JPS62152995A - Reversing device in motorcycle, etc. - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a reversing device for a motorcycle or the like that utilizes a t-c motor provided in the motorcycle or the like.

[Prior Art] Normally, with a motorcycle, it is sufficient to consider only the forward movement mechanism, and a reverse movement mechanism is not necessary. However, it is not easy to push a large motorcycle manually, and it takes effort to push it backwards. For this reason, large O-1
- Pi drives the motorcycle backwards by a rel motor.
Some machines are equipped with a mechanism to do so. In other words, the starter motor is reversed, and this is used as a power source to move the motorcycle backwards.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, in the past, when reversing, the torque of the starter motor was not controlled. , there was a problem that the reverse speed changed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above circumstances, it is an object of the present invention to provide a reversing device for a motorcycle or the like that can eliminate fluctuations in reversing speed due to changes in load or changes in road surface conditions.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a forward rotation drive means that applies a steady voltage to a motor in the positive direction to rotate the motor in the forward direction, and a drive means for driving the motor. a speed detection means for detecting the speed; a comparison means for comparing the detection result of the speed detection means with a preset target value; At the same time, when the detected speed is higher than the target value based on the comparison result of the comparison means, the pulse width of the pulse voltage is narrowed, and when the detection speed is lower than the target value, the pulse width of the pulse voltage is narrowed. It is characterized by comprising a reversing drive means for widening the width.

[Effect] With the above configuration, the vehicle speed is made to match the target value.

[Embodiment] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram illustrating a motor drive circuit for a reversing device in a motorcycle or the like according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this figure, NS is a Nikor 1~ral switch,
Gear is in neutral]? 7, contacts NS1 and NS2 are brought into conduction.

Further, O8 is a clutch switch, which brings contacts C81 and O32 into conduction when the clutch is disengaged. Further, ts has a starter switch C and is operated by the driver to bring the contacts ts1 and ts2 into a conductive state. On the other hand, SS is a seat switch, which makes contacts SS1 and SS2 conductive when the driver is seated on the seat. Also, R
8 is a reverse switch, which is operated by the driver by pressing J: to bring contacts R31 and R82 into a conductive state.

Next, 1 is a battery mounted on the motorcycle, its (-) terminal is grounded, and its (+) terminal is connected to the terminal MSI of the magnetic switch MS. This magnetic switch MS has four terminals MS1 to MS/
It consists of movable contacts S1 and S2, and coils DC1 and DC2 that drive these contacts.The movable contact S1 connects terminals MS2 and MS when coil DC1 is not excited.
When the coil DC1 is excited, MS2 and MS2 are brought into a non-conducting state and terminals MS1 and MS2 are brought into a conductive state. Furthermore, when the coil DC2 is not excited, the movable contact S2 brings the terminals MS3 and MS4 into a conductive state and also puts the terminals MS1 and MS4 into a non-conductive state, while when the coil DC2 is excited, the movable contact S2 brings the terminals MS3 and MS4 into a conductive state. At the same time, the terminals MS1 and MS4 are brought into a conductive state. Here, the terminal MS2 is connected via the starter motor 2.
It is connected to one end 10a of the switching unit 10 shown in FIG. 2, and the other end 10b of the switching unit 10 is connected to a terminal MS4 of a magnetic switch MS. Further, the terminal MS3 of the magnetic switch MS is grounded.

The switching unit 10 is in a conductive state when the potential of the other end 10b is higher than that of the end 10a, while the one end 10 is in a conductive state.
When the potential of a is higher than the potential of the other end 1011, the potential of the gate terminal 10c becomes conductive or non-conductive.

That is, the switching unit 1o switches the gate terminal 1 when the potential of one block 10a is higher than the potential of other m1ob.
When 0b is grounded, it becomes conductive, while gate terminal 1
When 0c is floated, it becomes non-conductive. Furthermore, to explain the energizing circuit of the starter motor 2, when the coil DC2 is energized in the magnet switch MS and the coil 1]c1 is in a de-energized state, the terminals MS1 and MS4 and the terminals MS2 and MS3 are respectively conducted. .

As a result, the potential at the other end 1ob of the switching unit 10 becomes higher than the potential J at the end 10a, and therefore, from the battery 1, terminal MS1→end MS4→other end 10b→one end 10a→start motor 2→panel MS2→terminal MS3. A current flows through the path, and the starter motor 2 rotates in the normal direction.

On the other hand, when the coil DC1 is energized and the coil DC2 is de-energized, the terminal MSI $2 and the terminals MS3 and MS4 are electrically connected.

As a result, the potential at one end 10a of the switching unit 10 becomes higher than the potential at the other end 10b, and therefore, when the gate terminal 10c of the switching unit 10 is grounded, the potential at the one end 10a of the switching unit 10 becomes higher than the potential at the other end 10b.
→ Serum motor 2 → One end 10a → Other end 10b - + terminal MS
4-) Current flows through the path of terminal MS3, and starter motor 2 reverses. In this case, the gate terminal 10C is intermittently grounded, so that the switching unit 10 is continuously turned on and off, and the starting motor 2 is subjected to chopper control. That is, when the starter motor 2 rotates in the normal direction, a steady current is supplied to it, while when it rotates in the reverse direction, it is chopper-controlled by a pulse current.

When the starter motor 2 rotates forward, as shown in FIG.
The output shaft 20 rotates clockwise (in the six directions of arrows in the figure).

As a result, the starter pinion 22 provided with the one-way clutch 21 rotates, the driven gear 23 meshing with the starter pinion 22 rotates, and the crankshaft (not shown) of the engine rotates.

On the other hand, when the motor 2 rotates in reverse, the output shaft 20 rotates counterclockwise (in the direction of arrow B in the figure).

As a result, the back pinion 2/I rotates, the driven gear 25 meshing therewith rotates, and the drive shaft 26 rotates. As the drive shaft 26 rotates, wheels (not shown) rotate, causing the vehicle to travel backwards. In addition, the driven gear 25 has 1
A direction clutch 27 is provided. Moreover, the driven gear 25 moves in the direction of the arrow and engages with the back pinion 24 only when the vehicle is running backwards.

In this way, the starter motor 2 functions as a starter for the forward rotation engine, and the reverse rotation function as a power source for reverse travel.

Now, in FIG. 1, the (''-) terminal of the battery 1 is connected via the neutral indicator 3 to the contact NS1 of the -C1 Nicotral switch NS. In this case, contact NS2 of 41a lj of neutral switch NS is grounded, and as a result, 1! When the a is in the neutral position, current flows through the neutral indicator 3 and the neutral switch NS, and the neutral indicator 3 lights up.

Further, the (+) terminal of the battery 1 is connected to a contact ts1 of a starter switch ts via a fuse 4 and to a normally closed contact BL2 of a relay BL via a coil FLC of a relay FL.

This relay BL excites the drive coil DC1 of the magnetic switch MS to drive the movable contact $1, and its normally closed contact BL2 is connected to the contact ts2 of the starter switch ts via the drive coil DC. . Further, one end of the coil BLC is grounded, and the other end is connected to a contact FL1 of the relay FL. Also, this relay B
Contact G of relay GL is connected to contact G of relay GL via seat switch SS and reverse switch R3, which are connected in series.
L1, and also the contact NS of the neutral switch NS via the coil GLC of this relay GL.
Connected to 1.

On the other hand, the relay FL excites the drive coil DC2 of the magnetic switch MS to drive the movable contact S2, and its normally closed contact FL,1 is connected to the contact C81 of the clutch switch C8 via the drive coil DC2. It is also connected to a contact NS1 of a neutral switch NS via a diode 5. Further, the other normally closed contact FL2 of the current 1/NO [L is connected to the starter switch tS (D contact ts1).

The relay GL is used to switch the driven gear 25, and its contact G12 is grounded via a solenoid 6. This solenoid 6 is energized and moves the driven gear 25 in a direction indicated by the arrow C. Move it towards the back pinion and engage it with the back pinion 2/I.

Note that the contact C82 of the clutch switch O8 is grounded.

Next, FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of essential parts of the motor drive circuit. In this figure, the control unit 11 at J3 turns on and off the switching unit 10 based on the detection result of the speed sensor 12 during reverse travel, and controls the rotation of the starting motor 2 using a chopper to keep the reverse speed constant. To explain further, the speed sensor 12 converts the rotational speed of the wheel into a voltage signal corresponding to the rotational speed and supplies it to the control unit 11. In this case, as the rotation speed increases, the voltage signal becomes higher in potential. The control unit 11 is a reference voltage generator 1
3, a comparator 14, an oscillator 15, a duty converter 16, and a transistor 17. The voltage signal output from the speed sensor 12 is supplied to the comparator 14. The comparator 14 compares this voltage signal with the reference voltage supplied from the reference voltage generator 13, and supplies the difference as a voltage signal @ (difference signal) to the duty converter 16. Note that the reference voltage output from the reference voltage generator 13 is set in advance.

The duty converter 16 is driven by a fixed period trigger signal supplied from the oscillator 15, and is driven by the oscillator 15.
A pulse signal is output every time a trigger signal is supplied from 5. In this case, the dual-eye converter 16 widens or narrows the pulse width of the pulse signal based on the difference No. 151 supplied from the comparator 14. That is, the duty converter 1G has a difference signal of O, that is, the speed sensor "1".
When the voltage signal outputted from 2 and the reference voltage supplied from the reference voltage generator 13 are equal, pulse No. 41 is output with a predetermined pulse width (reference pulse width), and a difference signal is output. When the above voltage signal becomes lower than the reference voltage, the pulse width of the pulse signal is widened according to that value. When it becomes higher than the voltage, the pulse width of the pulse signal is narrowed according to the value. This pulse signal is supplied to the base of transistor 17, and transistor 17 is turned on and off. The collectors of the transistors 1 to 17 are connected to the terminals 1 to 10c of the switching circuits 1 to 10, so that each time a pulse is output from the duty converter 16,
The switching unit 10 is turned on for the duration of the pulse width, and current is supplied to the starter motor 2. Note that the reference pulse width is determined as follows. That is, when the switching unit 10 is turned on and off with this reference pulse width, a vehicle weighing, for example, 800 kg can be driven at approximately 1 km/h on a flat road.

(The speed at this time is referred to as the target speed.) Also, if the average current flowing through the starter motor 2 when turned on and off with the reference pulse width is I, then the duty converter 16 is kxT (k is The pulse width is widened so that a current of a value determined by the torque characteristics of the motor is passed. That is, the duty converter 16 causes a large current to flow through the temporary starter motor 2 at the start of back travel. (See FIG. 3) This causes the starting motor 2 to generate a large torque at the time of startup.

The operation of the reversing device in a motorcycle or the like having the above configuration will be explained.

(1) Engine Start To start the engine, the driver should set the gear to the neutral position and turn on the new I-Ral Switch NS, or turn off the clutch and turn on the clutch switch C8, then turn on the starter switch TS. Turn it on. J: Contacts FL1 and F of relay FL
L 2-) Current flows from Barakuri 1 via exciting coil DC2 → C3 (or NS), and the current flows from exciting coil DC2
is excited.

On the other hand, current also flows through the coil BLC of the relay BL via the contacts F1-1 and FL2 of the relay FL, and as a result, the relay BL is turned off, so no current flows through the exciting coil DC1. As a result, the terminals MS1 and MS/I and MS2 and MS3 of the magnetic switch MS become conductive, and therefore, the terminal MSI→terminal MS
A steady current flows from the battery 1 through the path 4-→switching unit 10→starter motor 2→terminal MS2→terminal MS3, and the starter motor 2 rotates normally. This is transmitted to the engine via starter gear 22 and driven gear 23, and the engine is started.

(2) Reverse Travel To travel in reverse, the driver sits on the seat, sets the gear to neutral, turns on each of the sheath switch SS and the neutral switch NS, and then turns on the reverse switch R8. As a result, coil FLC of relay FL → contacts BL1 and BL2 of relay BL →
Sheath switch SS → River switch R8 → Relay GL
Current flows from the battery via coil GLC→neutral switch NS, turning off relay FL and turning on relay GL. By turning on the relay GL, the solenoid 6 is energized, and the driven gear 25
is displaced and meshes with the back pinion 24. Next, when the driver turns on the start switch ts, the excitation coil O
A current flows through C1, and exciting coil DC1 is excited. On the other hand, since relay FL is turned off, exciting coil DC
No current flows through 2. As a result, terminals MS1 and MS2 of magnetic switch MS and terminals MS3 and MS
4 become conductive, and one end 10a of the switching unit 10 has a potential with respect to the narrow end 101). The gate terminal 10C of this switching unit 1o is intermittently grounded, so that a pulse current is supplied to the T cell motor 2, and the cell motor 2 is reversed. This is transmitted to the drive shift V-shift 26 via the back pinion 24 and the driven gear 25, the wheels rotate, and the autopilot runs backwards.

This speed during reverse travel is detected by the speed controller 12, converted into a voltage signal Σ], and supplied to the comparator 14. The comparator 14 compares this voltage signal with the base potential supplied from the reference voltage generator 13, and the difference between them is supplied to the duty converter 16 as a difference signal.

In the 7" J-T converter 16, a pulse signal is generated and output every time the 1 to RIGA signals are supplied from the oscillator 15. In this case, the difference signal is a positive value, that is, the voltage signal is the reference. If the potential is lower than the reference potential, the pulse width of the pulse signal Y is widened, whereas if the difference signal is negative Iff, 1, that is, if the voltage signal is higher than the reference potential, the pulse width is narrowed. This pulse width is equal to the energization time to the starter motor 2, and therefore, the wider the pulse width, the larger the average current flowing to the starter motor 2, while the narrower the pulse width, the smaller the average current flowing to the starter motor 2.In other words, If the running speed becomes slower than the target speed, the pulse width becomes wider and the average current flowing through the starting motor 2 increases, increasing the torque of the starting motor 2 and increasing the rotation speed.This increases the running speed.On the other hand,
When the running speed becomes faster than the target speed, the pulse width becomes narrower, the average current flowing through the starting motor 2 becomes smaller, the torque of the starting motor 2 decreases, and the rotational speed decreases.This causes the running speed to slow down.

In this way, when traveling in reverse, if the traveling speed becomes slower than the target speed, the rotational speed of starter motor 2 increases, and if the traveling speed becomes faster than the target speed, the rotational speed of starter motor 2 decreases. Even if the situation changes, the traveling speed remains constant.

J3, in this embodiment, the reference pulse width is set constant, but if this can be changed by setting, the target running speed fj 1α during backing can be made variable.

[Effects of the Invention] As explained above, the present invention includes a speed detection means for detecting the drive speed of the motor, and a detection result of the 11(f opening speed detection means), which is compared with the preset [1161f+]. a comparing means, applying pulse lightning 1" to the motor in the opposite direction at a constant period to reverse the motor, and determining that the comparison result of the comparing means is 34 tons; 1) the detected speed is lower than the target planting speed; The reverse drive means narrows the pulse width of the pulse voltage when the voltage is high, and widens the pulse width of the pulse voltage when the detection means is lower than the target value. The 5JJ average?If flow supplied to the motor is controlled, and the rotational speed of the motor is maintained at a constant target value even as the load fluctuates.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of a motor drive circuit for a reversing device in a motorcycle or the like according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the main parts of the drive circuit. figure,
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the change in average current when the motor starts to reverse rotation, and FIG. 4 is a perspective view without showing the drive mechanism. 2... Cell motor (motor), 10...
- Switching unit, MS... Magnet switch, 12... Speed sensor (speed detection means), 14... Comparator (comparison means). −19=

Claims (1)

[Claims] forward rotation drive means for applying a steady voltage to the motor in the forward direction to rotate the motor in the forward direction; speed detection means for detecting the drive speed of the motor; a comparison means for comparing the value, and a pulse voltage is applied to the motor in a reverse direction at a constant cycle to reverse the motor, and when the detected speed is higher than the target value based on the comparison result of the comparison means; A reversing device for a motorcycle or the like, comprising a reverse drive means that narrows the pulse width of the pulse voltage and widens the pulse width of the pulse voltage when the detection means is lower than the target value.