JPS6268580A - Method of separating solid substance - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] <Industrial Application Field> The present invention is a solid substance having an inorganic component and a substance having a certain type of component from among solid substances having different compositions. Concerning methods of sorting and separating.

Prior Art> As a method for selecting and separating a substance having a specific component from a collection of solid substances having many miscellaneous components, the following methods are conventionally available.

■Method using magnetism For example, magnetite ore (Fe 30 or Fe
This is a method used to sort and separate minerals (○) from other minerals, and is a method of sorting based on whether or not the substance is attracted to a magnet.

■Method using difference in specific gravity In this method, substances adjusted to the same particle size are placed in a liquid having a certain specific gravity, and the substances are separated based on the difference in their settling speeds.

■A method that utilizes the surface activity of substances This method utilizes the surface activity of substance particles, and for example, hydrophobic particles are captured in air bubbles and separated by flotation, or hydrophilic particles are separated by sedimentation. .

<Problem of the Invention> The present invention aims to provide a novel dry solid substance separation method in contrast to the conventional methods described above.

<Means for Solving the Problems> The present invention is a method for separating a solid substance, focusing on the fact that when a Kuroiso material is irradiated with electromagnetic waves, the calorific value varies depending on the type of Kuroiso material. That is, the present invention irradiates electromagnetic waves to a mixture of Kuroiso material particles of one type with different components,
It is characterized by raising the temperature of each substance to a different temperature due to the difference in calorific value of each substance, and separating this using a capture substance that exhibits different properties depending on the temperature.

I will explain in more detail. Kuroiso materials have a so-called dielectric constant (εγ) and dielectric loss angle (tanδ) depending on their constituent components.
! It has two unique values. As a result, when the Kuroiso material is irradiated with electromagnetic waves, it generates heat due to the dielectric loss phenomenon. This calorific value (P) is calculated by the following formula 4 % ": Frequency of irradiated electromagnetic waves E: Electric field strength εγ ・1. an δ: Dielectric loss coefficient, that is, when substances with different components are mixed, the frequency of irradiated electromagnetic waves When irradiated with a constant electric field strength and a constant electric field strength, a material with a large dielectric loss coefficient will heat up more rapidly and exhibit a higher temperature than a pond material.
For example, there is data like the table below.

(Note) Frequency: 2450MI (z 3f) OW In other words, AI 20v material reaches 900°C, while C (carbon) reaches 1000°C in 0.2 minutes.
C, Fe, and 04 are heated rapidly, reaching 500°C in 0.5 minutes. Therefore, the amount of heating
This makes it possible to separate substances by utilizing phenomena that differ depending on the substance.

When separating according to the present invention, it is preferable to keep the frequency of the irradiated electromagnetic waves constant and apply the irradiation power density (E) at a constant value.On the other hand, the conditions for the substances to be separated are as follows: It is preferable to adjust the particle size of the substance to a certain range and to disperse the particles with adjusted particle sizes as much as possible so as not to pile up on each other when irradiated.By doing this, each particle has its composition. Depending on the ingredients, each can be raised to approximately a certain temperature.

The following two-separation operation can be performed by using a substance whose properties change depending on the temperature. For example, by bringing a substance, such as plastic, which softens and becomes sticky upon heating, into contact with a mixture of substances adjusted to a particle size range of fine particles, preferably 0.1 mm or more below lo+nm, high temperature Particles whose temperature has been raised can be captured by adhering them to the surface of a plastic material, etc., and particles whose temperature has not increased can be sorted and separated from each other by falling from the surface of the plastic material. A specific example will be explained according to an example.

<Example> FIG. 1 is an overall view showing an example of a separation apparatus based on the method of the present invention. First, a mixture 1 of substances to be sorted and separated is pulverized by a pulverizer (not shown), and then pulverized by a suitable vibrator Fa2.
, put it on a vibrating screen 3 for particle size adjustment,
The particle size is desirably adjusted to 10 mm or less and 0.1 m+n or more. Next, the mixture 8 of particles of the substance whose particle size has been adjusted is sprinkled I) onto a conveyor belt S arranged to pass through the electromagnetic wave irradiation container 4 . At this time, the important thing is to avoid piling up as much as possible so that the mixture 8 is uniformly irradiated with electromagnetic waves. For this purpose, it is necessary to increase the speed of the conveyor belt 5, the way it is spread, or the degree of particle size regulation. The electromagnetic waves 6 have a frequency of, for example, 100 KHz or higher, and several electromagnetic waves 6.6.6 are used in order to uniformly irradiate the surface of the conveyor belt 5 and to increase heating efficiency and heat processing amount. The waveguide 7,
7.7 is used to irradiate the mixture 8.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing the inside of the electromagnetic wave irradiation container 4. As shown in FIG.

The waveguide 7 has its lower output a placed close to the belt 5 to guide the electromagnetic wave 6 onto the mixture 8 so as to efficiently radiate the electromagnetic wave 6 onto the mixture 8.

The mixture 8 that has been irradiated with the electromagnetic waves 6 in this way can be obtained under the conditions shown in equation (1) above, that is, when the frequency (r) of the electromagnetic waves 6 and the electric field strength (E) are kept constant. Each constituent particle has a different dielectric constant (εγ) and dielectric loss angle (tanδ) due to differences in physical properties such as the chemical composition or density of the constituent particles. will be heated to different temperatures depending on its constituent materials.

As shown in FIG. 3, the mixture 8 after being irradiated with the electromagnetic waves 6 falls onto and comes into contact with a separation roll 9.

The surface of the separating roll 9 is made of an organic material such as polypropylene, and is made to soften and become sticky when heated. Therefore, among the particles of the mixture 8 that have fallen onto the roll 9, the higher temperature particles 11 are stuck to the roll 9 and captured, while the lower temperature particles 10 are not captured by the roll 9 and fall directly below. I decided to do it,
Both 10 degrees and 11 degrees are sorted and separated. When many types of substances are mixed, they can be easily separated by repeating this operation. In this example, the organic material such as polypropylene is used as the capture material, but in principle, any substance found in the pond, such as the blast tincture, that exhibits different properties depending on the temperature can be used as the capture material. Particles 11 stuck to and captured by the roll 9 are removed from the roll 9 by a scraping jig 12 at a position different from the particles 10.

Other examples of the separation device are shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. In this example, in place of the separation roll 9, a separation belt 13 made of a material that also has heat-adhesive properties is used. The advantage of this method is that the contact time with the mixture 8 can be longer than in the case of the separation roll 9. While each particle of the mixture 8 dropped onto the separating belt 13 is conveyed by the belt 13, the particles 11 having a high temperature are adhered to the belt 13. The particles 10 having a lower temperature at the end of the movement separate from the belt 13 and fall.

On the other hand, the particles 11 having a high temperature further move to the belt 13 in an adhesive state and are removed by the scraping jig 12. Note that if the particles 11 that could not be removed by the scraping jig 12 or the fine powdered unheated particles 10 remain on the belt 13,
Since the adhesion efficiency gradually decreases, the brush 14 or the like should be rotated or, if necessary, washed with water.

It is also possible to adopt a method in which the irradiation conveyor belt 5 itself is made of a material that becomes sticky when heated, so that it is attached to the conveyor belt 5 at the same time as the irradiation.

<Effects> The present invention has the above configuration, and by adjusting a mixture of inorganic substances into a particulate mixture of an appropriate size and irradiating this mixture of particles with electromagnetic waves, I) each particle is The temperature is raised to a temperature corresponding to the constituent material due to the difference in calorific value due to the difference in the calorific value of each constituent material, and a trapping substance that exhibits different properties depending on the temperature is applied to each particle that has not been heated to each temperature. Since a specific substance is selected and separated from a mixture of substances, it is possible to select and separate a specific substance from a mixture of multiple types of inorganic substances. In particular, in the present invention, since the separation is carried out in a dry manner, there is no need to use liquids required for leaching or extraction, and even in the dry manner, N
Since it is possible to process the object without molten it, the separation operation and equipment are very simple.

As a use of the present invention, for example, UO2 in uranium ore
It can be used to separate ore from common minerals in the pond.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is an overall perspective view showing an embodiment of the r-separation device using the method of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a sectional view showing the inside of the electromagnetic wave irradiation container 4, and Fig. 3 shows details of the separation roll 9. 4 is a front view showing an example of a pond separation device, and FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a part of FIG. 4. 1: Mixture of substances to be separated, 2: Vibrating device, 3: Vibrating screen 4: Electromagnetic wave irradiation container, 5: Conveyor belt,
6: Electromagnetic waves, 7: Waveguide, 8: Particle mixture, 9: Separation roll, 10: High temperature particles, 11: Low temperature particles, 12: Scraping jig, 13: Separation belt, 1
4: Brush.

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) A solid substance separation method that selects and separates a specific inorganic substance from a mixture of multiple types of inorganic substances with different components, which involves adjusting the mixture of inorganic substances to a particulate mixture of an appropriate size. By irradiating this mixture of particles with electromagnetic waves, each particle is heated to a temperature corresponding to the constituent material due to the difference in calorific value of each constituent material, and then each particle heated to its respective temperature is A method for separating solid substances, characterized in that a capture substance exhibiting different properties depending on temperature is applied to the substance, thereby selectively separating a specific substance from a mixture of inorganic substances.