JPS6191001A - Modifying container apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make a plane temperature distribution in a modifying container uniform, to raise modification reaction efficiency of a hydrocarbon raw material gas, and to prevent local damage of modifying pipes, by setting a specific partition wall between the top of modifying pipe in the modifying container and a burner. CONSTITUTION:The disk partition wall 17 made of a heat-resistant member such as heat- resistant ceramic, heat-resistant steel, etc., having a great number of the holes 18 is set between the burner 4 laid at he top of the modifying container 1 and the top of the modifying pipes 9 at the lower part of the container, the covers 19 having larger diameter than the hole 18, supported by the columnar supports 20, are set at the top of the holes 18, and the exhaust gas dispersing containers 21, truncated cones having diameters larger than the holes 18, supported by the columnar supports 22, are laid under the holes 18. A fuel from the conduit 2 is mixed with air from the conduit 3, a high-temperature combustion gas of the main burner 4 ignited by the auxiliary burner 7 is sent through the columnar supports 20, the covers 19, the holes 18, the dispersing containers 21 and the columnar supports 22 to make a plane temperature distribution uniform, the gas is made to flow down between the modifying pipes while heating it, the pipes are heated through the ceramic balls 11 in the conduits 10, and a mixed gas of a raw material hydrocarbon gas and steam in the pipes 9 is modified.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention provides an improvement that uniformizes the planar temperature distribution within a reformer to efficiently promote the reforming reaction of a hydrocarbon-based raw material gas. Regarding quality equipment.

[Technical background of the invention]

In recent years, research into the development and practical application of fuel cells has attracted much attention and interest.By oxidizing the chemical energy of fuel through an electrochemical process, the energy released during the oxidation reaction can be directly converted into electricity. It is a device that converts energy into energy. A power generation plant using this fuel cell has a thermal efficiency of 40 to 50% even on a relatively small scale.
It is expected that it will reach even more power than new thermal power plants. In addition, sulfur oxides are a pollution factor that has become a major social problem in recent years.

Emissions of nitrogen oxides are extremely low. Furthermore, since the power generator does not include a combustion cycle, it can be expected to have high energy conversion efficiency in principle, such as not requiring a large amount of cooling water and low vibration noise, as well as reducing environmental problems such as noise and exhaust gas. Furthermore, it has features such as good responsiveness to load fluctuations. In a power generation plant using such a fuel cell, hydrogen gas obtained by mixing water vapor with hydrocarbon-based raw material gas such as natural gas and heating it in a reformer, and other systems. In many cases, the air from the fuel cell and the compressor are supplied to the fuel cell for an oxidation reaction to generate electricity.

Figure 2 shows a vertical cross-sectional view of an example of a reformer installed in this type of fuel cell power generation plant, and Figure 3 shows a
This is a plan view taken along the line Ill in the figure. In the figure, inside the reformer container 1 is a main burner that introduces fuel from a conduit 2 connected to a fuel tank (not shown) and air from a conduit 3 connected to an air supply machine (not shown), mixes the mixture, and burns the mixture. -4 is arranged, and an auxiliary burner 7 is provided, into which fuel and air are respectively introduced from a conduit 6 and an electric ignition device at the tip for igniting the main burner -4. There is. The high-temperature combustion exhaust gas from the main burner 4 flows through the heating chamber 8, passes through the outer circumferential space of the reforming tube 9 having an annular cross section, passes through the conduit 10 holding the ceramic balls 11 in the lower layer, and further The gas is discharged to the outside of the reformer container 1 through an exhaust gas pipe 12 communicating therewith, and is led to a turbo compressor (not shown) to contribute to its operation. On the other hand, a mixed gas of hydrocarbon-based raw material gas such as natural gas and water vapor is introduced through the isotube 13, and is introduced into the reforming catalyst layer (hereinafter simply referred to as catalyst layer) 14 in the reforming tube 9.
It passes through a conduit that holds.

During this passage, a reforming reaction takes place due to heating and catalytic action, and the gas is reformed into hydrogen-rich gas. This reformed gas is led to the outside of the reformer vessel 1 via a conduit 15 in the reforming tube 9 and further via a conduit 16 communicating with this, and from this the carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas is removed. The carbon dioxide is supplied to a fuel cell (not shown) via a transformer (not shown) that converts it into carbon dioxide, thereby contributing to power generation.

[Problems with background technology]

By the way, in the above-mentioned reformer, the temperature of the mixed gas of raw material gas and steam on the reforming tube 9 population side is 427
It is necessary to control the temperature to not less than C and not more than 510C. The reason for this is that when the temperature falls below 427C, polypropylene is deposited on the catalyst layer 14, deteriorating the performance of the catalyst, and when the temperature rises above 510C, the mixed gas decomposes and produces carpin.
This penetrates into the structure of the catalyst layer 14 and destroys the catalyst.
This is because the powder is pulverized and the differential pressure inside the reforming tube 9 is increased.

In reality, the mixed gas of raw material gas and water vapor introduced from the lower part into the reforming tube 9 in the reformer container 1 flows into the reforming tube 9.
As the catalyst layer 14 inside rises, the temperature rises and 7
The main/? - The heating of the reforming tube 9 is controlled by the heater i. In addition, the hydrogen-rich gas reformed by this transfers heat to the catalyst layer 14 while flowing down the conduit 15 inside from the top of the reforming tube 9, and on the exit side of the reforming tube 9, approximately 593 GK
I try to control it.

From the above explanation, in order to reform the mixed gas of raw material gas and steam into a hydrogen-rich gas in the catalyst bed 14 filled in the reforming tube 9, it is necessary to heat the reforming tube 9 from the heating chamber 8. It can be seen that it must be done efficiently, flatly and uniformly.

However, in conventional reformers, during combustion in the main burner 4, the flame from the burner nozzle takes on a conical shape.
In reality, the planar temperature distribution in the heating chamber 8 of the reformer vessel 1 is not uniform, and there is a height difference in the planar heat receiving temperature of the many reforming tubes 9 provided. Therefore, since the catalyst layer 14 has a non-uniform temperature in order to give the reforming tube 9 a non-uniform temperature on a plane, it does not cause the reforming reaction efficiency to deteriorate, but instead becomes a locally high-temperature part. There are problems such as damage to the top of the reforming tube 9.

[Purpose of the invention]

The present invention was made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to heat a plurality of reforming tubes in a heating chamber uniformly in a plane, thereby increasing the reforming reaction efficiency and improving the reforming reaction efficiency. An object of the present invention is to provide a reformer device that can prevent local damage to quality tubes.

[Summary of the invention]

In order to achieve the above object, the reformer device of the present invention provides a partition wall made of a heat-resistant member having a large number of holes between the top of the reforming tube and the burner in the reformer container, and the partition wall A lid body supported by a strut is separately arranged on the burner side of the six holes, and an exhaust gas diffuser supported by a strut is held on the reforming tube side of the six holes of the partition wall. Features:

[Embodiments of the invention]

Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an example of the structure of a reformer device according to the present invention, and the same parts as in FIGS. 2 and 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals.

In FIG. 1, there is a main burner at the top of the reformer vessel 1.
4 is provided, and its combustion port is located inside the reformer vessel 1.

Further, an auxiliary burner 7 having an electric ignition device in its combustion nozzle is arranged so as to be able to ignite the main burner 4.D Furthermore, in the lower part of the main burner 4, a number of holes 18 are respectively provided. A disk-shaped partition 17 is provided, and the partition 17 is
Above the six holes 18, that is, on the side of the main burner 4, a lid body 19 supported by a column 20 is separately provided, and the partition wall 17
An exhaust gas diffuser 2 supported by a strut 22 is held at the bottom of the 6 holes 18 on the reformer tube 9 side. The diameter of the exhaust gas diffuser 21 should be larger than that of the hole 18 of the partition wall 17.
The diameter of the truncated cone is larger than the diameter of the truncated cone. On the other hand, below the partition wall 17, a plurality of reforming pipes 9 each having an annular cross section are arranged at equal intervals. Further, in the combustion chamber 8a of the partition wall 17 of the reformer container 1, the high temperature combustion exhaust gas combusted in the main burner 4 passes through the holes 18 provided in the partition wall 17 from between the pillars 20 of the lid body 19, and then passes through the holes 18 provided in the partition wall 17 at the lower part. Exhaust gas diffuser 21 installed in
The water passes through the gaps between the plurality of reforming tubes 9 while heating the reforming tubes 9, and passes through the conduit 1o filled with ceramic balls 11 on the lower outer periphery of the reforming tubes 9. and discharge it to the outside of the reformer container 1 from the conduit 12 communicating with this,
1. To contribute to the operation of a turbo compressor (not shown) that utilizes exhaust gas heat and releases exhaust gas. The mixed gas of the chair and water vapor is introduced from the conduit 13, and the catalyst layer 1 filled inside the reforming tube 9
4, enters the conduit 15 inside the top of the reforming tube 9, leads the hydrogen-rich reformed gas out of the reformer container through the conduit 16 communicating with the reformer, and converts it into fuel via a shift converter (not shown). It is used to supply fuel to batteries. Note that the partition wall 17 described above is made of a heat-resistant member such as heat-resistant ceramic.

In the reformer device configured as described above, a mixed gas of raw material gas and steam is combusted by the main burner 4 in the combustion chamber 8a formed by the partition wall 17, and the high temperature combustion exhaust gas is passed through the lid 19. The mixed flow flows between the pillars 20, passes through the holes 18 of the partition wall 17, and is diffused and mixed between the pillars 22 of the exhaust gas diffuser 2 provided at the bottom thereof, so that the hot water temperature distribution on the plane is It becomes uniform. The combustion exhaust gas that has become uniform on this plane flows down into the plurality of reforming tubes 9 in the heating chamber 8b while being uniformly heated on the plane, and gives heat to the ceramic sphere 11 held in the conduit 10. This makes it possible to heat the lower part of the reforming tube 9 uniformly and with high thermal efficiency. On the other hand, the mixed gas of raw material gas and water vapor introduced into the plurality of reforming tubes 9 is introduced into the catalyst layer 14 held on the inner wall side of the reforming tubes 9. The lower part of the reforming tube 9 where the heat is transferred by the bulb 11 is heated, and as it flows upward from this point, it is heated to an appropriate temperature for carrying out a hydrogen-rich reforming reaction. The hydrogen-rich reformed gas that has undergone this reforming reaction and passed through the catalyst layer 14 is heated to about 360C at the top of the reforming tube 9.
It curves and flows downward along the inside of the catalyst layer 14 holding cylindrical plate,
Since the mechanism is such that the heat is transferred to the catalyst layer 14 and guided out of the reformer container 1 via the conduit 16, the temperature in the catalyst layer 14 is uniformly controlled to the appropriate temperature required for reforming. As a result, the efficiency of the reforming reaction is improved, and the temperature distribution in the heating chamber 8b is made uniform and the temperature locally becomes high, thereby making it possible to prevent damage to the reforming tube 9.

As described above, according to the reformer device having this configuration, it is possible to uniformly heat the plurality of reforming tubes 9 provided in the reformer container 1 in a two-dimensional manner. In the catalyst layer 14 in the pipe 9, it becomes possible to efficiently carry out a reforming reaction to convert the hydrocarbon-based raw material gas into a hydrogen-rich gas. Also,
Since the reforming tube 9 can be maintained in a uniformly heated state, it is possible to prevent the reforming tube 9 from becoming locally heated and being damaged.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, but can be similarly implemented in the following manner.

(a) The shape of the exhaust gas diffuser 21 may be such that the slope portion has radial irregularities or vortex-like irregularities, which improves the diffusion and mixing of the exhaust gas and lowers the temperature. It becomes possible to achieve uniformity even more efficiently.

In the above, the partition wall 17 is made of heat-resistant ceramic, but is not limited to this, and may be made of other heat-resistant material such as heat-resistant steel.

(c) In the above, the reforming tube 9 was heated by the main burner 4 provided at the upper part thereof, but the reforming tube 9 is inverted and supported at the upper part of the reformer container 1, and the main burner 4 is heated at the lower part. Alternatively, the reforming tube 9 may be heated from below.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As explained above, according to the present invention, it is possible to uniformly heat a plurality of reforming tubes in a heating chamber in a plane, thereby increasing the reforming reaction efficiency and preventing local damage to the reforming tubes. A reformer device capable of this can be provided.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an embodiment of the reformer device of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a conventional reformer, and FIG.
This is a plan view taken along the line I-■ in the figure. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Reformer container, 4... Main burner, 7... Auxiliary burner, 8a... Combustion chamber, 8b... Warming room, 9
... Reforming tube, l no. Ceramic bulb, 14... Catalyst layer, 17... Partition wall, 18... Hole, 19... Lid body, 20. 22... Support column, 21 ...Exhaust gas diffuser.

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) A plurality of reforming tubes each having an annular cross-section, one end of which is sealed and a reforming catalyst layer provided inside, are arranged inside the reformer container, and combustion gas and combustion air are supplied to the burner. The high-temperature combustion exhaust gas obtained by combustion is caused to flow from one end of the reforming tube through the outside to the outside from the other end, and a mixed gas of raw material gas and water vapor is allowed to flow in from the other end of the reforming tube. In a reformer configured to reform into a reformed gas through a reforming catalyst layer and to flow out from one end of the reformed gas through an inner tube and the other end, between one end of the reforming tube and the burner, A partition wall made of a heat-resistant material having a large number of holes is provided, a lid body supported by a support is provided separately on the burner side of each hole of the partition wall, and a reforming pipe side of each hole of the partition wall is provided separately. A reformer device characterized in that it holds an exhaust gas diffuser supported by struts. (2) The reformer device according to claim (1), wherein the diameter of the lid is larger than the diameter of the hole in the partition wall. (3) The reformer device according to claim (1), wherein the exhaust gas diffuser is a truncated cone having a diameter larger than the diameter of the hole in the partition wall. (4) Claim No. (4) characterized in that heat-resistant ceramic or heat-resistant steel is used as the heat-resistant member.
The reformer device described in section 1).