JPS61280217A - Greenhouse culture method - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention (Technical Field of the Invention) The present invention relates to greenhouse cultivation using a technology for cultivating crops by supplying carbon dioxide gas (CO□) into a greenhouse (hereinafter, this technology is also referred to as CO2 fertilization). Regarding the method, it is a special energy-saving type using CO□enriched air as the K Co supply source and C
02 concentration control method (prior art and problems) In recent years, greenhouse cultivation using CO2 fertilization has rapidly become popular because it has a remarkable effect of increasing yield with low energy input. There is. As the CO2 generation source used in this cultivation method, combustion methods such as white kerosene, gas, natural gas, etc., and liquefied CO□ methods have conventionally been common. Of these,
Liquefied CO□ is generally extracted from Zenbe as a gas, so
Although it has advantages such as easy control of CO□ concentration, the unit cost required to generate CO□ (002 generation unit cost)
There were problems such as the high cost and the need to transport and replace the ten. On the other hand, with the combustion method, it is difficult to control the CO□ concentration, and there are problems such as problems caused by harmful gases and high-temperature gases associated with combustion, and a high unit cost of CO2 generation.

(Means and Effects for Solving the Problems) As a result of various studies on methods for solving the above problems, the inventors of the present invention have found that air can be separated by a CO2-selective gas separation membrane (hereinafter simply referred to as CO□).
We have discovered a simple method for supplying this material into a greenhouse through a permselective membrane (also called a permselective membrane), and have proposed the present invention. That is, one aspect of the present invention is a method for cultivating NO-US, which is characterized in that air is passed through a gas separation membrane selectively permeable to carbon dioxide and then supplied into a greenhouse.

The most important feature of the present invention is that the CO□ source to be supplied into the house is obtained from the air. □It is possible to lower the unit cost of generation, and it is also possible to extremely easily control workability and CO□ concentration.

The present invention will be explained in detail below based on the drawings.

The present invention is not particularly limited to the following drawings.

The method of the present invention basically has a flow as shown in FIG. That is, air is sucked in by compressor 1 and passed through lines 21 and 22 to C equipped with a CO2 selectively permeable membrane.
Air is blown to the O2 separator 2, and air enriched in CO□ concentration is taken out and supplied into the house 3 through the line 23. The CO□ separation device 2 used in such a method is a device that generates CO□-enriched gas (air) by using air as the supply side gas and permeating the CO□ selectively permeable membrane under differential pressure. There is approximately 300 ppm of CO□, which is generally present in the air (atmosphere), and approximately 500 to 3,000
It is not particularly limited as long as it has a structure that can enrich (concentrate) ppfH. For example, a device equipped with a plurality of CO□ selectively permeable membranes 4 as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is particularly preferable in terms of CO□ generation unit cost, operability, etc. That is, the device shown in FIG. 2 is a so-called filter press type device in which a large number of planar polymer membranes are stacked as CO2 permselective membranes, and air is supplied from the supply pipe 5 to each air chamber (chamber D). Then, the CO□-enriched air from the concentration chamber (chamber C) is taken out from the take-out pipe 6. How to supply air to the equipment in this case?

Either a pressurizing type in which a pressurizing means is provided on the supply side of the apparatus or a depressurizing type in which a depressurizing means is provided in the extracting side may be used. For example, the air in chamber C is sucked in using a suction pump, and the amount of air extracted (
By controlling the opening degree of the pulp 8 provided in the discharge pipe 7, the amount of air and CO□ content from the discharge pipe 6 can be controlled. In addition, in such a filter press type device, improvements such as increasing the contact area with the membrane such as a multi-stage system can be made as necessary in order to further increase the CO□ concentration.

On the other hand, FIG. 3 shows a so-called shell film using a tubular polymer membrane 4.
It is an and-tube type device, and there are methods for supplying air to the shell 9 side and taking out CO2 concentrated air from the tube (porous cheap) 10 side through the tubular polymer membrane 4, and the opposite method. Any method may be used, and the amount of air permeation per unit area can be reduced compared to the above-described flat membrane type monoyl.

As the polymer membrane 4 of the CO2 permselective membrane described above, H1 is a known material made of a polymer such as silicone rubber, cellulose acetate, I-lifenylene oxide, polycarbonate, polysulfone, or 4-reaethersulfone. can be used without any particular restrictions. In addition, these polymer membranes reduce the CO2 concentration in the air (atmosphere) (on average 300 p
The film thickness, the number of films, and the film area may be taken into consideration so as to enrich the content (about 500 ppm) to 500 to 3000 ppm.

The CO2 separator 2 supplies air enriched with CO□ concentration into the house 3. At this time, the CO2 concentration in the house 3 is generally selected appropriately so as to have a desired value within the range of 500 to 3000 ppm.As a control method for this purpose, as shown in Figure 1, the CO2 concentration in the house 3 A detector 11 is provided, and CO□ is detected by the detection signal.
A method of automatically controlling the supply pulp 12 or 12' of the separator 2 or a method of operating a timer to start and stop the CO□ separator 2 is preferably used.

Although the flow shown in FIG. 1 shows an embodiment in which the CO2 separator 2 and the house 3 are connected, a structure in which the house 3 and the CO2 separator 2 are integrated can also be appropriately selected.

(Examples) The present invention will be described below based on Examples, but the present invention is not particularly limited to the following Examples.

Example 1 The effective transmission area of the specifications shown in Table 1 was 10 dm" (30 dm").
The raw material air is blown by a compressor under the conditions shown in Table 2 to a filter press type CO2 separator (0 x 33.3 cm), and the CO□ concentrated air in the concentration chamber that has passed through the polymer membrane is converted to the conditions shown in Table 2. Take it out from the take-out tube. This concentrated air is used to grow and cultivate melons in greenhouse vinyl greenhouses (required volume: 40
m” + 2mw x 10mL
The CO2 concentration was controlled at ~950 ppm by constantly detecting it with an infrared CO2 analyzer installed inside the greenhouse (however, in case of rain, CO□ fertilization effect is small, so
separator was not operated).

Table 2 shows the results of concentration of CO□ in the air tested using the separator shown in Table 1 during the summer season (June to September). During this time, compared to the general CO2 fertilization method, the gaylor combustion method using white kerosene, it is easier to control the CO□ concentration, and there is almost no need to consider safety, and the process can be continued without any problems in an unmanned state. I was able to drive. Also, the effect of this fertilization is better than before.

■ Increased growth and approximately doubled yield ■ Fruit enlarged faster and improved color and luster ■ Sugar content in fruit juice increased by 30-40% and improved quality ■ Reduced pest and disease outbreaks It has been found that the method has the effect of reducing the amount of agricultural chemicals used, and is more economical than the conventional method in terms of equipment costs and operation and management costs.

Table 1 Specifications of polymer membrane separation equipment Table 2: Results of CO□ concentration in the air

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a flow diagram outlining the method of the present invention. Furthermore, FIGS. 2 and 3 are representative views of a polymer membrane separation apparatus used in the method of the present invention. In the figure, 1 is a compressor, and 2 is a CO□ separation device. 3 is a house, and 4 is a CO2 permselective membrane (polymer membrane). 5 is a supply pipe, 6 is a take-out pipe, 7 is a discharge pipe, 8 is a pulp, 9
is a shell, 10 is a tube, and 11 is a dO2 concentration detector.

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) A greenhouse cultivation method characterized by supplying air into the greenhouse after passing it through a gas separation membrane that is selectively permeable to carbon dioxide. (2) The method according to claim 1, wherein the gas separation membrane selectively permeable to carbon dioxide is a polymer membrane. (3) The method according to claim 2, wherein the polymer membrane is made of a polymer material of silicone rubber, polyphenylene oxide, or polycarbonate.