JPS6115768B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for measuring and correcting the amount of deformation of a turbine blade.

Conventionally, a turbine blade 1 extends in the longitudinal direction with a base 3 as a reference as shown in FIG. 1, and the cross section at each position 2a to 2d has a shape as shown in FIG. It is molded into. In order to measure the amount of three-dimensional deformation of the base 3 of an object with such a complex shape,
Conventionally, a method as shown in FIG. 3 has been adopted.

This method uses a three-dimensional object (hereinafter referred to as a work) 1
After clamping the base 3 of the workpiece 1 to the reference surface, the measurement jigs 5 and 6 are respectively installed facing the workpiece cross sections 2a to 2b (see Fig. 1), and the gap between the workpiece 1 and the measurement jigs 5 and 6 is Measure 7 to 11 with a dial gauge, etc., and compare work 1 to 3 with respect to the reference surface.
The transformation of dimensions was viewed from a macroscopic perspective.

As mentioned above, in the conventional measurement method, the gap between the workpiece and the measurement jig is measured using a dial gauge, etc., which not only tends to cause measurement errors, but also results in the measurement results at cross sections 2a to 2d not being the standard values. On the other hand, it is very difficult to distinguish between torsional deformation and bending deformation. For this reason, there was an inconvenience that the amount of each component had to be adjusted by trial and error when correcting the workpiece.

Next, the conventional correction method will be explained with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. First, as shown in FIG. 4, after clamping the reference part 3 of the workpiece 1 to the reference jig 13,
Attach the clamp tool 14 to the tip of the workpiece 1,
The operator applies force to the pressure section 15 to correct the twist. After making the general correction in this way, the work 1 is placed on the support pieces 17a and 17b as shown in FIG.
The workpiece is set on the bed 16 via the workpiece, and the bending correction is performed by pressurizing the workpiece pressurizing part 18 with the heating machine 19. Thereafter, as in the case described above (Fig. 3), each gap was measured and corrected by placing it on the measuring jig again, and the final dimensions were corrected through trial and error.

Conventionally, twisting and bending of the workpiece is done through trial and error, which relies heavily on the experience and intuition of the operator, resulting in very low efficiency.
Even an experienced person corrects 2 to 3 hairs a day, and an unskilled person cannot correct even one hair in a day.

This is because, since the deformation is three-dimensional, torsional deformation and bending deformation coexist and it is extremely difficult to distinguish between them. Further, conventional repair methods have the disadvantage that it is difficult to maintain constant quality and requires a large number of man-hours.

The purpose of the present invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks and to mechanically and efficiently measure and correct the deformation of a three-dimensional object. Assuming a cross section perpendicular to the blade span direction of the model and the turbine blade that is the object to be straightened, find the intersection between the leading edge of the blade and this cross section, and the intersection between the trailing edge of the blade and this cross section, and calculate the coordinates of the above intersection point. The amount of deformation of the blade to be straightened is determined by calculating the amount of deformation of the blade to be straightened, and a test load is applied in the direction that brings the above deformation to zero to calculate the characteristics related to plastic deformation of the blade material. Based on this characteristic, the deformation is brought to zero. It is characterized in that the correction load is controlled by calculating the magnitude of the load.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

First, the measuring device used in the present invention will be explained with reference to FIGS. 6 to 9. 1 is a workpiece (three-dimensional object), and its base 3 is a reference jig attached to a support frame 21 fixed to a bed 20. It is attached to the fixture 22. 23 is a gear formed integrally with the reference jig 22, and a torque detector 2 is connected to the motor 25.
It meshes with a gear 24 connected via 6. 27 is a rotation angle detector attached to the shaft of the motor 25, 28 is a feed shaft, and 29 is a motor that drives the feed shaft 28.

E, F, and G are a measuring device, a press device, and a clamp device, and this measuring device E and clamp device G
means a nut 3 with a clutch screwed onto the feed shaft 28
1 and 65 so that it can be driven reciprocally over the bed 20 as desired. The other press device F can be freely reciprocated on the bed 20 via a clutch nut 44 screwed onto a feed shaft (both not shown) driven by a motor attached to the back side of the bed 20. It is composed of

As shown in FIG. 7, the measuring device E includes a frame 33 that is reciprocatably provided on the bed 20 via a clutch nut 31 screwed onto the feed shaft 28, and a frame 33 that is integrally formed with the frame 33. support frames 33a, 33b, and measuring instruments 30 attached to the frames 33a, 33b, respectively.
a, 30b, 30c, and 30d, and contacts 32a to 32d each of which is adjustable at the tip of each measuring device 30a to 30d.

As shown in FIG. 8, the press device F has a feed shaft 2.
A frame 40 configured to be reciprocally driven on the bed 20 via a nut 44 with a clutch screwed onto the frame 40, a cylinder 41 fixed to the frame 40, and a load detector 42 operated by the cylinder 41. and a pressing jig 43.

As shown in FIG. 9, the clamping device G includes a frame 60 configured to be reciprocatingly movable on the bed 20 via a clutch nut 65 screwed onto the feed shaft 28, and a frame 60 located above and below the frame 60. Fixed cylinders 61 and 62;
Clamp jigs 6 each operated by 62
3, 64, this clamp jig 63, 6
4, the workpiece 1 is clamped.

70 shown in FIG. 6 is the rotation angle detector 27 attached to the mochi shaft and the measuring device 3 of the measuring device E.
A data input section connected to 0a to 30d,
71 is a calculation unit connected to the data input unit 70;
2 is a calculation unit 71, a motor 25 and a press device F
The control unit 72 is connected to the cylinder 41 of the motor 25 and the cylinder 41.
A control command is sent to (FIG. 8).

Next, the measuring method of the present invention using the above measuring device will be explained in detail.

After clamping the reference part 3 of the workpiece 1 to the reference jig 22 as shown in FIG.
b, 32c, and 32d at both ends 34 of workpiece 1,
35 (Fig. 7), and the workpiece 1
and the contact terminals 32a, 32d are set so that they are perpendicular to each other. By adjusting the measuring instruments 30a to 30b to zero points in advance, each coordinate position with respect to the reference plane can be measured. From this, the coordinate positions of the leading edge 34 and trailing edge 35 in an arbitrary cross section of the workpiece 1 are measured (see FIG. 7). Also, regarding the standard shape model, the intersection coordinates at the same cross section and the same position as the workpiece 1 are measured in the same manner as described above.

An example of each coordinate value measured as described above is shown in FIG. Coordinate value A (X _M1 , Y _M1 ) in Figure 1
and B (X _M2 , Y _M2 ) are the coordinate values of the intersection points 34 and 35 of the cross section of the reference model, respectively, and the coordinate values C (X _A1 , Y _A1 ) and D (X _A2 , Y _A2 ) are the coordinate values of the workpiece 1, respectively. If these are the coordinate _values of the intersection points 34 and 35 of the cross section _of By comparing each, the amount of deformation of the workpiece 1 can be determined.

The inclination angle θ _M of the straight line AB and the inclination angle θ _W of the straight line CD are respectively expressed by the following equations.

θ _M =tan ^-1 Y _M1 -Y _M2 /X _M1 -X _M2 ...(1) θ _W =tan ^-1 Y _A1 -Y _A2 /X _M1 -X _M2 ...(2) This (1), (2) Since the difference between the two inclination angles θ _M and θ _W expressed by the equation becomes the torsional deformation amount θ _H , the torsional deformation amount θ _H can be determined by calculating (θ _W −θ _M ).

After determining the amount of torsional deformation θ _H as described above, the deformation amount θ _H is rotated around the coordinate origin of the straight line to make the inclination angle the same as the inclination angle θ _M of the straight line, resulting in points C and D. The coordinate values of (X _B1 , Y
_B1 ), (X _B2 , Y _B2 ). This state is illustrated in FIG. 10, 2. As is clear from this figure, the amount of bending deformation X _H in the X-axis direction is X _H = X _B1 − X _M1
It is expressed as In addition _, by comparing _both the midpoint coordinates _{X WC} (=X _{B1 +} You can get the value.

Points C and D when the amount of bending deformation in the X-axis direction is zero are (X _D1 , Y _D1 ) and (X _D2 , Y _D2 ), respectively.
becomes. FIG. 10 illustrates this state. As is clear from this figure, when the midpoint coordinates are considered, the amount of bending deformation Y _H in the Y-axis direction is expressed by the following equation.

Y _H =Y _M1 +Y _M2 2/2-Y _D1 +Y _D2 /2...(
3) As mentioned above, no matter how complex the three-dimensional deformation of the workpiece is, it can be easily solved by breaking it down into each component and comparing it with the model values.

Next, a correction method in this embodiment will be described.

When first correcting the torsional deformation amount among the deformation amounts obtained as described above, after clamping the reference part 3 of the workpiece 1 to the reference jig 22 as shown in FIG. 61, 62 (9th
) and clamp jigs 63 and 64 to clamp the cross-sectional position of the work 1 to be corrected. In this state, the moder 25 (Fig. 6) is driven and the gears 24, 2
By rotating the reference jig 22 through the reference jig 3, torsion correction in an arbitrary cross section clamped by the clamp device G is performed. At this time, the rotation angle of the workpiece 1 is detected by a rotation angle detector 27 attached to the motor 25 axis, and the torque is detected by the torque detector 26 attached to the motor 5 axis.

When applying torque to the work 1 after clamping the work 1 with the clamp device G as described above, the elastic limit I of the work 1 is shown in FIG.
A straightening torque is applied within a range in which the permanent deflection amount (deformation amount) of the workpiece 1 when the load is unloaded after exceeding the above torsional deformation amount θ _H. The maximum torque T ₂ and maximum workpiece deflection θ ₂ applied at this time are detected, and then the load is removed to determine the permanent deflection θ ₁ of the work 1.
Detect. Through this first correction, the material properties (proportionality constant) K of the workpiece 1 can be determined by the following equation (1).

K = {θ ₂ (deflection amount at maximum torque) - θ ₁ (permanent deflection amount after unloading)} ÷ T ₂ (maximum torque)
...(1) By reloading according to this proportionality constant and detecting the point (unloading point) P that satisfies the following equation (2), the amount of permanent deflection of the workpiece after unloading is made equal to the amount of torsional deformation of the workpiece. do.

θ _H −T×K=θ (deflection amount) …(2) To explain the above explanation in more detail with reference to FIG. Take each and place work 1 on the horizontal axis.
Take the amount of torsional deformation (corrected target value) _θH .

First, the torque applied to the workpiece is increased to an arbitrary point within the range where the elastic limit I is exceeded and the permanent deflection θ ₁ of the workpiece after unloading does not exceed the torsional deformation θ _H , and then the load is unloaded. Find the proportionality constant K (=θ ₂ −θ ₁ /T ₂ ). This proportionality constant K is unique to the workpiece and is approximately constant. When the load is reloaded based on K as shown in FIG. 2, the torque and the amount of deflection change through the path shown by the solid line.

In this case, the torque T that satisfies the condition of equation (2) above
and the amount of deflection θ are detected by a torque detector and a rotation angle detector 27 (FIG. 6), respectively.

If the point that satisfies the above formula (2) is P, then this point P
When the load is reached, the load is unloaded as shown in FIG.
In this way, the torque T and the amount of deflection θ will decrease from point P while maintaining the slope of the proportionality constant K, and when the torque T becomes zero, the amount of deflection θ _H will be equal to the amount of torsional deformation θ _H of the workpiece. Complete the correction.

On the other hand, when correcting the bending deformation, the cylinders 61 and 62 of the clamp device G shown in FIG. A pressing jig 43 is brought into contact, and the load is detected by the load detector 42.
Further, the workpiece deflection amount θ is detected by measuring instruments 30a to 30d (FIG. 6) of the measuring device E. The method for correcting this detected deflection deformation is the same as in the case of torsional correction described above.

The flowchart of this embodiment described above is as shown in FIG. 12, and is summarized below.

(1) Measure the coordinates of the intersection of the front and rear edges of the blade to be corrected and the reference model with the cross section.

C(X _A1 , Y _A1 ), D(X _A2 , Y _A2 ), A(X _M
1 , Y _M1 ), B (X _M2 , Y _M2 ) (2) Find the slope of the straight line connecting the above points C, D and A, B, respectively, and calculate the amount of torsional deformation using the following formula.

θ _W =tan ^-1 Y _A1 -Y _A2 /X _A1 -X _A2 θ _M =tan ^-1 Y _M1 -Y _M2 /X _M1 -X _M2 θ _H =θ _M -θ _W (3) The above deformation amount Set up the device based on
The straightening torque is increased to an arbitrary point within the range where the elastic limit of the workpiece is exceeded and the permanent deflection of the workpiece after unloading does not exceed the deformation amount, and then the load is unloaded. In this case, the maximum torque T ₂ , the maximum deflection amount θ ₂ , and the permanent deflection amount θ ₁ after unloading are detected, and the proportionality constant K ₁ is determined by the following formula.

K ₁ = (θ ₂ - θ ₁ )/T ₂ (4) Reload based on the above proportionality constant K ₁ and take into account the spring back amount (elastic deformation amount) to find the point P ₀ that satisfies the following formula. Detect.

θ _H =K ₁ ×T=θ This θ and T are constantly monitored and feedback is provided.

(5) After correcting the torsional deformation, find the coordinate values of the intersections between the front and rear edges and the cross section.

C (X _B1 , Y _B1 ), D (X _B2 , Y _B2 ) (6) Find the coordinates of the midpoint on the X axis.

X _WC =X _B1 +X _B2 /2,X _WC =X _M1 +X _M2 /
2 (7) Calculate the amount of bending deformation X _H in the X-axis direction.

X _H =X _MC -X _WC (8) After setting the device for bend straightening based on the amount of deformation above, apply a load in the same manner as in (3) to determine the proportionality constant _K2 .

K ₂ =(δ ₂ −δ ₁ )/W ₁ , where δ ₂ : Maximum deflection amount, δ ₁ : Permanent deflection amount, W ₁ : Load.

(9) Based on the above proportionality constant _K2 , reload in the same manner as in (4), find the condition point P, and unload.

P point condition: X _H −K ₂ ×W=δ (10) After straightening the bend in the X-axis direction, find the coordinates of the intersection of the front and rear edges of the blade and the cross section.

C (X _D1 , Y _D1 ), D (X _D2 , Y _D2 ) (11) Find the coordinates of the midpoint on the Y axis.

Y _WC =Y _D1 +Y _D2 /2, Y _MC =Y _M1 +Y _M2 /
2 (12) Find the amount of bending deformation in the Y-axis direction.

Y _H = Y _MC - Y _WC (13) After setting the device based on the above deformation amount, apply a load in the same pattern as (3) and (8) to find the proportionality constant _K3 .

K ₃ = (S ₂ − _{S 2} )/Z ₁ where S ₂ : Maximum deflection, S ₁ : Permanent deflection,
_Z1 : Load.

(14) Based on the above proportionality constant _K3 , reload in a pattern similar to (4) and (9) to find the condition point P and unload.

P point condition: Y _H −K ₃ ×Z=S By performing measurement and correction as described above and sequentially applying this pattern to each cross section of the workpiece, desired correction can be performed.

As explained above, in the present invention, the deformation of a three-dimensional deformed object is determined by dividing it into the amount of torsional deformation and the amount of bending deformation, and the correction is performed based on these, so that it can be corrected mechanically and efficiently. It becomes possible to correct the deformation. Therefore, it is possible to significantly reduce the number of man-hours and stabilize the quality.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a diagram showing the shape of a three-dimensional object, Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view at an arbitrary position of the three-dimensional object, and Fig. 3 A and B are cross-sectional views in which the cross-sectional deformation of Fig. 2 is measured using the conventional measurement method. , FIGS. 4 and 5 are front views showing a conventional correction method, FIG. 6 is a front view showing an embodiment of the method for correcting the deformation of a three-dimensional object according to the present invention, and FIGS. A side view showing a measuring device, a press device, and a clamp device used in the present invention, FIGS. 10 and 11 are diagrams explaining the deformation correction method of the present invention, and FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating the deformation correction method of the present invention. It is a figure which shows a flowchart. 1...Three-dimensional object, 2a to 2d...Arbitrary cross section,
27... Rotation angle detector, 30a to 30d... Measuring instrument, 70... Data input section, 71... Arithmetic section, 7
2...Control unit.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In a method of correcting deformation by applying an external force to a turbine blade, a turbine blade model with a regular shape is prepared in advance, and the blade length of this model and the turbine blade that is the object to be corrected is Assuming a cross section perpendicular to the direction, find the intersection between the leading edge of the blade and the cross section, and the intersection between the trailing edge of the blade and the cross section, calculate the amount of deformation of the blade to be corrected by finding the coordinate values of the intersection, Applying a test load in the direction that makes the above deformation zero, calculates the characteristics related to plastic deformation of the blade material, and controls the straightening load by calculating the magnitude of the straightening load that brings the deformation to zero based on this characteristic. A method for correcting the amount of deformation of a turbine blade, characterized by: 2. In the deformation correction method described in claim 1, the amount of deformation of the turbine blade is decomposed into the amount of torsional deformation and the amount of bending deformation in the X and Y axis directions, and the amount of torsional deformation of the former is determined by the coordinate axis of the blade to be corrected. The inclination of each straight line connecting each two points on the reference coordinate axis of the model and the reference coordinate axis of the model is calculated by finding the inclination with respect to the coordinate axis, and the amount of bending deformation of the latter is calculated by calculating the amount of bending deformation based on the coordinate value of the blade to be corrected and the model after correcting the amount of torsional deformation. A method for correcting deformation of a three-dimensional object, characterized in that calculation is performed by comparing reference coordinate values.