JPS6029312B2 - atomization device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an atomizing device for liquid fuels such as kerosene and diesel oil, medical solutions, water, liquid seasonings, etc. The purpose of the present invention is to be extremely compact, lightweight, and structurally compact. To provide an atomizing device which is simple, can easily adjust the amount of atomization, and has good atomization characteristics.

Various types of liquid atomization have been proposed as follows.

For example, [1' a pressure pump that applies high pressure to the liquid and atomizes it from a nozzle; Atomization type, ■ A so-called ultrasonic atomization type in which the vibration of an ultrasonic vibrator is increased by a horn vibrator, and the liquid is guided to the vibrating part and atomized. There are some that irradiate sound waves and create atomization by utilizing cavitation on the surface of the liquid tank. However, these conventional solubilization methods have various drawbacks.

In other words, all of the above-mentioned methods '11 to [3] require high-pressure pumps and rotating bodies, and the equipment becomes larger and more expensive, generates more noise, and the atomization characteristics vary depending on the particle size and particle size. The results were not particularly satisfactory in terms of flea distribution, etc. Regarding '4', the machining accuracy and
Atomization performance was significantly affected by assembly precision, resulting in high prices and insufficient atomization characteristics. Furthermore, although the atomized particle size of '51 is small and good, the particle distribution is not good, and when atomizing water, 1.7MH2 kerosene requires ultrasonic operation at a high frequency band of 1.2MHZ. In particular, when kerosene is atomized, radio noise is generated, and the influence of radio waves on various devices including radios is significant. As mentioned above, the conventional atomization device is
As equipment became larger and more expensive, measures against noise and atomization characteristics were insufficient.

The present invention eliminates the above-mentioned conventional drawbacks, and an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a hot air heater will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a hot air heater. As shown in FIG. It is supplied to a chamber 5 (which also serves as a heat exchanger) and then exhausted.

On the other hand, kerosene 6, which is fuel, comes from the cartridge tank 7.
The liquid is sent to the atomization section through a stylus 8 whose liquid level is kept substantially constant and a connecting pipe 9. In addition, indoor air to be heated is drawn into the main body case from the convection fan 1 through the suction port 11, heat exchanged on the outer surface of the combustion chamber 5, and then discharged from the blowout port 12 as warm air. Now, the atomizing section is constructed around a base body 15 that has a horn-shaped pressurizing chamber 13 and an annular liquid supply chamber 14 inside.

The pressurizing chamber 13 has a non-reducing cross-sectional area part 16 (approximately constant in this embodiment) at the tip end, where the cross-sectional area in the liquid discharge direction does not decrease at least (approximately constant in this embodiment), and in combination with the horn shape, it functions as a fluid guide. . This non-reduced cross-sectional area portion 16 may be provided in the middle of the horn-shaped portion of the pressurizing chamber 13, or may be provided not only one but in plural. A circular electric vibrator 17 is attached to a support portion 18 at the bottom of the pressurizing chamber 13.
Fixed by The electric vibrator 17 is composed of a piezoceramic 19, a diaphragm 20 integrated with the support part 18, and an electrode plate 21, and is a so-called asymmetric/
It forms a piezo oscillator with a dimorph structure. At the tip of the pressurizing chamber 13, a plurality of small hole nozzles (for example, 50~
A thin plate-shaped nozzle part 23 having a small hole nozzle (about 100 mm diameter) 22 is provided, and the nozzle part 23 has a disk shape with a curved cross section as shown in the figure. Combustion air is sent to the combustion chamber 5 as primary air and secondary air by air guides 24 and 25 as shown in the figure.

The primary air is sent to the mixture vaporization section 26, mixed with atomized particles, and combusted mainly in the vicinity of the flame-holding combustion section 27.

It is preferable that the combustion air be given rotational motion and ejected while rotating. In particular, the primary air is configured to be sent to the vicinity of the nozzle portion 23,
It is preferable to have a configuration that blows away the liquid pool near the nozzle portion 23, and it is possible to realize a good atomization start-up characteristic in terms of movement. Note that 28 and 29 are supports for the air guide 24 and the base 15. When a command to start operation is issued from the operation unit 301, the control device 31 determines various conditions such as room temperature and other signals from the room thermometer 32, and when the condition is such that combustion is desired, the damper 33 is controlled by the damper controller 34. Set the air volume to the maximum and start the combustion fan 4. At the same time, the vibrator drive section 35 in the control device 31 is activated,
Alternating power (for example, sine wave voltage) of about 10 to 5 Hz is supplied to the electric vibrator 17, and an ignition device (not shown) is activated. These activation timings do not necessarily have to be simultaneous. When the combustion fan 4 is activated, its wind pressure is supplied to the leveler 8 through the pressure pipe 36 and applies wind pressure to the liquid level 37.

The liquid level 37 before the combustion fan 4 is activated is set at least at a lower position than the nozzle part 23, but as wind pressure is applied to the liquid level 37 due to the operation of the combustion fan 4, the nozzle is raised as shown in the figure. The liquid (kerosene) will completely fill up to the top. In this state, the electric vibrator 17
When a voltage is applied to the vibrator 17 , the vibrator 17 causes a drum-shaped deflection in the direction of the nozzle portion 23 using the support portion 18 as a fulcrum. Therefore, the pressure near the electric vibrator 17 increases. This pressure is increased due to the horn shape of the pressurizing chamber 13, and becomes extremely large in the vicinity of the nozzle portion 23. Therefore, kerosene is discharged from the small diameter nozzle 22. Next, when a voltage having a polarity opposite to that described above is supplied to the electric vibrator 17, the electric vibrator 17 also causes a drum-shaped deflection in the opposite direction to that described above. Therefore, negative pressure is generated near the vibrator 17. This negative pressure causes kerosene to be sucked up from the liquid supply chamber 14, creating a kind of pumping effect. For example, even if the controller 31 closes the damper 33 in response to a signal from the room thermostat 32, and as a result the wind pressure pushing against the liquid level 37 decreases, kerosene can continue to be sucked up normally by the pump action described above. This is possible due to the horn-shaped pressurizing chamber 13, the fluid diode effect due to the non-reduced cross-sectional area 16, and the surface strength of the kerosene due to the small diameter of the small diameter nozzle 22. It will become. Since the above-mentioned reciprocating drum-like deflection motion of the electric vibrator 17 occurs at a high frequency of about 10 to 5 Hz, the particle size of the kerosene discharged from the small hole nozzle 22 is extremely small, ranging from a few Buddha's skin to a dozen or so. It can be made into microscopic particles as small as the surface of a mountain.

Also, due to the wind pressure of the combustion fan 4, the liquid level 37 is reduced only during startup.
Kerosene can be normally pumped up simply by applying pressure to the kerosene, and a liquid supply device such as a pump is not required, resulting in an extremely simple, low-cost, and compact atomization device. FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the vibrator drive section 35.

In the figure, 38 is an oscillator, for example a sine wave generator. The output of the oscillator 38 is sent to an intensifier 42 via an average power control section 41 consisting of a switch means 39 and a duty control section 40, and is sent to an AC coupling means 4 such as an output transformer.
3 to be supplied to the electric vibrator 17. Duty control section 4 of the average power control section 41
0 is provided with a variable resistor 44 and configured to work in conjunction with the damper 33. In other words, since the structure is such that the average power supplied to the electric vibrator 17 is controlled according to the opening degree of the damper 33, that is, the amount of combustion air, the combustion state is maintained in a preferable state regardless of the amount of combustion. It is. Now, in order to obtain good atomization characteristics, the nozzle section 23 in FIG. 1 is preferably configured as shown in FIG. 3c.

That is, the nozzle portion 23 has a structure having a curved surface (spherical surface) as shown in the figure, and the small hole nozzle 22 is arranged so that the center of the nozzle portion is rough. In the case of this embodiment, the small hole nozzle 2 is provided in the center of the nozzle part 23.
There are no small hole nozzles 22 at all, and small hole nozzles 22 are arranged in an annular manner. By using the nozzle part 23 having a curved surface in this way and arranging the small hole nozzle 22 so that the center part is distributed more coarsely than the surrounding area, the probability that the atomized particles will recombine after being discharged and become coarse particles can be reduced. It is possible to make the size of the particles smaller and to make the atomized particle distribution uniform. Therefore, the mixture with the combustion air becomes better, and the combustion characteristics can be improved. That is, compared to a case where the nozzle part 23 is a flat plate as shown in Fig. 3a, or a case where the small hole nozzle 22 is provided on the entire curved surface as shown in Fig. 3b, the atomized particle distribution shape is as shown in the figure. As shown in the figure, the more the atomized particles move from a to b to c, the more dispersed the shape becomes, and as shown by the shading in the figure, the uniform distribution of the atomized particles becomes better. Further, the pressure of the kerosene 6 near the nozzle portion 23 is extremely high and changes at a high frequency (about 10 to 5 Hz). For example, the thickness of the nozzle part 23 that can process small hole nozzles 22 of about 50 to 100 mm is very small (for example, 30 to 100 mm), so a flat plate like the one shown in Figure 3a has low strength and reliability. It becomes a problem. Therefore, if the nozzle portion 23 has a curved surface (spherical surface) and the small hole nozzle 22 is provided therein as described above, a nozzle with excellent strength and reliability can be obtained. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 4, the entire nozzle part 23 does not have a curved surface, and one small hole nozzle 22
It is also possible to have successive curved surfaces. According to this, the thickness of the nozzle part 23 can be increased to increase the strength, and the loss at the entrance of the small hole nozzle part 22 can be reduced, and the atomization efficiency can be improved. can further improve atomization characteristics (atomization, etc.). FIG. 5a is a plan view showing an example of the arrangement of the small hole nozzle 22 in the nozzle section 23. FIG. The small hole nozzle 22 is, for example, a fifth
As shown in Figure a, it is possible to adopt an arrangement in which the diameter of each small hole nozzle 22 is d and the pitch between the small hole nozzles 22 is s., and such an arrangement maintains the preferable atomization performance while achieving the highest This is a dense arrangement of 4 holes/holes 22. Next, FIG. 5b shows a cross-sectional view taken along the center line S in FIG. 5a.
Assuming that the flow velocity (kerosene) distribution at point x of the small hole/sole 22 follows "Poiseville's law", it becomes as shown in FIG. 5c. If the flow rate of kerosene in each nozzle at this time is V, then V=K-4.

Now in FIG. 5b, the point concentric with each small hole nozzle 22 (
Assuming that the diameter of the pipe is inside the pressurized chamber,
The flow velocity distribution becomes as shown in Figure 5d, and the flow rate at this time is V
′, it can be considered that V′=K(multi〉4).

In other words, if the above assumptions hold, each small hole nozzle 2
2 are independent from each other, and it is considered that there is almost no mutual interference.

In other words, if V'≧V, it is considered that the mutual interference between the small-hole nozzles 22 does not significantly affect the flow velocity in the four-hole nozzle 22, that is, the atomization characteristics.

Therefore, when the number of other small hole nozzles 22 around the small hole nozzle 22 is N, V';K・So4/16≧N・V=N
- If d2/16, that is, Z4noN.d, deterioration in atomization performance due to mutual influence between the small hole nozzles 22 can be prevented.

Since the arrangement of the small hole nozzles 22 as shown in Figure 5 a allows for the highest density arrangement, when we find the relationship between evening and d in the arrangement shown in Figure 5 a, we find that N = 6. ．． d In other words, ZI. 57.d is sufficient.

However, in reality, since the flow velocity in the small hole nozzle 22 is extremely fast, a value of about 2·d gives a preferable result. As described above, the present invention has a structure in which a pressure chamber is filled with liquid, excited by an electric vibrator, and discharged from a plurality of four-hole nozzles facing the pressure chamber. To provide an atomization device that is simple, compact, and lightweight, allows easy adjustment of the amount of atomization, and has extremely excellent foggy characteristics.

Furthermore, by arranging the small hole nozzle on a curved surface,
Furthermore, it is possible to provide an atomizing device with good atomization characteristics, and when mixing with conveying air, the mixing characteristics can also be improved.

Furthermore, by arranging the small hole nozzles so that the center is coarse as in the embodiment, the atomization characteristics can be further improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention used in a hot air heater, FIG. Figures 3a, b, and c are diagrams showing the atomized particle distribution in the nozzle part, Figure 4 is a sectional view showing another example of the same nozzle part, and Figure 5 a, b, c, and d are diagrams showing the atomized particle distribution in the nozzle part. It is a figure showing the characteristic by small hole nozzle arrangement.

8... Leveler, 9... Connecting pipe, 13... Pressure chamber,
15... Substrate, 17... Electric vibrator, 22... Small hole nozzle,
23... Nozzle section, 35... Vibrator drive section.

Figure 2 Figure 1 Figure 3 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A base body having a pressure chamber for filling with liquid, an electric vibrator for exciting the liquid in the pressure chamber, and a plurality of small holes facing the pressurization chamber. An atomization device comprising: a nozzle; and a vibrator drive unit that supplies alternating power to the electric vibrator. 2. The atomization device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of small hole nozzles are arranged on a curved surface. 3. The atomization device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of small hole nozzles are arranged so that the center of the nozzles is coarse. 4 When the diameter of multiple small hole nozzles is d, the pitch between small hole nozzles is l, and the number of small hole nozzles adjacent to any one small hole nozzle is N, then l≧4√( The atomizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that N).d.