JPS6052883B2 - Combined boring and honing equipment - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a composite processing device for boring holes in a workpiece and honing them to final dimensions, and in particular, by making the main axes of boring and honing coaxial, the number of work steps can be reduced. , relates to a multi-tasking device that simplifies mechanical equipment.

For example, in order to machine a hole in a workpiece, such as the cylinder bore of an automobile internal combustion engine, to the final diameter, the workpiece manufactured by casting is first rough bored, then finished bored, and finally honed. It was finished by processing, and required at least a third work process.

In addition, in order to carry out this processing, spindles for rough boring, finish boring, and honing are required, requiring a large amount of machinery and equipment costs, and these occupy a large proportion of the processing line. In addition, in order to shorten the machining time for honing, the pre-processing, finish boring, is performed as fine poling to ensure machining accuracy and surface accuracy, thereby reducing the machining burden of honing. In order to improve the accuracy of boring, the boring device must be provided with a correction mechanism that corrects wear of the boring tool and corrects the amount of protrusion. The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems and to effectively solve them.

The purpose of the present invention is to enable boring and honing for machining holes in a workpiece to final predetermined dimensions using the same spindle,
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a multi-processing device for boring and honing that reduces the number of work processes and simplifies mechanical equipment. The present invention is characterized in that a boring tool and a honing tool are arranged in the processing head, so that honing can be performed using the same spindle shaft immediately after boring. Another object of the present invention is to machine a hole in a workpiece to the final dimension in a short time without requiring high accuracy in boring, and therefore without requiring a correction mechanism for a boring tool. To achieve this object, the present invention provides a honing tool provided in the machining head that can be alternately expanded into a roughing tool and a finishing tool. Two types of tools are used, and the rotational speed and reciprocating speed of these tools are guaranteed to increase the honing speed, and the rough honing tool is used to compensate for the wear of the boring tool. It is possible to grind a large machining allowance, and the processing head is provided with a workpiece hole diameter detection means, and the detection means detects the hole diameter after completion of boring to determine when to replace a boring tool that has reached the end of its service life. In addition, the present invention is characterized in that the diameter of the hole being honed is detected, and the honing completion time when the hole diameter reaches a predetermined diameter is checked, and the honing is completed.

A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view schematically showing a composite processing apparatus according to the present invention, which is installed in a processing line that uses, for example, an automobile internal combustion engine as a workpiece.

A workpiece mounting jig 11 for positioning and setting the workpiece w is arranged on the bottom front side of the machine stand 10, two of these jigs 1J are installed side by side, and two workpieces W and W are similarly installed side by side. Boring and honing are performed by the apparatuses 30, 30 which will be described below. Slide bases 13, 13 are vertically slidably arranged on a vertical wall 12 of the machine stand 10, and the device 30 is assembled to each slide base 13, 13. The device 30 includes upper and lower shaft bearings 31,
32, an oscillation mechanism 33 above these, and an end belt 1 having one end connected to the slide base 13.
4 is reversed downward by the reversing wheels 15 and 16, and a balance weight 17 is connected to the other end, and the weight of the device 30 including the slide base 13 is kept balanced by the weight 17. FIG. 2 is a partially sectional side view showing the device 30 and its peripheral equipment. In FIG. 2 and the subsequent drawings except for FIG. In the following description, the left-right direction will be referred to as the up-down direction, along with FIG. 1.

A feed cylinder 20 is provided downward on the top surface of the wall 12 of the machine base 10, and the slide base 13 is moved downward when the piston rod 20a of the cylinder 20 presses the protrusion 13a of the slide base 13.

Further, a protruding part 13b that also serves as a shaft bearing part is integrally formed in the vertically intermediate part of the slide base 13, and the piston rod 2 of the return cylinder 21 attached to the lower part of the wall body 12
1a pushes up the protrusion 13b, and the slide base 13 moves upward to a predetermined height. Two bearings 22 and 23 are fixed to the wall 12, and a shaft 24 having a spline 24a on its outer circumferential surface is installed between the bearings 22 and 23, and a bush rotatably supported by a protrusion 13b. 25 is spline-fitted to the shaft 24, and a pulley 26 is attached to the bush 25. The shaft end of the shaft 24 is provided with a pulley 24b connected to the motor 27 shown in FIGS. Even though the slide base 13 moves up and down, it is transmitted to the pulley 26 by the spline fitting, and this rotation is transmitted to the pulley 26 by the belt 26.
The power is further transmitted to a pulley 35, which serves as a machining power input member of the device 30, via a. FIG. 3, FIG. 5, and FIG. 6 show the lower half of the shaft bearing part 31 constituting the device 30, and
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 4-4 in FIG. 3.

As shown in FIG. 5, there is a bearing 3 inside the case 36 of the bearing part 31.
A hollow first spindle shaft 37 is rotatably supported by the case 36, and the pulley 35 is attached to the upper end of the spindle shaft protruding from the case 36. A hollow second spindle shaft 38 serving as a machining main shaft is passed vertically inside the first spindle shaft 37, and the inner circumferential surface of the first spindle shaft 37 and the outer circumferential surface of the second spindle shaft 38 form a spline 3.
In the illustrated example, this spline fitting is performed by an end cover 40 fixed to the end of the first spindle shaft. Therefore, when the first spindle shaft 37 is rotated by the power input from the pulley 35, the second spindle shaft 38 is also rotated, and the rotation is transmitted through the spline 39.
As a result, the second spindle shaft 38 is slid up and down relative to the first spindle shaft 37, and this sliding is performed while being supported by a metal bush 41 built into the first spindle shaft 37. As shown in FIG.
2, and the lower part 38a of the second spindle shaft 38 is formed as a corresponding taper part.

A machining head 50 is integrally connected to the lower end of the second spindle shaft 38 with bolts or the like, and the machining head 50 is equipped with a wheel or bite (not shown) 51, which is a boring tool, and a honing tool. A certain whetstone head 52 is arranged,
Therefore, the second spindle shaft 38 serves as both a main shaft for boring and a main shaft for honing, and the main shafts for both processes are the same shaft. The wheel 51 has hard particles such as diamond particles on its outer circumferential surface, and is used to bore the hole Wa of the workpiece W. Fixed. The honing whetstone head 52 is composed of a rough whetstone head 55 and a finishing whetstone head 56, and a rough whetstone and a finishing whetstone are attached and fixed to the outer surfaces of the honing whetstone heads 55 and 56, respectively.

Three grindstone heads 55 and 56 for roughing and finishing are prepared as shown in FIG. It is fitted into the machining head 50 and is movable in the radial direction while being guided by the guide hole 57 at the same position in the axial direction of the processing head 50. .
As shown in FIG. 3, inside the processing head 50, which is hollow, there are cone shafts 58 for expanding each of the roughing whetstone head 55 and the finishing whetstone head 56.
, 59 are individually slidably inserted into the roughing cone shaft 58.
The tip of the finishing cone shaft 59 is divided into three parts, and the three-pronged part of the finishing cone shaft 59 is inserted between these parts. Each cone shaft 58
, 59 are provided with inclined surfaces 58a, 58b, 59a, 59b, and the inner surfaces of the upper and lower legs 55a, 55b of the roughing grindstone head 55 are in contact with the inclined surfaces 58a, 58b of the roughing cone shaft 58, The inner surfaces of the legs 56a, 56b of the finishing whetstone head 56 come into contact with the inclined surfaces 59a, 59b of the finishing cone shaft 59. Further, the roughing whetstone head 55 and the roughing cone shaft 58, and the finishing whetstone head 56 and the finishing cone shaft 59 are each connected in the radial direction by a connecting member 60, and in the illustrated example, the outer end of the connecting member 60 The inner end portions are connected to the grindstone heads 55, 56 with bolts or the like, and the inner ends thereof are engaged with grooves 61 formed in the cone shafts 58, 59.
It has an inclined groove 61a having the same direction and angle as 9a and 59b. The connecting action of the connecting member 60 reliably prevents the grindstone heads 55 and 56 from flying out due to centrifugal force even if the processing head 50 rotates at high speed during boring. As shown in FIG. 5, the upper part of the second spindle shaft 38 extends from the end of the first spindle shaft 37, and as shown in FIG. has been done. A cylindrical member 63 is installed inside the case 62 so as to be slidable up and down.
An upper end 38b of the spindle 38 is rotatably inserted and connected. The upper portion of the cylindrical member 63 protrudes from the case 62, and the oscillation mechanism 33 constituting the device 30 is connected to the end of the protruding portion 63a of the cylindrical member 63, as shown in FIG. The oscillation mechanism 33 has a swing motor 70 whose shaft 70a reciprocates within a certain angle range.The base end of a swing arm 71 is connected to the shaft 70a, and the tip of the swing arm 71 and the protrusion of the cylindrical member 63 are connected to the shaft 70a. 63a end portion is connected by a connecting arm 74 using pins 72, 73 as pivoting means. Therefore, when the swing arm 71 swings due to the operation of the swing motor 70, the cylindrical member 63 slides up and down while being supported by the case 62 of the bearing part 32, and accordingly, the second spindle shaft 38 and the processing head 50 also move up and down. Move back and forth. As shown in FIG. 6, inside the cylindrical member 63, a first cylinder 75 and a second cylinder 76 to which working fluid such as oil is supplied are formed in parallel, and a first piston 76 is connected to these cylinders.
7. A second piston 78 is slidably installed inside. A connecting nut member 8 is attached to the rough cone shaft 58 as shown in FIG.
A hollow rod 82 is connected through 0 and 81, and the rod 82 has a long shaft and is inserted into the inside of the second spindle shaft 38, passing vertically through the shaft bearing part 31 as shown in FIG. 5, and as shown in FIG. It projects from the upper end 38b of the second spindle shaft 38, and is rotatably connected to the first piston 77 in the first cylinder 75 at the projecting end 82a by a bearing 83'.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3, a long shaft rod 86 having a smaller diameter than the rod 82 is connected to the finishing cone shaft 59 via a threaded rod 8 male nut member 85, and the rod 86 is connected to the inside of the rod 82 as shown in FIG. The rod 86 also passes through the first piston 77 as shown in FIG.
It is rotatably connected to a second piston 78 in 6 by a bearing 87. As shown in FIG. 4, an air nozzle 90 of air micro detection means for detecting the diameter of the hole Wa of the workpiece W is arranged at a suitable position on the outer peripheral surface of the processing head 50.
is supplied with air flowing through a passage 91 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, and the passage 91 has holes 92a in the air seal member 92 shown in FIG. 3, holes 82a in the nut members 81 and 85,
It communicates with a passage 86a formed inside the innermost rod 86 via an air nozzle 85a, and the pressure or amount of air flowing through the passages 86a and 91 to be ejected from the air nozzle 90 is converted from air to electricity. The diameter of the hole Wa is measured. Next, the boring and honing of the work W will be described. The slide base 13 is moved downward by the operation of the feed cylinder 20, the entire apparatus 30 is lowered, and the processing head 50 is inserted into the hole Wa of the workpiece W.

At this time, the motor 27 is being driven, so the first spindle shaft 37 and the second spindle shaft 38 are rotating, and the processing head 50 is also rotating, and as the cylinder 20 is fed, the - A wheel or a cutting tool 51 bores the hole Wa, and the diameter of the hole Wa is expanded with one passing operation. In this boring process, the oscillation mechanism 33 applies an upward tensile force to the second spindle shaft 38, and press-fits the tapered lower part 38a of the spindle shaft 38 onto the lower end tapered surface 42 of the first spindle 37 as shown in FIG. By this fitting, the first spindle shaft 37 and the second spindle shaft 38 are in the same state as if they were integrated,
During this boring process, the axial rigidity of the second spindle shaft 38, which is the main axis for boring, is the same as the rigidity of the first spindle shaft 37, which improves the axial rigidity, making it possible to perform boring with a large processing load. After this boring process is completed, air is blown out from the air nozzle 90 to measure the diameter of the hole Wa.

In this inspection, even if the boring wheel or bit 51 is slightly worn, the machining for this wear can be sufficiently compensated for by the next honing process.
This is done in order to check whether or not the wheel or cutting tool 51 is worn to the extent that it requires replacement. Therefore, an extremely large number of workpieces W can be processed with one wheel or cutting tool 51 that does not require a correction mechanism. After the boring process is completed, the return cylinder 2
1, the slide base 13 and device 30 are returned to a constant height position corresponding to the honing stroke and held at this position by the piston rod 21a of the cylinder 21.

After this, honing begins. Honing processing is
The oscillation mechanism 33 starts a reciprocating rocking motion to cause the second spindle shaft 38 to slide up and down with respect to the first spindle shaft 37, and the tapered lower part 38a of the second spindle shaft 38
The rotational force of the first spindle shaft 37 is transmitted to the second spindle shaft 38 through the spline 39, and the machining head 50 is moved vertically and reciprocally. Hole Wa of workpiece W is honed by combining with rotational motion. Therefore, the second spindle shaft 38 becomes the main shaft for honing during this machining, and the honing is performed using the same shaft as the main shaft for boring.
In this way, the honing process can be performed immediately after the boring process is completed, and the apparatus according to the present invention does not cause locating errors or axis alignment errors, so it is possible to perform the honing process immediately after the boring process is completed. It is possible to eliminate the need for a floating mechanism for the machining head, and it is sufficient to simply move the second spindle shaft 38, which is the main shaft for honing, linearly along the first spindle shaft 37.

Further, since the second spindle shaft 38 can be guided by the first spindle shaft 37 and reciprocated, the honing speed can be increased. Since it is sufficient to reciprocate the lightweight second spindle shaft 38 by separating it from the shaft 37, it is possible to improve the processing speed in this sense as well. The above explanation of the honing process is based on the first and second spindle shafts 37 and 38.
This description focuses on the operation of the system, and specifically, it is performed as follows.

Working fluid is supplied to the first cylinder 75 within the cylindrical member 63 to cause the first piston 77 to slide upward, thereby causing the roughing cone shaft 58 to move upward and backward via the rod 82 and the like.

As a result, due to the tapering action of the inclined surfaces 58a and 58b of the cone shaft 58, the three rough grindstone stands 55... expand and move in the outer radial direction, and the rough grindstones on the outer surface move around the inner periphery of the hole Wa of the workpiece W. The hole Wa is roughly honed by a combination of the rotational motion and the reciprocating motion of the machining head 50 while being pressed against the surface. The rough honing process is performed by grinding a large machining allowance including the wear of the boring wheel, and the honing speed is increased as mentioned above, so it can be completed in a short time. . During the rough honing process, the air nozzle 90 continues to measure the diameter of the hole Wa, and when the hole Wa is rough-machined to a diameter that leaves enough finish honing allowance to maintain the normal progress of the workpiece machining line, the rough honing process is completed. The air micro detection means detects the completion of the Zening process, and the rough honing process is completed. Thereafter, the first piston 77 is returned to its original position and the roughing cone shaft 58 is lowered.

Due to this lowering, during rough honing, the rough cone shaft 5
The connecting member 60 that was engaged with the inclined groove 61a of the groove 61 of No. 8
Since the inner end portions of the three rough grindstone heads 55 are pulled in the inner radial direction by the tapering action of the inclined grooves 61a, the three rough grindstone heads 55 are retracted so as to be retracted into the processing head 50. After or at the same time as the reduction movement of the roughing grindstone head 55, a working fluid is supplied to the second cylinder 76 in the cylindrical member 63, and the second
The piston 78 is moved upward, and the finishing cone shaft 59 is moved upward and backward via the rod 86 and the like. As a result, due to the taper action of the inclined surfaces 59a and 59b of the finishing cone shaft 59, the three finishing whetstone heads 56... are replaced by the roughing whetstone heads 55...
・Instead, it expands and moves in the outer radial direction, and the finishing whetstone on the outer surface comes into pressure contact with the inner circumferential surface of the hole Wa of the workpiece W, and finish honing is performed by combining the rotational motion and reciprocating motion of the processing head 50. . Even during this finish honing process, the diameter of the hole Wa continues to be measured by the air nozzle 90, and the air micro detection means checks when the finish honing process is completed, and when the diameter of the hole Wa has been machined to a predetermined diameter, the diameter of the hole Wa is continuously measured by the air nozzle 90. The honing process is completed.

Return the second piston 78 to its old position and finish the finishing whetstone 56...
When the cylinder 20 moves the slide base 13 and the device 30 upward and returns and extracts the machining head 50 from the hole Wa of the workpiece W, one cycle of workpiece machining is completed and preparations for machining the next workpiece are completed. . Note that during boring and honing, the rods 82 and 86 that connect the roughing and finishing cone shafts 58 and 59 and the first and second pistons 76 and 78 rotate together with the processing head 50. The rotation of the rods 82, 86 relative to the pistons 76, 78 is effected by the bearings 83, 87.

As is clear from the above description, according to the present invention, since the main spindle for boring and the main spindle for honing can be the same axis, honing can be performed immediately after boring, and the work process is faster than in the past. It is possible to reduce the number of machines, improve workability, simplify the machinery and equipment, reduce equipment costs, and further reduce the floor space occupied in the processing line, resulting in labor savings. In addition, since the honing speed is increased and the wear of the boring tool can be removed by rough honing, a compensation mechanism for the boring tool is not required and the boring process can be performed with high accuracy. Despite this, the machining time can be shortened by increasing the machining speed and high-capacity machining, and it is possible to detect when it is time to replace the boring tool and when the honing process is completed. This is performed by the hole diameter detection means, and the hole in the workpiece can be accurately machined to a predetermined final size.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show one embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the entire complex processing device, FIG. 2 is a side view of the main parts of FIG. 1 showing the device and peripheral equipment, and FIG. Partially enlarged sectional view, 4th
The figure is a sectional view taken along the line 4--4 in FIG. 3, and FIGS. 5 and 6 are partially enlarged sectional views of FIG. 2. In the drawing, 38 is a spindle shaft, 50 is a processing head, 5
1 is a wheel or bit which is a boring tool, 52
Reference numeral 55 denotes a whetstone head which is a honing tool, 55 a rough whetstone head, 56 a finishing whetstone head, and 90 an air nozzle constituting a workpiece hole diameter detection means.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. By arranging both a boring tool and a honing tool in a processing head, and providing the processing head at the tip of a spindle shaft, the boring main shaft and the honing main shaft can be combined. are the same axis, and a tapered part that expands toward the front is formed on the outer periphery of the tip of the spindle shaft, and the spindle shaft is inserted into a hollow shaft that has a tapered surface corresponding to the tapered part formed on the inner periphery of the tip. The spindle shaft is configured to be movable in the axial direction so that the tapered part is pressed against the tapered surface during boring, and is separated during honing. Honing complex processing equipment. 2. A boring tool and rough and finishing honing tools that can be expanded alternately are arranged in a processing head, and the processing head is installed at the tip of the spindle shaft, thereby performing boring processing. The main spindle for honing and the main spindle for honing are the same axis, and a tapered part that expands toward the tip is formed on the outer periphery of the tip of the spindle shaft, and a tapered surface corresponding to the tapered part is formed on the inner periphery of the tip. The spindle shaft is fitted into the shaft so as to be slidable in the axial direction, and the spindle shaft is configured to be movable in the axial direction so that the tapered portion is brought into pressure contact with the tapered surface during boring and is separated during honing. A boring machine characterized in that the machining head is further provided with a workpiece hole diameter detecting means for measuring the workpiece hole diameter upon completion of the boring process, detecting the workpiece hole diameter during the honing process, and informing the completion time of the honing process. Honing complex processing equipment.