JPS61231933A - Control of worm of plant - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a method for exterminating nematodes such as nematodes and pine nematodes that parasitize plants and cause damping off.

[Technology background]

It is generally said that there are over a billion microorganisms per Ig in soil, and the metabolism of these microorganisms effectively prevents the parasitism of pathogenic bacteria on plants. However, the balance and number of microorganisms in the soil has been destroyed or significantly reduced due to the overuse of chemical pesticides and fertilizers in recent years. As a result, the metabolism of microorganisms in the soil decreased, and when pathogenic bacteria invaded, they could not be sufficiently stopped, leading to nematode parasitism on plants.

[Conventional technology and its problems]

Conventionally, as a method for exterminating pathogenic bacteria that have invaded the soil and pests and diseases that have parasitized plants, a method has been adopted in which a chemical agent is appropriately diluted and then sprayed.

However, with such spraying methods that use chemical agents, there is a risk that not only pathogenic bacteria and pests will be exterminated, but also useful microorganisms that live in the soil will be exterminated at the same time, and in such a case, the soil's original function may be lost. In addition, it is known that chemical agents can become concentrated in the soil and become highly toxic, posing a problem in terms of pollution.

[Means for solving problems]

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and effectively eliminates nematodes that parasitize plants and cause damping-off without affecting the useful microorganisms present in the soil. The purpose is to provide a method to effectively exterminate the virus.

1) Types of target nematodes The targets of the present invention are all disease-causing nematodes that parasitize and cause damage to plants.

For example, in addition to the cat nematode that parasitizes the roots of cucumbers and other cucumbers, the pine nematode that parasitizes pine trees, the target nematodes include mist nematode, tsu, porcupine nematode, giant nematode, snow nematode, venus nematode, and spiny nematode. Become.

2) Type of microorganism used The microorganism used in the present invention is Aspergillus (A
gpergillus) and Baxella spp.
Molds such as Sella) and Streptomyces (
Streptomyces and other actinomycetes.

These may be used alone or in combination of two or more, and when appropriate two or more are used in combination.

The effect of repelling nematodes and suppressing their proliferation is further enhanced.

The above-mentioned bacteria can be applied to a wide range of cohabitants; for example, in the genus Aspergillus, Aspergillus 1us flavus (JAN4001
and JAII [400G).

Aspergillus Parasiticus (J
AM4002) + Aspergillus (JAM4
003. JAM4004. JAM4005).

Aspergillus tamarii (JAM4
007), Asperginae Ius fumigatus (
JAN4008), Aspergillus 5e
xuali (JAN4009) and Aspergil
lus melieus (JAN4022), etc., and in the genus Backusella, Backusella ciri
na (JAM4QtO), and in the Streptomyces genus, Streptomyces avermytilis (
Javaool) is applied respectively. Among these microorganisms, especially Agpergillus Parasi
ticua (JAM4002), Aspergtllu
s tamarii (JAM4007), Asp
ergillus fumigatus (JAM400
8), Agpergillus melleus
(JAM4022) and Streptomyces
avarmyt (JAM3001)) has been deposited with a depositary institution.

The above bacteria can be obtained by inoculating the strain into a common nutrient medium, such as Potato Agar medium, and growing the strain at about 25°C.
It is cultured for about one week under the temperature conditions of When used, one or more of them are diluted with starch lees or the like, and the number of viable bacteria or spores is adjusted to about 105/g and used as a powdered or liquid drug.

3) Method of application The method of application varies depending on the type of plant and growth period, but basically it is sprayed on the soil around the root of the plant. At the same time as planting, a method of embedding approximately 2 g of chemicals per tree into the roots is adopted, and for mature pine trees, holes or grooves of appropriate size (approximately 100 ml where the pine roots can be seen) are placed around the roots of the pine trees.
A method is adopted in which a hole or groove with a depth of about 20 cm is provided and a suitable amount of the chemical is sprayed into the hole or groove. Although it is possible to apply the medication before or after the nematode outbreak, it is most effective to apply the medication to coincide with the nematode breeding season.

By applying the above chemicals, bacterial metabolism is actively carried out in the soil, and the metabolites act directly on the cat nematode that parasitizes cucumbers and cabbage, and the cyst nematode on potatoes, and are also carried by the pine beetle, etc. The above-mentioned metabolites are absorbed from the roots and act against the pine nematode that invades the inside of the open pine tree through the wound. What is the action of this metabolite?

This effect is thought to be due to its component glycosides.

The proliferation of nematodes is suppressed, and a repellent effect that makes nematodes dislike glycosides is exerted. Therefore, the attraction and invasion of nematodes to plants is reliably prevented, which prevents the plants from withering, and the invading nematodes are separated from the plants and have a therapeutic effect of restoring the physiological abnormalities caused by the nematodes. It also has

The effects of the above-mentioned drugs are mainly based on nematode repellent effects and growth-inhibiting effects, which can be achieved by adjusting the concentration of the drugs. In this respect, unlike the use of chemical agents that only have a nematicidal effect, this method has less impact on others and is highly safe.

〔effect〕

As explained above, according to the method for exterminating nematodes on plants according to the present invention, the effect of repelling nematodes and the effect of suppressing the growth of nematodes is exhibited, and there is an effect that nematodes can be effectively exterminated. As a result, it has become possible to prevent and treat damage caused by nematodes using simple means and safely.

(Example) (Example 1) Nematode test (Test method) Several types of bacterial strains were inoculated into a petri dish of Potato Agar medium, and this was cultured at 25°C for about 6 days.
sxylophilus JAN5010) and 2
Culture at 5°C for about 1 week. Then, nematodes were isolated and counted using the Behrmann method, and the effect of the bacteria on nematode suppression was investigated. On the other hand, in a comparative example, nematodes were inoculated into a Petri dish of Potato Agar medium that had not been inoculated with bacterial strains, and after culturing at 25° C. for about one week, the nematodes were separated and counted.

(Test results) Table 1 shows the number of nematodes detected before and after culture.

Table 1 According to the test results in Table 1 above, in the comparative example, the number of nematodes after culture increased significantly compared to before culture, whereas in the case of this example, all of the strains used In some cases, the number of nematodes decreased after culture1, especially in JAN4.
002. JAN4007゜JAN4008. JAN
4022. JA) 13001 showed a large reduction rate and was found to have a large nematode proliferation inhibitory effect.

(Example 2) Fruit test against cat nematode (test method) At the time of planting cucumber seedlings grown for 45 days, a drug containing a plurality of bacteria was sprayed, and the effect on cat nematode parasitic on cucumber roots was investigated.

The bacterium used as a drug was Aspergillus Pa.
rasiticus (JAM4002), Agperg
illus tamarii (JAN40G?),
Aspergillus fumigatus (JA
N4008) and Aspergillus mell
eus (JAM4022), and these bacteria were cultured in an ordinary nutrient medium, diluted and mixed, and used as a drug (product name: Amorva).

The number of samples of cucumber seedlings was 25 each for both the test and control areas.
In the test plot, 2 to 4 g/plant of the chemical was sprayed on the roots of the seedlings, and in the control plot, they were left untreated.

(Test results) After growing for about two weeks, the soil around the roots of each cucumber was collected, and the results of examining the total number of nematodes in 150 g of soil and the root knot formation index based on this total number are shown below. -2.

Table 2 According to the test results shown in Table 2 above, not only was the total number of nematodes in the test plots smaller than in the control plots, but the proportion of black-knot nematodes was also smaller. In addition, the characteristics of this test plot are that about 68% of the soil was nematode.
Even though they live there, no root formation is observed. On the other hand, the establishment index in the control plot is
It shows a value that approximates the population of the cat nematode,
It shows the general trends seen in untreated soils.

As described above, according to the above embodiment, the behavior of nematodes in the soil can be modulated by application of chemicals, and their attraction to and invasion of plants can be reliably prevented.

(Test method) Cut the wood of a dead pine tree (main trunk) infested with many pine wood nematodes into small pieces, and add a specified amount (
Two types of amorva (1, 0, 0, and 5 g) were added, stirred well, and placed on a Petri dish lined with filter paper. Three weeks after the treatment, pine tree nematodes were isolated by Behrman's method, and their numbers were compared with those in a control plot that was not treated with amorva.

(Test results) The number of detections is as shown in Table 3, which is overwhelmingly lower than that in the control area, indicating that Amorva (Example 4) Suppression test against pine nematode (II) (Test method) Pine nematode is separated from dead pine wood (0.5 g of pine wood chips) by the Behrman method.

The separated pine nematode was placed in a petri dish, and predetermined amounts (two types of 1, 0, 0, and 5 g) of amorva were added thereto. Five days after the treatment, the density of surviving pine nematodes was compared with an untreated control plot.

(Test Results) The results are shown in Table-4. Since almost no survival of pine nematodes was observed in the test plot compared to the control plot, it was recognized that the above drug was effective.

Table 4 (Example 5) Pine nematode In contact with pine seedlings (test method) Red pine and black pine seedlings grown for 3 to 5 years were planted in pots,
After a 0-day establishment period, they are inoculated with pine nematode. This pine tree nematode was obtained by collecting wood chips from dead pine trees, separating them using Behrman's method, washing them with chloramphenicol solution, culturing them on egg albumin agar plates, and suspending them in sterile deionized water. 3 mJ1 of the cloudy solution was applied to three wounds on the seedling. Furthermore, about 2 weeks after the nematode inoculation, approximately 100g of 7 Amorba plants were embedded around the roots of the seedlings in the test plot.The number of samples for water transfer was 30 each for red pine and 30 black pine for both the test and control plots. There are 10 pieces each. They were grown for about 2 years and 6 months at an environmental temperature of about 25°C to 35°C, and changes during that time were observed.

(Test results) The results obtained through observation are shown in Table 5.

According to the results of this test, the circumstances in which the animals developed the disease were the same in both the test and control groups, but as time passed, there were clear differences between the two groups. Looking at the survival rate after 2 years and 6 months, we found that in the test area, Akamatsu 100
%, black pine was 60%, while in the control plot it was 0% for both. In this way, the pine tree nematode that has entered the pine seedlings reproduces at an extremely fast rate, reaches a high density in a short period of time, and quickly kills the sapling. It can be seen that they are being effectively exterminated.

(Test Method) The effects of the present invention were investigated in pine forests at five locations around Yamagata City, targeting pine trees damaged by pine tree nematode and surrounding pines.

The tree species are red pines, which are 40 to 100 years old.

For the application, a plurality of holes of appropriate depth were made around the base of each red pine tree, and approximately 100 g of amorva was sprayed therein.

Results of this test) Table 6 shows the condition of the pine trees six months to one year after the treatment.

According to the results in Table 6 above, the progression of damage to pines that have already been damaged has stopped, and the therapeutic effect of Amorva has been recognized, and the surrounding pines have not been damaged by the pine tree nematode. The preventive and therapeutic effects of the above-mentioned 7 Morva were observed.

Patent applicant Isao Horiuchi Same applicant: Takashi Miyazaki

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1) A method for exterminating nematodes on plants using one or more of the fungi belonging to the genus Aspergillus, Baxella, and Streptomyces. 2) The method for exterminating nematodes on plants according to claim 1, wherein the fungus and/or the metabolite of the fungus is applied around the roots of the plant.