JPS6038174B2 - Hydrogen isotope separation equipment - Google Patents
Hydrogen isotope separation equipmentInfo
- Publication number
- JPS6038174B2 JPS6038174B2 JP11510077A JP11510077A JPS6038174B2 JP S6038174 B2 JPS6038174 B2 JP S6038174B2 JP 11510077 A JP11510077 A JP 11510077A JP 11510077 A JP11510077 A JP 11510077A JP S6038174 B2 JPS6038174 B2 JP S6038174B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen
- water
- oxygen
- tritium
- isotope separation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 44
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims description 44
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 40
- 238000005372 isotope separation Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N Tritium Chemical compound [3H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N Heavy water Chemical compound [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 5
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009429 electrical wiring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-PWCQTSIFSA-N Tritiated water Chemical compound [3H]O[3H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-PWCQTSIFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011532 electronic conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は電気分解による水素同位体の分離を、低い運転
費で行なえるようにした水素の同位体の分離装置に関す
るものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a hydrogen isotope separation apparatus that enables separation of hydrogen isotopes by electrolysis at low operating costs.
水素の同位体には軽水素、重水素およびトリチウムがあ
り、これらを分離する方法は各種のものが提案されてお
り、そのうち電気分解法は有望なものの一つである。Hydrogen isotopes include light hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium, and various methods have been proposed to separate them, among which electrolysis is one of the most promising.
これは水を電気分解によって水素を酸素に分解する際、
陰極で生成される気相水素中の重水素（またはトリチウ
ム）の濃度は、残留してしている重水素（またはトリチ
ウム）の濃度より相当に低くなる事を利用するものであ
る。すなわち水の電解槽と水素と酸素の再結合器を適宜
組み合せれば、任意の濃度にこれら同位体を濃縮（また
は希釈）分離することができる。しかしながら、この方
法を重水製造プラントや原子力発電所におけるトリチゥ
ム分離装置のように工業的な規模で実施しようとすれば
、その電解に要する電力は大量のものとなり、その運転
費（ランニングコスト）が高くなる欠点があった。本発
明者等は、上記のような電気分解法による水素の同位体
分離において、その運転費（ランニング・コスト）を低
減し得る方法について研究をを重ねた結果、発電効率の
非常に高い燃料電池に、電解槽で発生した水素と酸素を
再結合して水に戻す役目と、電力を発生させ電解に要し
た電力を補償する機能とをもたせることにより、水素の
同位体を分離する装置の運転費を大中に低減できること
を見出し本発明に到達したものである。This occurs when water is electrolyzed to decompose hydrogen into oxygen.
This method takes advantage of the fact that the concentration of deuterium (or tritium) in the gaseous hydrogen produced at the cathode is considerably lower than the concentration of residual deuterium (or tritium). In other words, by appropriately combining a water electrolyzer and a hydrogen/oxygen recombiner, these isotopes can be concentrated (or diluted) and separated to an arbitrary concentration. However, if this method were to be implemented on an industrial scale, such as in heavy water production plants or tricium separation equipment at nuclear power plants, a large amount of electricity would be required for electrolysis, and the running costs would be high. There was a drawback. The inventors of the present invention have conducted repeated research on methods for reducing the running costs of hydrogen isotope separation using the electrolysis method described above, and as a result, they have developed a fuel cell with extremely high power generation efficiency. It is possible to operate a device that separates hydrogen isotopes by recombining the hydrogen and oxygen generated in the electrolyzer and returning them to water, as well as generating electricity and compensating the electricity required for electrolysis. The present invention was achieved by discovering that the cost can be significantly reduced.
すなわち、本発明は水が供給される電解槽、同電解槽の
各電極上にそれぞれ区画して形成されたガス室に連絡し
前記電解槽内で発生した水素及び酸素が供給される水素
−酸素燃料電池、及び前記電解槽に給電する電源装置を
有してなり、同電源装置に前記電池を連絡し同電池の出
力を同電源装置に付加することを特徴とする、水素同位
体分離装置に関するものである。第１図に本発明による
水素の同位体の分離装置の原理説明図を示す。That is, the present invention provides an electrolytic cell to which water is supplied, and a hydrogen-oxygen cell which is connected to a gas chamber formed separately on each electrode of the electrolytic cell, and to which hydrogen and oxygen generated in the electrolytic cell are supplied. Relating to a hydrogen isotope separation device comprising a fuel cell and a power supply device for supplying power to the electrolyzer, the battery being connected to the power supply device and the output of the battery being added to the power supply device. It is something. FIG. 1 shows an explanatory diagram of the principle of a hydrogen isotope separation apparatus according to the present invention.
電解檀１には陰極板２および３が設けられ、各電極板は
電気配線１８により電源装置１９に接続され電力の供給
を受ける。The electrolytic basin 1 is provided with cathode plates 2 and 3, and each electrode plate is connected to a power supply device 19 through electric wiring 18 to receive power supply.
電解槽１の上部には水素室６と酸素室７があり、水素と
酸素の俵は鳥気の生成を防止するよう隔膜５で仕切られ
ている。また水素室６と酸素室７は各々収集した水素と
酸素を燃料電池１０の陰極１１および陽極１２へ燃料及
び酸化剤として供給するよう水素ライン１５及び酸素ラ
イン１６により接続されている。電解槽１の底部には濃
縮液取世ライン９が設けられており、電気分解によって
濃縮された濃縮重水（または濃縮トリチゥム水）を取り
出せるようにしてある。燃料電池１０‘ま陰極１１と陽
極１２及び電解質１３からなり、電極は多孔質の炭素な
どの電子導電体の物質からできており、その表面には水
素や酸素を活性化させるための触媒（白金など）が添加
されている。また燃料電池１０１こは電池反応によって
生じた水を取り出すための希釈液取出ライン１４を設け
てある。陰極１１及び陽極１２は発生した電力を送るた
め、電気配線１７により電源装置１９へ接続してある。
水素の同位体分離には、軽水素の分離、重水素とトリチ
ウムの分離、軽水素とトリチウムの分離及びこれらの混
合した形式のものが考えられるが、ここでは軽水素とト
リチウムの分離を例に説明する。There is a hydrogen chamber 6 and an oxygen chamber 7 in the upper part of the electrolytic cell 1, and the hydrogen and oxygen bales are separated by a diaphragm 5 to prevent the generation of bird air. The hydrogen chamber 6 and the oxygen chamber 7 are also connected by a hydrogen line 15 and an oxygen line 16 so as to supply the collected hydrogen and oxygen to the cathode 11 and anode 12 of the fuel cell 10 as fuel and oxidant, respectively. A concentrate removal line 9 is provided at the bottom of the electrolytic cell 1 so that concentrated heavy water (or concentrated tritium water) concentrated by electrolysis can be taken out. The fuel cell 10' consists of a cathode 11, an anode 12, and an electrolyte 13. The electrodes are made of an electronic conductor material such as porous carbon, and a catalyst (platinum) for activating hydrogen and oxygen is coated on the surface of the electrode. etc.) are added. Further, the fuel cell 101 is provided with a diluent extraction line 14 for extracting water produced by the cell reaction. The cathode 11 and the anode 12 are connected by electrical wiring 17 to a power supply 19 for transmitting the generated power.
Hydrogen isotope separation can include separation of light hydrogen, separation of deuterium and tritium, separation of light hydrogen and tritium, and a mixture of these.Here, separation of light hydrogen and tritium will be used as an example. explain.
彼処理水（軽水とトリチウム水の混合水）は供給液ライ
ン８から電解槽１に供給され、ここで電気分解により水
素が陰極板２で生じ水素室６に集められ、また酸素は陽
極板３で生じ酸素室７に集められる。この電気分解の際
、陰極における軽水素とトリチウムの過電圧はトリチゥ
ムの方が大きいため、発生した水素中（気相中の）のト
リチウム濃度は残留している水中のトリチウム濃度より
低くなるので、トリチウムの濃縮水が電解槽１中に生成
され、またトリチウムの希釈水が後述されるように燃料
電池１０で生成される（すなわち軽水素とトリチウムの
分離が行なわれる）。さて電解槽１の水素室６及び酸素
室７に収集された水素及び酸素は各々水素ライン及び酸
素ライン１６を経由して燃料電池１０の陰極１ １及び
陽極１へそれぞれ供給される。次に燃料露地１川こおけ
る作用を説明する（水素・酸素燃料電池には酸素電解質
とアルカリ性電解質を利用したものがあるが、ここでは
酸性電解質を使用したものを例として説明する）。The treated water (mixed water of light water and tritiated water) is supplied from the feed line 8 to the electrolytic cell 1, where hydrogen is produced by electrolysis in the cathode plate 2 and collected in the hydrogen chamber 6, and oxygen is produced in the anode plate 3. is generated and collected in the oxygen chamber 7. During this electrolysis, the overvoltage of light hydrogen and tritium at the cathode is greater for tritium, so the concentration of tritium in the generated hydrogen (in the gas phase) is lower than the concentration of tritium in the remaining water. concentrated water is produced in the electrolytic cell 1, and tritium dilution water is produced in the fuel cell 10 as will be described later (that is, light hydrogen and tritium are separated). Now, the hydrogen and oxygen collected in the hydrogen chamber 6 and oxygen chamber 7 of the electrolyzer 1 are supplied to the cathode 11 and anode 1 of the fuel cell 10 via the hydrogen line and the oxygen line 16, respectively. Next, we will explain the action of fuel in an open field (there are hydrogen/oxygen fuel cells that use an oxygen electrolyte and an alkaline electrolyte, but here we will explain one that uses an acidic electrolyte as an example).
陰極Ｉ１では供Ｖ給された水素が電極に吸着し、触媒作
用により活性化され、水素イオンとなって電解質１３の
中に入り、陽極１２へ移動する。その際、生じた電子を
外部回路へ流す（ここでは電気配線１７を通じて電源１
９へ流す）。陰極１１での反応は次式で表わされる。Ｑ
→２Ｈ＋＋を−
陽極１２では、供給された酸素が電極に吸着して活性化
され、外部回路から電極へ流れ込んだ電子を受け（ここ
で電源装置１９から電気配線１７を経由して電子が陽極
に流れ込む）、電解質中の水素イオンを反応して水を生
成する。At the cathode I1, the supplied hydrogen is adsorbed on the electrode, activated by a catalytic action, becomes hydrogen ions, enters the electrolyte 13, and moves to the anode 12. At that time, the generated electrons flow to the external circuit (here, the power supply 1
9). The reaction at the cathode 11 is expressed by the following formula. Q
→2H++ − At the anode 12, the supplied oxygen is adsorbed to the electrode and activated, and receives electrons flowing into the electrode from the external circuit (electrons are transferred from the power supply 19 to the anode via the electrical wiring 17). ), which reacts with hydrogen ions in the electrolyte to produce water.
陽極１２での反応は次式で表わされる。畑十ヂ２冊‐一
日２０
よって電池全体の反応としては、
叫や２一日２０
となる。The reaction at the anode 12 is expressed by the following formula. 2 books per day - 20 per day Therefore, the overall reaction of the battery is 20 per day.
要するに、燃料電池１０は電気化学的な酸化反応により
、電解槽１で発生した水素と酸素を全量、水に戻し、そ
の反応のエネルギーを直接、電気エネルギーの形で外部
へ取り出している。In short, the fuel cell 10 returns all of the hydrogen and oxygen generated in the electrolyzer 1 to water through an electrochemical oxidation reaction, and directly extracts the energy of the reaction to the outside in the form of electrical energy.
以上のように、本発明の水素の同位体分離装置では水の
電気分解により水素の同位体の分離を行ない、その際発
生した水素と酸素をそれぞれ燃料及び酸化剤とする燃料
電池にて発電を行なうことにより、電解に要した電力を
補償しており、運転費（ランニングコスト）を著しく低
減することができる（１００％補償はできないが、周知
のように燃料電池は在来の発電方式に比べてかなり高効
率である為、相当の効果がある。）。なお、本発明によ
る水素の同位体分離装置を工業的に実施するためには、
第１図に示すような１対の電解槽と燃料電池の組合せで
は得られる濃縮度が不足するため、これらを多段に組合
せる必要がある。As described above, in the hydrogen isotope separation device of the present invention, hydrogen isotopes are separated by electrolysis of water, and electricity is generated by a fuel cell using the hydrogen and oxygen generated at that time as fuel and oxidant, respectively. By doing so, the electricity required for electrolysis is compensated, and the operating cost (running cost) can be significantly reduced (although 100% compensation is not possible, as is well known, fuel cells have a lower cost compared to conventional power generation methods). It has a considerable effect because it has a fairly high efficiency.) In addition, in order to industrially implement the hydrogen isotope separation apparatus according to the present invention,
Since the concentration obtained by the combination of a pair of electrolyzers and fuel cells as shown in FIG. 1 is insufficient, it is necessary to combine them in multiple stages.
第２図はこれらを多段に絹合せたシステムの１つの実施
例を示したもので、いわゆる「理想カスケード方式」の
考えによって電解槽と燃料を結合させたものである。第
２図において、１は第１段電解槽、２は第段燃料電池、
３は第２段電解糟、４は第２段燃料電池、５は第ｎ−１
段電解槽、６は第ｎ−１段燃料電池、７は第ｎ段電解槽
、８は第ｎ段燃料電池であり、ラィンイより被処理水を
供給し、ラィンロより希釈液を取り出し、ラィンハは第
３段の燃料電池より希釈液をその前の２段電解槽３へ送
るラインであり、ライン二は第ｎ−２段の電解槽供給液
ラインへ希釈液を送るラインであり、ライン木は濃縮液
を取り出すラインである。FIG. 2 shows an example of a system in which these systems are combined in multiple stages, and the electrolytic cell and fuel are combined based on the idea of the so-called "ideal cascade system." In FIG. 2, 1 is a first stage electrolyzer, 2 is a first stage fuel cell,
3 is the second stage electrolyte, 4 is the second stage fuel cell, 5 is the n-1th stage
The stage electrolyzer, 6 is the n-1 stage fuel cell, 7 is the n-stage electrolyzer, and 8 is the n-stage fuel cell.Water to be treated is supplied from the line, and diluted liquid is taken out from the line. This line sends the diluted liquid from the third stage fuel cell to the two-stage electrolyzer 3 in front of it. Line 2 is the line that sends the diluted liquid to the n-2nd stage electrolyzer supply line. The line tree is This is the line that takes out the concentrated liquid.
このように電解槽と燃料電池を必要な段数だけ適宜組合
せすることにより、工業的規模の装置を実現することが
できる。本発明装置は、重水製造プラント、重水炉型電
子力発電所における重水中からトリチウムを分離する装
置、軽水炉型電子力を発電所における軽水中からトリチ
ゥムを分離する装置、核燃料再処理工場における軽水中
からトリチワムを分離する装置に適用できる。In this way, by appropriately combining the required number of electrolyzers and fuel cells, an industrial-scale device can be realized. The device of the present invention is applicable to heavy water production plants, devices for separating tritium from heavy water in heavy water reactor type electronic power plants, devices for separating tritium from light water in light water reactor type power plants, and devices for separating tritium from light water in nuclear fuel reprocessing plants. It can be applied to a device that separates trichiva from.
第１図は本発明の水素の同位体分離装置の漠式図であり
、第２図はカスケード方式で本発明方法を行なう場合の
フローシートである。
オー図
矛２図FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the hydrogen isotope separation apparatus of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a flow sheet for carrying out the method of the present invention in a cascade system. O Zuko 2
Claims (1)
ぞれ区画して形成されたガス室、同ガス室に連絡し前記
電解槽内で発生した水素及び酸素は供給される水素−酸
素燃料電池、及び前記電解槽に給電する電源装置を有し
てなり、同電源装置に前記電池を連結し同電池の出力を
同電装置に付加することを特徴とする、水素同位分離装
置。1. An electrolytic cell to which water is supplied, a gas chamber formed separately on each electrode of the electrolytic cell, and a hydrogen-oxygen system connected to the gas chamber and supplied with hydrogen and oxygen generated in the electrolytic cell. A hydrogen isotope separation device comprising a fuel cell and a power supply device that supplies power to the electrolyzer, the battery being connected to the power supply device and the output of the battery being added to the power device.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11510077A JPS6038174B2 (en) | 1977-09-27 | 1977-09-27 | Hydrogen isotope separation equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11510077A JPS6038174B2 (en) | 1977-09-27 | 1977-09-27 | Hydrogen isotope separation equipment |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5449498A JPS5449498A (en) | 1979-04-18 |
| JPS6038174B2 true JPS6038174B2 (en) | 1985-08-30 |
Family
ID=14654208
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11510077A Expired JPS6038174B2 (en) | 1977-09-27 | 1977-09-27 | Hydrogen isotope separation equipment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6038174B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0718340Y2 (en) * | 1991-07-01 | 1995-05-01 | ソシエテ デ プロデユイ ネツスル ソシエテ アノニム | Coffee extractor |
| JP2015021877A (en) * | 2013-07-22 | 2015-02-02 | 矢内 誠 | Radioactive material removal device and method for solidifying radioactive contaminated water |
| JP6303238B2 (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2018-04-04 | 三菱重工環境・化学エンジニアリング株式会社 | Radioactive material treatment equipment |
| JP6147315B2 (en) | 2015-11-02 | 2017-06-14 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Controller-integrated rotating electrical machine |
| WO2018194182A1 (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2018-10-25 | 国立大学法人北海道大学 | Method for producing hydrogen isotope enriched water or aqueous solution, and method and device for producing hydrogen gas having reduced hydrogen isotope concentration |
-
1977
- 1977-09-27 JP JP11510077A patent/JPS6038174B2/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5449498A (en) | 1979-04-18 |
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