JPS61221017A - Cargo loading device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To eliminate the employment of palletization allowing loading efficiency to be augmented by allowing a cargo loading stand to be elevated and moved back and forth within a container while a cargo is restrained at the stated position by means of a pushing device which can move back and forth independently in a cargo loading device for the container. CONSTITUTION:A cargo loading device 1 is set face to face with the back of a container 2, a cargo loading floor is adjusted in elevation so as to correspond with the floor of the container 2 with a height adjusting cylinder (not shown) operated. Subsequently, the cargo loading floor 6 is allowed to advance into the container 2 with use of wheels 8 together with cargoes with a forwarding cylinder (not shown) operated, simultaneously, a force presser 9 of a pushing device 7 is allowed to advance. After cargoes 10 have been completely carried in, only the loading floor 6 is retracted while the cargo 10 is held by the force presser 9. When the cargo has been transferred on the floor of the container 2, the force presser 6 is retracted and restored into the original position. This configuration eliminates the employment of palletization enabling the cargo to be efficiently loaded.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention (Industrial Application Field) This invention is a loading device, for example, for various containers, all of which are stacked vertically and horizontally, all of which are stacked in a vertical and horizontal direction, are loaded onto a loading floor. This relates to a device that can always be reliably transferred.

(Prior Art) For example, as a known means for facilitating the loading of containers, there is one illustrated in FIG. 9.

This figure shows the rear double door of container a.

b is an open view, and the above-mentioned means here are
It consists of a roller conveyor d installed on the floor C of a container a.

Here, the roller conveyor d functions to facilitate the movement of the cargo carried into the container a by hand or by a forklift or other mechanical device toward the inner wall of the container, thereby reducing the labor required for the movement. be able to.

However, even with such conventional technology, the regular stacking of cargo in container a has had to be done manually, and it is therefore impossible to significantly reduce the number of man-hours. Moreover, in this conventional technology, the roller conveyor d is installed inside the container a, so although the work can be streamlined for the specific container to which it is installed, it is difficult to consider the entire logistics market. In some cases, it is difficult to obtain a comprehensive effect unless all containers are equipped with a roller conveyor d. However, when all containers are equipped with one,
There is a problem that the economic burden becomes quite large, and furthermore, since containers such as those used for maritime transport that are distributed internationally are never returned to you, it is necessary to install roller conveyors on such containers. unable to
There was a problem in that it was not possible to rationalize loading operations.

For this reason, in recent years, a loading device as shown in a plan view and a side view in FIG. 10 has been proposed.

Here, e indicates the main body of the device which has a certain height and is placed or fixed on the floor, and f indicates two parallel rails laid on the main body of the device. The rails f, f can be moved forward and backward with respect to the apparatus main body e under the stability of the guide member by the action of the electric motor g provided at one end thereof.

Loading into a container using such a device involves, for example, aligning and positioning a container j attached to a truck l accurately with the device body e, and then loading multiple loads onto rails f, f via a special pallet. are piled up manually or mechanically, and then, by an electric motor g, the rails f,
The rail f is advanced with the cargo there to completely enter the container, and then the height of the rails f and f are adjusted by electro-hydraulic means to reduce the weight of the cargo into the container via a special pallet. supported on the floor - and finally, this is also done by retracting the rails f, f from the container, also under the action of the electric motor g, so that both the special pallet and the stacked cargo on it are This means that the cargo can be transported into Container J extremely efficiently without any work being done inside the container, and without causing any damage to the cargo. is also unnecessary.

(Problem to be solved by the invention) However, in such a loading device, at least one dedicated pallet is consumed for each container, and in addition, exclusive space for the pallet must be secured within the container. However, there was a problem in that the economic efficiency was extremely low.

The present invention advantageously solves the problems of the prior art and provides a loading device that can efficiently perform loading without the need for pallets.

(Means for Solving the Problems) The loading device of the present invention includes a loading floor supported by a base frame and driven forward and backward with respect to the base frame. ,
A pressing member is provided which can be driven forward and backward separately from the load loading floor and which restrains the load in its advanced position against the frictional force between the load loading floor and the load.

(Function) In this loading device, for example, after aligning the device with a load placed in advance on the load loading floor and the container, the load loading floor and the pressing member are moved forward in synchronization. by causing complete entry of the load on the load loading floor into the container, and then retracting the load loading floor while maintaining the pushing member in its advanced position, in other words, the load on the load loading floor is moved completely into the container by the pushing member. By restraining it in the advanced position against the frictional force between them,
By transferring the load consisting of a large number of stacked items into the container while maintaining its initial posture almost completely, and by returning the suppressing member to its retreated position, the load can be transferred into the container. Loading will be done very efficiently without the use of pallets or other accessories.

(Embodiment) Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a route showing an embodiment of the present invention in relation to an on-vehicle container.
3 indicates a container, and 3 indicates a truck to which container 2 is attached.

In the loading device 1 of this example, the steering wheel 4a and the drive circle 4b
An upper frame 5 is supported on a base frame (not shown) having a
In addition, there is provided a highly rigid load loading floor 6 that is driven forward and backward with respect to the base frame, and a pushing device 7 that is driven forward and backward in the same direction as the base frame but whose operating timing can be different from that.

Here, reference numeral 8 in the figure indicates a caster wheel provided at the tip of the loading floor 6, which can have substantially the same dimensions as the floor surface of the container 2, and the center of rotation can be moved back and forth depending on the direction of external force. This caster wheel 8, which can be changed in the left-right direction, comes into contact with the floor surface of the container 2 and acts to smooth the movement of the loading floor 6 inside the container, and also allows the load amount on the loading floor to be large. Even if the load becomes heavy, it effectively supports it and functions to enable smooth transfer of the load. Furthermore, this caster wheel 8
can also be provided at a plurality of locations spaced apart in the direction of movement of the load loading floor 6.

Further, 9 indicates a suppressing member that constitutes a part of the extrusion device 7,
This suppressing member 9 can come into contact with the rear end surface of the cargo 10 stacked on the cargo loading floor 6 .

Furthermore, 11 is a cabin equipped with a driving device, 12 is a warning light to alert workers around the loading device, and 13 is a cabin equipped with a driving device.
indicates a power source that has a built-in storage battery for driving an electric motor, an internal combustion engine, etc.

Here, the base frame having the steering wheel 4a and the driving wheel 4b is composed of two channel members extending in parallel to each other in the front and back direction of the device 1, as is clear from the partially sectional front view of the device shown in FIG. 14a, 14a, and a connecting member 14b that connects these channel members 14a, 14a at a predetermined interval, and in this example, the base frame 14 supports a height adjusting means 15 and an intermediate frame 5, which will be described later. .

This height adjustment means 15 includes a screw mechanism driven by a motor,
It is also possible to use a plurality of cylinder devices arranged parallel to each other in the vertical direction and operated in synchronization, but in this example, as is clear from the partial cross-sectional side view shown in FIG. In addition, the height adjustment means 15 is made up of the cylinder 15a and the parallel ruler mechanism 15b driven by the cylinder 15a.
Configure. In this height adjusting means 15, each lever 15c of the parallel ruler mechanism 15b has rollers 15 at both ends thereof.
d, and these rollers 15d each have a channel material 141.14a opening in directions facing each other and a channel material 1 provided below the upper frame 5.
4a, a channel material 15e extending similarly to 14a,
15e, and can be freely moved in the length direction within the respective channel members under their guidance. That is, here, a parallel ruler mechanism 15b is constituted by the lever 15c, the roller 15d, and the channel materials 14a and 15B, and both channel materials 1
4a, 15e, in other words, the channel material 15e, 1 with respect to the channel material 14a, 14a.
The height of the lever 5e can be adjusted as appropriate by changing the intersection angle of the cylinders 15a connected to both the levers 15C, 15C.

Further, the intermediate frame that contributes to supporting the upper frame 5 together with the base frame 14 and the height adjustment means 15 described above is mutually connected in the front and back direction of the device l, as is clear from the partially sectional plan view shown in FIG. The aforementioned channel member 15e extends parallel to the channel member 15e.

15e, a connecting member 16a that interconnects the channel members 15e, 15e at predetermined intervals, and an arm member 1, also in the form of a channel, that is fixed to the channel members 15e, 15e and protrudes outward from them.
6b, and the upper frame 5 is connected to the intermediate frame 16 by connecting the other ends of the two cylinders 17 and 17 attached to the outside of each channel member 15e to the side skirt 5a of the upper frame 5. The rollers 5d provided on the support brackets (5C) which protrude downward from the floor surface 5b of the upper frame 5 are connected to the arm members 16.
This is done by fitting into the channel of b.

By connecting the upper frame 5 in this way, it is not only supported by the base frame 14 via the intermediate frame 16 and the height adjustment means 15, but also by supplying, for example, hydraulic pressure to the cylinder 17, the arm member 16d
Under the displacement of the rollers 5d relative to the frame 14, 16, they can be moved relative to the frame 14, 16 to a desired position in their width direction, in other words in the left and right direction.

Note that the cylinder 17 here is a screw mechanism, a toothed mechanism,
Of course, a similar movement of the upper frame 5 in the left and right direction can be achieved as a vehicle mechanism or the like.

Furthermore, the load loading floor 6 supported on the upper frame 5 of the container and having dimensions slightly smaller than the container floor surface is preferably made of polished steel plate, Teflon, nylon sheet, etc. in order to reduce the frictional force between it and the cargo. The loading floor 6 is attached to the upper frame 5 as shown in FIG. ,
A channel member 5e extending parallel to the front-rear direction of the device 1.

Rollers 6a and 6b, which are attached to the lower surface of the load loading floor 6 via brackets, are fitted to the rollers 5e, respectively, and are fixed to the widthwise central portion of the upper frame 5 and extend in the front-rear direction of the device 1. This is done by fitting rollers 6b, 6b, which are also attached to the lower surface of the load loading floor 6 via brackets, onto the horizontal H-shaped member 5f from both sides. , under the guidance of the channel member 5e and the H-shaped member 5f, the device 1 can freely move in the front and back direction with respect to the upper frame 5.

In addition, 5g in FIG. 5.6 indicates another guide mechanism provided on the upper frame 5, and this guide mechanism 5g is attached to the loading floor 6.
It touches both sides of the object and guides its precise linear movement.

Further, on the upper frame 5, two hydraulic cylinders 18a and 18b facing in opposite directions are mounted parallel to each other and spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction of the device 10, as an example of means for driving the loading floor 6 forward and backward. Here, the hydraulic cylinder 18a for advancing the load loading floor 6 is, as shown in FIG.
Its cylinder side end portion is attached to the rear end portion of the upper frame 5, and its rod end is engaged with the chain 19a via a sprocket (not shown) provided there. The chain 19a is connected at one end to the upper frame 5 and at the other end to the lower surface of the cargo loading floor 6. Further, the hydraulic cylinder 18b for reversing is the third hydraulic cylinder 18b.
, 5, its cylinder side end portion is attached to the tip portion of the upper frame 5, and its rod end is engaged with the chain 19b via a sprocket 18C provided there. Here, this chain 19a is also connected to the upper frame 5 at one end and to the lower surface of the load loading floor 6 at the other end.

Furthermore, in the rear end portion of the upper frame 5, a pushing device 7 is provided between the cabin 11 and the load loading floor 6.

The extrusion device 7 in this example includes a raging tongue mechanism 7a as shown in FIG.
It consists of, for example, a cylinder (not shown) that is connected to any pair of mutually intersecting links of the range tongue mechanism 7a and acts to mutually change their intersection angle,
The mounting of the rage tongue mechanism 7a on the upper frame 5 here involves a roller 7 provided on the rear end link of the mechanism 7a, as is clear from FIGS.
b are fitted into channel members 7C that stand upright facing each other on the upper frame 5,
In addition, in order to connect the rage tongue mechanism 7a to the pressing member 9, a roller 7d provided on the tip link is connected to the pressing member 9.
This is done by fitting them into channel members 7e that are spaced apart in the width direction of the channel members 7e, facing each other, and extending in the vertical direction.

In this range tongue mechanism 7a, by changing the intersection angle of a pair of links by the action of a cylinder (not shown), the pressing member 9 can be moved between the retracted lid shown in FIGS. 3 and 6 and the advanced position shown in FIG. and can be moved horizontally independently of the loading floor 6.

Here, it goes without saying that the cylinder (not shown) may be used as a screw mechanism or other known reciprocating means to achieve the same operation.

In addition, 7f in the figure indicates a rolling wheel received at the widthwise end of the pressing member 90, and this rolling wheel 7f contacts the upper surface of the upper frame 5 to support the load of the pressing member 9, and also facilitates its movement. It acts to normalize.

Reference numeral 6C in FIG. 6 indicates guide rollers provided at the tip of the load loading floor 6 so as to protrude to both sides in the width direction. When transporting the equipment into Contia 2,
It acts to prevent the load 10 from contacting the container side wall by contacting it with the container side wall.

Preferably, for example, a pressure-sensitive switch is embedded in these guide rollers 6C, and the cylinder 17 is actuated by a signal emitted from the pressure-sensitive switch based on the contact between the guide roller 6C and the container side wall. The upper frame 5 and the load loading floor 6 are moved in the width direction relative to the intermediate frame 16 to a position where the guide rollers 6C and therefore the load 10 do not come into contact with the container side walls, thereby applying large external forces to the components of the device 1. effectively prevents the action of

FIG. 7 is a plan view and a side view showing other switches provided in the device of this embodiment, and the two switches 20 provided on the end face of the upper frame 5 in the width direction end portion are the same as those in the device 1. Detects whether or not the front end surface of the container 2 is in accurate surface contact with the rear end surface of the container 2, and a switch provided on the front end surface of the upper frame 5 at the widthwise center of the upper frame 5;
For example, the limit switch 21 determines whether the heights of the upper frame floor surface of the device and the container floor surface match or not. Detects whether or not it is possible to enter smoothly.

The operation of the apparatus described above will be explained below based on FIG.

Here, first, the loading device 1, on which a load 10 consisting of a large number of items stacked in advance is placed on the loading floor 6, is driven from a warehouse or other place to the container 2 by the power generated by the power source 13. Then, the front end surface of the device 1 and the rear end surface of the container 2 are brought into complete surface contact and stopped. Here, such surface contact can be detected by confirming that the two switches 20 described in FIG. 7 are both turned on, for example, by checking that the indicator light in the cabin 11 is lit.

Here, when the container 2 is attached to a truck 3 as shown in FIG. 1, the above-mentioned surface contact is brought about by driving either the truck 3 or the loading device 1. be able to.

After the end of such surface contact, for example, the cabin 11
By operating a hydraulic control valve or an electro-hydraulic servo valve provided in the driver's cab operation section, hydraulic pressure is sent to the cylinder 15a of the height adjustment means 15 to adjust the height between the upper frame floor and the container floor. Match. Here, this coincidence of the floor surfaces is displayed on the driver's cab based on the operation of the limit switch 21 shown in FIG.

In such an aligned state of the container 2 and the loading device 1, if the center line of the container 2 and the center line of the loading floor 6 do not match, this is also caused by, for example, hydraulic pressure installed in the cab operation section. By operating the control valve or electro-hydraulic control valve, hydraulic pressure is supplied to the cylinder 17 shown in FIG. 4 to move the upper frame 5 and the loading floor 6 in their width directions until the rain center lines coincide. move it. The coincidence of the center lines can be easily confirmed visually or by known electrical detection means (not shown).

After completing the preparation for transferring the cargo 10 in this way, hydraulic pressure is supplied to the advancing cylinder 1ga shown in FIGS. By supplying hydraulic pressure to a cylinder (not shown), the pressing member 9 is advanced in synchronization with the load loading floor 6. As a result, the cargo 10 is
), the cargo is gradually carried into the container 2, and the pressing member 9 comes into contact with the rear end surface of the cargo 10.

In addition, during such carrying-in of the cargo 10, a shift occurred in the center line position of the cargo loading floor 6, and thus the cargo 10 and the container 2, and the guide roller 6c provided on the side surface of the tip of the cargo loading floor 6 came into contact with the side wall of the container. If the guide roller 6c
automatically moves to a position where it no longer makes contact with the side wall of the container.

After the cargo 10 is completely carried into the container 2, the forward cylinder 18a is stopped, while the backward cylinder 18b is activated to cause the cargo loading floor 6 to move backward. As a result, the load 10 also tends to move backward together with its loading floor 6, but at this point the pressing member 9 is maintained at its forward limit position, so the load 10
The backward movement of is restrained by the pressing member 9. Therefore, as the cargo loading floor 6 moves backward, the cargo 10 consisting of a large number of cargoes gradually moves onto the container floor against the frictional force between it and the cargo loading floor 6, as shown in FIG. 8(b). This transfer is completed when the load loading floor 6 reaches its retraction limit position.

FIG. 8(C) is a side view showing a state in which, after the transfer of the cargo 10 is completed, the pressing member 9 that contributed to the transfer has also been brought to its retreat limit position, and the loading device 1 is In such a state, a series of loading operations on the container 2, or as the case may be, on the bed of a truck, on a freight car, etc., is completed without disturbing the packing form of the cargo 10.

In addition, as described above, the movement of each component of the loading device 1 can also be automatically performed by sequence control using, for example, an electro-hydraulic servo valve.

Furthermore, in the illustrated example, if the object to be loaded is movable, the base frame 14 does not necessarily have wheels 4a,
4b, and if a slight deviation between the center line of the object to be transferred and the center line of the load loading floor 6 does not have a large effect on loading, the width direction of the load loading floor 6 A moving mechanism is not necessarily required.

Furthermore, each of the reciprocating mechanisms and driving means described in the illustrated example can be replaced with other known appropriate mechanisms and means, and the height adjusting means 15 and the width direction Moving mechanism 17.16b, 5c
, 5d, especially the vertical position thereof, can be changed as required, as long as at least the loading floor 6 and the extrusion device 7 can be moved vertically and widthwise.

(Effect of the invention) Therefore, according to this invention, in particular, the pressing member
A load consisting of a large number of items stacked directly on the loading floor,
By transferring the cargo onto a container or other object to be transferred against the frictional force between the cargo and the loading floor, economical cargo transportation can be realized without consuming any pallets.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 is a perspective view of a route showing an embodiment of the present invention in relation to an on-vehicle container; FIG. 2 is a partially sectional front view of the device shown in FIG. 1; and FIG. 3 is a partial sectional view of the device shown in FIG. 1. 4 is a partial cross-sectional plan view of the device shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the device shown in FIG. 1 at the loading floor and the extrusion limit position, and FIG. 1 is a plan view showing the device shown in the loading floor and the extrusion device at the retracting limit position, FIG. 7 is a plan view and side view showing the switch, and FIG. 8 is a process showing the operating state of the device shown in FIG. 1. 9 is a rear view showing a conventional example, and FIG. 10 is a plan view and a side view showing another conventional example. 1... Loading device 2... Container 3... Truck 4a... Steering wheel 4b... Drive wheel
5... Upper frame 6... Loading floor
7... Extrusion device 9... Pressing member 10...
Load 14...Base frame 15...Height m adjusting means 15a...Cylinder 15b...Parallel ruler mechanism 16...Intermediate frame 17...Cylinder 1
8a... Hydraulic cylinder for forward movement 18b... Hydraulic cylinder for backward movement Fig. 2

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A base frame (14), a load loading floor (6) supported by the base frame and driven forward and backward with respect to the base frame, and a load loading floor (6) that can be driven forward and backward with respect to the base frame independently of the load loading floor; A loading device comprising a pressing member (9) that restrains the load in its advanced position against the frictional force between the load loading floor and the load (10).