JPS63156711A - Hair cosmetic - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a hair cosmetic capable to imparting high gloss to the hair without giving dry and loose hair, by using a specific quaternary ammonium salt, a specific phosphoric acid ester and a specific branched oil component as essential components as essential components. CONSTITUTION:A hair cosmetic having the above effects can be produced by using (A) one or more compounds of formula I (R1 is 8-22C straight or branched-chain alkyl, alkenyl or hydroxyalkyl; R2-R4 are CH3, C2H5, benzyl, etc.; X<-> is anion), (B) one or more compounds of formula II (R5 is 10-22C straight-chain alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or alkenyl; Y is group of formula III or Z; R6 is H or CH3; Z is H, alkali metal, alkyl-substituted ammonium, etc.; lis integer of 1-8) and (C) one or more branched oil components selected from 8-24C branched-chain primary alcohol, 8-24C branched-chain fatty acid 2-24C fatty acid ester of a 6-24C branched-chain primary alcohol, etc., as essential components and compounding the components preferably in an amount of 0.05-10wt% component A at a molar ratio (B/A) of 0.5-1.5.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field] The present invention relates to improvements in hair cosmetics.

[Prior Art and Problems] Normally, hair is covered with sebum secreted from earthquakes, but when hair is washed with soap or synthetic detergent, the sebum is removed unnecessarily. As a result, the hair after washing loses its smoothness and feels dry and hard, making it difficult to comb through the hair and causing split ends. Therefore, for the purpose of solving the inconveniences associated with the removal of sebum, typical hair cosmetics used as hair treatment materials after hair washing include dialkyldimethylammonium chloride, alkyltrimethylammonium chloride, etc. The main active ingredient is quaternary ammonium salt.

In this case, it prevents hair creases and tangles after washing, etc.
In order to improve the finish in the dry state, the above ammonium salt must be adsorbed or attached to the hair. However, conventional hair cosmetics have been unsatisfactory due to problems in the release and adsorption properties of diammonium salts, regardless of the form in which they are used. In particular, in recent years, due to the widespread use of permanent waves, hair color, hot color, hair dryers, etc., hair is becoming more susceptible to damage and losing its youthful luster. desired. However, hair cosmetics containing the above-mentioned quaternary ammonium salts and oils such as higher alcohols have the disadvantage that they hardly exhibit any gloss imparting effect.

In the past, various studies have already been carried out to impart luster to hair, and representative examples include those that incorporate silicone oil (French Patent No. 1,504,102, JP-A-52-66638, JP-A-Sho. 55-12471.1
No., JP-A-56-86113, JP-A-56-9280
8, etc.), those that form a film on the hair (US Pat. No. 3,820,550, German Patent No. 200),
3487 specification), those containing protein derivatives (
JP-A-56-104809, JP-A-56-34613
Publications, etc.). However, none of these compositions has a sufficient gloss imparting effect. On the other hand, the present inventors have already discovered that the combination of a specific mono-long chain type quaternary ammonium salt and an alkyl ether type phosphoric acid ester to which a specific number of moles of alkylenoxide has been added gives shine to hair. It has been discovered that it can be granted (patent application 1986)
-291078) has the disadvantage of making the tips of the hair dry.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a hair cosmetic that is excellent in the effect of imparting luster to the ends of hair without making them dry.

[Means and effects for solving the problems] The present invention provides (A
) The following general formula (1) (wherein, R1 is a straight or branched alkyl group having 8 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group or a hydroxyalkyl group, R
2, R3 and R4 are a methyl group, an ethyl group, a benzyl group, or the general formula → C2HaO H or → C3Ha Oi
It represents a group represented by H (where n and m are each an index of 1 to 5), and these may be the same or different.

Moreover, X' represents an anion. ) and (B) the following general formula (II) (wherein R5 is a linear alkyl group having 10 to 22 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl group, or an alkenyl group) , YR6 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, Z represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal,
It represents alkyl-substituted ammonium or hydroxyalkyl-substituted ammonium, and l represents an integer of 1 to 8. ) and (C) a branched chain primary alcohol having 8 to 24 carbon atoms.

A branched chain fatty acid having 8 to 24 carbon atoms, a C2 to 24 fatty acid ester of a branched primary alcohol having 6 to 24 carbon atoms, or a branched chain fatty acid having 6 to 24 carbon atoms having 2 to 24 carbon atoms
1 branched oil selected from 24 alcohol esters
The gist is that it contains three species or two or more species.

According to the present invention, by using the three components (A), (B), and (C) in combination, a sufficient gloss effect can be obtained without making the tips of the hair dry.

Hereinafter, the hair cosmetic according to the present invention will be explained in detail.

(A) The quaternary ammonium salt (A) which is the first essential component of the hair cosmetic is selected from those represented by the general formula (1). In this case, in the general formula (1), RI is an alkyl group, alkenyl group, or hydroxyalkyl group having 8 to 20 carbon atoms;

The hydroxyalkyl group is preferably a straight chain or a monomethyl branched chain. Preferred examples of the anion X- in the above formula include a halogen ion, an acetate group, a sulfate alkyl ester group such as methyl sulfate or ethyl sulfate, a phosphate group, and a nitrate group.

Specifically, as quaternary ammonium salts, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, stearyltrimethylammonium chloride, stearyltrimethylammonium methyl sulfate, eicosyltrimethylammonium chloride, N-stearyl-N,N,N-)(polyoxy ethylene) ammonium bromide (total 3 mole addition).

16-methylheptadecylammonium chloride.

Examples include stearyldimethylbenzylammonium methyl sulfate, and one type thereof can be used alone or two or more types can be used in combination.

(a) The preferred amount of the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the above general formula (1) is 0.05 to 10% by weight, particularly 0.
．． It is 3 to 5% by weight. If the blending amount is less than 0.05% by weight or more than 10% by weight, the effect of imparting shine to hair tends to be poor.

(1) The phosphoric acid ester (B), which is the second essential component of the hair cosmetic, is selected from those represented by the general formula (n). In this case, in general formula (n), R5
is a straight-chain alkyl group, hydroxyalkyl group, or alkenyl group having 10 to 22 carbon atoms, especially a straight-chain alkyl group having 10 to 22 carbon atoms
~18 linear alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, or alkenyl groups are preferred.

In addition, in the phosphoric acid ester represented by general formula (n), when a compound represented by Re 0 is used, R5 and R6 may be the same or different from each other.

Here, specific examples of the above-mentioned phosphoric acid ester include oxyethylene decyl phosphoric acid, oxyethylene lauryl phosphoric acid, oxyethylene myristyl phosphoric acid, oxyethylene cetyl phosphoric acid, oxyethylene stearic acid, oxyethylene oleyl phosphoric acid, Oxyethylene eicosyl phosphoric acid, oxyethylene tocosyl phosphoric acid, oxyethylene tocosenyl phosphoric acid, oxyethylene 12-hydroxystearic acid, polyoxyethylene (2) cetyl phosphoric acid, polyoxyethylene (4) stearic acid, polyoxyethylene (8) Myristic acid, polyoxypropylene (5) cetyl phosphoric acid, polyoxyethylene (3) polyoxypropylene (5) stearyl phosphoric acid, and their sodium salts, potassium salts, trimethylamine salts, triethylamine salts, monoethanolamine salts , jetanolamine salt, triethanolamine salt, etc., and one or more of these may be used. In addition,
The phosphoric acid ester used in the present invention includes partially to completely neutralized products. Furthermore, in the case of cosmetics containing such partially or completely neutralized products, the partially or completely neutralized products may be blended as is, or they may be dissolved or completely neutralized.
After dispersion or emulsification, partial or complete neutralization may be performed using a neutralizing agent.

(1) The phosphoric acid ester (B) has a molar ratio (B/A) of 0.5 to the quaternary ammonium salt (A).
It is preferable to mix so that the molar ratio (B/A) falls within the range of 0.5 to 1.5, and if the molar ratio (B/A) is out of the range of 0.5 to 1.5, the gloss imparting effect tends to be somewhat inferior.

(E) The branched oil component (C), which is the third essential component, is a branched primary alcohol having 8 to 24 carbon atoms, and 8 to 2 carbon atoms.
4 branched chain fatty acid, a C2 to C24 branched fatty acid ester of a C6 to C24 branched primary alcohol, or a C6 to C24 branched chain fatty acid with C2 to C24 selected from alcohol esters. Here, when using an ester, one having a total number of carbon atoms of 14 to 38 is particularly preferable.

Specific examples of the branched oil components include 2-hexyldecanol, 2-pentylnonanol, 2-noni-lunanol, 2-octyldecanol, 2-ethylhexanol,
2-decyltetradecanol, 2-pentylnonanoic acid,
2-hexyldecanoic acid, 2-nonylnonanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, isotridecyl myristate, octyldecyl myristate, octyldecyl oleate, octyldodecyl rimyluate, octyldodecyl erucate, cetyl 2-ethylhexanoate , stearyl 2-hexyldecanoate, etc., and one or more of these may be used.

The blending amount of the branched oil component is not necessarily specifically limited, but is preferably 0.05 to 10% by weight, particularly preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight.

(e) In addition to the above-mentioned essential ingredients, the hair cosmetic of the present invention includes solvents, other oils, emulsifiers, humectants, antidandruff agents, antioxidants, chelating agents, ultraviolet absorbers, light intensity or coloring agents, etc. Other conventionally used components can be optionally blended.

In this case, the solvent is not particularly limited, but generally includes, for example, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, 1,3-butylene glycol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and glycerin.

As the oil, those commonly used in cosmetics can be used. Examples of typical oils include microcrystalline wax, paraffin wax, gay wax,
Waxes such as heath wax, Japan wax, sucrose wax or mixtures thereof, liquid paraffin,
α-olefin oligomers, squalane, hydrocarbon oils such as squalene, or mixtures thereof, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, unsubstituted or hydroxyl, such as cetanol, stearyl alcohol, hydrogenated castor oil-derived alcohol, behenyl alcohol, lanolinal alcohol, etc. Substituted higher alcohol or mixture thereof, palmitic acid, myristic acid 1. Saturated or unsaturated unsubstituted or hydroxy-substituted higher fatty acids such as oleic acid, stearic acid, hydroxystearic acid, behenic acid, castor oil fatty acid, coconut oil fatty acid, bovine fatty acid, or mixtures thereof;
Olive oil, coconut oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, castor oil, hydrogenated castor oil, fallen beef oil, beef tallow, hydrogenated beef tallow, jojoba oil, hydrogenated jojoba oil, monostearic acid glyceride, monooleic acid glyceride, civalmitic acid Examples include esters such as glyceride, olimyristyrate glyceride, oleic oleate, palmityl behate, isopropyl palmite, stearyl acetate, dihydroxystearate, or mixtures thereof, silicone oils such as dimethylpolysiloxane, methylphenylpolysiloxane, etc. be able to.

Examples of the emulsifier include those commonly used in the past, such as glycerin monostearate, sorbitan monopalmitate, polyoxyethylene cetyl ether, polyoxyethylene stearate, and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate. .

Examples of wetting agents include hexylene glycol, polyethylene glycol 600, sodium pyroglutamate, and glycerin.

Anti-dandruff agents include ions, selenium sulfide, zinc pyridium-1-thiol-N-oxide, salicylic acid,
Examples include 2,4.4'-1-lichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether and 1-hydroxy-2-pyridone compounds.

Examples of the antioxidant include BHASBHT and T-oryzanol.

Examples of the chelating agent include ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, citric acid, ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid and salts thereof.

As ultraviolet absorbers, benzophenone derivatives represented by 2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenone, 2-(2
Examples include benzotriazole derivatives represented by '-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-benzotriazole, cinnamon esters, and the like.

[Example] Examples of the present invention will be described below.

First, prior to explaining the examples, the test method will be explained.

(Gloss) Sample 0.0% was applied to a shampoo-treated hair bundle (5 g, 20 cm).
5 g was directly applied, spread evenly by hand, rinsed with running water, dried in an atmosphere of 25° C., 165% RH, and 20 panelists sensory-evaluated the "gloss" of the hair bundles after leaving them day and night. The evaluation was made using a sample (Comparative Example 1) made by adding 1.0% by weight of stearyltomethylammonium chloride, 3.0% by weight of cetyl alcohol, 10% by weight of propylene glycol, and water to 100.0% by weight. The evaluation was based on the following 5-level evaluation.

◎: Very good ○: Good Δ: Equally good ×: Inferior ×
×: Very poor (lack of dryness at the ends) Apply 1 g of the sample directly to a Shabu-treated hair bundle (1.0 g, 20 cm), and spread it evenly over the entire hair bundle by hand.
After rinsing lightly with 0°C water, place in a thermostat with warm air circulation for 8 hours.
Dry at 0℃ for 2 hours to keep the ends of the hair dry.20
Sensory evaluation was performed by a qualified tester.

The lack of dryness of the ends of the hair was evaluated using a sample consisting of 1.0% by weight stearylmethylammonium chloride, 2.0% by weight cetyl alcohol, 10.0% by weight propylene glycol, and water (remainder). is used as a standard, and the evaluation is based on the following 5-level evaluation based on comparison with this.

◎: Good compared to the standard ○: Slightly better than the standard Δ: Same as the standard As described in Table 1, 1.0% by weight of staryltrimethylammonium chloride as a quaternary ammonium salt, 1.0% by weight of oxyethylene myristyrenic acid as a phosphoric acid ester, and 2-hexyldecanol as a branched oil component. A hair cosmetic was prepared consisting of 1.0% by weight of cetyl alcohol, 2.0% by weight of cetyl alcohol as an oil component, 10.0% by weight of propylene glycol as a solvent, and water. Moreover, hair cosmetics were similarly prepared with the compositions shown in Table 1 for Examples 2 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 9.

−20= From Table 1, when phosphate ester is not included (Comparative Example 1
, 3 to 6.8), and when the quaternary ammonium salt is not included (Comparative Examples 2 to 6, 9), it is found that the effect of imparting gloss to hair is inferior. In addition, even if a quaternary ammonium salt and a phosphoric acid ester are used in combination, the one that does not contain branched oil (Comparative Example 7) does not have the effect of preventing dry ends of the hair.
It has been found that when a phosphoric acid ester, a quaternary ammonium salt, and a branched oil component are used in combination, a sufficient luster-imparting effect can be obtained without making the tips of the hair feel dry.

(Examples 5-10) In Examples 5-10, hair cosmetics were prepared with the compositions shown in Tables 2 and 3 below as well as Comparative Examples 10-13. As shown in the same table, the results show that when the quaternary ammonium salt is outside the scope of the present invention (Comparative Example 10), the number of moles of alkylenoxide added to the phosphoric acid ester is outside the scope of the present invention. It is clear that in the cases (Comparative Examples 11 to 13) as well, there is no sufficient gloss imparting effect, or the tips of the hair become dry. On the other hand, all of the compositions of the present invention were found to have satisfactory gloss imparting performance and an effect of preventing hair from becoming dry.

(Examples 14 to 20) In Examples 14 to 20, the fourth
Hair cosmetics were prepared with the compositions shown in the table.

As shown in the same table, the results show that when the oil does not have a branched structure (Comparative Examples 14 to 16) or when the number of carbon atoms is outside the range of the present invention (Comparative Example 17), dryness of the ends of the hair is prevented. However, the compositions of the present invention all have a good effect of preventing dry hair ends and a sufficient gloss imparting effect. It is recognized that

(Example 21) In this example, hair treatment compositions shown in Table 5 below were prepared and their performance was evaluated through practical use. However, at the time of finishing, this composition did not make the ends of the hair dry and had the effect of imparting excellent gloss to the hair, which conventional hair treatments do not have.

Table 5 = 27- (Example 22) In this example, blowing agents shown in Table 6 below were prepared and their performance was evaluated through practical use. However, the blow-drying agent composition of the present invention is not sticky when used, does not make the ends of the hair dry when finished, and has the effect of imparting excellent gloss to hair compared to conventional blow-drying agents. had.

[Effects of the Invention] As detailed above, according to the present invention, rinsing is required at the time of application in any state such as a solution state, a uniformly dispersed state, a nonuniformly dispersed state, an emulsified state, etc. Regardless of the type, it has a high shine effect without making the ends of the hair dull, and can be used for various purposes such as hair conditioners, spray-type or dispenser-type hair conditioners, shine sprays, hair lotions, etc. can provide fees.

1. Indication of the case Japanese Patent Application No. 61-303371 2. Name of the invention Hair cosmetics 3. Person making the amendment Relationship to the case Patent applicant (137B) Lion Co., Ltd. 4, Agent 3-chome Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 7-2 UBE Building 5,
Spontaneous correction7. Contents of the amendment (1) The scope of the claims will be corrected as shown in the attached sheet.

(2) On page 6, lines 1 and 2 of the specification, "alkylenoxide" is corrected to "alkylene oxide."

(3) On page 9, line 16 of the specification, “o, 3-5
% by weight" should be corrected to ``0.3 to 5% by weight.''

(4) The chemical samurai formula after "in," on page 10, line 9 of the specification is corrected as follows.

■ R5-fC H2C H O-}-I! 0R6 (5) In lines 1 and 2 from the bottom of the same page of the specification, the words "oxyethylene stearic acid" are corrected as follows.

"Oxyethylene 12-hydrostearyl phosphate, polyoxyethylene (2) cetyl phosphate, polyoxyethylene (4) stearyl phosphate, polyoxyethylene (8)
) myristyl phosphoric acid" (7) On page 12, line 10 of the specification, the phrase "branched chain fatty acid ester" is corrected to "fatty acid ester."

(8) On page 13, lines 1 to 3 of the specification, [octyldecyl myristate, octyldecyl oleate, octyldodecyl riminolate] is replaced with "octyldodecyl myristate, octyldodecyl oleate, octyldodecyl ricinoleate". I am corrected.

(9) In the 3rd line of page 14 of the specification, the term ``Heeswax'' has been corrected to ``Beeswax.''

(lO) In line 9 of the same page of the specification, the phrase "lanolinal alcohol" is corrected to "lanolin alcohol."

(l1) In lines 14-15 of the same page of the specification, the phrase "bovine fatty acid" is corrected to "bovine crystalline acid."

(12) In line 18 of the same page of the specification, the phrase "fallen peanut oil" is corrected to read "peanut oil."

(13) On page 15 of the specification, lines 1 to 3, it says "olimyristyrenic acid glyceride, oleic oleate, palmityl behate, inbropyl palmito",
Corrected to ``Trimyristate glyceride, oleyl oleate, palmityl behate, insopropyl palmitate.''

(14) In line 17 of the same page of the specification, the word "ion" is corrected to "sulfur."

(15) On page 16, lines 8-9 of the specification, "2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenone" is corrected to "2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone."

(1B) In line 12 of the same page of the specification, the word "cinnamon" is corrected to "cinnamic acid."

(l7) “Shapu” on page 17, line 13 of the specification
Correct the statement to "shampoo."

(18) “Lack of dryness” in line 17 of the same page of the specification
I corrected the statement to ``the lack of dryness''.

(19) In line 20 of the same page of the specification, "stearylmethylammonium chloride" is corrected to "stearyltrimethylammonium chloride."

(20) On page 18, line 12 of the specification, "stearyltrimethylammonium chloride" is corrected to "stearyltrimethylammonium chloride."

(21) In line 14 of the same page of the specification, "oxyethylene myristylenic acid" is corrected to "oxyethylene myristyl phosphoric acid."

(22) Table 1 on page 20 of the specification is corrected as shown in the attached sheet.

(23) On page 21, lines 17-18 of the specification, the phrase "alkyleno→oxide" is corrected to "alkylene oxide."

(24) Table 2 on page 23 of the specification is corrected as shown in the attached sheet.

5.1 (25) Table 4 on page 26 of the specification is amended as shown in the attached sheet.

(26) In the third line of page 29 of the specification, the phrase "hair in an emulsified state" is corrected to "hair in an emulsified state."

-7 = 2, Claims (1) The following general formula -6 (I) (wherein, R1 is a straight chain or branched alkyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group or a hydroxyal group, R2+ R
3 and R4 are methyl group, ethyl group, benzyl group, or the general formula -(-C2H40→-H or +C3H6nerH(
However, n and m each represent a group represented by an integer of 1 to 5), and these may be the same or different. Moreover, X- represents an anion. ) and one or more quaternary ammonium salts represented by the following general formula (n) l R9-←CH2CHO←o-p-oz... (II)
(In the formula, R5 is a linear alkyl group having 10 to 22 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl group, or an alkenyl group, Y is R5-(-
CH2CHO-? -, a group or z, R6 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, Z represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, an alkyl-substituted ammonium or a hydroxyalkyl-substituted ammonium, ] represents an integer of 1 to 8. ), one or more phosphoric acid esters represented by
24 molecular chain fatty acids, C2-24 fatty acid esters of C6-24 branched primary alcohols, or C2-24 branched fatty acid esters, or C2-24 alcohol esters. A hair cosmetic containing one or more branched oil components selected from the following.

(2) The hair cosmetic according to claim 1, wherein the hair cosmetic contains the phosphoric acid ester in a molar ratio of 0.5 to 1.5 with respect to the quaternary ammonium salt.

(3) The hair cosmetic according to claim 1, which contains 0.05 to 10% by weight of the quaternary ammonium salt.

(4) The hair cosmetic according to claim 1, wherein R5 in the general formula (n) is a straight-chain alkyl group, hydroxyalkyl group, or alkenyl group having 14 to 18 carbon atoms.

(5) The branched oil component is a branched primary alcohol having 8 to 24 carbon atoms, a branched fatty acid having 8 to 24 carbon atoms, or a branched ester having 14 to 38 carbon atoms. A hair cosmetic according to claim 1.

Claims (5)

[Claims] (1) The following general formula (1) ▲There are mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc.▼...(I) (In the formula, R_1 is a straight or branched alkyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group, or a hydroxyalkyl group. Group, R_
2, R_3 and R_4 are methyl group, ethyl group, benzyl group, or the general formula -(C_2H_4O)-_nH or -
(C_3H_6) -_mH (however, n and m are each from 1 to
(an integer of 5), which may be the same or different from each other. Moreover, X^- represents an anion. ) and one or more quaternary ammonium salts represented by the following general formula (II) ▲ There are numerical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc. ▼ ... (II) (In the formula, R_5 is a carbon number of 10 to 22 straight chain alkyl groups,
Hydroxyalkyl group or alkenyl group, Y is ▲ formula,
There are chemical formulas, tables, etc. ▼ represents a group or Z, R_6 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, Z represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, an alkyl-substituted ammonium or a hydroxyalkyl-substituted ammonium, and l represents an integer from 1 to 8. show. ), one or more phosphoric acid esters represented by
One or two branched oil components selected from C2-24 molecular chain fatty acids, C2-24 fatty acid esters of C6-24 branched primary alcohols, or C2-24 alcohol esters. A hair cosmetic characterized by containing at least one species. (2) The hair cosmetic according to claim 1, wherein the hair cosmetic contains the phosphoric acid ester in a molar ratio of 0.5 to 1.5 with respect to the quaternary ammonium salt. (3) The hair cosmetic according to claim 1, which contains 0.05 to 10% by weight of the quaternary ammonium salt. (4) The hair cosmetic according to claim 1, wherein R_5 in the general formula (II) is a straight-chain alkyl group, hydroxyalkyl group, or alkenyl group having 14 to 18 carbon atoms. (5) The branched oil has a first branched chain having 8 to 24 carbon atoms.
2. The hair cosmetic according to claim 1, wherein the hair cosmetic is an alcohol, a branched fatty acid having 8 to 24 carbon atoms, or a branched ester having 14 to 38 carbon atoms.