JPS6318759B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides an electronic device in which a piece of music stored in a memory in advance is read out by operating at least some of the keys, and at this time, the timbre of the output musical sound is also controlled by the key operation. Regarding musical instruments.

When playing an electronic keyboard instrument, the right hand usually plays the melody and the left hand plays the accompaniment, each with a different rhythm pattern, making it difficult for beginners to play.

Therefore, various ideas have been proposed to memorize melodies or accompaniments in advance and read them out and play them, but at that time, the tone of the musical tones read out and output is single, which is too monotonous and uninteresting. It was nothing.

Recently, in order to solve this problem, different timbre information is assigned to each divided key group, and when a specific key in the key group is operated, the pitch stored in advance in the storage means is changed. An electronic musical instrument has been proposed in which a musical tone with a pitch corresponding to a chord is generated with a tone based on tone information assigned to a group of keys belonging to that key (for example,
(Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 109394/1983).

However, in the case of such electronic musical instruments, if keys are pressed sequentially from a high-pitched key to a low-pitched key, or conversely, from a low-pitched key to a high-pitched key, the split It does not have a structure in which the timbre contents assigned to each key group are changed in stages. Therefore, when sequentially reading out a musical tone of a predetermined pitch by pressing the keys, it is necessary to check the arrangement position of the keys to determine which key to press to generate the musical tone and the content of the tone. By this,
It is something that cannot be clearly grasped.

The present invention was developed in view of the above-mentioned problems, and it is possible to sequentially read musical tones of a predetermined pitch by pressing a key. To provide an electronic musical instrument with which it is possible to surely grasp the content of tone color corresponding to an operated key.

Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. FIG. 1 is an external perspective view of the electronic musical instrument main body in this embodiment, and 1 in the figure.
is a keyboard having four octaves (“C ₂ ” to “B ₅ ”) of keys. The keyboard 1 is functionally divided, as will become clear from the description below, and some of the keys are used as keys for instructing the reading of stored music pieces. For 2a, choose whether to use keyboard 1 normally or set the function division position.
This is a switch that specifies whether the played information is written into memory, or whether the information is read out and used in separate functions for playing. In addition, 3 is an external operation switch such as a power switch and a volume control, and 4
is a speaker.

Next, the circuit configuration of this embodiment will be explained with reference to FIG. The circuit configuration shown in Figure 2 is roughly divided into five blocks and a circuit that connects each of these blocks, each of which is composed of, for example, one LSI (large scale integrated circuit) or hybrid IC. has been done. That is, 1
0 is a key input section operated by each key of the keyboard 1; 20 is a musical tone generating section composed of a circuit for creating and outputting musical tones, a circuit for controlling key input, etc.;
30 is a memory 31 in which scale codes are set in advance.
40 is a control section that instructs writing or reading from the memory section 30, and 50 is an acoustic conversion section.

Each of these blocks 10 to 50 and their connection circuits will be described in detail below.

As mentioned above, the musical tone generating section 20 is provided with a 4-bit note counter 21 and a 2-bit block counter 22 for scanning the keyboard 1 and detecting pressed keys, and the first stage of the note counter 21 has a scanning counter. A clock φA is applied for this purpose. The note counter 21 sends the count contents to the note decoder 23, and the note decoder 23 outputs the count value of the note counter 21 from "0" to
Corresponds to 12 sounds from “C” to “B” depending on “11”
A "1" signal is output to each of the 12 lines 23a to 23l at different timings, and keys having the same pitch name in each octave of the key input section 10 are scanned. Further, an output is obtained on the line 23l of the note decoder 23 when the count value of the note counter 21 reaches "11", and this output is output from the AND gate 21a.
The reset signal is supplied to the note counter 21 via the reset signal. That is, since the clock φA is applied to the AND gate 21a, when the count value of the note counter 21 reaches "11", it is reset by the next input clock φA.
The output of the line 23l is applied to the AND gate 22a, and is supplied to the block counter 22 as a counting clock at the timing of the output of the clock φA. This block counter 22
is counted according to the above-mentioned counting clock, and its count output is sent to the block decoder 2.
Sent on 4th. The block decoder 24 outputs a "1" signal to the lines 24a to 24d at different timings in accordance with the count values "0" to "3" of the block counter 22, and these lines 24a
The signals outputted to ~24d are output to AND gates 25a~25d and 25e~ as octave detection signals.
25h, respectively. AND GATE 25a~
The outputs of 25d, 25e to 25h are OR gate 2
It has a serial-parallel conversion function via 6a and 26b, and corresponds to the number of keys in the key input unit 10.
Shift registers 27a, 2 with a capacity of bits
7b respectively. This shift register 27
a and 27b have a unique bit position for each key in the key input unit 10 and store information about the key, and their parallel output is a buffer consisting of 48 bits, which has the same capacity as the shift register 27. It is applied to 28a and 28b. Batsuhua 28
a and 28b are shift registers 27a and 28b that are used when scanning of all keys in the key input unit 10 is completed.
7b, and the signal output to line 23l of note decoder 23 and line 24d of block decoder 24 is applied as a read signal, and the output of AND gate 28c to which clock φA is applied is supplied. ing. The outputs of the buffers 28a and 28b are sent to a musical tone generating circuit 29 that generates musical tone signals, and the musical tone generating circuit 29 digitally generates various musical tones in accordance with the pitches of the operated keys.

This musical tone creation circuit 29 includes buffers 28a, 2
8b, the circuit for the buffer 28a is 29a, and the circuit for the buffer 28b is 29b.
shall be. Note that these two systems of musical tone signals may be obtained by driving one musical tone generating circuit in a time-divisional manner. Of the musical tone signals converted into analog signals and output by the digital-to-analog converter in the musical tone generating circuit 29, the output of the circuit 29a is directly sent to the amplifier 51 in the acoustic conversion section 50, and the output of the circuit 29b is is a voltage controlled filter (VCF)
52 and a timbre control signal E (described later) supplied from the control unit 40 is analog-converted by the digital-to-analog converter 53, and the cutoff frequency is determined and filtered. The signal is applied to the amplifier 51. Note that the voltage-controlled filter 52 is configured as, for example, a low-pass filter. A signal for adjusting the opening degree of the voltage-controlled filter 52 is also sent from the circuit 29b.
CONT is output so that there is no change in tone depending on the sound frequency. The musical tone signal is amplified by an amplifier 51 and then outputted by a speaker 4.

The operation output of the external operation switch 3 is applied to the musical tone generation circuit 29, and the musical tone generation circuit 29 generates a predetermined musical tone signal according to the outputs of the buffers 28a and 28b and the operation output of the external operation switch 3. It is.

On the other hand, the key input section 10 has a structure in which a diode 12 and a switch 13 interlocked with each key of the keyboard 1 are provided at the intersection of the row line and the column line, as shown in detail by a circle 11. The 48 switches for 4 octaves are arranged in a matrix of 4 rows and 12 columns. That is, each column line of the key input section 10 corresponds to lines 23a to 2 of the note decoder 23.
3l, and on this column line there are keys with the same note name but different octaves, and in the same row, each key is "C".
~Keys corresponding to the 12 notes of "B" are connected,
From the key input unit 10, key operation outputs can be obtained on each line 10a to 10d at the timing of each note name.

Thus, the key operation signals outputted to lines 10a-10d are applied to AND gates 61a-61d, respectively, and the outputs of these AND gates 61a-61d are applied to AND gates 25a-25d, respectively.

Further, the key operation signals outputted to the lines 10a to 10d are also input to the memory section 30 and supplied to the memory 31 via the AND gates 31a to 31d. Furthermore, this memory 31 has a line 23.
Note codes to be output to a to 23l are input.

The data read from the memory 31 is outputted via the AND gates 31e to 31h, and input to the AND gates 25e to 25h, respectively. Note that the AND gates 31a to 31d, 3
Opening/closing of each of 1e to 31h is controlled by control signals C and B output from the control section 40. Also,
A read/write R/W control signal C for the memory 31 and a signal D for incrementing the address of the memory 31 during writing and reading are applied from the control unit 40.

On the other hand, the control unit 40 operates the switch 2a shown in FIG.
output, lines 10a to 10d of the key input section 10
and clock φA, and outputs control signals B to D for the memory section 30, opening/closing control signal A for AND gates 61a to 61d, and timbre control signal E for voltage controlled filter 52. Details are shown in Figure 3. Note that the input/output terminals in the detailed view shown in FIG. 3 do not coincide in position with those shown in FIG. 2.

That is, in FIG. 3, 401 and 402 are the note counter 21 and block counter 2 shown in FIG.
Counter 40 is a counter that operates in synchronization with Counter 2.
A clock signal φA, which is the same as the clock signal input to the note counter 21, is applied to the first stage of the note counter 21. The counter 401 is reset by the output of the AND gate 401a, which is supplied with the signal output to the line 403 when the counter 401 counts "11" and the clock signal φA. The signal output from the counter 402 is applied as a counting clock to the counter 402. The output of the counter 402 is input to the key-on detection circuit 404, and the key operation signals output to the lines 10a to 10d of the key input section 10 are input to the AND gates 25a to 25d, 25.
Similar to e to 25h, the octave is selected and output, and the output is output via the OR gate 405.

Therefore, the output of this OR gate 405 is directly connected to the AND gates 406 and 407, and the inverter 40
8 to the AND gate 409. The output of a shift register 410 with a 48-bit capacity is applied to this AND gate 406 via an inverter 411, and then connected to AND gates 407 and 40.
9 is directly supplied with the output of the shift register 410. That is, these AND gates 406,
407 and 409 each output a "1" signal at the timing of the key when a new key operation is performed, when the key operation is continued, and when the key operation is stopped. The above AND gate 406,
The output of 407 is applied to the shift register 410 via an OR gate 412. Further, the output of the AND gate 406 is applied to the AND gate 413 together with the output of the division instruction contact of the switch 2a, and the output of the AND gate 413 is applied to the memory 4 which stores the contents of the counters 401 and 402.
14,415 as a read command. That is, the memories 414 and 415 read the contents of the counters 401 and 402, which operate in synchronization with the note counter 21 and the block counter 22, based on the position of the operated key when the switch 2a is in the division instruction position. Therefore, it is stored as a note code and a block code. Then, the output is applied to the exclusive OR gates 416a to 416f together with the outputs of the counters 401 and 402, and when the contents of all 6 bits match, the NOR gate 41
The output of R-S flip-flop 418 is set to "1" and a set signal is applied to set terminal S of R-S flip-flop 418. Further, the reset terminal R is connected to the outputs of exclusive OR gates 416a to 416d and this R-
The output of a NOR gate 417b to which the reset side output of the S flip-flop is applied is supplied.
It should be noted that this flip-flop 418 has priority on the set side. Thus, this flip-flop 418 sets its logic state to "1" during key scanning of one octave on the treble side including the instruction key that instructed the function division of keyboard 1, and during key scanning other than that, Its logical state is “0”
That is.

The set side output Q of this R-S flip-flop 418 is applied to AND gates 419 and 420. This AND gate 419 further includes:
The output of the AND gate 406 is applied, the output of the AND gate 409 is applied to the AND gate 420, and the AND gates 419, 42
The output of 0 is applied to the set terminal S and reset terminal R of the R-S flip-flop 421, respectively.
The logic state of the flip-flop 421 is set to "1" while any one of the functionally divided keys of one octave of the keyboard 1 is operated.

The set side output Q of this flip-flop 421
is applied to the AND gate 422, and the memory 3 of the switch 2a is applied to the AND gate 422.
An output from a contact specifying readout from 1 is given, and the output is applied as the control signal B to the AND gates 31e to 31h.

Further, the OR gate 424 to which the output of the contact for specifying normal performance and the output of the contact for specifying writing to the memory 31 of the switch 2a is applied,
Furthermore, the output of an AND gate 423 to which the output of the contact specifying readout from the memory 31 of the switch 2a and the reset side output of the R-S flip-flop 418 are applied is supplied, and the output of this OR gate 424 is supplied with the control signal A. is given to AND gates 61a to 61d.

Further, as the control signal C, the output of the contact point of the switch 2a that designates writing to the memory 31 is directly supplied to the AND gates 31a to 31d.

Furthermore, the control signal D for incrementing the memory 31 is generated by the output of the contact specifying readout of the switch 2a, the output of the AND gate 425 to which the output of the AND gate 419 is applied, and the output of the switch 2a. The output of the contact specifying writing and the output of the AND gate 426 to which the output of the AND gate 406 is applied are signals outputted via the OR gate 427, respectively.

In this way, the control unit 40 outputs the control signals A to
In addition to creating and outputting the timbre control signal E
is output. That is, the signal output via line 428 when its own data becomes "11" is applied to AND gate 428a together with clock φA, and its output signal is applied to NOR gate 417a.
The output of a 4-bit counter 429, which is reset by being applied together with the output of The output of the data latched in the latch 430 is sent as a timbre control signal E to the voltage-controlled filter 52 via the digital-to-analog converter 53 in the acoustic converter 50.
supplied to In this way, the timbre control signal E is
This is 4-bit data that changes in 12 steps from "0" to "11." For example, as the data increases, the cutoff frequency increases and harmonic components are emphasized, and conversely, as the data decreases, the cutoff frequency increases. The sound becomes low, dark and muffled.

Next, in the above configuration, for example, the highest octave of the four octave keys, that is, C ₅
A case will be described in which the function of the key _B5 is set for reading and playing melody tones, and the contents of the memory 31 are read and played.

First, in order to specify the separation position, switch 2a
Set to the specified dividing position and operate the "C ₅ " key. Due to this key operation of "C ₅ ", an operation output is obtained on the line 10d of the key input section 10 at the timing of "C", and is inputted to the key-on detection circuit 404 of the control section 40. Then, in the key-on detection circuit 404, when the content of the counter 402 becomes "3", "1" is input to a predetermined line of the OR circuit 405.
Output a signal. As a result, and gate 406
A “1” signal is output from the AND gate 413.
When the output of the memory 41 becomes “1”, the memory 41
4,415, the contents of the counters 401, 402 are read. Therefore, during key scanning, the NOR gate 417a always outputs a "1" signal at the timing " _C5 ", and the R-S flip-flop 418 is set, and the timing " _C2 "(" _C3 ", "C ₄ " is the same), Noah Gate 417
A reset signal is applied to the R-S flip-flop 418 from the terminal b.

Next, the case where a melody score is stored and set in the memory 31 will be explained. First, the switch 2a is set to a position specifying writing to the memory 31, and the pitch code is written to the memory 31 by operating the keyboard 1. At this time, the memory 31 is an AND gate 31a.
By sending out the open signal of ~31d, it is in a writable state. So, in order to memorize the first note, for example, "G ₄ ", when you operate the "G ₄ " key on keyboard 1, the operation signal is obtained on line 10c at the note timing "G", and the AND gate 31c The signal is applied to the memory 31 via. At this time, the signal output to _{the line 10c is output from the OR gate 405 at a timing specific to "G 4 "} , and until then the AND gate is A “1” output is obtained from 406. Therefore, the AND gate 426 satisfies its logical condition, and the increment signal D is applied to the memory 31 as a read command via the OR gate 427. This causes the memory 31 to
The note codes output to a to 28l and the block codes output from AND gates 31a to 31d are read and stored. Note that the memory 31 counts the number of times the "B" chord is output in the note codes output to the lines 23a to 23l, and the codes input while scanning all the keys from C ₂ to _{B 5} are They are memorized as chords that should be pronounced at the same time, but now only the "G ₄ " chord is memorized.
Then, for example, when the user operates the key "B ₄ ", this "B ₄ " is stored by the same operation as described above. According to the melody score below, for example, "D ₅ "
By sequentially operating "B ₄ ", "D ₅ ", "E ₅ ", etc., a desired melody pattern is stored and set in the memory 31.

Next, a case will be described in which the melody score stored and set in this manner is read out and played with the right hand while considering only its rhythm pattern, and the accompaniment score is played with the left hand. In this case, the switch 2a is set to the designated reading position. With this setting and the above-mentioned key separation designation, at the key timings "C ₅ " to "B ₅ ", the R-S flip-flop 418
The set side output Q of becomes “1”, and “C ₂ ” ~
At the key timing of "B ₄ ", the reset side output becomes "1". Therefore, first, with your right hand, "C ₅ " ~
When a desired key of "B ₅ " is operated, the operation output is the OR gate 40 at the timing of the key.
5 and is output from shift register 410 until then.
Since the “1” signal is not stored in the “1” signal, the AND gate 406 outputs the “1” signal. As a result, the logic condition of AND gate 419 is satisfied, and R-S
Flip-flop 421 is set, so that AND gate 31 is connected via AND gate 422.
“1” as opening/closing control signal B for e to 31h
A signal is sent out. At the same time, and gate 425
When the logical condition is satisfied, the increment signal D is applied to the memory 31 via the OR gate 427. Based on this instruction, the memory 31 compares the note code output to the lines 23a to 23l of the note decoder 23 with the note code stored and set in advance, and if a match is detected, the memory 31 reads the note code according to the block code written in advance. Outputs a “1” signal to the line. In this case, the pitch stored first is "G ₄ ", so when the note code "G" is output to lines 23a to 23l, an output is obtained from the memory 31, and the AND gate Applied to 25g. The AND gate 25g outputs a "1" signal when the count value of the block counter 22 reaches "2".
Shift register 27b via OR gate 26b
, and then shifted sequentially. However, when there is an output from the AND gate 28c,
In other words, the signal input to the shift register 27b when all keys of the key input section 10 have been scanned is written to the buffer 28b,
creates a musical tone with a pitch of “G ₄ ” according to the data read into the buffer 28b, and the volume control circuit 52
to be applied.

On the other hand, since a “1” signal is output from the Noah gate 417a at the timing of the key “C ₅ ”, the counter 4
29 is reset at that point, "C ₅₊ ", "D ₅ ",
..., "B ₅ ", the contents change sequentially to "1", "2", ..., "11". and,
When any of the keys "C ₅ " to "B ₅ " is operated with the right hand, a "1" signal is output from the AND gate 419, and as a result, the AND gate 425 is opened and the latch is opened. The contents of counter 429 are latched at 430.

For this purpose, the latched contents are sent as the timbre control signal E to the voltage controlled filter 52 via the digital-to-analog converter 53.

The voltage-controlled filter 52 filters the musical tone “G ₄ ” outputted from the musical tone creation circuit 29 as described above at a cutoff frequency according to the tone control signal E, and then applies it to the amplifier 51 and outputs it from the speaker 4. It makes a sound.

Then, when you stop pressing the keys "C ₅ " to "B ₅ " that were being operated, the AND gate 409
When the key is released, a "1" signal is output, and as a result, a reset signal is applied to the R-S flip-flop 421 via the AND gate 420. Therefore, the control signal B that was being output from the AND gate 422 is no longer output, and the output of "C ₄ " is stopped.

Next, the second melody tone "B ₄ " is read out from the memory 31 by the same operation as described above, and is emitted with a tone corresponding to the operated key.

Then, the next melody tone "D ₅ " is read out from the memory 31 and played by operating any desired key among the keys "C ₅ " to "B ₅ " in the same manner as described above. Operate key "G ₂ ". By this operation, the operation output is obtained on the line 10a of the key input section 10, and at that timing, the R-S flip-flop 418 is in the reset state as described above, so the logic condition of the AND gate 423 is satisfied, and the AND gate 61a to 61d will be opened. Therefore, the key operation output is sent to the AND gate 25 via the AND gate 61a.
applied to a. Since the octave detection signal is applied to the AND gate 25a from the block decoder 24 via the line 24a, this line 2
When 4a is selected, that is, block counter 2
When the count value of 2 becomes 0, the operation signal of ``G ₂ '' is output to the AND gate 25a and the OR gate 26.
The data is written to the shift register 27a via the signal a, and thereafter shifted sequentially. Thus, when an output is received from the AND gate 28c, the signal input to the shift register 27a is read into the buffer 28a, and the musical tone creation circuit 29 generates "G ₂ " according to the data read into the buffer 28a. A musical tone of pitch is created and given to an amplifier 51.

At the same time, the musical tone “D ₅ ” created by the musical tone creating circuit 29 according to the data read out from the memory 31
is connected to the amplifier 51 via the voltage controlled filter 52.
and the two tones “G ₂ ” and “D ₅ ” are output from speaker 4.
pronounced through.

Below, the left hand plays the accompaniment shown on the accompaniment score, and the right hand plays the accompaniment shown on the accompaniment score.
By playing any desired key of C ₅ to _{B 5} in the corresponding rhythm pattern, the musical tone generation circuit 29 generates musical tones with pitches corresponding to the musical scores, and the voltage-controlled filter 52 After timbre control is performed on the melody sound, the melody sound is produced through the speaker 4.

In the above embodiment, a melody score is written in the memory 31, and it is read out and played. However, it is also possible to write an accompaniment score in the memory 31, read it out, and play it. In this case, for example, The keys with pitches "C ₂ " to "B ₂ " are read out and divided into functions for performance, and according to the rhythm pattern, the keys are read out and played by selecting and operating so as to emit sound in the desired tone, and at the same time, the keys are read out and played with the right hand. All you have to do is play the melody according to the melody score. The operation in that case is substantially the same as the operation described above, so the explanation will be omitted.

In addition, in the above embodiment, the division position of the keyboard 1 can be specified at any position, but it may be fixed at a predetermined position, such as reading out and playing "C ₂ " to "B ₂ ". Further, in the above embodiment, an octave key is used as the key for reading performance, and the cutoff frequency is increased in the order of the pitches, and a low-pass filter is applied. The number of keys for use is not limited to the above embodiment, but can be a predetermined plurality of keys, and the filter can also be a high-pass filter in addition to a low-pass filter, and can be used not only as a voltage-controlled filter but also as a digital filter. You can also use

In addition, in the above embodiment, one memory 31 is provided in the memory section 30 to read out and play either the melody or the accompaniment, but two memories are provided to store and set both the melody and the accompaniment. At the same time, it is also possible to read out and play both of them using two groups of keys whose functions are divided, and at the same time to control the sound to be emitted with a tone corresponding to the key arrangement of the two groups of keys. be.

Furthermore, there is also a method for storing pitch information in memory.
In addition to a keyboard, various means such as a magnetic card, magnetic tape, and barcode reader can be used.

As explained in detail above, according to the present invention, between the treble-side key position and the bass-side key position in at least some of the many keys of the keyboard, from one key position to It has a timbre change applying means for changing the timbre content stepwise toward the other key position, and the tone color content changed by the timbre change applying means is sequentially read out from the storage means by the pitch information read control means. Since the musical tone generating means generates a musical tone with a pitch according to the pitch information that has been input, when attempting to sequentially read out each piece of pitch information stored in the storage means by pressing a key, While looking at the key arrangement position, you can determine which key to press and what kind of tone it will produce.
It is possible to reliably know whether or not a musical tone having a pitch corresponding to the pitch information is generated by the musical tone generating means. Therefore, it is possible to achieve musically varied performance effects.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The accompanying drawings show one embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the external appearance of the main body of an electronic musical instrument, FIG. 2 is a circuit block diagram, and FIG. 3 is a detailed view of the control section of FIG. 2. 1...Keyboard, 2a...Switch, 20...Musical sound generation section, 30...Memory section, 31...Memory, 4
0...Control unit, 52...Voltage controlled filter, 4
18...R-S flip-flop, 429...counter, 430...latch.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A storage means in which pitch information of a large number of musical tones constituting a musical piece is continuously stored in advance; a keyboard having a large number of keys arranged in the order of scale notes; pitch instruction setting means for setting at least some of the keys so that they can be used as pitch instruction keys for instructing reading of pitch information stored in the storage means; , With the pitch instruction setting means setting at least some of the key groups as pitch instruction keys, the keys belonging to at least some of the key groups are sequentially pressed. pitch information readout control means for sequentially reading and controlling pitch information stored in the storage means for each key press operation; Between the key position and the bass side key position, there is provided a timbre change imparting means for changing the timbre content stepwise from one key position toward the other key position, and the pitch information readout control means sequentially changes the timbre content from one key position to the other key position. An electronic musical instrument comprising: a musical tone generating means for generating a musical tone having a pitch according to the read pitch information with tone color content changed by the tone color change imparting means. 2. The timbre change imparting means comprises one filter means whose characteristics are variably controlled in accordance with the key array positions of at least some of the keys. electronic musical instrument.