JPS6238668Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] The present invention relates to an improvement of a double-pass plasma separation device.

In recent years, research on plasmapheresis (plasma separation method) using the double-pass method has been actively conducted.

Figure 1 shows an example of a conventional double hyperplasmapheresis device, in which a separate first
It is composed of a sieve 1 and a second sieve 2. Generally, the first sieve 1 is equipped with a hollow fiber membrane 3 with a pore size that does not allow blood cell components to pass through, but allows plasma components to pass through. - Contains a hollow fiber membrane 4 with a pore size that does not allow medium-molecular-weight plasma components to pass through but allows small-molecular-weight plasma components to pass through. Then, blood from the body enters the first tube 1 through the blood inflow circuit 5 by the pump _P1 , where it is separated into blood cell components and plasma components, and then the blood cell components are returned to the body through the blood return circuit 6. . Further, the plasma components are led to the second filter 2 by the pump P ₂ through the plasma derivation circuit 7, where they are separated into large/medium molecular weight plasma components and small molecular weight plasma components. P ₃ is discharged through a plasma discharge circuit 8, and small molecular weight plasma components are returned to the body through a blood reflux circuit 9.

However, in the conventional double-filter plasma separation device as described above, each of the filters is independent, so a large number of various body fluid circuits must be used, which makes the device as a whole complicated and difficult to use. The drawback was that it had to be complicated.

In addition, as disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 57-9457, a blood purification method in which a first hollow fiber membrane and a second hollow fiber membrane having different pore sizes are housed in a single case is also available. The device is also known. However, this device separates blood into blood cell components and plasma components with the first hollow fiber membrane, and then introduces the blood cell components in the first hollow fiber membrane into the inside of the second hollow fiber membrane. Therefore, there is a risk that the second hollow fiber membrane may be clogged, blood may remain, or even blockage may occur due to highly viscous blood cell components. In addition, the second hollow fiber membrane
Since it is difficult to control TMP (transmembrane pressure difference), it also has the disadvantage of poor permeation efficiency for small molecular weight components. Furthermore, there is also the problem that, for example, when abnormal pressure occurs in the second hollow fiber membrane, it is not possible to control only the TMP of the second hollow fiber membrane.

The present invention was proposed as a result of studies to solve these conventional drawbacks, and in particular, it accommodates multiple types of hollow fiber membrane bundles with different pore sizes in a single case, and also stores them at appropriate positions in the case. By providing inlets and outlets for various body fluids, the device is made more compact.

In addition, the present invention prevents clogging, residual blood, blockage, etc. caused by blood cell components in the second hollow fiber membrane by causing blood to flow in parallel through the first hollow fiber membrane and the second hollow fiber membrane. By increasing the permeation efficiency of small molecular weight components through the second hollow fiber membrane, and further connecting a purified plasma circuit equipped with a pump for applying negative pressure to the second hollow fiber membrane to the outlet of the small molecular weight components, Second
This allows the TMP of hollow fiber membranes to be controlled.

First, Fig. 2 and Fig. 2-a show an embodiment of the present invention, in which a large number of primary hollow fiber membranes 21 and secondary hollow fiber membranes 22 are each bundled in a cylindrical or rectangular case 20. It is stored. Both ends of these hollow fiber membranes 21, 22 are fixed by fixing members such as polyurethane resins 23, 24, and the ends 25, 28 of the primary hollow fiber membrane 21 are opened, and the secondary hollow fiber membranes 25, 28 are opened. One end 27 of the membrane 22 is opened as described above, and the other end 26 is sealed with a fixing member 23 made of the polyurethane resin or the like.

Further, the outer side of the fixing members 23 and 24 is a partition wall 2.
9 and 30, thereby forming header chambers 31, 32, 33, and 34. A blood inlet 35 and a blood cell outlet 36 are provided on the primary hollow fiber membrane 21 side of the case 20 in communication with the header chambers 31 and 34, and a blood inlet 35 and a blood cell outlet 36 are provided on the secondary hollow fiber membrane 22 side in communication with the header chamber 33. A small molecular weight plasma component outlet 38 is provided. Furthermore, the case 20 includes a drain outlet 3 that communicates with the inside of the case.
9 and an inlet 40 for waste liquid recirculation are provided.

Note that the header chamber 32 is not particularly necessary in the present invention, and may be filled with the polyurethane, resin, etc., for example.

On the other hand, the hollow fiber membranes 21 and 22 have different pore sizes, for example, the primary hollow fiber membrane 21
The secondary hollow fiber membrane 22 has a pore size that does not allow blood cell components to pass through, but allows all plasma components to pass through, and a pore size that does not allow large and medium molecular weight plasma components to pass through, but allows small molecular weight plasma components to pass through. be done.

On the other hand, a blood inflow circuit 41 in which a pump P10 is arranged is connected to the blood outlet 35, and a blood return circuit 42 is connected to the blood cell outlet 36.
Further, a purified plasma circuit 50 in which P11 is arranged is connected to the small molecular weight plasma component outlet 38, and the circuit 50 is configured to merge with the blood reflux circuit 42.

In this embodiment, blood from the patient is first introduced into the primary hollow fiber membrane 21 from the blood inlet 35 through the blood inflow circuit 41 by the pump _P10 . Blood cell components and plasma components are separated in this primary hollow fiber membrane 21, that is, the plasma components are flowed out of the membrane by the positive pressure of the pump _P10 , and the blood cell components are passed through the outlet 36 to the blood reflux circuit 42. is returned to the body.

Further, negative pressure is applied to the secondary hollow fiber membrane 22 by the pump P ₁₁ , and as mentioned above, the case 20
The plasma components flowing into the secondary hollow fiber membrane 22
The plasma is separated into large and medium molecular weight plasma components, which contain many harmful substances, and small molecular weight plasma components, which are useful substances. That is, the small molecular weight plasma components flow into the secondary hollow fiber membrane 22, are guided from the outlet 28 to the blood reflux circuit 42 by the pump _P11 , merge with blood cell components, and are returned to the body, while large and medium molecular weight plasma components The components are discharged to the outside of the case 20 from the drain outlet 39.

In order to increase the efficiency of such plasma component separation, a method of recirculating large and medium molecular weight plasma components may also be considered. For this, one side of the large/medium molecular weight plasma component recirculation circuit 43 is connected to the drain outlet 39, the other side of the same circuit is connected to the inlet 40, and the pump
P ₁₂ leads large and medium molecular weight plasma components to the same circuit 43 and recirculates them within the case 20. In this case, the large and medium molecular weight plasma components being recirculated are preferably discharged by pump P ₁₃ , which has a lower flow rate than pump P ₁₂ .

FIGS. 3 and 3-a show other embodiments of double-layer plasmapheresis, in which the primary hollow fiber membranes 21 and 2 of FIG. One or more baffle plates 44 are provided between the hollow fiber membrane 22 and the next hollow fiber membrane 22. As a result, the plasma components flow in a meandering manner within the case 20 as shown by the arrow, and while flowing to the discharge outlet 39, large and medium molecular weight plasma components are concentrated.

According to the present invention as described above, the entire device is more compact than conventional devices, and since there is no need to use various body fluid circuits, it is easy to handle and can be mass-produced at relatively low cost. Further, according to the present invention, blood flows through the first hollow fiber membrane and the second hollow fiber membrane in parallel, and blood cell components are not flowed into the second hollow fiber membrane. There is no risk of clogging, residual blood, or even occlusion in the membrane, and only small molecular weight plasma components can be efficiently permeated. In particular, a purified plasma circuit is connected to the outlet of the small molecular weight plasma component, and the circuit is provided with a pump that applies negative pressure to the second hollow fiber membrane.
It is possible to control the TMP of only the second hollow fiber membrane, prevent abnormal pressure on the second hollow fiber membrane, and control TMP so that small molecular weight components can always be efficiently permeated. It is effective.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional double-pass plasma separation device, FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of the double-pass plasma separation device of the present invention, and FIG. 2-a is a schematic diagram of a conventional double-pass plasma separation device. −
A sectional view, FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3-a is a BB sectional view in FIG. 3. In the figure, 20 is a case, 21 is a primary hollow fiber membrane, 2
2 is a secondary hollow fiber membrane, 29 and 30 are partition walls, 35 is a blood inlet, 36 is a blood cell outlet, 38 is a small molecular weight plasma component outlet, 39 is a drainage outlet, and 44 is a baffle plate.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] A first hollow fiber membrane bundle and a second hollow fiber membrane bundle are separately housed in a single case, and the first hollow fiber membrane has a pore size that does not allow blood cell components to pass through but allows plasma components to pass through, and the second The hollow fiber membrane has a pore size that does not allow large and medium molecular weight plasma components to pass through, but allows small molecular weight plasma components to pass through, and one end of the case on the first hollow fiber membrane bundle side communicates with the inside of the first hollow fiber membrane, A blood inlet connected to the blood inflow circuit and a blood cell outlet connected to the blood circulation circuit are provided at the other end, and one end on the second hollow fiber membrane bundle side is provided with a blood inlet connected to the blood inflow circuit, and a blood cell outlet connected to the blood circulation circuit at the other end. a small molecular weight plasma liquid outlet connected to a purified plasma circuit that communicates with the blood reflux circuit and merges with the blood reflux circuit, and the other end of the second hollow fiber membrane bundle is sealed and further connected to the small molecular weight plasma liquid outlet. The purified plasma circuit is provided with a pump for applying negative pressure to the second hollow fiber membrane bundle, and the case is further provided with a drainage outlet for discharging large and medium molecular weight plasma components. Double-layer plasma separation device.