JPS60253139A - Metal halide lamp particularly adapted for illuminating building and illuminating system - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Background of the Invention The present invention relates to metal halide lamps, and more particularly to metal halide lamps and lighting systems suitable for bald dye lighting.

Currently available metal halide lamps can be broadly classified into two types. One type of lamp is a quartz envelope containing a very compact electrode-stabilized arc as a light source.

The quartz envelope is generally a rotating solid and has wall loading characteristics in the range of 50 to 100 watts per cubic centimeter of arc tube surface;
This typically provides a useful life of several hours.

The other type of lamp, called a general purpose metal halide lamp, contains a wall-stabilized arc in a cylindrical quartz envelope. Typical wall load characteristics for this type of lamp are in the range of 5 to 15 watts per CW12 of arc tube surface, with very long E1211 lifetimes, typically between 150,000 J and 150,000 J, respectively.

Lamps with compact light sources are often used on stage and in studios. A compact light source is desirable because it provides greater freedom in selecting the desired beam pattern when used with a reflector. That is, this lamp can be used to create a very narrow beam pattern, such as used in a spotlight, or to create a diffused beam pattern, with the rear right diffused beam pattern being compact. This can be achieved by placing the light source offset from the focus of the lamp reflector or by using a suitable diffusing lens.

Although compact light sources produce symmetrical beam patterns when used with spherical or parabolic reflectors, there are several limitations to this symmetrical beam pattern. For architectural lighting, the beam irradiation pattern should be matched with i17,
For example, it may be important to create an asymmetrical beam pattern that can highlight specific features of a building. The superposition of beam patterns is
This is advantageous in that the failure of one lamp in a plurality of lights does not result in complete loss of illumination in the building associated with the failed lamp.

Although metal halide lamps have desirable lighting properties, they also have several drawbacks that have previously prevented their use in architectural lighting. Metal halide technology, which is used in the development of compact light sources, has a relatively short lifespan, typically leading to a short lifespan, typically between 50 and 500 hours. It was necessary to adjust the chemistry of the lamp to accommodate bamboo.

The relatively short lifespan of these lights is not a disadvantage when used on stage or in studio A.

However, the typical lifespan of 50 to 500 B, 5 hours is more disadvantageous for architectural lighting. With architectural lighting (well,
At least 4r from about 2000114 ladles/l OOO&
It is desirable to provide a metal halide lamp with an expected lifespan of 4 (1) longer than 1.

In other applications, such as for general lighting, metal halide lamps are relatively large in size. This results in: 1) a more diffuse pattern 1q when used with a constant reflector;

Usually, when an 8-strong single-stroke discharge lamp, such as a metal halide lamp, is used for general lighting, the arc tube that acts as the light source is installed in the outer L lamp, and the arc tube is surrounded by an inert gas atmosphere. As well as controlling the temperature, it also facilitates the removal of oxygen from the environment. Additionally, while run 1 with a relatively large envelope typically provides desirable functionality in general lighting, there are several drawbacks to the large envelope. For example, a narrow outer envelope will distort the beam pattern and in many cases will prevent the advantageous placement of the light source relatively close to the reflective surface, thereby preventing the achievement of the desired beam pattern. General lighting devices with an outer envelope and a diffused light pattern usually do not allow for beam control, making such devices impractical for use in architectural lighting.

In addition to the above-mentioned drawbacks of general-purpose metal halide lamps,
When lamps with relatively large optical center lengths are used for architectural lighting, even small positioning errors at the lamp base will result in relatively large deviations in the position of the light source with respect to the focal point of the reflector, which is usually desirable. This causes the beam pattern to change unfavorably. This undesirable result is 111! Typically, it is necessary to reposition the light source within the fixture and, in some cases, the fixture itself. Therefore, to provide a lamp that has an accurate mounting part and can be easily mounted in such a manner that deviation of the light source from the desired position within the reflector does not occur even during the lamp replacement process. Additionally, it would be desirable to first carefully align the luminaire and light source so that readjustment or realignment is not necessary each time the light source is replaced.

Another factor that must be considered with respect to architectural lighting is the overall size of the light source and the overall size of the outer envelope. Attempts to reduce the overall dimensions of the outer envelope are encountered with problems associated with increased electromagnetic fields applied to the arc discharge from current return leads located close to the arc tube. The increased electromagnetic field creates conditions that bring the arc closer to the walls of the arc tube, which causes excessive temperatures. The walls of the arc tube under such striations begin to bulge outward, thus shortening the life of the arc tube. It would be desirable to establish a means to reduce the size of the outer envelope, thereby reducing the expected arc tube life.

Regarding the light source 411, if the light source is relatively large and requires a relatively large fixture, the light source and its fixture may be placed a relatively large distance from the exterior wall of the building to be illuminated; It is necessary to avoid damaging the aesthetic appearance of the building.

Distance placement often causes the illuminated features of the building to appear blurred due to improper lighting, and furthermore, much of the illumination light deviates from the desired beam pattern and does not illuminate the exterior walls of the building. Becomes light.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a metal halide rung which does not have the above-mentioned limitations and is particularly suitable for architectural lighting, which is (1) particularly suitable for application to building exterior walls; (3) have an asymmetrical beam pattern that can be overlapped to highlight the features of the building being illuminated; In order to achieve the desired uniformity, the beam pattern should be reproduced even if the metal halide lamp is replaced later, and (4) the beam pattern should be reproducible even if the metal halide lamp is replaced later. and (5) to approximately 2,000 to 400
The objective is to provide a lamp with a relatively long expected lifespan of 0 hours or 1, i (or more).

These objects d3 and other objects of the invention will become more apparent from the following description.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, a metal halide lamp is provided which is particularly suitable for architectural lighting. A metal halide lamp consists of an arc tube that is rigidly supported within an outer chamber.
Additionally, at least one pair of conductive leads are disposed at opposite ends of the arc tube and connected to the arc tube's main electrode. The arc tube is filled with an inert gas and about 17 volts effective to set the arc tube at an alternating current operating voltage in the range of about 250 to 300 volts.
It contains mercury vapor ranging from 0 to 180+11 (+). The arc tube also contains halides that generate vapor during operation. The halides include (1) sodium iodide;
] Scandium fluoride, thorium iodide, ] cadmium fluoride, and mixtures thereof; (2) sodium iodide;
scandium iodide,] thorium iodide, cadmium iodide, a mixture of selected iodides, and a metal cadmium additive to a selected thoride or a selected mixture of iodides, and (3) metal cadmium 11 selected from the group consisting of.

The invention will be better understood with reference to the drawings and the description of the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 shows a metal halide lamp 10 according to an embodiment of the invention particularly suitable for architectural lighting. The lamp 10 includes a glass outer envelope or jacket 12 having a relatively narrow oval diameter, typically 12 cm, and having a neck 14 fitted with a screw threaded metal 16 at the end. It is being The neck portion 14 is closed by a gate stem 22, through which the crimped portion of the stem 22 extends a relatively rigid lead-in line 24 and σ26. The lead-in wires 24 and 26 are connected on the outside to the contact surfaces of the base, namely the insulated central contact or eyelet 18 and the base shell 20, respectively.

The lamp 10 further includes an internal arc tube 42 for carrying an arc
A pair of main discharge sustaining electrodes 50 and 58 are provided at both ends of 42 and 1,1. The main electrode 50 is connected to one lead-in wire 24 by an inner lead 48, a foil portion 4G, an outer lead 44, and a pair of fly leads 40A and 40B. These fly leads /10Δ and /10B are extremely important for the present invention as will be described later.

The first N electrode 58 is connected to the other lead-in wire 26 by an inner lead 56, a foil portion 54, an outer lead 52, a conductive member 60, and a side rod 28.

Foil portions 46 and 54 are molybdenum-based, and arc tube 42
Determine the desired expansion coefficient to properly fit the ends.

The side I" cut 28 is welded to the lead-in wire 26 and includes a loop portion 28A which, together with the support strap opening 30, provides support for one end of the arc tube 42.
The (l!! end of the arc tube 42 is connected to the external 11 envelope [1-11
2 by transverse members 32. The transverse member 32 is attached at each end to a U-shaped support member 34, which is attached to a recess 3 in the dome of the envelope 12 by engaging a loop clip 36.
It is fixed at 8.

The arc tube 42 further includes an auxiliary electrode 62, a foil member 64 similar to the foil members 46d5 and 54 of the arc tube 42, an outer lead 66 of the arc tube 42,
It is connected to the relatively thick lead-in line 24 by a series resistor 70. In operation, auxiliary electrode 62 is connected to main electrode 58 by thermal switch 78 . Thermal switch 78 is electrically conductive member 6
0, and the S main part (A 60 is a relatively thick lead-in wire 26
Connected to! It is connected to the side rod 28.

The heat switch 78 controls the arc tube 42 to heat up and cool down.
After the start is completed, the auxiliary electrode 62 is shorted to the ↑electrode 58.

An example of this J, U4J heat switch is U.S. Patent No. 39653.
It is described in No. 87.

The arc tube 42 shown in detail in FIG.
OJ: I received the A1 method of Visas2IllIIl, 1500
It is designed to be made with "Watsuto". arc tube 4
2 is formed of R-fused silica, 11 lye and j) lumina 1N+.

Arc tube 42 contains a filler of metals and halides along with mercury vapor. The halide and mercury vapor droplets have a relative weight ratio of about 1 to about 1:3. If the halogen material is not lit, the steam will be emitted during the operation of the arc box. The halides are converted into ~lium,
selected from sodium iodide, tri-11 iodide, cadmium iodide, and mixtures of hydrogenated iodides thereof; and in one embodiment, the halide contains cadmium iodide. Preferably, it is selected as a helium compound.

As stated in the above 1 Brahma 11''; IJ section,
If an attempt is made to reduce the physical strength of the outer envelope that houses the arc tube 42, the electromagnetic field applied to the arc tube will increase, which will shorten the life of the arc tube itself. becomes. Significantly, the present invention provides a means for housing the arc tube 42 within a relatively compact outer envelope 112 while nominally mitigating the undesirable effects of increased electromagnetic fields.

It has been discovered that when the arc tube 42 is initially housed within a relatively compact envelope 12, the walls of the arc tube 42 during operation create outward tension that is detrimental to the life of the arc tube 42. This early housing for arc tube 42 had a single fly lead, shown at 40A in FIG. It has been discovered that due to the increased electromagnetic field caused by the current flowing in a single fly lead, the arc within the arc tube is undesirably displaced from the central region of the axis of the arc tube toward the walls of the arc tube. This misalignment caused harmful bulging of the arc tube 42. It has been recognized that in order to substantially prevent this shift, it is necessary to reduce the effects of the increased electromagnetic field. Such mitigation can be achieved by implementing the present invention.

The lamp 10 of FIG. 1 provides a pair of current return leads for one main electrode by at least one pair of fly leads 40A and 40B located on opposite sides of an arc tube 42. These return leads are effective in reducing the electromagnetic field applied to the arc tube 42. The effect of a pair of looped wires (, 40A and 40B) is that the arc tube 4
2 arc substantially in the desired axial center region of the arc tube, and is effective in substantially preventing reduction in arc tube life due to increased electromagnetic fields.

As mentioned in the "Background of the Invention" section above, it is desirable for architectural lighting to have a compact light source, such as the arc tube 42, that provides a warm incandescent color temperature. Arc tubes containing metal oxides, e.g. arc tubes 4
2'C - As the incandescent color increases by 1q, the arc tube wall temperature typically becomes undesirable, thereby shortening the operating life of the arc tube and the metal halide lamp itself.

Practicing the present invention allows the arc tube 42 to produce an incandescent color without causing an increase in the wall temperature of the arc tube that would normally lead to a decrease in the life of the arc tube 42. . - This is primarily achieved by combining the particularly advantageous group of metal halides mentioned above, including sodium yoked compounds, with the use of cadmium. Cadmium has the effect of further lowering the color temperature leakage so that it approaches incandescent light. Preferably, the metal halide and cadmium have weight percent ratios of about 40 and about 1, respectively. The combination of these features not only achieves the desired color, but also increases the efficiency of the light source, with a relatively small reduction in useful life.

Another factor of the present invention related to the useful life of the metal halide lamp 10 is the AC operating voltage of the arc tube 42. By appropriately selecting the φ of the mercury vapor contained in the arc tube 42, the value for the arc tube 42 is approximately 250~.

Effectively sets AC operating voltages in the range of 300 volts. When the arc tube 42 is of the above-mentioned J method, in order to achieve this range of about 250 to 300 por h, the selected mercury vapor should be in the range of about 170 to 180 II1g.

The arc tube 42 has the AC operating voltage range, mercury vapor, halide gas, and method all as described above.
Despite having a relatively high wall loading characteristic of 0 h/cm2, the
It has an expected lifespan of up to 14 hours, which is considerably longer than 000 vI, and such a lifespan is particularly advantageous for the dyed fabric lighting associated with the present invention. The expected lifespan between 2,000 and -4,000 degrees is the same for stage and studio lamps, which have an expected life of about 5)0 to 5,000 hours, and for general-purpose metal halide lamps, which have an expected life of about 15,000 hours. It is in between.

The metal halide lamp 10 of FIG. 1 is of a relatively high wattage, on the order of 1500 watts, and is particularly advantageous for architectural lighting where a high intensity illumination source is desired and can highlight exterior features of fixtures.

Higher wattage lamps allow buildings to be illuminated with fewer luminaires.

When lit, the arc tube 42i produces a warm, incandescent-like color, which is particularly suitable for exterior lighting of buildings and various structures. For example, the metal halide lamp 10 of FIG. The correlated color temperature of the lamp is very close to that of an incandescent lamp.

A further feature of the invention is that the light source 42 is precisely and immovably positioned within the metal halide lamp 10 to uniformly produce a beam pattern emitted by one or more lamps 10. The present invention has the following features: (1) The light source 42 is a double-end type, and each tube end is accurately positioned and aligned with the lamp 10 and the reflector, so that desired illumination can be achieved. and (2) achieve uniformity by providing the light source 42 with a relatively small optical center length.

The double-ended light 11!42 is shown in FIG. 1 as tightly clamped and positioned at the focus fjλ of the lamp 10 with an accuracy in the range of about 3Il11; As a result of this precise positioning of the light '1Q42, the metal halide lamp 10 is placed precisely and in a predetermined position relative to the stomach of the object in which it is advantageous to use the metal halide lamp 10. can be written.

Lamp 10 has an optical center length of approximately 160 RII11.

The optical center length here refers to the distance between the center of the arc and the bottom base of the lamp 10. This relatively small optical center length allows for a compact light source 42 that can be precisely positioned within the lamp 10. The middle part of the arc chime 42 is approximately 1 to 20+11 relative to the focal point of the associated reflector.
111, thus producing an asymmetrical beam pattern particularly suitable for architectural lighting. This arrangement results in a vertically elongated light source 19 resulting in an asymmetrical beam pattern. The beam pattern can overlap the light projected from the plurality of metal halide lamps 10 such as the asymmetrical beam pattern 4r, thus making it possible to highlight desired features on the exterior of the building being illuminated, and also to This prevents the failure of one particular metal halide lamp 10, resulting in complete failure of the portion of the building being illuminated.

The metal halide lamp 10 is designed so that the focal point of the reflector is λ.
1. Significantly reduces the problem of misalignment of light source positions.
Furthermore, the metal halide lamp 10 has its light source 40
It is fixed accurately and firmly, so that each device is in good condition! ! ! Return 1 M The problem of positional misalignment between the reflector and the reflector is eliminated.

The present invention provides a metal hashed lamp 10 for use with an anti-Q, l lamp which can be accurately placed on the first floor for architectural lighting. will be easily understood. In addition, the metal halide lamp is out of heat (maintenance is required, etc.)
The moss light source used with the vessel is precisely positioned relative to the reflector unit.

Another important feature of the invention is that the outer envelope 12 of the metal halide lamp 10 reduces interference with the bead 11 pattern. This [relatively small outer diameter]-envelope 12, for example [-37 hard? J to 2 glass tubes is achieved.

FIG. 3 shows a case where the metal halide lamp 10 is used in a floodlighting lighting fixture 84 that has an ND (?Near 4).The reflector 74 is, for example, (open 1) 60 cm,
Turn the radius of curvature 2011111 to the right. Preferably, metal halide lamp 10 is positioned so that the middle portion of arc tube 42 is at the focal point of reflector 74. Made 10 metal halide lamps? h? A ballast circuit for the lamp is contained within the housing 80 and the necessary lightning horn and control functions associated with the ballast circuit are connected to the metal halide lamp 10 by a cable 78.

The metal halide lamp 101 cooperates with the reflector 74 to send out a large number of light beams 86Δ, 86r3.86C186N, which together are particularly suitable for architectural lighting.
: Create an oval beam pattern 8G shown in FIG. More specifically, the oval screw 11 pattern 86 is 1
- It does not have the limitations of a narrow beam pattern or a diffused beam pattern as described in the section ``Background of the Invention''.

More specifically, the oval beam pattern 86 is particularly suitable for illuminating the exterior walls of lime 6 buildings, as shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 shows a portion 88 of the exterior wall of a building having bricks 90 made by 0 Ashikun. The beam pattern 86 produced by a metal halide lamp 10 of 1500 W 1 provides an illumination intensity of 60 W 1 to a candle, depending on the number of luminaires and the distance of the luminaires from the building being illuminated. Since the number of lamps 10 and 1 is large, lamps 10 and 1? Remove the lighting fixtures from the building being illuminated.
This arrangement allows the metal halide lamp 10 to be hidden in a structure away from the building itself, together with the reflector 74, to facilitate maintenance of the metal halide lamp 10. It can be placed anywhere. Additionally, a plurality of metal halide lamps 10 each having a corresponding refractor 74 are arranged to form an illumination system, thus shown in phantom line 9 in FIG.
Overlapping beam patterns shown as 2 and 94 can be created. This overlap is achieved by properly arranging the various instruments 84. By overlapping the beam patterns, the building can be illuminated as desired even if the lamp 10 fails.

In accordance with the present invention, the metal halide lamp 10 was tested using laboratory equipment with a correlated color depth of 103,600.
The desired beam 1.11 II was obtained at '.

As is clear from the above, in carrying out the present invention, J.
SlI! A metal halide lamp 10 particularly suitable for architectural lighting is provided, which lamp is (1) particularly suitable for application to the exterior walls of buildings, and (2) used with a reflector unit 1- in accordance with the above description. At the same time, it generates an asymmetrical beam pattern and uses overlapping beams to illuminate the object [1].
(3) to accurately mount it on the associated reflector unit to generate the desired beam pattern and to make the beam pattern reproducible even if the metal halide lamp 10 is replaced later; 4) A relatively compact outer envelope with means for reducing the effects of electromagnetic fields on the arc tube, substantially preventing the shortening of the life of the arc tube itself typically associated with this type of envelope. and (5) at least about 200
It has a relatively long expected life from 0 hours to slightly more than 400Q hours.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of a metal halide lamp according to one embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side view of an arc tube of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a side view of the metal halide lamp of FIG. 1 arranged with respect to a reflector. C Illuminator V that is designed to generate a desired elliptical pattern! FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the beam pattern, and FIG. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10...Metal frame 1-Lamp, 12...Outside]-embe L1-B, 16...[1 gold, 22...Stem, 24.26...Introduction line, 28...Side part Rod, 40△, 40B... Fly lead, 42... Arc tube, 44.52.66... External lead, 48.56... Internal lead, 50.58... Main electrode, 62. ...Auxiliary electrode, 74...Reflector, 76...Focal point, 80...Housing, 84...Mounting device, 86.92.94...Beam pattern, 88...Building outer wall. special leopard applicant

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A light-transmissive outer envelope, a main thermionic electrode rigidly supported within the outer envelope and honeycombed at both ends thereof, and disposed adjacent to one of these main electrodes. In a metal halide lamp comprising an arc electrode and an auxiliary electrode, the rigidly supported arc tube has at least one pair of electrodes disposed on opposite sides of the arc tube and connected to one of the main electrodes. The conductive leads of the L arc tube are further filled with an inert gas and the arc tube of the L arc tube is heated with an inert gas of approximately 2.
0~. AC operation in the 300 volt range? It contains mercury vapor in the range of about 170 to 180+++, which is effective for setting the If pressure, and halides such as (1-forming halide), which vaporizes during operation. ``] sodium chloride, scandium iodide, ``thorium chloride, cadmium iodide, and mixtures thereof, (2) sodium chloride, scandium iodide, thorium iodide, cadmium iodide, selected a metal cadmium additive to the mixture of halide iodides and the selected tritride 5, characterized in that it is selected from the group consisting of a5 and (3) metal cadmium. A metal halide lamp particularly suitable for architectural lighting. 2. Claim 1, wherein the metal halide is iodide having a Φ% ratio of about 40 and about 1, respectively. The metal halide lamp described in IIi.
20 mm, width of about 20 mm J3 and thickness of about 2 m III. Metal Hanoi lamp according to claim 1 of the 11th edition. 4. The metal halide lamp of claim 1, wherein the metal halide and mercury vapor have a ratio of Φ of about 17 to about 1:3. 5. From at least 2000 hours/l Q 1 from question OOb! A metal halide lamp according to claim 1 having an expected life of up to a very long time. 6. A metal halide lamp according to claim 1 and a reflector, the metal halide lamp being arranged so as to position the middle part of the arc tube with respect to the reflector substantially at the focal point of the reflector. Floodlight lighting equipment. 7. A plurality of metal halide lamps according to claim 1 are provided, and each lamp is provided with a reflector, and each lamp is connected to a corresponding reflector at λ1 in the middle of the arc tube. practically at the focus of the reflector ()
A floodlighting system arranged so as to