JPS61286981A - Wind and course calculator for navigation - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a method by which a navigator on board can immediately detect the true wind (direction 1) during a voyage.
strength, wind strength), heading (bow direction), sailing attitude (trim), drift (drift), etc.
This invention relates to a wind and course calculator for navigation, which allows wind speeds to be determined without writing them down on drawings and without making mistakes. In addition, in many cases where there are ocean currents, the present invention can also determine the surface wind, the heading to be taken for runoff correction, the basic course, and the future surface wind associated with the generation of ocean currents.

The calculator of the invention is applicable to all ships, and is generally used in sailing ships, especially racing sailing ships.

Various parameters are usually obtained by graphical methods,
It requires a map desk, paper or charts, a pencil, a compass, and there is a danger of making mistakes if done carelessly.

Also, a wind calculator in which several rotary scales with graduations, a fixed scale with opposite scales, and several scales with scales moving in the opposite direction to the fixed scale scale are superimposed, −
Some calculators have a set of disks that can be translated in parallel to the opposite side of a fixed landmark, such as a graduated scale. Such calculators are complex in construction and very difficult to read due to the large number of rotating parts required for operation.

The present invention is very simple in construction and therefore provides the navigator with a calculator that is very easy to use. The features of the present invention are as follows. Thus, one invention includes two overlapping disks made of transparent material. - A concentric network of radii corresponding to velocities
c civcles) and a group of straight lines converging at the center of the disk corresponding to angular values of headings ranging from 0° to 360''; A mark on the supporting disk that indicates the direction of ocean current or heading, and an angular sail-ing trim value of the ship at its peripheral portion that protrudes from the movable disk.
values), i.e. values in the direction of the ship's longitudinal axis with respect to the direction of the wind, a speed scale with its origin at the center of the support disk, marked on a radius identical to the movable disk concentric network and oriented in the heading direction. It is a supporting disc. On the opposite side of the support disc there is a pointer in its center that rotates around its fixed point and a slider that slides along this pointer.
5lider (sliding device), and this slider is provided with guide marks (marks) for reading and displaying dots (paints). The upper surface of the supporting disc has two guiding devices arranged parallel to the radius facing the heading indicator and symmetrically about its center, the spacing of which corresponds to the diameter of the movable disc. A movable desk is placed between the two devices.

In contrast to known constructions, the calculator of the invention in fact only comprises a single rotatable and translatable disc associated with a rotary pointer with a slider, which slider can be adjusted by its reading point. , gives reading and display of all calculated parameters.

According to another feature of the invention, the center of the movable disk forms a reference for positioning the movable disk as it is translated in translation on a speed scale carried on the support disk.

The peripheral part of the support disc is located on both sides of the heading indicator.
Preferably, the scale is from 1 to 180 degrees. This scale is a special reference mark that indicates the direction of the current and is located on the diametrically opposite edge of the heading indicator.

The pointer can be extended beyond its fixed point on the support disk by means of the operating arm.

Preferably, the peripheral edge of the pointer carrying the arrow is guided by a circular groove integral with the support disc, which groove holds the pointer against the support disc.

A stop (5top, stop device t) fixed to the support disk determines the limits of movement of the movable disk and places it concentrically relative to the support disk.

Additionally, one or more stops fixed to the support disk determine the opposite limits of movement of the movable disk to prevent dislodgement of the movable disk.

Associated with each parallel guide of the movable disc is a flange forming a sliding device with the wall of the guide,
A movable device slides within the sliding device.

The support disc is graduated in knots.

Its speed scale corresponds to the speed of the ship or ocean current.

The scale of the concentric ring on the movable disc is graduated in knots and corresponds to wind speed, current speed, and ship speed; these circles are on the Beaufort scale.
fort 5cale) 0) It is divided into areas that define various areas.

Other features of the invention will become apparent from the following description and drawings of an illustrative embodiment.
) and the support disk (2) are made of a transparent material, such as an acrylate-based plastic material.

A movable disk (1) of approximately 14-diameter has a scale from 0 to 360 realized by straight lines converging at its center and a concentric network indicating the speed in knots. The speed corresponding to concentric circles is not only the speed of the ocean current and the speed of the ship, but also
As it also relates to the speed of the wind, the concentric circles r+, has.

This concentric network is conveniently etched or printed onto a transparent plastic material. Center of disk (1) (
11! ! A reference for positioning the movable disk is created by translating the movable disk relative to a fixed graduation on the support disk.

A support disk approximately 181 m in diameter is also made of transparent material and contains instructions. This vessel has two equal parts, a 5-tar-boar on each side of its axis.
d tack) and port opening (p'ort tack)
), is divided into. These parts are divided into areas corresponding to the various sailing positions used for sailing maneuvers. On the top of this disc there is an indication "heading" with an arrow (5) located on its axis
and "ocean currents" can be seen. On both sides are the navigation attitude and 5
For each degree, a corresponding angle value is visible ranging from t15 to 180''.

On the diametrically opposite side of the instructions ``Heading'' and ``Current,'' an instruction ``Ocean current j'' with an arrow (6) can be seen.In the center of this disk is the scale of the movable disk 6 times - V, 1 arrow (5) instruction `` There is a speed scale (7) graduated in knots oriented along the radius in the heading j direction, given by n, the zero of which is at the center of the disc.

Below the disc, in its center, there is a pointer fixed by a rivet (9), extended by an operating arm (8), which at its end indicates various navigational positions and also displays a complete view of the display. Therefore, it includes an arrow QI+ surrounded by three 1@ scales on both sides. The pointer also includes two iron rods αυ on which the slider aa slides, the small transparent plate of this slider carrying marks in the form of points a3 and one point Q
3 shows the result that can be easily read from the concentric network force of the movable disk.

A circular groove integral with the disk is formed in the underside of the disk, and the groove holds the arrow OQ therein against the underside of the disk.

The upper side of the disc (2) has two guiding devices (3) arranged parallel to the speed scale (7) and symmetrically about its center.
). The spacing between the guide devices (3) corresponds to the diameter of the movable disk (1), so that the movable disk is guided during translation.

A stop (4) is fixed on the top of the support disk (2), causing the movable disk to merge with its center aFji when the movable disk abuts this stop with its lower edge. Each guide device (3) has a flange (
17). The surface of this guide device forms a sliding device which allows the movable disk to slide without being able to deflect from the flange (171 is the support disk). .

On the upper surface of the support disk there are two stops αe which prevent the movable disk from being free to dislodge upwards.

In explaining the various uses of this calculator, we will use concepts that are familiar to navigators and will be revisited below: The direction of the wind is the direction from which it is coming; refers to the direction in which it travels.

The wind of the sword (AW) is the wind that is felt on a ship in motion.

Surface wind (SW) is the wind experienced by an object floating freely on the water surface and experiencing the effects of ocean currents.

Real wind (RW) is the wind that is felt at a fixed point relative to the ocean floor.

future 5 surface wind
) (FSW) (!: refers to surface winds related to the generation of ocean currents.

71) keheading (apparent header)
ng ) (AH) is the direction of the longitudinal axis of the ship.

true heading (TH
) is the heading V) corrected for the wind flow path.

5 surface course' (S
C) is a vector that has the true heading in terms of direction and the ship speed in terms of strength.

The basic course (BC) is a vector corresponding to the ship's course on the ground color.

basic heading (basic heading)
BH) is the direction of the basic course.

If there is no current, or if the current is negligible, only true wind (TW) speed and direction parameters or only future surface wind (FSW) speed and direction parameters are calculated. The reason is that there are no other parameters7:J) et al. If there is an ocean current, the selection calculates: That is, they are true heading (TH), basic course (BC), water surface wind (SW), water surface wind (SW) and true wind (TW), water surface wind (SW) and true wind (
TW) and Future Water Surface Wind (FSW).

FIG. 4 diagrammatically shows all the vectors used in the calculations that can be made by the calculator of the invention.

The data obtained by the ship's equipment includes the speed of the draft, the direction of the wind relative to the ship's longitudinal line (navigating attitude), the flow path, the speed and direction of the boat, and the characteristics of ocean currents are tidal. Obtained from the considered map. Regarding the vector shown as the fourth factor, that is, the wind, based on the data of Komu et al., SW, hhyoFSW,
and TH regarding the course.

BCl can be calculated sequentially.

AW is the vector sum of the relative wind created by SW and SC.

SW is the vector sum of TW and the relative wind created by ocean currents.

FSW is TW and future current
It is the vector sum of the relative wind created in month t.

BC is the vector sum of SC and ocean current.

Before each operation, the movable disk is placed concentrically on the support disk by means of a stop (4).

The following steps are taken to calculate the velocity and direction of the surface wind.

The end Cfl of the pointer is the numerical value (5-1) on the navigation attitude scale corresponding to the direction of the apparent wind relative to the direction.
Figure, port opening 50'). The flow path value (Fig. 5-2, 5°) is added to this value.

Slider α2 is the force) draft speed (factor 5-3, 20
The pointer is slid along the pointer so that the reading point (131) is placed on a concentric circle corresponding to the knot.

The movable disk (1) has a true heading angle value (5-4th
35°) on the opposite side of the heading mark (5).
It is rotated once so that the

Next, the movable disc guided by the guide device (3) is slid so that the center of the movable disc is located on the numerical value of the scale (7) indicating the ship speed (Fig. 5, 7 knots).
,ru. The position of point (13) relative to the group of converging straight lines on the movable disk gives the direction of the water surface wind, and the position of the point relative to the concentric circles of the movable disk gives the speed of this wind.

In the case shown in Figures 5-1 to 5-5, the navigation attitude is 50 degrees to port, the flow path is 5 degrees, the apparent wind speed is 20 knots, and the true heading is 35 degrees. ,
The speed of the ship is 7 knots. The calculated winds are two oriented at 320'' to geographic north, and the wind speed is 17 knots.

If ocean currents can be ignored, true winds can be obtained by performing the same operations as above.

To calculate the true wind when ocean currents cannot be ignored, first set the angle value corresponding to the direction of the ocean current (110° in Figures 5-6) so that it is located opposite the heading mark (5). A movable disk is rotated. Next, the pointer is rotated so that it is located on the scale corresponding to the water surface wind direction (390°) given to the movable disk, and so that the reading point αJ is at position T on the concentric circle of the movable disk corresponding to the knot).

Slider α2 is also slid. The movable disk moves at sea current speed (
Fig. 5-8, 4 knots) is slid while maintaining its angular direction (110') so that its center is on the numerical value of η.The movable disk is moved relative to the reading point C13. Since it has been moved, the true wind direction is an angle (315°
) is the reading point a3 on the convergence line of the movable disk corresponding to
The direction of the true wind is read by observing that this point is located on the concentric circle of the movable disk corresponding to 20.5 knots, and the velocity of the true wind is read by observing that this point is located on the concentric circle of the movable disk corresponding to 20.5 knots. Furthermore, the different color segments are designated as winds of force 6 on the Beaufort scale according to the area (85-
8■, 315", 20.5 knots, force 6).

To calculate the future surface wind (FSW), the direction of the future ocean current is first indicated by rotating the movable disc with respect to the mark (6) on the bottom of the support disc. The movable disk is held in a constant position when the direction and velocity of the true wind (TW) is indicated by point (13).

Finally, the velocity of the future wind is shown by the pull of the center α of the movable disk, or its direction remains unchanged. Point αJ gives the direction, velocity, and force of the FSW on the moving disk.

The following steps are taken to calculate the course in the presence of ocean currents.

For the true heading (TH) calculation, the current is directed opposite the mark (5) by rotating the movable disk. The movable disc is held in position and the desired course, the basic course (BC), is indicated at point a4. For clear display, this point is brought on the last circle.

The speed of the ocean current maintains the direction of the moving disk.
By moving the center of the movable disk, the center α of the movable disk is pulled to the specified point n, 6° point (13, TH is read from the movable disk.

The estimated speed of the ship is displayed by sliding the slider over the pointer.

. To calculate the basic course (BC), move the movable disc so that the angle value corresponding to the current direction (Fig. 5-9, 110") is on the opposite side of the mark (6) (current) on the support disc. Rotate.The pointer moves to a point (13
Rotate it so that it comes 1.

The slider α2 is moved so that the reading point a3 is on the concentric circle of the movable disk corresponding to the speed of the ship (No. 5-1
00.35" and 7 knots). The movable disk is slid so that its center α barrel is on the scale (7) corresponding to the current velocity (Fig. 5-11, 4 knots). Movable. The position of read point a3 relative to the convergent straight lines of the disk T gives the basic path (60'') and its position relative to the concentric circles gives its velocity (9 knots).

The following table summarizes the above according to the order in which the operations described above should be performed. Calculations for ocean currents (as well as other calculations) are included, but their operations are not described in detail.

For all calculations except the TW (no current) and SW (current) gage noses, the first operation is to rotate the movable disk to indicate the direction of the current. The second operation is to use point α4 on the movable disk to indicate the wind direction and heading direction, and slide the slider α along pointer α2 to set point (13) above the wind or ship speed value. The second operation then utilizes the parameters related to its previous result, ie SW, TW, BH or SC.

The third operation again concerns ocean currents and consists in sliding the movable disk so as to draw the center α of the movable disk and display the current speed on the scale (7).

True wind without ocean current (TW) or surface wind with ocean current (SW)
In the case of the calculation, the first operation is to indicate on the support disk scale a navigation attitude in which the flow path is added to the arrow α1. The other two operations are (73) moving the slider to indicate the speed of the draft (AW), rotating the disc according to the true heading angle value, and rotating the disc to indicate the speed of the boat. Concerning translating .

The rapid determination of the above parameters allows the navigator to: In tacking, they know the heading at the other tacking, and therefore the time to go to that tacking.

0 Quickly know what heading to take to compensate the flow path for any current changes. Particularly useful for rescue ships.

Q: Knowing the next coming surface wind as a function of ocean current changes, and therefore being able to change course, as the surface wind changes (5hif
t) to be able to assume the best position before

Estimate the apparent wind experienced under the sailing attitude and specified heading and wind, and therefore prepare the sails accordingly.

0 Best "close-haule" navigation attitude
d trim month or best “windless sailing attitude”
f wind sailing, trim) J
to decide.

○ Opening sailing, opening to take first, safety cone (5af
ety cone) and many other problems encountered by race participants.

It is.

The calculator of the invention allows the rapid calculation of these parameters using a single rotary force translating disk and a pointer associated with the support disk and equipped with a slider. Ru. The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments illustrated, but includes numerous design modifications that can be made by a person skilled in the art, in particular modifications of the scale used.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1a is a plan view of the movable disk. FIG. 1b is a plan view of the support disk. FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line A--A in FIG. 1b, with the movable disk placed on the support disk. FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 1b. FIG. 4 is an example of displaying the vectors used in the calculator. FIGS. 5-1 to 5-11 are diagrams showing the relative positions of two disks related to the example of FIG. 4, respectively. FIG, 3 1 Display of the case 1985 Patent Application No. 169939 2 Name of the invention Navigation wind and course calculator 3 Person making the amendment Relationship to the case Patent applicant name Batrick Galliana 4 agent 1988 September lq day

Claims (10)

[Claims] (1) A wind/course calculator for navigation, comprising two superimposed disks made of transparent material, namely a group of concentric circles corresponding to the speed and a disk center corresponding to the angular value of heading ranging from 0° to 360°. a movable disk (1) carrying a network of converging straight lines; a support disk having a diameter larger than the diameter of the movable disk and having marks (5) indicating the heading or direction of the current; and a scale corresponding to the angular value of the ship's navigation attitude, that is, the direction of the ship's longitudinal axis with respect to the wind direction, on the protruding peripheral portion of the movable disk, and a scale having the same speed as the concentric network of the movable disk. Scale (7)
and carried on a radius in the heading direction (5),
and a speed scale having its origin at the center of the support disk, and a reference point (13) serving as a display point and a reading point as a pointer (10, 11) on the back surface of the support disk rotating around the support disk (9). ) with a slider (12) slidable along the pointer, and a support disk (2) with a support disk (2) arranged symmetrically about its center on the upper surface of the support disk. Ta,
A navigational calculator comprising two guide devices (3) parallel to the radius in the heading direction (5), and arranged between the guide devices so that the movable disk can move in parallel. . (2) A calculator according to claim (1), in which the center (18) of the movable disk (1) is connected to the speed scale (7) carried by the support disk (2). A calculator characterized in that the calculator serves as a reference for positioning the movable disk when the movable disk is translated in parallel on the disk. (3) A calculator according to claim (1), in which the peripheral portion of the support disk (2) is located on both sides of the heading indicator (5) by 0° to 180° for port opening and starboard opening, respectively. Calculator, characterized in that it is graduated in degrees and that a mark (6) indicating the direction of the ocean current is placed diametrically opposite the heading indicator (5). (4) A calculator according to claim (1), in which the pointer (10, 11) is extended from a pointer fixation point on the support disk (2) by an operating arm (8). A calculator characterized by: (5) A calculator according to claim (1), in which the peripheral edge (10) of the pointer with an arrow is guided by a circular groove (14) integral with the support disc (2). ,
Calculator, characterized in that the groove holds the end (10) against the disc. (6) A calculator according to claim (1), in which a stop (4) is fixed to the support disk (2).
Calculator, characterized in that the calculator determines the limits of movement of the movable disk (1) and places the movable disk concentrically with respect to the support disk (2). (7) A calculator according to claim (1), characterized in that one or more stops (16) fixed to the support disk (2) limit the opposite movement of the movable disk (1). A calculator characterized by determining the movable disk and preventing the movable disk from coming off. (8) A calculator according to claim (1), in which each guide device (3) is associated with a flange forming a sliding device with the wall of the guide device; A calculator, characterized in that the movable disk (1) slides within the sliding device. (9) A calculator according to any one of claims (1) to (8), wherein the speed scale (7) provided on the support disk (2) is graduated in knots. A calculator that corresponds to the speed of a ship or ocean current. (10) A calculator according to any one of claims (1) to (4), wherein the concentric mesh scale given to the movable disk (1) is graduated in units of knots, and , the speed of the current, and the speed of the ship, characterized in that the circle is divided into sections defining different Beaufort scale areas.