JPS6274447A - Vertical reactor for catalytic exothermic reaction and endothermic reaction - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a housing containing a catalyst bed, and heat exchanger tubes passing through the housing parallel to its longitudinal axis to form a tube bundle. , a gas-permeable retaining bottom holding the catalyst bed, supply and exhaust pipes for the cooling or heating medium opening into horizontal distribution and collecting pipes passing through the housing cap and the housing bottom, and inlet and exhaust pipes for the reaction gases. The present invention relates to a vertical reactor for catalytic exothermic and endothermic reactions, in particular for the production of methanol, ammonia, synthesis gas and higher alcohols, with an outlet line.

[Conventional technology]

A reactor for catalytic exothermic reactions, in particular for producing methanol, is known from DE 33 32 049 A1. In this anti-stone tool, a finned tube jacket extends from an upper annular collector pipe to a lower annular distribution pipe, and the tubes of this finned tube jacket are reinforced in the upper and lower parts of the reactor. It is constructed as a pipe section. Opening into these tube sections are so-called handle tubes, the vertical sections of these handle tubes forming passages in which the reactor material is placed, and which reactor material is placed in the furnace. It is cut on the net in the lower range.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

In contrast to this known reactor, the object of the present invention is to provide a cheaper and structurally simpler construction of a heat exchanger tube bundle, in which the heat exchanger tubes are combined and A more statically advantageous connection with the distribution pipe and better repairability are obtained, especially at the welding points of the pipe to the header or its intermediate part.

[Means for solving problems]

To solve this problem, according to the invention, the upper and lower ends of the straight or nearly straight heat exchanger tubes of the tube bundle are arranged below and above the collection or distribution pipes. Ta,
It opens into mutually parallel horizontal holding tubes which are connected via intermediate tubes to collection or distribution pipes arranged 4 symmetrically or transversely with respect to the lateral center of the holding tubes. The features of the embodiment section of the patent claim serve to improve and develop the features of claim 1.

In the known reactor defining the general concept, the handle tube exerts a moment on the tube of the fin tube jacket. Moreover, in these tubes it is difficult to access the welding points of the openings of the horizontal legs of the handle tubes to the reinforcements of the fin tubes of the jacket, which are close to each other. During some repairs to heat exchanger tubes, it is also necessary to remove the entire tube bundle from the finned tube jacket. In contrast, the heat exchanger tubes of the reactor according to the invention exert only normal forces on the parts that hold and are connected to these heat exchanger tubes. The joining points of the heat exchanger tubes and the holding tubes are easily accessible from above or below, and it is also possible to exchange several heat exchanger tubes without removing the entire tube bundle from the reactor.

Furthermore, removal of the reactor material from the interior space of the reactor containing the heat exchanger tubes, which is surrounded by the annular skirt, can be easily and as desired.

Example j The drawing shows an example of a reactor according to the invention for carrying out an exothermic reaction, for example for the production of methanol.

The reactor I has a cylindrical pressure shell 2, which is followed upwardly by a cap 3 and downwardly by a curved retaining bottom 4. Through the passage piece 5, an outlet pipe 6 for the medium to be heated projects into the interior of the reaction i5+ and opens there into two horizontal, curved collecting pipes 7, 8. In the illustrated embodiment, both g7, 8 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the transverse center plane Q of the reactor.

From the bent collecting pipes 7, 8 to the intermediate pipes 9.10. II,
+2, and these intermediate tubes are located, for example, four each in a common plane and in pairs in the vertical central plane 13 of the tube 7.8.
It opens into the holding tube ]4 at regular intervals. These holding tubes extend parallel to each other at equal intervals in the horizontal plane.

Instead of the two collecting pipes 7.8, it is also possible to provide only one pipe in the wide center plane Q, from which an intermediate pipe similar to the intermediate pipes 9 to 12 emerges, and these The intermediate tube opens into the holding tube 14 . However, it should be taken into account in this case that such grooves or, as will be explained in more detail below, place great demands on such intermediate collecting pipes on which the entire tube bundle of heat exchanger tubes rests. That's true. It is therefore advantageous to divide such a single tube into two curved holding tubes 7.8, as shown in FIG. 2, which are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central plane Q. and extends in the center of the tube half of the tube 6, ie the center extends over the tube half lengths A, A' and A77 (FIG. 2).

In this case, the intermediate pipes 9 to 12 open into the collecting pipes 7.8 in their lower and upper regions.

The ends 15+16 of the heat exchanger tubes 17,18 open into the lower region of the upper holding tube 14. In this case, the end 15°16
As can be seen in FIG. 1, the tubes 17, 18 and the retaining tube 14 are bulged outwardly, so that a secure connection between the tubes 17, 18 and the holding tube 14 can be achieved. The tubes 17,18, which are to be referred to as main holding heat exchanger tubes, are arranged on the one hand at a distance a [t, and on the other hand, these tubes are connected to these holding tubes at a distance in the longitudinal direction of the holding tubes. ing. Immediately below the lateral bulges, a head pipe 19 extends between the upper parts of adjacent pipes 17, 18 at a distance a, into which further heat exchanger pipes 2 are connected.
0 hang at intervals and these heat exchanger tubes run parallel to tubes 17 and 18, so that, as can be seen in FIG. A closed area is formed by vertical heat exchanger tubes 17, 18 and 20, which are equally spaced from each other and between which there is a place for the reactor material.

The lower ends 2 ], 22 of the holding heat exchanger tubes 17 , 18 open into a lower holding tube 23 having the same configuration as the upper holding tube 14 . In this case, the end 2+ of the holding heat exchanger tube 17°18
, 22 are the upper ends 15. of these tubes. It is constructed in the same way as +6, and the distance a is set to a hard and adjacent tube 21.
．． A base tube 24 is also provided between the heat exchanger tubes 22 and the lower end of the heat exchanger tube 20 opens into this base tube. tube 17
．． Instead of the lateral bulges at the upper and lower ends of 18,
The aforementioned end can open into the holding tube 14.23 via a Y-shaped tube.

The lower holding tube 23 extending parallel to the upper holding tube 14 is
On its underside it has support projections 25 which are aligned with one another in the lateral direction of the tube 23 and are arranged in number m over the length of each holding tube 23. Shafts 26 are provided between adjacent projections 25 in line with one another, on which elements 27 are mounted side by side, in groups, in the illustrated embodiment. 4 each, catalyst holding bottom part 2
8, and this part is swung upward in the operating position i.
127 (solid line in FIGS. 5 and 6) lies within plane e. The element 27 of the part 28 forming the catalyst holding bottom is gas permeable. The outer elements 27a, 27b of the portion 28 are
With these parts swung upwards, the catalytic material that contacts the tube 23 remains on the parts 28, which in plan form a square with an edge length slightly smaller than the spacing a. Form.

The back surface 29 in Va contact with the shaft 26 has a recess 30, while the surface 31 of each element 27 farther from the shaft 26
The construction and arrangement of the nose-shaped projections 32 and the recesses 30 are such that in the operating position i4, in which the portions 28 are swung upwards, these portions 28 engage the adjacent projections and recesses. This is done in such a way that it is held in position by the interlocking of the parts, the last part of each row being defined (the part assumed in FIG. 1 at the left-hand edge of the drawing). When this part is released and allowed to swing downwards, the projections and recesses of the part adjacent to this first part are first released, so that this part swings downwardly between the tubes 23. And all other parts also do this, the axes of which are aligned, for example axes 26', 26", 26"' in FIG.

The lower holding pipe 23 is connected via intermediate pipes 34, 35, 36 to two distribution pipes 37.38, which are arranged symmetrically with respect to the transverse center plane Q and which It opens into half of the tubes 34, 35, 36. These distribution pipes are connected to feed pipes 40, which are each passed through three pieces 41 of the holding bottom 4 of the reactor. The reactor has an outlet connection piece 42 for the medium flowing in the direction of the arrow K, which medium enters the reactor in the direction of the arrow S through the connection piece 43 of the cap 3.

The heat exchanger tube bundle consisting of tubes 17 to 20 has a skirt 44.
surrounded by.

FIG. 7 shows the middle part of the lower region of the reactor supporting the catalyst support bottom, which can be advantageously configured when using the swingable support bottom part 28 described above. Parallel to the individual axes 26, a horizontal through shaft 45 extends over the entire reactor cross section in the vertical reactor intermediate pipe W, which shaft is rotatable by means not shown and is capable of moving at least the individual The mutual spacing between the holding bottom parts 28 holds supports 46, which are connected to the shaft 45 in such a way that they do not rotate relative to each other. These supports have two support surfaces 47, 48 symmetrically with respect to the vertical center axis of the shaft 45 and the reactor center plane W, to which support surfaces 47, 48 the intermediate retaining bottom part 28 faces each other. Support surfaces 49,50 of the element 27 are supported, and the arrangement of these parts is such that they can swing in opposite directions on either side of the surface W. (See arrows X!Y in FIG. 7). The shaft 45 with a supporting surface is a kind of balance rod. For example, when the shaft 45 is rotated counterclockwise, the white (ljj1 portion 28a) first opens. When the shaft 45 is rotated further, the holding bottom portion 28b also opens. For example, if the holding bottom portion 28 stops moving due to seizure of the catalyst material, The corresponding edge circumference of the support 46 forms the support surface 49. of the element 27 or part 28.
50 on the lower end of the projection or cam 51.52. To open the second part 28, it is necessary to rotate the shaft 45 by 902 rotations.

Portions 28a, 28 that touch each other by 5A at the center of the reactor
The area 5 between the oscillated surfaces 54 and 55 of b
3 is covered by the roof-shaped part 55, and the legs of this part! 57.58 are aligned with the surfaces 54.55 of element 27.

To carry out the endothermic reaction, the heat exchanger tubes 17,18 are supplied with a heating medium. Collection and distribution piping 6.7 or 3
7.38 is connected with suitable inlet and outlet tubes.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is a vertical new view of the reactor in two mutually perpendicular planes, Figure 2 is a horizontal sectional view of the upper part of the reactor, Figure 3 is a sectional view of the middle part of the reactor, and Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the middle part of the reactor. A horizontal section through the lower part of the reactor, FIGS. 5 and 6 are enlarged views of the lower reactor area with the holding bottom holding the reactor material, and FIG. 7 is a detailed view of the holding bottom. 6... Leading pipe, 7... Collecting pipe, 9, 10.11.1
2゜34.35.36...middle pipe, 14.23...
Holding tube, +7°+8...Heat exchanger tube, 37.38...
・Distribution pipe Fig, 6

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A housing containing a catalyst bed, heat exchanger tubes passing through the housing parallel to its longitudinal axis and forming a tube bundle, and a gas-permeable holding bottom holding the catalyst bed. Catalytic exothermic and endothermic reactions with supply and discharge pipes for the cooling or heating medium and inlet and outlet pipes for the reaction gas opening into horizontal distribution and collecting pipes passing through the housing cap and the housing bottom In the vertical reactor for
Straight or nearly straight heat exchanger tubes (17, 1
8) The upper and lower ends of the collection or distribution pipes (6,
7 or 37, 38), which open into mutually parallel horizontal holding tubes (14, 23) via intermediate tubes (9 to 12, 34 to 36), It is characterized in that it is connected to a collection or distribution pipe (6, 7 or 37, 38) arranged symmetrically or horizontally with respect to the lateral center of the holding pipe (9 to 12, 34 to 36). , vertical reactors for catalytic exothermic and endothermic reactions. 2 Horizontal collection and distribution pipes (6, 7 or 37, 38
) are arranged in a bent manner, each tube being arranged in one half of the cross section of the reactor (1), characterized in that these tubes are arranged symmetrically with respect to the lateral central plane of the reactor (1). , a reactor according to claim 1. 3 The heat exchanger tubes (17, 18) of the tube bundle opening into the holding tubes (14, 23) are connected to the lateral bulges (15, 16, 21
, 22) while forming a pair of holding tubes (14, 2).
3), characterized in that the bulges of the tube pair (17, 18) are oriented away from each other in a plane placed at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the holding tubes (14, 23). do,
Reactor according to one of claims 1 and 2. 4. Claim 1, characterized in that the upper and lower ends of the tubes (17, 18) open in pairs via a Y-shaped tube into the holding tube (14, 23). term and second
Reactor according to one of the clauses. 5 Horizontal head and base tubes (19, 24) are arranged below or above the holding tubes (14, 23), and these head and base tubes connect to the heat exchanger tube (17) connected to the holding tube. ,
18) and into another vertical straight heat exchanger tube (20) of the tube bundle. Reactor described in. 6 The head and base tubes (19, 24) are connected to the holding tube (14).
. Reactor according to one of clauses 4 and 5. 7 Intermediate pipe (9 to 12, 3) of holding pipe (14, 23)
Several collection and distribution pipes (7) are arranged symmetrically and parallel to the vertical central plane at equal intervals.
, 8 or 37, 38). 8. Claims characterized in that a gas-permeable catalyst holding bottom is provided which is held by the tube bundle and is formed from a plurality of individually movable holding bottom parts (28). Reactor according to one of clauses 1 to 7. 9. An individual element (28) whose holding bottom portion (28) is swingable by an individual shaft (26) supported by a lower holding tube (23).
27) Claim 8
Reactor as described in Section. 10 Front and back surfaces (2) of the individual elements (27) of the holding bottom
9, 31) is characterized in that it comprises a hook-shaped projection (32) and a corresponding recess (30), which parts interlock with each other when the retaining bottom is closed. Reactor according to one of claims 7 to 9. 11 The holding bottom portions (28a, 28b) of the tube bottom placed on both sides of the vertical reactor center plane (W) are
) The reactor according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that it can be swung in a direction ( ). 12 On both sides of the vertical reactor center plane (W) and on the part (2
Claim 8) characterized in that both holding bottom parts (28a, 28b) arranged parallel to the individual axis (26) of 8) are supported on a common pivotable support (46) The reactor according to item 11. 13 Supports (46) disposed on each side of the reactor center plane (W) with an interval of at least the holding bottom portions (28a, 28b) are arranged within the reactor center plane perpendicular to the reactor center plane by a common axis (45). patent, characterized in that it is swingable at the bottom and has support surfaces (47, 48) on which the support surfaces (49, 50) of the holding bottom part (28a, 28b) rest. A reactor according to claim 12. 14 Support surface (49,
14. Reactor according to claim 13, characterized in that the lower end of 50) is provided with projections or cams (51, 52). 15 The shaft (4) between the holding bottom parts (28a, 28b)
15. Reactor according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that 5) is covered by a roof-shaped part (56).