問題が指摘されていた。
特開平7−314418号公報では、セメント、骨材、押出助剤、水を配合して押出成形用組成物を製造している。この組成物中には、ポリアルキレングリコール誘導体を、組成物100重量部に対して外割りで0.05〜0.3重量%添加している。
Conventionally, cellulose additives such as methyl cellulose and hydroxymethyl cellulose, synthetic polymer compounds such as polyethylene oxide, polyacrylamide, and polyvinyl alcohol are known as additives for extrusion-molded cement products. However, among these, cellulose derivatives are excellent in water retention and can suppress the dehydration phenomenon during extrusion, but are too sticky, so the raw material mixer is heavily loaded and the raw material temperature rises. The gelation temperature is exceeded and the performance of the cellulose derivative cannot be fully expressed. Alternatively, the slipperiness and releasability of the cellulose derivative itself cannot be said to be sufficient, increasing the screw torque or reducing the appearance of the molded product. In addition, due to its strong water retention, it has been very difficult to re-absorb water that has been removed after discharging the die and easily swell in the width direction and thickness direction, and to produce a product with a smooth surface. On the other hand, although synthetic polymer compounds such as polyethylene oxide are excellent in slipperiness, they do not have sufficient water retention. For this reason, when extruding a cement-based water kneaded product, water is separated by the extrusion pressure applied to the die, resulting in extrusion. There have been problems such as inability to mold, cracks after molding, and poor appearance.
In order to solve these problems, a synthetic polymer is used in combination with a cellulose derivative (for example, JP-A Nos. 6-100347 and 8-225355), or a polyurethane resin is used as the synthetic polymer. (For example, JP-A-6-191914 and JP-A-7-309653) have been attempted. By using these additives, water retention, slipperiness and appearance of the molded product are improved. However, in recent years, extrusion-molded cement products have been required to have high strength, and this has been dealt with by reducing the amount of water in the whole, but when the amount of water is reduced, these additives are added. Even when used, problems have been pointed out that the load at the time of kneading is large and workability is lowered, molding defects due to the large particle size of the material after kneading, and swelling of the molded product occurs.
In JP-A-7-314418, a composition for extrusion molding is produced by blending cement, aggregate, extrusion aid, and water. In this composition, a polyalkylene glycol derivative is added in an amount of 0.05 to 0.3% by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the composition.

しかし、特開平7−314418号公報記載の技術では、いまだ混練後の材料粒径が大きいことによる成形不良、および成形品の膨れが必ずしも十分に改善されないことを見いだした。
本発明は、押出成形用材料の混練時の負荷を低減し、押出成形用材料を混練後の材料粒径を小さくすることにより成形を容易にさせたセメント系押出成形用組成物、および成形品に膨れが生じず寸法安定性に優れたセメント製品を提供することを目的としてなされたものである。
すなわち本発明は、水硬性物質、骨材、押出助剤および繊維からなる配合物100重量%に水を外割で15〜45重量%、および下記一般式〔1〕で表されるポリオキシアルキレン誘導体であり、かつ1%水溶液曇点が40℃以上であるポリオキシアルキレン誘導体を外割で0.01〜2.0重量%添加することを特徴とするセメント系押出成形用組成物である。

Figure 2005003055
(ただし、Zは2〜8個の水酸基含有化合物の残基、R、Rは水素原子、炭素数1〜18の炭化水素基であり、AOは炭素数2のオキシアルキレン基であり、AO炭素数3〜8のオキシアルキレン基であり、AO、AOのオキシアルキレン基はランダム状でもブロック状でもよく、a+b+c+dは1〜300であり、a+c:b+d=99:1〜2:8であり、l+m=2〜8である。)
好適な実施形態においては、一般式〔1〕で表されるポリオキシアルキレン誘導体において、Zが2個の水酸基含有化合物の残基であり、R、Rの炭素数の和が1〜8であり、AOが炭素数3〜4のオキシアルキレン基であり、l=1、m=1である。
また好適な実施形態においては、前記配合物100重量%に加える水の量が外割で15〜25重量%である。
また好適な実施形態においては、水硬性物質、骨材、繊維および押出助剤を最初に混合させ、つづいて水の一部を添加し混合させ、混練状態になってから、ポリオキシアルキレン誘導体および水の一部を添加して混練することによって、セメント系押出成形用組成物を得る。
また、本発明は、前記組成物の押出成形物を硬化させてなるセメント製品である。However, in the technique described in JP-A-7-314418, it has been found that molding defects due to a large material particle size after kneading and swelling of a molded product are not necessarily improved sufficiently.
The present invention relates to a cement-based extrusion molding composition that reduces the load during kneading of an extrusion molding material and makes the molding easy by reducing the material particle size after kneading the extrusion molding material, and a molded article. It was made for the purpose of providing a cement product having no swell and excellent in dimensional stability.
That is, the present invention relates to a polyoxyalkylene represented by the following general formula [1] in which 100% by weight of a composition comprising a hydraulic substance, an aggregate, an extrusion aid and fiber is added to 15 to 45% by weight of water. A cement-based extrusion molding composition comprising a polyoxyalkylene derivative, which is a derivative and has a cloud point of 1% aqueous solution of 40 ° C. or more, added in an external ratio of 0.01 to 2.0% by weight.
Figure 2005003055
(However, Z is a residue of 2 to 8 hydroxyl group-containing compounds, R 1 and R 2 are hydrogen atoms and hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and A 1 O is an oxyalkylene group having 2 carbon atoms. A 2 O is an oxyalkylene group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, the oxyalkylene group of A 1 O and A 2 O may be random or block, a + b + c + d is 1 to 300, and a + c: b + d = 99 : 1-2: 8, and l + m = 2-8.)
In a preferred embodiment, in the polyoxyalkylene derivative represented by the general formula [1], Z is a residue of two hydroxyl group-containing compounds, and the sum of the carbon numbers of R 1 and R 2 is 1-8. A 2 O is an oxyalkylene group having 3 to 4 carbon atoms, and l = 1 and m = 1.
In a preferred embodiment, the amount of water added to 100% by weight of the formulation is 15-25% by weight.
In a preferred embodiment, the hydraulic substance, the aggregate, the fiber, and the extrusion aid are first mixed, then a part of water is added and mixed, and after kneading, the polyoxyalkylene derivative and A cement-based extrusion molding composition is obtained by adding a part of water and kneading.
Moreover, this invention is a cement product formed by hardening the extrusion molding of the said composition.

図1は、ミキサー電流値の例を示すチャートである。  FIG. 1 is a chart showing an example of the mixer current value.

本発明のセメント系押出成形用組成物は一般式〔1〕で表されるポリオキシアルキレン誘導体を必須成分とする。
式〔1〕のZで示される2〜8個の水酸基含有化合物は、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ブチレングリコール、ヘキシレングリコール、スチレングリコール、炭素数8〜18のアルキレングリコール、ネオペンチルグリコール等のグリコール類、グリセリン、ジグリセリン、ポリグリセリン(3量体〜6量体)、トリメチロールエタン、トリメチロールプロパン、1,3,5−ペンタントリオール、エリスリトール、ペンタエリスリトール、ジペンタエリスリトール、ソルビトール、ソルビタン、ソルバイド、ソルビトールとグリセリンの縮合物、アドニトール、アラビトール、キシリトール、マンニトール等の多価アルコール類、あるいはそれらの部分エーテル化物またはエステル化物、キシロース、アラビノース、リボース、ラムノース、グリコース、フルクトース、ガラクト−ス、マント−ス、ソルボース、セロビオース、マルト−ス、イソマルトース、トレハロース、シュークロース、ラフィノース、ゲンチアノ−ス、メレジト−ス等の糖類あるいはそれらの部分エーテル化物またはエステル化物がある。好ましくは炭素数2〜4のグリコール類および多価アルコール類であり、より好ましくは炭素数2〜4でかつ2個の水酸基含有化合物の残基である。
式〔1〕のR、Rで示される炭素数1〜18の炭化水素基としては、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基、イソブチル基、第二ブチル基、第三ブチル基、ペンチル基、イソペンチル基、ネオペンチル基、ヘキシル基、ヘプチル基、オクチル基、ノニル基、デシル基、ウンデシル基、ドデシル基、イソトリデシル基、テトラデシル基、ヘキサデシル基、イソセチル基、オクタデシル基、ステアリル基、イソステアリル基等の脂肪族飽和炭化水素基;アリル基、オレイル基等の脂肪族不飽和炭化水素基;シクロヘキシル基、メチルシクロヘキシル基等の脂環式飽和炭化水素基;シクロペンテニル基、シクロヘキセニル基等の脂環式不飽和炭化水素基;フェニル基、ベンジル基、クレジル基、ブチルフェニル基、ジブチルフェニル基、オクチルフェニル基、ノニルフェニル基、ドデシルフェニル基、ジオクチルフェニル基、ジノニルフェニル基、α−メチルベンジルフェニル基等の芳香族炭化水素基または置換芳香族炭化水素基があり、これらは1種類または2種類以上を混合して用いてもよい。好ましくは、水素原子、炭素数1〜8の炭化水素基であり、より好ましくはR、Rの炭素数の和が1〜8である。R、Rで示される炭化水素基の炭素数が18を超えると親水性が十分でなくなるので好ましくない。
式〔1〕のAOで示される炭素数2のオキシアルキレン基としては、オキシエチレン基がある。また、式〔1〕のAOで示される炭素数3〜8のオキシアルキレン基としては、オキシプロピレン基、オキシトリメチレン基、1,2−オキシブチレン基、1,3−オキシブチレン基、2,3−オキシブチレン基、オキシテトラメチレン基、オキシスチレン基等があるが、とくに炭素数3〜4のオキシアルキレン基が好ましい。AOとAOで示されるオキシアルキレン基のうち2種類以上がブロック状またはランダム状のどのように結合していてもよい。
式〔1〕のa、cおよびb、dはそれぞれAO、AOで示されるオキシアルキレン基の平均付加モル数であり、a+b+c+dは1〜300である。a+b+c+dが300を超えると、得られる化合物が高粘度になるため製造が困難になるので好ましくない。また、a+c:b+d=99:1〜2:8であり、好ましくはa+c:b+d=99:1〜3:7である。a+c:b+dが99:1よりa+cが多いと本発明の効果が得られず、a+c:b+dが2:8よりa+cが少ないと、得られる化合物が水に溶解しにくくなるため好ましくない。また、l+m=2〜8である。また、式〔1〕で示されるポリオキシアルキレン誘導体の重量平均分子量としては、100〜50,000が好ましく、さらに好ましくは、500〜20,000である。
本発明の必須成分である一般式〔1〕で表されるポリオキシアルキレン誘導体の1%水溶液曇点は40℃以上である。40℃以上と規定されるのは、1%水溶液曇点の値が40℃より低い場合、ポリオキシアルキレン誘導体が消泡剤として作用し、あるいは水に溶解しなくなり、本発明の効果が得られないためである。
本発明のセメント系押出成形用組成物は水硬性物質を必須成分とする。水硬性物質としては、普通、早強、中庸熟、ビーライト等のポルトランドセメントや、これらポルトランドセメントに、高炉スラグ、フライアッシュ、シリカフューム、石灰石等の鉱物系粉体を配合した混合セメント、アルミナセメント、石膏等が挙げられる。
本発明のセメント系押出成形用組成物は骨材を必須成分とする。骨材としては、川砂、硅砂、硅石粉末、軽量骨材、ワラストナイト、マイカ類、ポゾラン等が挙げられる。
本発明のセメント系押出成形用組成物は繊維を必須成分とする。繊維としては、ガラス繊維、炭素繊維等の無機繊維およびパルプ、故紙、ポリアミド繊維、ポリエステル繊維、ポリプロピレン繊維、ビニロン繊維等の有機繊維などが挙げられる。
本発明のセメント系押出成形用組成物は押出助剤を必須成分とする。押出助剤としては、メチルセルロース、エチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチルメチルセルロースおよびヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース等のセルロース誘導体、ポリエーテルウレタン樹脂、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリエチレンオキシド、ポリアクリルアミド等の水溶性高分子化合物などが挙げられる。これらのうち好ましいものはセルロース誘導体とポリエーテルウレタン樹脂であり、特に好ましいものは、メチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチルメチルセルロースおよびヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースである。
押出助剤は水硬性物質、骨材、押出助剤および繊維からなる配合物100重量%中に0.01〜2.0重量%添加することが好ましく、0.05〜0.2重量%添加することがより好ましい。
前記配合物100重量%に対する前記ポリオキシアルキレン誘導体の量は、外割で0.01〜2.0重量%であり、好ましくは0.01〜0.5重量%であり、より好ましくは0.05〜0.2重量%である。ポリオキシアルキレン誘導体の量がこの範囲より少ないと本発明の効果が得られず、この範囲より多いとメチルセルロース等の押出助剤の粘性が失われ、押出し成形後の製品に引き割れが発生しやすくなり好ましくない。
前記配合物100重量%に対する水の量は、外割で15〜45重量%である。セメント系押出成形用組成物において前記ポリオキシアルキレン誘導体を使用した場合に、水の量を外割で45重量%以下に低減すると、原料が顕著に小粒化し、成形体の膨れ量が低減され、成形体の曲げ強度が向上することを見いだした。この観点からは、水の量が43重量%以下であることが好ましく、40重量%以下であることがさらに好ましく、30重量%以下、さらには25重量%以下であることが最も好ましい。水の量が15重量%より少ないと、押出成形組成物の混練時の負荷が大きくなってしまうので好ましくない。
好適な実施形態においては、水硬性物質、骨材、繊維および押出助剤を最初に混合させ、つづいて水の一部を添加し混合させ、混練状態になってから、ポリオキシアルキレン誘導体および水の残部を添加する。水硬性物質、骨材、繊維および押出助剤を最初に混合させ、続いて水の一部を添加し混合させ、混練状態になってから、ポリオキシアルキレン誘導体および水の残部を添加すると、水硬性物質、骨材、繊維、押出助剤が均一に混合されたところに水が添加され、材料が均一に混ざっているところにポリオキシアルキレン誘導体が添加されることになる。この結果、材料の粒径が均一になり、混ざりやすくなるため好ましい。なお、水の一部を添加し混合させたあとの「混練状態」とは、水硬性物質、骨材、繊維および押出助剤を乾式混合させた材料表面に水がほぼ行き渡る状態を示す。水硬性物質、骨材、繊維、押出助剤、水およびポリオキシアルキレン誘導体を同時に添加すると材料、特に繊維の分散不良が発生しやすくなり、不均一に混合してしまう傾向がある。
この実施形態においては、水硬性物質、骨材、繊維、押出助剤と最初に混合させる水の一部は、使用する水のうちの0.1〜99.9重量%を使用するのが好ましく、50〜99.9重量%使用するのがより好ましく、さらに好ましくは90〜99.9重量%使用するのが好ましい。またポリオキシアルキレン誘導体と共に後添加する水の一部は、使用する水のうちの0.1〜99.9重量%を使用するのが好ましく、0.1〜50重量%使用するのがより好ましく、さらに好ましくは0.1〜10重量%使用するのが好ましい。
The cement-based extrusion molding composition of the present invention contains a polyoxyalkylene derivative represented by the general formula [1] as an essential component.
2 to 8 hydroxyl group-containing compounds represented by Z in the formula [1] are glycols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, styrene glycol, alkylene glycol having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, and neopentyl glycol. Glycerin, diglycerin, polyglycerin (trimer to hexamer), trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, 1,3,5-pentanetriol, erythritol, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, sorbitol, sorbitan, sorbide , Sorbitol and glycerin condensates, polyhydric alcohols such as adonitol, arabitol, xylitol, mannitol, or partially etherified or esterified products thereof, xylose, arabinose, ribo , Sugars such as rhamnose, glycose, fructose, galactose, mannose, sorbose, cellobiose, maltose, isomaltose, trehalose, sucrose, raffinose, gentianose, melezitose, or their partially etherified products or There is an esterified product. Preferred are glycols having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and polyhydric alcohols, and more preferred are residues of 2 to 4 carbon atoms and two hydroxyl group-containing compounds.
Examples of the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms represented by R 1 and R 2 in the formula [1] include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a second butyl group, and a third group. Butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, isotridecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, isocetyl, octadecyl, stearyl Aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon groups such as isostearyl group; aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon groups such as allyl group and oleyl group; alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon groups such as cyclohexyl group and methylcyclohexyl group; cyclopentenyl group, cyclohexenyl Alicyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon group such as a group; phenyl group, benzyl group, cresyl group, butylphenyl group, di There are aromatic hydrocarbon groups or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon groups such as tilphenyl group, octylphenyl group, nonylphenyl group, dodecylphenyl group, dioctylphenyl group, dinonylphenyl group and α-methylbenzylphenyl group. One kind or a mixture of two or more kinds may be used. Preferably a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably sum of carbon numbers of R 1, R 2 is 1-8. When the number of carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon group represented by R 1 or R 2 exceeds 18, the hydrophilicity becomes insufficient, such being undesirable.
The oxyalkylene group having 2 carbon atoms represented by A 1 O in the formula [1] includes an oxyethylene group. Examples of the oxyalkylene group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms represented by A 2 O in the formula [1] include an oxypropylene group, an oxytrimethylene group, a 1,2-oxybutylene group, a 1,3-oxybutylene group, There are a 2,3-oxybutylene group, an oxytetramethylene group, an oxystyrene group, and the like, and an oxyalkylene group having 3 to 4 carbon atoms is particularly preferable. Two or more types of oxyalkylene groups represented by A 1 O and A 2 O may be bonded together in any block or random manner.
In the formula [1], a, c and b, d are average added moles of oxyalkylene groups represented by A 1 O and A 2 O, respectively, and a + b + c + d is 1 to 300. If a + b + c + d exceeds 300, the resulting compound has a high viscosity, which makes it difficult to produce. Further, a + c: b + d = 99: 1 to 2: 8, preferably a + c: b + d = 99: 1 to 3: 7. When a + c: b + d is more than 99: 1, the effect of the present invention cannot be obtained. When a + c: b + d is less than 2: 8, a + c is not preferable because the resulting compound is difficult to dissolve in water. Also, l + m = 2-8. Moreover, as a weight average molecular weight of the polyoxyalkylene derivative shown by Formula [1], 100-50,000 are preferable, More preferably, it is 500-20,000.
The clouding point of 1% aqueous solution of the polyoxyalkylene derivative represented by the general formula [1], which is an essential component of the present invention, is 40 ° C. or higher. When the value of the 1% aqueous solution cloud point is lower than 40 ° C., the polyoxyalkylene derivative acts as an antifoaming agent or does not dissolve in water, and the effect of the present invention is obtained. This is because there is not.
The cement-based extrusion molding composition of the present invention contains a hydraulic substance as an essential component. As hydraulic materials, Portland cements such as ordinary, early strength, medium-ripening, belite, etc., mixed cements containing mineral powders such as blast furnace slag, fly ash, silica fume and limestone, alumina cements, etc. And gypsum.
The cement-based extrusion molding composition of the present invention contains an aggregate as an essential component. Examples of aggregates include river sand, cinnabar sand, meteorite powder, lightweight aggregate, wollastonite, mica, and pozzolana.
The cement-based extrusion molding composition of the present invention contains fibers as an essential component. Examples of the fibers include inorganic fibers such as glass fibers and carbon fibers, and pulp, waste paper, polyamide fibers, polyester fibers, polypropylene fibers, and organic fibers such as vinylon fibers.
The cement-based extrusion molding composition of the present invention contains an extrusion aid as an essential component. Extrusion aids include cellulose derivatives such as methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxyethylmethylcellulose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, water-soluble polymer compounds such as polyether urethane resins, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide and polyacrylamide. Is mentioned. Of these, cellulose derivatives and polyether urethane resins are preferable, and methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose are particularly preferable.
The extrusion aid is preferably added in an amount of 0.01 to 2.0% by weight, preferably 0.05 to 0.2% by weight, in 100% by weight of a composition comprising a hydraulic substance, aggregate, extrusion aid and fiber. More preferably.
The amount of the polyoxyalkylene derivative based on 100% by weight of the blend is 0.01 to 2.0% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 0.5% by weight, more preferably 0.00%. 05 to 0.2% by weight. If the amount of the polyoxyalkylene derivative is less than this range, the effect of the present invention cannot be obtained. If the amount exceeds this range, the viscosity of the extrusion aid such as methylcellulose is lost, and the product after extrusion is likely to be cracked. It is not preferable.
The amount of water with respect to 100% by weight of the blend is 15 to 45% by weight. When the polyoxyalkylene derivative is used in the cement-based extrusion molding composition, if the amount of water is reduced to 45% by weight or less by an external ratio, the raw material is remarkably reduced in size, and the amount of swelling of the molded body is reduced. It has been found that the bending strength of the molded body is improved. From this viewpoint, the amount of water is preferably 43% by weight or less, more preferably 40% by weight or less, most preferably 30% by weight or less, and most preferably 25% by weight or less. When the amount of water is less than 15% by weight, the load during kneading of the extrusion molding composition is increased, which is not preferable.
In a preferred embodiment, the hydraulic substance, aggregate, fiber and extrusion aid are first mixed, then a portion of the water is added and mixed into a kneaded state before the polyoxyalkylene derivative and the water are mixed. Add the remainder of. When the hydraulic substance, aggregate, fiber and extrusion aid are first mixed, then a portion of the water is added and mixed, and after kneading, the polyoxyalkylene derivative and the remainder of the water are added. Water is added when the hard substance, aggregate, fiber, and extrusion aid are uniformly mixed, and the polyoxyalkylene derivative is added when the material is uniformly mixed. As a result, the particle size of the material becomes uniform and is easy to mix, which is preferable. The “kneaded state” after adding and mixing a part of water indicates a state in which water almost spreads over the surface of the material obtained by dry mixing the hydraulic substance, aggregate, fiber and extrusion aid. When a hydraulic substance, aggregate, fiber, extrusion aid, water, and polyoxyalkylene derivative are added simultaneously, poor dispersion of materials, particularly fibers, tends to occur and tends to be mixed unevenly.
In this embodiment, it is preferable to use 0.1 to 99.9% by weight of the water to be used as a part of the water initially mixed with the hydraulic substance, aggregate, fiber and extrusion aid. 50 to 99.9% by weight is more preferable, and 90 to 99.9% by weight is more preferable. Moreover, it is preferable to use 0.1 to 99.9% by weight of water to be used as a part of the water to be added later together with the polyoxyalkylene derivative, and it is more preferable to use 0.1 to 50% by weight. More preferably, 0.1 to 10% by weight is used.

以下に、実施例を挙げて本発明を説明する。
(各製品の製造)
使用した配合組成1、2は表1に示す通りである。具体的な材料名は、水硬性原料として普通ポルトランドセメント(三菱マテリアル社製)、骨材として珪石粉末(ブレーン3800±400cm/g、藤坂砕石工業社製)および川砂(粗粒率1.2、茨城県鹿島産)または軽量骨材(平均粒径0.6mm以下、宇部パーライト社製)、パルプとして新聞残紙粉砕パルプ(15メッシュ全通、王子製紙社製)、メチルセルロースとしてヒドロキシエチルメチルセルロース(SNB−60T、信越化学社製)である。

Figure 2005003055
各配合100重量%に対して、表2、表3、表4に示す各ポリオキシアルキレン誘導体及び水を、表2〜4に示す割合で外割添加したものを材料とする。
ポリオキシアルキレン誘導体及び水を除いた上記材料を、アイリッヒミキサーにより2分間均一に混合後、必要な水量の90重量%を外割で添加して5分間均一に混合する。その後、連続してポリオキシアルキレン誘導体及び残りの水(必要水量の10重量%)を外割で添加して2分間混合し、セメント組成物を得る。各組成物を、厚さ60mm、幅600mmのダイスを取り付けた押出成形機により押出成形し、60℃×8時間の条件で湿潤養生を行い、その後10kg/cm×6時間の条件でオートクレーブ養生を行った後、長さ3000mmに切断したものを製品とした。
各製品について、アイリッヒミキサー混合時の電流値、混合後の材料粒径、押出し速度、押出成型時のダイス吐出時の幅膨れ量、押出成型時の表面状態、製品の直線性、曲げ強度及びかさ比重を測定した。測定結果を表2〜表4に示す。
(材料小粒化の評価基準)
「◎」 粒径最大値<20mm:
「○」 材料粒径の大部分は50mm以下だが、一部50mm以上もある:
「△」 材料粒径50mm以上、100mm以下程度:
「×」 粒径最大値>100mm
(外観の評価基準)
厚みの誤差=Δtとした場合、
Figure 2005003055
(直線性の評価基準)
直線性の誤差=ΔLとした場合、
Figure 2005003055
Figure 2005003055
Figure 2005003055
Figure 2005003055
表2、表3、表4からわかるように、本発明のポリオキシアルキレン誘導体を所定量添加し、さらに水の量を外割りで45重量%以下とすることによって、原料の小粒化が図られ、押出し機へのスムーズな原料供給が可能になった。この結果、押出し速度が向上し、かつ押出し機スクリュー及びダイスへの圧力増大が低減され、ダイス吐出時の膨れ量及び製品直線性が向上する事が分かった。さらに、上記性能を満足させるために必要な適切な量のポリオキシアルキレン誘導体を添加する事による曲げ強度の低下は見られなかった。
例えば、表2に示すように、特定ポリオキシアルキレン誘導体の添加によって、原料が小粒化し、幅膨れ量が低下し、成形体の直線性が向上している。また、実施例2、3、4を比較すると、水を2回に分けて添加することによって、幅膨れ量は小さくなり、成形体の直線性が向上している。
例えば、表3、表4に示すように、特定ポリオキシアルキレン誘導体の添加によって、原料が小粒化し、幅膨れ量が低下し、成形体の直線性が向上している。また、実施例10〜14を比較すると、水を2回に分けて添加することによって、幅膨れ量は小さくなり、成形体の直線性が向上している。実施例10〜14と比較例2とを対比すると、水の添加量を45重量%以下とすることによって、原料が小粒化し、成形後の外観、直線性が向上する。実施例16、17、18と比較例3とを比較すると、特定ポリアルキレン誘導体の添加によって、原料が小粒化し、幅膨れ量が小さくなり、成形後の外観、直線性が向上している。さらに、実施例1〜8と実施例9〜18とを比較すると、水の添加量を低くすることによって、原料がいっそう小粒化し、幅膨れ量が小さくなり、成形体の曲げ強度が向上している。
図1に実施例4のミキサー電流値を示す。粉体原料に水を加えると、保水したセルロース誘導体が粘性を増すことで原料の増粒がはじまり、繊維は原料中に均一に分散し練り込まれる。この時、セルロース誘導体の量が多いほど、加える水の量が多いほど、原料粒子径は大きくなる。そのため、図1に示すように、繊維が充分練り込まれる程度の水を予め加え混合することで(A)、ミキサー電流値の上昇及び、振幅幅の減少を図り、その後設計水量の残りの水をポリオキシアルキレン誘導体と同時に加えることで(B)、繊維が均一に練り込まれた粒子径の小さい原料を得ることが出来る。
以上述べたように、本発明によれば、押出し成形用材料の混練時の負荷を低減し、押出成形用材料の混練後の材料粒径を小さくでき、成形品の膨れを低減できる。Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to examples.
(Manufacture of each product)
The composition compositions 1 and 2 used are as shown in Table 1. Specific material names are ordinary Portland cement (made by Mitsubishi Materials Corporation) as a hydraulic raw material, silica stone powder (Blaine 3800 ± 400 cm 2 / g, made by Fujisaka Crushed Stone Co., Ltd.) and river sand (coarse grain ratio 1.2). , From Kashima, Ibaraki Prefecture) or lightweight aggregate (average particle size of 0.6 mm or less, manufactured by Ube Perlite Co.), pulverized newspaper residual pulp (15 mesh, manufactured by Oji Paper Co., Ltd.) SNB-60T, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.).
Figure 2005003055
A material obtained by adding each polyoxyalkylene derivative and water shown in Table 2, Table 3, and Table 4 at a ratio shown in Tables 2 to 4 with respect to 100% by weight of each compound is used.
The above-mentioned material excluding the polyoxyalkylene derivative and water is uniformly mixed for 2 minutes by an Eirich mixer, and then 90% by weight of the required amount of water is added in an extra portion and mixed uniformly for 5 minutes. Thereafter, the polyoxyalkylene derivative and the remaining water (10% by weight of the required water amount) are continuously added in an external ratio and mixed for 2 minutes to obtain a cement composition. Each composition was extrusion-molded by an extruder equipped with a die having a thickness of 60 mm and a width of 600 mm, wet-cured under conditions of 60 ° C. × 8 hours, and then autoclaved under conditions of 10 kg / cm 2 × 6 hours. Then, the product was cut into a length of 3000 mm as a product.
For each product, the current value when mixing the Eirich mixer, the particle size after mixing, the extrusion speed, the amount of expansion when discharging the die during extrusion molding, the surface condition during extrusion molding, the linearity of the product, the bending strength and The bulk specific gravity was measured. The measurement results are shown in Tables 2 to 4.
(Evaluation criteria for material atomization)
“◎” Maximum particle size <20 mm:
“◯” The majority of the material particle size is 50 mm or less, but some are 50 mm or more:
“△” Material particle size of about 50 mm or more and 100 mm or less:
“×” Maximum particle size> 100 mm
(Evaluation criteria for appearance)
When thickness error = Δt,
Figure 2005003055
(Evaluation criteria for linearity)
When linearity error = ΔL,
Figure 2005003055
Figure 2005003055
Figure 2005003055
Figure 2005003055
As can be seen from Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4, the raw material can be made smaller by adding a predetermined amount of the polyoxyalkylene derivative of the present invention and further reducing the amount of water to 45% by weight or less. Smooth raw material supply to the extruder is now possible. As a result, it has been found that the extrusion speed is improved, the pressure increase on the extruder screw and the die is reduced, and the swollen amount and product linearity at the time of discharging the die are improved. Furthermore, the bending strength was not lowered by adding an appropriate amount of the polyoxyalkylene derivative necessary for satisfying the above performance.
For example, as shown in Table 2, by adding a specific polyoxyalkylene derivative, the raw material is reduced in size, the amount of width expansion is reduced, and the linearity of the molded body is improved. In addition, when Examples 2, 3, and 4 are compared, the amount of swollen width is reduced by adding water in two portions, and the linearity of the molded body is improved.
For example, as shown in Tables 3 and 4, by adding the specific polyoxyalkylene derivative, the raw material is reduced in size, the amount of swelling is reduced, and the linearity of the molded body is improved. Moreover, when Examples 10-14 are compared, by adding water in two portions, the amount of expansion of the width is reduced, and the linearity of the molded body is improved. When Examples 10 to 14 and Comparative Example 2 are compared, the amount of water added is 45% by weight or less, whereby the raw material is reduced in size and the appearance and linearity after molding are improved. When Examples 16, 17, and 18 are compared with Comparative Example 3, the addition of the specific polyalkylene derivative reduces the size of the raw material, reduces the amount of expansion, and improves the appearance and linearity after molding. Furthermore, when Examples 1-8 are compared with Examples 9-18, by reducing the amount of water added, the raw material is further granulated, the amount of width expansion is reduced, and the bending strength of the molded body is improved. Yes.
FIG. 1 shows the mixer current value of Example 4. When water is added to the powder raw material, the retained cellulose derivative increases in viscosity, whereby the raw material starts to increase in size and the fibers are uniformly dispersed and kneaded in the raw material. At this time, the larger the amount of cellulose derivative and the greater the amount of water added, the larger the raw material particle size. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, by adding and mixing water in such a degree that the fibers are sufficiently kneaded in advance (A), the mixer current value is increased and the amplitude width is reduced, and then the remaining water of the design water amount Can be obtained simultaneously with the polyoxyalkylene derivative (B), whereby a raw material having a small particle diameter in which fibers are uniformly kneaded can be obtained.
As described above, according to the present invention, the load during kneading of the extrusion molding material can be reduced, the material particle size after kneading of the extrusion molding material can be reduced, and the swelling of the molded product can be reduced.

Claims (5)

水硬性物質、骨材、押出助剤および繊維からなる配合物100重量%に水を外割で15〜45重量%、および下記一般式〔1〕で表されるポリオキシアルキレン誘導体であり、かつ1%水溶液曇点が40℃以上であるポリオキシアルキレン誘導体を外割で0.01〜2.0重量%添加することを特徴とするセメント系押出成形用組成物。
Figure 2005003055
(ただし、Zは2〜8個の水酸基を含有する化合物の残基、R、Rは水素原子、炭素数1〜18の炭化水素基であり、AOは炭素数2のオキシアルキレン基であり、AOは炭素数3〜8のオキシアルキレン基であり、AO、AOのオキシアルキレン基はランダム状でもブロック状でもよく、a+b+c+dは1〜300であり、a+c:b+d=99:1〜2:8であり、l+m=2〜8である。)
A polyoxyalkylene derivative represented by the following general formula [1], wherein water is externally divided into 100% by weight of a composition comprising a hydraulic substance, an aggregate, an extrusion aid and fibers, and water: A composition for extrusion molding of cement, characterized by adding 0.01 to 2.0% by weight of a polyoxyalkylene derivative having a cloud point of 1% aqueous solution of 40 ° C. or higher.
Figure 2005003055
(However, Z is a residue of a compound containing 2 to 8 hydroxyl groups, R 1 and R 2 are a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and A 1 O is an oxyalkylene having 2 carbon atoms. A 2 O is an oxyalkylene group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, the oxyalkylene group of A 1 O and A 2 O may be random or block, a + b + c + d is 1 to 300, and a + c: (b + d = 99: 1 to 2: 8, and l + m = 2 to 8)
一般式〔1〕で表されるポリオキシアルキレン誘導体において、Zが2個の水酸基を含有する化合物の残基であり、R、Rの炭素数の和が1〜8であり、AOが炭素数3〜4のオキシアルキレン基であり、l=1、m=1であることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の組成物。In the polyoxyalkylene derivative represented by the general formula [1], Z is a residue of a compound containing two hydroxyl groups, the sum of the carbon numbers of R 1 and R 2 is 1 to 8, and A 2 The composition according to claim 1, wherein O is an oxyalkylene group having 3 to 4 carbon atoms, wherein l = 1 and m = 1. 前記配合物100重量%に加える水の量が外割で25重量%以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2記載の組成物。The composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount of water added to 100% by weight of the formulation is not more than 25% by weight. 前記水硬性物質、前記骨材、前記押出助剤および前記繊維を最初に混合し、次いで水の一部を添加して混練状態にした後、前記ポリオキシアルキレン誘導体および水の残部を添加したことを特徴とする、請求頂1〜3のいずれか一つの請求項に記載の組成物。The hydraulic substance, the aggregate, the extrusion aid, and the fiber are first mixed, then a part of water is added to form a kneaded state, and then the polyoxyalkylene derivative and the remainder of the water are added. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: 請求項1〜4のいずれか一つの請求項に記載の組成物の押出成形物を硬化させてなるセメント製品。A cement product obtained by curing an extruded product of the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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