JPS60237287A - Pipe repair sleeve device and method of repairing pipe - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a pipe repair sleeve device and a method for repairing damaged pipes, and more particularly to a device and method for repairing fluid conveying pipes such as those conveying natural gas, water or steam, particularly steam boilers. Regarding repair methods.

A steam boiler is an integral part of a power plant. Over long periods of time, a steam boiler or its fluid-conveying tubes may develop leaks due to the combined corrosive effects of the fluid and the environment in which the steam boiler or fluid-conveying tubes reside. In any case, once a leak is discovered, it must be stopped in some way. One such method
One is to plug the damaged tube, but this method reduces operating efficiency. If a significant number of tubes become blocked, the power plant must be shut down in order to re-plumb the steam boiler. Because of the time and expense required, it is desirable to avoid shutting down power plants for as long as possible.

Another method is to repair the broken tube in situ. If the tube is repaired instead of plugged, operating efficiency will not be significantly reduced. The general aspects of this alternative method are:
Inserting a repair sleeve adjacent to the leak in the damaged pipe. When the repair sleeve is placed in place, it is preferred that the sleeve is held firmly in place.

This is desirable for two reasons. The first reason is that from the point of view of steam boiler operation, no movement of the repair sleeve is allowed. The second reason is that tight retention promotes a leak-proof fit. ´ Furthermore, to avoid costly labor costs, the repair sleeve device
It is desirable to be able to use it quickly and effectively. Most preferably, the repair sleeve operation can be automated by remote control.

The prior art solutions proposed so far have not been able to achieve this objective.

U.S. Patent No. 1,471. No. i84 discloses one method of inserting and retaining a repair sleeve. This US patent shows expanders at each end of the sleeve that are simultaneously pulled together by a mechanical device that includes tensioning means. A packer is compressed between the sleeve and the expander to provide a seal.

The tensioning means is actuated by rotating the wing nut, which is tedious and time consuming. Removal of the tensioning means is also cumbersome.

U.S. Patent No. 4. ．． No. 069,573, the repair sleeve and damaged tube are plastically deformed by a hydraulic system. In accordance with the disclosure of that patent, an interfacial fit is formed between the repair sleeve and the joint, but due to the essentially equal elastic constants, a slight mechanical gap, or leakage, may exist. This is undesirable for two reasons. The first reason is that this device is not suitable where a leak-tight fit is required. Second, mechanical deformation of the damaged tube is undesirable, and even less so when the damaged tube is constrained within the tubesheet.

No. 2,756,779 utilizes an expanding mantle to expand deformable expansion ferrules at each end of a repair sleeve. This device is
This is unsatisfactory because it requires time and labor to fix the repair sleeve. The distal end of the repair sleeve is inflated first and then the entire device must be repositioned before inflating the proximal end of the repair slinib. Such operations are expensive and impractical when repairing large numbers of tubes. Also, springback in the resilient elements of the ferrule may prevent a leak-tight seal from forming. Many similarly inconvenient mechanical arrangements are described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,731,041, U.S. Pat.

A mechanical arrangement that pulls two expansion mandrels together
U.S. Patent Nos. 2,517,626 and 4.114,
No. 627. Both of these arrangements are unsatisfactory when used to secure repair sleeves. This is because all of the individual elements remain within the damaged tube, thereby restricting fluid flow to an unacceptable degree.

In connection with the purpose of automating repair operations, it is desirable to deploy the sleeve repair device with as few operations as possible.

Materials that can have shape memory are well known. Articles made from such materials are capable of deforming from a heat-stable original shape to a heat-labile second shape. An article is said to have shape memory because it returns, or attempts to return, from a heat-labile shape to its original heat-stable shape, ie, "remembers" its original shape, simply by heating it.

In metal alloys, the ability to have shape memory is a result of the fact that they undergo a reversible transition from an austenitic state to a martensitic state in response to changes in temperature. This transition is sometimes also called the thermoelastic martensitic transition. Articles made from such alloys, such as hollow sleeves, can readily deform from their original shape to a new shape when cooled to a temperature below the temperature at which the alloy transitions from an austenitic state to a martensitic state. can.

Typically, the temperature at which such a transition begins is denoted rMsJ, and the temperature at which it ends is denoted rMfJ. When the article thus deformed is warmed to a temperature rAsJ at which the alloy begins to return to the austenitic state, the article begins to return to its original shape. Note that the temperature at which the return to the austenite state ends is expressed as rAfJ.

Thus, in a sense, shape memory alloys can act spontaneously when exposed to changes in temperature. These shape memory alloys become self-actuating drivers when facilitating movement of cooperating parts.

Shape memory alloys have traditionally been used in couplings (U.S. Pat. No. 4,149,911), steam boiler tube plugs (U.S. Pat. No. 3,900,939) and prestressed joint members (U.S. Pat. No. 4. 294.559). To the applicant's knowledge, the use of shape memory effects to contract longitudinally arranged tensioning means has not been disclosed in any literature.

One object of the present invention is to securely retain a repair sleeve within a fluid carrying duplex without leakage.

Another object of the invention is to reduce expensive labor costs.
To enable quick and effective deployment of a repair sleeve device.

Another object of the invention is to incorporate the concept of self-actuation into the method of deploying a repair sleeve device.

These and other objects will become apparent from the following description of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

According to the present invention, an apparatus for securing a repair sleeve within a damaged pipe is provided. The device comprises a tensioning means with an inflation means at each end. The tensioning means are arranged such that at least a portion of each inflation means projects outside the sleeve.
Retained within a sleeve. In a first embodiment of the device, the tensioning means consists of a shape memory alloy, the tensioning means forcing the expansion means towards each other and inside the sleeve without applying external mechanical means. In doing so, the opposing ends of the sleeve are expanded outwardly to engage the inner diameter of the broken pipe.

In a second aspect of the device, the tensioning means forces the expansion means towards each other and inside the sleeve to cause the opposite ends of the sleeve to expand outwardly and engage the inner diameter of the broken pipe. In this embodiment, however, one of the ends of the sleeve can then be expanded to engage the broken pipe. In this embodiment, it is not necessary that the tensioning means be made of a shape memory alloy.

In a third aspect, the device further comprises two retention means arranged peripherally to the tensioning means and distally to the inflation means. In this embodiment, the tensioning means, not necessarily made of a shape memory alloy, forces the retention means and the expansion means, respectively, towards each other and inside the sleeve. The opposing ends of the sleeve are then expanded outwardly to engage the inner diameter of the broken pipe. The retaining means is then expanded outwardly and engages the expanded end of the sleeve.

Additionally, the present invention provides a repair sleeve assembly for repairing damaged pipes. The repair sleeve assembly comprises a tensioning means and an annular repair sleeve with an inflation means at each end. The tensioning means are retained within the sleeve such that at least a portion of each inflation means projects outside the sleeve. The repair sleeve assembly is then inserted into the damaged pipe. In a first embodiment of the repair sleeve assembly, the tensioning means comprises a shape memory alloy, and the tensioning means forces the expansion means towards each other and inside the sleeve without applying external mechanical means. The opposing ends of the sleeve are then expanded outwardly to engage the inner diameter of the broken pipe.

In a second embodiment of the repair sleeve assembly, the tensioning means, not necessarily made of shape memory alloy, force the expansion means towards each other and inside the sleeve. One of the ends of the sleeve can then be expanded to engage the inner diameter of the broken pipe.

In a third aspect of the repair sleeve assembly, the assembly further comprises two retention means disposed peripherally to the tensioning means and distally to the inflation means. The tensioning means forces the retaining means and the inflation means respectively towards each other and inside the sleeve. What follows is that first, the opposing ends of the sleeve are expanded outwardly to engage the inner diameter of the broken pipe, and secondly, the retaining means are expanded outwardly to cause the sleeve to expand. It is to engage the end. In this embodiment, the tensioning means need not necessarily be made from a shape memory alloy.

In addition, the present invention provides a method of repairing a damaged pipe. Any embodiment of the repair sleeve assembly described above may be used to perform this repair method.

As will be further elucidated below, the devices, assemblies and methods described above are capable of achieving the various objectives of the present invention and also provide for applying leakproof sleeves in a quick and effective manner that is amenable to automation. Accordingly, the problems of the prior art can be solved incidentally.

The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, and in particular to FIGS. 1-4. The drawings depict aspects of the invention in a typical working environment. A broken pipe 4 with some kind of damage, for example a hole l, is shown terminated in the tubesheet 2. Normally, in this working environment, the broken pipe can only be accessed from the bottom 3 of the tubesheet 2. Whatever equipment and methods are employed to repair a broken pipe, it is only possible to work from one end. With this in mind, the present invention will now be described in more detail.

In accordance with the present invention, a device for securing a repair sleeve 6 within a damaged pipe 4 is disclosed. In a first aspect of the invention, the device comprises a shape memory alloy tensioning means 8 with an expansion means 10.12 at each end. The tensioning means 8 are held within the sleeve such that at least one portion 14.16 of each inflation means projects outside the sleeve. The tensioning means forces the expansion means towards each other and inside the sleeve without applying external mechanical means. The opposing ends 18.degree. 20 of the sleeve are then expanded outwardly into engagement with the inner diameter 22 of the broken pipe. "Without the application of external mechanical means" refers to mechanical arrangements for deflating the inflation means, such as threaded tension means and butterflies such as those described in the aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 1,471.184. means that there is no target.

As shown in the drawings, the expansion means may consist of a conical mandrel, although other shapes may be employed with the present invention. One of the mandrels may be integral with the tensioning means and the other may be a collapsible mandrel arranged circumferentially relative to the tensioning means. What is “together”?
It means that the mandrel is attached directly to the tensioning means by some means, for example a threaded connection.

Clubcible mandrels are actually slightly stronger than sleeves. This is necessary to inflate the sleeve. However, if sufficient force is applied to the collapsible mandrel, for example if further expansion of the mandrel is restrained by the tubesheet, the collapsible mandrel will collapse or deform. At this point, the role of the collapsible mantle is completed, i.e., the expansion of the sleeve is completed, and damage to the tubesheet is avoided.

Shown inside the collapsible mandrel is a spacer 24. The purpose of the spacer is to support the collapsible mandrel.

Contraction of the tensioning means corresponding to the transition of the shape memory alloy from the martensitic state to the austenitic state causes the expansion means to move toward each other. That is, the length of the tensile means of the present invention in the martensitic state is longer than in the austenitic state, and upon heating the alloy through the transition temperature, the alloy enters the austenitic state and the length associated with that state It is shortened (contracted) to.

The transition of shape memory alloys is a concept known in particular to those skilled in the art. In one preferred embodiment of the invention, the transition of the shape memory alloy used is selected to occur at room temperature. Thus, the transition occurs solely in response to the temperature of the working environment and the expansion of the sleeve is self-actuated. That is, inflation of the sleeve occurs automatically after insertion of the device and no manual intervention is required.

The tensioning means is one of the inflation means, in this case inflation means 12.
has an enlarged cross-sectional portion 26 adjacent to the portion 26;
impinge on the end 28 of the broken pipe (or some other impacting surface, which may be the bottom of the tubesheet itself) while forcing the expansion means towards each other. This situation is clearly shown in FIG. The impact of the enlarged section against the broken pipe end 1i, as explained below, helps to carry out the invention.

Furthermore, the device includes a ferrule 3o arranged around either one of the expansion means 10 or 12. For purposes of illustration, the ferrule is positioned circumferentially relative to the inflation means 10. That is, the ferrule generally surrounds the inflation means 10.

The ferrule has a stepped outer diameter shape. As shown in the drawings, the ferrule has a large outer diameter 32 and a small outer diameter 34. The larger outer diameter 32 of the ferrule generally matches the outer diameter 33 of the sleeve, and the smaller outer diameter 34 of the ferrule generally matches the inner diameter 35 of the sleeve.

Because of this stepped outer diameter shape, the ferrules fit into the distal ends of the sleeves and expand outwardly in relation to expansion of the sleeves while forcing the expansion means toward each other. suitable for getting stuck in.

Preferably, the device further comprises two retaining means 36,38. These retaining means are arranged peripherally to the tensioning means 8 and distally to the inflation means 10.12. In other words, the retaining means 36 are brought closer to the distal end 40 of the tensioning means than the inflation means 12. Similarly, the retaining means 38 are brought closer to the distal end 42 of the tensioning means than the inflation means IO.

Due to the contraction of the tensioning means, the holding means are pulled towards each other and inside the sleeve. However, the retaining means does not hold until the sleeve is inflated by the inflation means.
It doesn't fit into the sleeve. After inflation of the sleeve, the retaining means is expanded outwardly and engages the already inflated end of the sleeve, as explained below.

This is clearly shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.

In a second embodiment of the device, the device includes an inflation means 1 at each end;
0.12.

The device is arranged circumferentially with respect to the tensioning means 8 and with respect to the expansion means 10'.
, two retaining means 36 disposed distally to 12;
．． It further has 38. As is apparent from FIGS. 1 and 2, the retaining means generally surrounds the retaining means and is located closer to the distal end of the tensioning means than the inflation means.

The tensioning means are held within the sleeve such that the retaining means 36.38 and at least a portion 14.16 of each inflation means protrude outside the sleeve.

The tensioning means forces one of the retention means and one of the expansion means to the other and inside the sleeve. As a result, firstly, as the expansion means advances inside the sleeve;
The opposing ends I8, 20 of the sleeve are expanded outwardly to engage the inner diameter 22 of the broken pipe, and secondly, after the retaining means has entered the sleeve, the retaining means are expanded outwardly to remove the already expanded sleeve. The end of the Expansion of the holding means will be explained later.

By expanding the retaining means after expansion of the sleeve,
The retaining means acts to maintain the inflated end of the sleeve in a fully inflated position. Elastic springback of the sleeve is thus prevented and a leak-tight seal is therefore obtained. The problems that have long been a problem in achieving leaktight seals, and which have been recognized in the prior art, have been solved by the present invention.

The expansion means may consist of a conical mandrel,
Other shapes conceivable within the scope of the invention are also possible. As explained in connection with the previous aspect of the device, one of the mandrels may be integral with the tensioning means and the other may be a collapsible mandrel.

The tensioning means may be made from a shape memory alloy. If so, the pushing of each retaining means and expansion means towards each other is caused by contraction of the tensioning means corresponding to the transition of the shape memory alloy from the martensitic state to the austenitic state. The transition of shape memory alloys is a concept known in particular to those skilled in the art. In one preferred embodiment of the invention, the transition of the shape memory alloy used is
It is chosen to occur at room temperature. Thus, the transition occurs solely in response to the temperature of the working environment and the expansion of the sleeve is self-actuated.

The tensioning means has an enlarged cross section 2 adjacent one of the inflation means.
6, said portion 26 impinging on the end 28 of the broken pipe while forcing the retaining means and the inflation means towards each other. Thus, when the invention is partially deployed, as shown in FIG. 2, the enlarged cross-sectional portion 26 impinges on the distal end 28 of the broken pipe.

Preferably, the device further includes a ferrule 30 disposed around any one of the expansion means. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the ferrule is disposed circumferentially relative to the expansion means 10. As shown in FIGS. As described above, the ferrule has a stepped outer diameter shape. As shown in the drawing, the ferrule has a large outer diameter 32
and a small outer diameter 34, the ferrule fits into the distal end of the sleeve while forcing the retention means and expansion means toward each other. The ferrule is centered with respect to the inflation means so that it snaps into the sleeve prior to inflation of the sleeve. The ferrule is then expanded outwardly in conjunction with expansion of the sleeve.

After expansion of the ferrule and sleeve, one of the retaining means is expanded outwardly to engage the already expanded ferrule.

In one preferred embodiment of the invention, the retaining means 36.38
At least one of the materials comprises a shape memory alloy whose transition from a martensitic state to an austenitic state occurs at room temperature. With this preferred embodiment, the retaining means automatically expands outwards when exposed to room temperature so as to hold the ferrule and sleeve in their expanded position. This process is automatic and requires little manual intervention. Most preferably, the upper retaining means 38 is a shape memory alloy retaining means.

The collapsible mandrel 12 and the holding means 36 may be made in one piece such that both the holding means and the mandrel are collapsible.

Because both the collapsible mandrel and the retaining means 36 are collapsible, their elastic elements tend to generate outward forces. This elasticity counteracts the springback of the inflated sleeve and thus holds the inflatable sleeve in its inflated position. It is not essential to the invention that the collapsible mandrel and retaining means 36 are made from a shape memory alloy. Other alloys, such as stainless steel, may also achieve the objectives of the invention.

Indeed, if the retaining means 38 is not made from a shape memory alloy (of course it is also possible to make it from other alloys such as potash, stainless steel, which is preferably made from a shape memory alloy).

In a third aspect of the device, the device includes an inflation means 10 at each end.
．． 12.

The tensioning means comprises at least one portion of each inflation means.
is retained within the sleeve such that it projects outside the sleeve. The tensioning means forces the expansion means against each other and inside the sleeve. It is not necessary that the retaining means be a shape memory alloy; in fact, other mechanical means can also be applied in this embodiment.

When the tensioning means forces the expansion means toward each other, one of the sleeve ends can be expanded outwardly to engage the inner diameter 22 of the broken pipe first and then the other. In the most preferred embodiment of the invention, the sleeve distal end 20 is fully expanded outwardly, and then the sleeve distal end 18 is fully expanded outwardly.

The expansion means may be a conical mandrel or any other shape contemplated within the scope of the invention. One mandrel IO
is integral with the tensioning means 8, and the other mandrel 12 is a collapsible mandrel arranged circumferentially relative to the tensioning means.

In a preferred example of this embodiment, the tensioning means consists of a shape memory alloy. The pushing of the expansion means towards each other is then caused by contraction of the tension means corresponding to the transition of the shape memory alloy from the martensitic state to the austenitic state. Shape memory alloy transition is a concept known to those skilled in the art.

In one preferred embodiment of the invention, the transition occurs at room temperature. The expansion of the sleeve is therefore self-actuated.

The tensioning means has an enlarged cross-sectional portion 26 proximate to one of the inflation means, in the illustrated example inflation means 12, which enlarged section 26 is configured to extend while forcing the inflation means toward one another. , impinges on the end 28 of the broken pipe. This is most clearly shown in FIG. .

Furthermore, the device preferably includes a ferrule 30 disposed around one of the inflation means, preferably inflation means IO, such that the ferrule 30 displaces the sleeve while forcing the inflation means towards each other. Fits into the end, preferably end 18.

When the ferrule is so seated, it is expanded outwardly in conjunction with expansion of the sleeve.

Most preferably, the device further comprises two retaining means 36, 38. These retention means are arranged peripherally to the tensioning means and distally to the inflation means. One of the retaining means 36 is expanded outwardly to engage the expanded end 20 of the sleeve, and the other retaining means 38 is expanded outwardly to engage the expanded ferrule 30. Because of the retention means,
A leak-tight seal is always formed.

According to the present invention, a repair sleeve assembly is provided for repairing a damaged pipe. In its first aspect, the repair sleeve comprises a shape memory alloy tensioning means 8 and an annular repair sleeve 6 with expansion means 10.12 at each end. The tensioning means 8 comprises at least one portion 1 of each inflation means.
4. ．． 16 is retained within the sleeve such that it protrudes outside the sleeve. The repair sleeve assembly is then inserted into the damaged pipe 4. The tensioning means forces the expansion means towards each other and inside the sleeve without the use of external mechanical means. As the expansion means are forced towards each other and advance inside the sleeve, the opposing ends 18', 20 of the sleeve are expanded outwardly and engage the inner diameter 22 of the broken pipe.

Preferably, the three has sealing means proximate at least one of its ends. As shown, the sealing means may consist of circumferentially extending teeth 44.

It is understood within the scope of the invention that the sealing means may further consist of soft metal seals, brass materials, or other chemical or mechanical means.

In a second embodiment of the repair sleeve assembly, the assembly includes a tensioning means 10.40 at each end 42.40.
12. The assembly is
It further has two retaining means 36, 38 arranged peripherally to the tensioning means and distally to the inflation means. Finally, the repair sleeve assembly includes an annular repair sleeve 6. The tensioning means are held within the sleeve such that the retaining means 36.38 and at least a portion 14.16 of each inflation means protrude outside the sleeve. The repair sleeve assembly is then inserted into the damaged pipe. The tensioning means forces the retaining means and the inflation means respectively towards each other and inside the sleeve. This actuation first causes the opposing ends 18.20 of the sleeve to expand outwardly into engagement with the inner diameter 22 of the broken pipe. Second
Then, the retaining means enters the sleeve and is then expanded outwardly into engagement with the already expanded distal end 18.20 of the sleeve. This aspect of the invention does not require that the tensioning means be made from a shape memory alloy. Indeed, within the scope of the invention, the tensioning means may be tension rods or other mechanical or hydraulic means known from the prior art.

The sleeve has sealing means proximate at least one of its ends. As shown, the sealing means may consist of circumferentially extending teeth. Other preferred examples of sealing means are soft metal seals, brass materials. It may also consist of other chemical or mechanical means.

A third aspect of a repair sleeve assembly is provided.

This embodiment comprises a tensioning means 8 and an inflation means 10 at its distal end. It consists of $2. An annular repair sleeve 6 is also disclosed as part of this assembly. The tensioning means are held within the sleeve such that at least one portion 14.16 of each inflation means projects outside the sleeve. The repair sleeve assembly is then inserted into the damaged pipe. The tensioning means forces the expansion means against each other and inside the sleeve. Of course, this causes the sleeve end to expand. In this aspect of the invention, however, the opposing ends of the sleeve are expanded outwardly, one then the other, to engage the inner diameter 22 of the broken pipe. As will be explained in more detail below, the distal end 20 of the sleeve is first inflated, and when that distal end is fully inflated, the distal end 18 of the sleeve is fully inflated.

The sleeve has sealing means proximate at least one of its ends. As shown, the sealing means may consist of circumferentially extending teeth 44. Other types of sealing means are also contemplated within the scope of the invention. Such other sealing means include soft metal seals, brass materials, as well as chemical or mechanical means.

However, features of various embodiments of repair sleeve assemblies not described herein are also within the scope of the present invention. Many of these characteristics were described above in connection with various aspects of the apparatus for securing repair sleeves. Other features of the repair sleeve assembly are clearly shown in the drawings or included in the description of the invention that has already been written. Other characteristics will become apparent from the description below.

The operation of the present invention will be explained in detail below. In accordance with the present invention, a repair sleeve assembly for use in repairing damaged pipes is disclosed. In a first aspect, the assembly comprises one end 4
2 comprises a shape memory alloy tensioning means 8 having a conical mandrel 10 and an opposing end 40. Also included is a conical collapsible mandrel 12 and an annular repair sleeve 6.

In the first position, the repair sleeve assembly positions the collapsible mandrel 12 circumferentially relative to the tensioning means 8 while simultaneously positioning the collapsible mandrel in close proximity to the opposite end 40 of the tensioning means.

The repair sleeve assembly retains the tensioning means within the sleeve such that in the second position, at least a portion of each mandrel projects outside the sleeve, as shown at 14 and 16 in FIG. .

In the third position, as shown in FIG. 1, the repair sleeve assembly is inserted into the broken pipe 4 such that at least a portion of the collapsible mandrel 12 remains outside of the broken pipe.

In the fourth position, as best shown in FIG. 2, the repair sleeve assembly retracts the collapsible mandrel 12 toward the tensioning means without applying external mechanical means.

"Without the application of external mechanical means" means that the tensioning means retracts toward the collapsible mandrel without the application of a mechanical force (including hydraulically) by any means external to the assembly. must be understood as meaning. Naturally, the mandrel is forced inside the sleeve while the opposite ends of the sleeve are expanded outwardly to engage the broken pipe.

In this position the invention is partially deployed.

In the fifth position, the repair sleeve assembly disengages the tensioning means from the assembly. Figure 3 shows the assembly in a fully deployed state with the tensioning means being withdrawn from the assembly. Here, the tensioning means is attached to the innermost end 1 of the just-inflated sleeve.
8 has passed completely. Figure 4 shows the complete expansion,
The assembly is shown with the tensioning means fully withdrawn from the assembly. The dimensions of the assembly are such that once the tensioning means mandrel inflates the innermost end 18 of the sleeve, it can comfortably pass through the already inflated proximal end 20 of the sleeve.

As previously explained, the tensioning means has an enlarged cross-sectional portion 26 proximate and distal to the collapsible mandrel, which enlarged portion 26 abuts the end 28 of the broken pipe during contraction of the mandrel. .

The importance of this enlarged cross-section section is that it acts as a fixture to prevent further relative movement of the tensioning means into the broken pipe. Since the tensioning means is fixed at one end, the only way it can now move is by contracting back towards the enlarged section.

This ensures that two things happen.

The first is that both mandrels advance inside the sleeve to fully inflate the sleeve. The second is
The innermost mandrel tensioning means should not remain or become wedged within the sleeve, which would effectively seal off the assembly rather than repair the broken pipe.

As shown in the figures, a fitting 45 is also used, which is magnetically or adhesively attached to the bottom 3 of the tubesheet 2. The purpose of this fitting is to properly position the repair sleeve assembly relative to the damaged pipe. As shown in FIG. 1, enlarged cross-sectional portion 26 rests on surface 46 of fixture 45. As shown in FIG. Mounting tool 4
If 5 is dimensioned appropriately, the sleeve, tensioning means and inflation means and other elements of the invention are all placed in the correct position before actuation of the tensioning means. Once the repair sleeve assembly is fully deployed, the fitting is removed as shown in item 4-.

Since the tensioning means consists of a shape memory alloy, the contraction of the mandrel is caused by an axial contraction of the tensioning means corresponding to the metallurgical transition of the shape memory alloy from a martensitic state to an austenitic state. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, this transition occurs at room temperature. The significance of this is that when the repair assembly is placed in position, the tensioning means will contract in response to the temperature of the working environment. This contraction occurs without applying any external force. In other words, the contraction of the tensioning means is self-actuating. Self-actuation of the tensioning means is important. This is because this allows the repair sleeve assembly to be placed in the proper position and fully deployed without the need for further action, thereby allowing the sleeve to inflate. All that has to be done is to remove the fitting and tensioning means. As shown in FIG. 3, the tensioning means has already been disengaged from the repair sleeve assembly and rests on the fitting surface 46.

A preferred embodiment of the invention further provides a tensioning means mandrel 1
It has a ferrule 30 arranged around the central part relative to 0. As previously described, while the mandrel contracts,
The ferrule has a stepped outer diameter shape suitable for fitting into the sleeve such that the ferrule fits into the sleeve and subsequently expands outwardly in conjunction with expansion of the sleeve.

In the most preferred embodiment of the invention, the repair sleeve assembly further comprises two inflation retaining rings arranged circumferentially with respect to the tensioning means 8 and distal to each mandrel 10.12. As is clear from Figures 1 to 3,
It is understood that each mandrel initially engages the sleeve.

Contraction of the mandrel inside the sleeve causes the sleeve to expand outward. After the distal end of the sleeve is expanded as the mandrel continues to move inside the sleeve,
The retaining means is located adjacent the distal end of the sleeve. By a mechanism to be described below, the retaining means is disengaged from the sleeve and expands until restrained by the expanded end of the sleeve.

A retaining ring was found to be necessary to prevent springback of the expansion sleeve. This elastic springback creates a gap between the inflated sleeve and the broken pipe, allowing fluid to flow between them. The retaining ring retains the inflation sleeve in a fully inflated position, thereby promoting a leak-tight seal.

In one preferred embodiment, at least one retention means,
Most preferably the retaining means 38 is made from a shape memory alloy and is actuated to expand without external force when exposed to room temperature. To aid in sealing the sleeve, the sleeve preferably includes sealing means such as circumferentially extending teeth 44.

Another embodiment of the repair sleeve assembly has a tensioning means 8 with a conical mandrel IO at one end 42 and an opposite end 40. Furthermore, conical collapsible mandrel 12
．． Two retaining means 36, 38 and an annular repair sleeve 6
has. This repair sleeve assembly functions as follows.

The repair sleeve assembly, in a first position, positions the collapsible mandrel circumferentially relative to the tensioning means and proximate opposite ends of the tensioning means. Furthermore, the first position places the retaining ring circumferentially relative to the tensioning means and distally relative to the mandrel.

The repair sleeve assembly retains the tensioner stage within the sleeve in the second position such that at least a portion of each of the retaining ring and mandrel protrudes outside the sleeve. This second position is shown in FIG. However, the difference is of course that it is inserted into a damaged pipe.

In the third position, the repair sleeve assembly is inserted into the damaged pipe such that one of the retaining rings and at least a portion of the collapsible mandrel remain external to the damaged pipe, as shown in FIG. Ru.

In the fourth position, the repair sleeve retracts the collapsible mandrel toward the tensioning means such that the mandrel is forced inside the sleeve while simultaneously expanding the opposite ends of the sleeve outwardly to engage the broken pipe. let This position is clearly shown in FIG.

In the fifth position, the repair sleeve assembly expands the retaining ring outwardly into engagement with the expanded end of the sleeve, as shown in FIG.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the repair sleeve assembly disengages the tensioning means from the assembly in the sixth position. In FIG. 3, the tensioning means merely rests on the fixture surface 46. In FIG. With the fixture removed, the tensioning means will fall out from the rest of the assembly, as shown in FIG.

Other features of this aspect of the invention that are not specifically described herein but are apparent from the drawings and previous aspects are within the scope of the invention.

The function of another aspect of the repair sleeve assembly can be described as follows. This repair sleeve arasenj
The bow has a conical collapsible mandrel IO at one end 42 and a tensioning means 8 with an opposite end 40.

Furthermore, there is a conical collapsible mandrel 12 and an annular repair sleeve 6.

In the first position, the repair sleeve assembly positions the collapsible mandrel 12 circumferentially relative to the tensioning means 8 and proximate to the opposite end 40 of the tensioning means. In other words, the collapsible mandrel loosely surrounds the tensioning means near the opposite end 40 of the tensioning means.

The repair sleeve assembly retains the tensioning means within the sleeve such that in the second position, at least a portion of each mandrel 14 and 16 projects outside the sleeve. The repair sleeve assembly is now ready for insertion into the damaged pipe. In the third position, as shown in FIG. 1, the repair sleeve assembly is inserted into the damaged pipe such that at least a portion of the collapsible mandrel remains external to the damaged pipe.

In the fourth position, the repair sleeve assembly retracts the collapsible mandrel toward the tensioning means. Naturally, the mandrel is forced inside the sleeve. In this embodiment, however, the ends of the sleeve are first expanded outwardly, one 20 and then the other 18, to engage the broken pipe.

This sequential expansion causes the force required to force the collapsible mandrel I2 inwardly and expand the sleeve distal end 20 outwardly to force the tensioning means mandrel 10 inwardly and expand the sleeve distal end I8 outwardly. This is achieved by designing the assembly so that the force is less than that required for

This effect is important. By the means described below, further inward movement of the collapsible mandrel I2 is prevented when the collapsible mandrel I2 fully engages the expanded end 20 of the sleeve.

Therefore, the only way the tensioning means mandrel can contract towards the collapsible mandrel is by moving inside the sleeve. Such movement inside the sleeve causes the distal end 18 of the sleeve to expand outwardly to a fully expanded position. Once the sleeve end 18 is fully expanded,
As shown in FIG. 3, the tensioning means mandrel moves through the expanded end 18 of the sleeve. The dimensions of the assembly are such that the tensioning means mandrel moves unrestrained through the expanded end 20 of the sleeve.

In the fifth position, the repair sleeve assembly disengages the tensioning means from the assembly.

The enlarged cross-sectional portion 26 is useful for sequential movement of the mandrel. When the collapsible mandrel 12 is fully engaged within the expanded end 20 of the sleeve, the enlarged portion 26 abuts the broken pipe end 28.

This prevents the collabable mandrel from moving further inward. It can be seen that the enlarged cross-sectional portion 26 acts as an anchor and pulls the tensioning means mandrel IO further inside the inflation sleeve.

In this way, the tensioning means mandrel actually moves through the sleeve and does not become wedged within or remain on the sleeve. If this were to occur, the repair sleeve assembly would be effectively occluded rather than repaired.

Other features of this aspect of the invention that are not specifically described herein but are apparent from the drawings and previous aspects are within the scope of the invention.

5 to 8, in particular FIG. 5 shows the holding means 3 of FIGS. 1 to 4.
8 functions are shown in detail. At this stage of development of the invention, the tensioning means mandrel 10 has an already expanded end 18 of the sleeve and a ferrule 30.

The direction of movement of the tensioning means 8 is toward the bottom of the drawing.

The next step is positioning the holding means 38.

As the tensioning means moves downward, the shoulder 48 of the retaining means abuts the distal end 50 of the ferrule, preventing further downward movement of the retaining means.

However, the tensioning means continues to move downwards. As the tensioning means moves downward, the surface 52 of the tensioning means moves relative to the surface 54 of the retention means. Although the surface 52 can be formed integrally with the tensioning means, it is economically advantageous to
It can be formed as 3 parts or screwed onto the tensioning means. Since surface 54 is initially bent inward, downward movement of surface 52 causes surface 54 to bend outward. Accordingly, surface 56 is moved outwardly to a second position 56', shown in dotted lines.

Since the retaining means abuts the ferrule at the top and is wrapped around the ferrule at the bottom, the retaining means will be fixed in position around the ferrule.

If the retaining means is made of a shape memory alloy, it will tend to expand outwardly against the ferrule and sleeve end 18 after the transition from the martensitic state to the austenitic state. The outward force due to the shape memory effect of the retaining means is sufficient to prevent elastic springback of the ferrule and sleeve distal end 18.

Ferrules serve a very useful purpose. Once the tensioning means has moved past the expanded ferrule, there is no opportunity for the tensioning means mandrel to be able to couple to the inner diameter of the sleeve. The ferrule thus provides a means for expanding the distal end of the sleeve as well as providing clearance for movement of the tensioning means mandrel.

It has been found that the invention can be practiced more effectively if the ends 1B and 20 of the sleeve are made thinner than the other parts of the sleeve.

In this case, inflation of the sleeve end can of course be carried out more easily.

The sealing means 44 are shown more clearly in FIG.

In conjunction with expansion of the distal end of the sleeve, circumferentially extending teeth engage the broken pipe. The result is a leak-tight seal.

Another embodiment of the retaining means is shown in FIG.

As in the previous embodiment of the retaining means, the tensioning means mandrel 10 is attached to the ferrule 3o and the end 1 of the sleeve.
8 and is moved. The downward movement of the tensioning means 8 causes the shoulder 48 to abut the distal end 50 of the ferrule.

In this embodiment, however, the retaining means is attached to the collapsible spring 58 placed within the groove 60.

is held on the tension means.

If the tensioning means continues to move downwards, further downward movement of the holding means is not possible. Rather, the downward pull of the tensioning means and the resistance of the holding means are sufficient to force the collapsible spring 58 further into the groove 6o. The collapsible spring tensioning means can therefore be moved downwardly through and beyond the retaining means.

Again, if the retaining means is made of a shape memory alloy, the outward force due to the shape memory effect is sufficient to prevent elastic springback of the ferrule and sleeve distal end 18.

FIG. 7 shows yet another embodiment of the holding means. This embodiment is similar to the embodiment of FIG. 6, except that a frangible cap 62 holds the retaining means to the tensioning means. Frangible cap 62 may be made from any frangible material, including plastic.

After the retainer 48 of the retaining means impinges on the distal end 50 of the ferrule, the tensioning means continues its downward movement.

When the downward pull of the tensioning means is sufficient to overcome the strength of the frangible cap, the cap fractures (64) and becomes free of the tensioning means. The holding means is then released from the tensioning means and the tensioning means can continue its downward movement.

Again, if the holding means is made of a shape memory alloy, the outward force due to the shape memory effect will be
This is sufficient to prevent elastic springback of the ferrule and sleeve end 18.

Another embodiment of the retaining means is shown in FIG.

In this embodiment, no ferrule is required. There is a retaining means cap 66 and retaining means 38 which include a threaded connection to the tensioning means. In this case, the downward movement of the tensioning means causes the shoulder 68 of the retention means to
It collides with 0.

Further downward movement of the tensioning means is of course limited by the retaining means cap. However, when the downward pull of the tensioning means becomes sufficient to overcome the strength of the retention means cap, the retention means cap fractures (72);
Release the retaining means. The retention means cap may include a notch 74 to facilitate fracturing of the retention means cap.

After the holding means has been released, the tensioning means can continue its downward movement.

If, as in the previous embodiments of FIGS. 5-7, the retaining means cap and the retaining means are made of a shape memory alloy, the outward forces due to shape memory effects will affect the distal end 18 of the sleeve. Sufficient to prevent elastic springback.

A further embodiment of the retaining means is shown in FIG. No ferrule is required in this embodiment either.

The retention means of Figures 5-8 (any of which may be used with the embodiment of Figure 9; in the embodiment shown, the retention means of Figure 8 is used. In this case, the retention means of Figure 8 are movement causes the tensioning means mandrel 10 to directly expand the distal end 18 of the sleeve.

As the tensioning means continues its downward movement, the shoulder 68 of the retaining means 38 abuts the distal end 70 of the sleeve. 5th to 8th
As explained above with respect to the figures, further downward movement of the tensioning means causes the retention means to disengage from the tensioning means.

The sleeve is truncated at the bottom just below the sealing means 44 to provide clearance for further downward movement of the tensioning means mandrel.

As mentioned above, if the retaining means is made of a shape memory alloy, the outward force due to the shape memory effect is sufficient to prevent elastic springback of the sleeve end 18.

A further embodiment of the retaining means is shown in FIG. 1O.

Again, as the tensioning means continues to move downward, the shoulder 68 of the retaining means 38 abuts the distal end 70 of the sleeve. As previously discussed with respect to Figures 5-9, further downward movement of the tensioning means disengages the retention means from the tensioning means.

However, in this embodiment, the sleeve is expanded in two stages. The first stage of expansion is when the retaining means and mandrel together enter the sleeve end I8 and partially expand the sleeve end. The second stage of expansion occurs after the shoulder of the retaining means abuts the distal end of the sleeve. In the second stage, further downward movement of the tensioning means mandrel causes the retaining means to expand outwardly, causing the sleeve end to expand further outwardly. The second stage of expansion is the conical surface 72 of the tensioning means mandrel against the conical surface 74 of the retaining means.
This is facilitated by the movement of

Once the tensioning means mandrel passes the holding means during downward movement, there is sufficient clearance between the tensioning means mandrel and the sleeve.

Again, if the holding means is made of a shape memory alloy, the outward force due to the shape memory effect will be
This is sufficient to prevent elastic springback of the sleeve end 18.

An important advantage of this embodiment is that when using the shape memory alloy retaining means, the stress after recovery of the shape memory alloy remains constant, regardless of tolerances in the inner diameter of the tube. Therefore, an optimum stress can be determined that is sufficient for sealing, but insufficient to cause stress corrosion cracking of the sleeve and duplex.

In this embodiment, sealing means on the outer diameter of the sleeve are unnecessary.

The present invention further provides a method of repairing a damaged pipe. In one embodiment of the repair method, an expansion means 10. is provided at each end.
A repair device assembly is used comprising a shape memory alloy tensioning means 8 having a diameter of 12 and a repair sleeve 6.

The tensioning means is retained within the sleeve such that at least a portion of the inflation means projects outside the sleeve. In accordance with the method of the present invention, the repair equipment assembly is cooled with a cryogen. "Cryogen cooling" means, for example, immersing the entire repair equipment assembly in liquid nitrogen for a sufficient period of time. This step is necessary to transition the shape memory metal to the martensitic state.

In the next step, the repair device assembly is inserted into the damaged pipe and then heated. Heating is necessary to bring out the shape memory effect resulting from the transition of the shape memory alloy from the martensitic state to the austenitic state.

In the next step, without applying external mechanical means,
The expansion means is deflated. This step is an integral part of the self-actuation of the mechanism.

The method further includes engaging the inflation means with the sleeve distal end. the expansion means continues to move or deflate;
As the degree of engagement with the sleeve end increases, the sleeve end expands outward and engages the broken pipe.

The final step of the method is the removal of the tensioning means. At this point, the sleeve is fully seated and a leak-tight seal is obtained.

Thus, the method of the present invention repairs damaged pipes.

Preferably, the warming step comprises exposing the repair device assembly to room temperature.

In another embodiment of the method of the invention, cryogen cooling is not required. In this embodiment, a shape memory alloy with a high martensitic transition temperature can be used such that cooling with liquid nitrogen is unnecessary.

However, since these alloys are required to be non-martensitic at or near room temperature after installation, some of the alloys are cooled in some medium, such as cooling alcohol, to promote the martensitic transition. However, such cooling can be done during the manufacturing process rather than before installation. At the same time, these same shape memory alloys can have a permanent or temporary austenite transition temperature above room temperature. This will become clear from the explanation below. The heating step in this embodiment requires heating to a temperature higher than room temperature.

Preferably, the step of expanding the sleeve end consists of fully expanding one end of the sleeve, followed by fully expanding the other end.

Finally, the repair device assembly further includes two retaining rings located circumferentially relative to the tensioning means and distally relative to the inflation means. The importance of adding two retaining rings in this manner will be obvious. The method in this case includes positioning a retaining ring adjacent the inflated end of the sleeve and then inflating the ring thereby securing the inflated end of the sleeve in a fully inflated position. The retaining ring prevents elastic springback of the sleeve. The elastic springback of the sleeve is
7 In a most preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one of the retaining rings is made of a shape memory alloy and the step of expanding the ring does not involve exposing the ring to room temperature, resulting in a gap between the sleeve and the damaged pipe and thus leakage. Contains. By exposing the ring to room temperature, the entire repair device assembly becomes self-actuating, as was the case in the previous warming step of the device. When parts in martensitic state are exposed to room temperature,
At the working environment temperature, the shape memory effect transition from martensitic state to austenitic state is promoted.

In another aspect of the method, at least one of the retaining rings
If the ring is comprised of a shape memory alloy, expanding the ring comprises exposing the ring to room temperature.

Finally, the step of removing the tensioning means also includes the removal of at least one expansion means, as shown in FIG.

Another aspect of the invention utilizes a repair device assembly comprising tensioning means 8 and inflation means IO and 12 at each end. two retaining rings 3 arranged circumferentially relative to the tensioning means and distally relative to the inflation means;
6.38 also exists.

Furthermore, a repair sleeve 6 is also present. The tensioning means is retained within the sleeve such that at least a portion of the retaining ring and the inflation means protrude outside the sleeve. Given this apparatus, the repair method includes first assembling a repair device assembly and then inserting the repair device assembly into the damaged pipe.

The method further includes deflating the expansion means and the retaining ring, respectively, and expanding the distal end of the sleeve outwardly into engagement with the broken pipe.

The next step is to place a retaining ring adjacent the inflated end of the sleeve. After the retaining ring is properly positioned, the next step is to inflate the retaining ring.

The method further includes securing the expanded end of the sleeve in a fully expanded position with this expansion of the retaining ring.

The final step of the method is the removal of the tensioning means.

In one aspect of the invention, it is preferred that at least one of the retaining rings comprises a shape memory alloy and that the step of expanding the retaining ring comprises exposing the retaining ring to room temperature. In this way, the locking function of the retaining ring becomes self-actuating.

In another cetacean, if at least one of the retaining rings has a higher martensite and austenite transition temperature, as described above, the retaining ring expansion step may include exposing the ring to a temperature above room temperature. It is preferable that

Preferably, the step of expanding the sleeve end consists of fully expanding one end of the sleeve, followed by fully expanding the other end. Preferably, the step of removing the tensioning means also includes removing at least one expansion means. In other words, when the tensioning means 8 is removed, the tensioning means mandrel IO is also removed.

In a final aspect of the invention, at each end an inflation means 10, I2
A repair device assembly is utilized comprising a tensioning means 8 with a repair sleeve and a repair sleeve.

The tensioning means are retained within the sleeve such that at least a portion of each inflation means projects outside the sleeve. Accordingly, the method includes assembling the repair device assembly and then inserting the assembly into the damaged pipe.

The next step in the method is to deflate the inflation means and engage the inflation means with the distal end of the sleeve.

The method further includes fully expanding one end of the sleeve outwardly to engage the broken pipe and then fully expanding the other end of the sleeve outwardly to engage the broken pipe.

That is, the distal end of the sleeve is sequentially expanded outwardly.

The final step of the method is the removal of the tensioning means.

Preferably, the step of removing the tensioning means also includes removing at least one expansion means. In other words, when the tensioning means 8 is removed, the tensioning means mandrel 10 is also removed. - Throughout the specification, we have described the use of shape memory alloys in tension means and retention means.

Many shape memory alloys known to those skilled in the art are suitable for use in the present invention. However, a particularly suitable alloy for the tensile means is the nickel-titanium/iron alloy disclosed in US Pat. No. 3,753,700. This alloy is preferably processed by the method described in US Patent Application No. 596.771, filed April 4, 1984.

Alloys suitable for the retention means are described in US Patent Application No. 541.
No. 844, which is a nickel/titanium/vanadium alloy processed by the method described in U.S. Patent Application No. 553.005.

An important point to note is that, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, many of the alloys suitable for use in the present invention, including the iron and vanadium alloys described above, have a Ms below room temperature. It has humidity and temperature. Therefore, when a shape memory alloy is required in the present invention, it is necessary to cool the part containing the shape memory alloy to a certain temperature below the Ms humidity temperature prior to installation in order to change the part containing the shape memory alloy to a martensitic state. , must be understood. Cooling the parts side by side is sufficient. However, it has been found that when the tensioning means is comprised of a shape memory alloy, it is preferable to cool the entire repair device assembly. Cooling is preferably carried out by immersion in liquid nitrogen. This step has already been mentioned in the description of the preferred embodiment of the method of the invention.

In order to achieve the object of the present invention, Ms humidity temperature of the holding means,
The Ms humidity temperature of the tensioning means must be high. This causes the tensioning means to first transition from the martensitic state to the austenitic state, causing expansion of the sleeve before expansion of the retaining means.

If the reverse were to occur, the entire device would be locked and the tube would be occluded.

In another aspect of the invention, shape memory alloys with an As temperature above room temperature can be used for the tensioning means and the holding means. In this case, it is necessary to heat the shape memory alloy in order to transition from the martensitic state to the austenitic state. In such cases, suitable heating means are provided. For example, if hollow tensioning means are used, a suitable heating source can be inserted within the tensioning means to provide sufficient heat to effect the transition. Alternatively, if the tensioning means is solid, suitable heating means are wrapped around the tensioning means.

In this aspect of the invention, the object of the invention is achieved when the As temperature of the holding means is higher than the As temperature of the tensioning means. The retaining means must be in an austenitic state so that it retains its strength after installation. If so, the Ms humidity temperature of the holding means must be below room temperature. On the other hand, since the tensioning means is removed from the assembly after installation, its Ms humidity temperature does not have to be critical, and in fact may even be above room temperature. Since the shape memory alloy has an As temperature above room temperature, there may be no need for in-situ cooling prior to installation. Accordingly, the device may be fabricated and assembled at the manufacturing site and shipped in its martensitic state to the installation site. Once the device is carefully placed in place, it is heated to cause a transition to the austenitic state.

Suitable alloys for the retention means include nickel/titanium/vanadium alloys, nickel/titanium/niobium alloys, etc. (U.S. Patent Application No. 68, filed November 6, 1984)
8,777). In order to obtain suitable As temperatures, any of these alloys may be used in U.S. Patent Application No. 668,771 (
The treatment can be carried out by the method described in U.S. Pat. A suitable alloy for the tensile means is a nickel/titanium/niobium alloy.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention can be modified in accordance with this disclosure beyond the embodiments specifically described herein without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, such modifications are included within the scope of the invention, as limited only by the scope of the claims.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cutaway perspective view of an embodiment of the invention being deployed; FIG. 2 is a cutaway perspective view of an embodiment of the invention partially deployed; FIG. 3 is a perspective cutaway view of an embodiment of the invention being fully deployed; FIG. 4 is a cutaway perspective view of an embodiment of the invention with the tensioning means fully deployed and the tensioning means removed; FIG. FIG. 6 is an enlarged view similar to FIG. 5 showing another aspect of the holding means; FIG. 7 is an enlarged view similar to FIG. 5 showing still another aspect of the holding means. , FIG. 8 is an enlarged view similar to FIG. 5 showing another aspect of the holding means, FIG. 9 is an enlarged view similar to FIG. 5 showing still another aspect of the holding means, and FIG. 10 is an enlarged view similar to FIG. FIG. 6 is an enlarged view similar to FIG. 5 showing a different aspect of the holding means; 2...Tube sheet, 4...Damaged pipe, 6...
- Repair sleeve, tension means, 10.12 - Expansion means, Ig, 10... Opposite end, 24... Spacer, 26... Enlarged cross section, 30... Ferrule, 36.
38... Holding means, 44... Seal means, 45... Mounting tool, 62... Cap, 66... Holding means cap. Patent applicant Raychem Corporation Drawing 613
(No change in content) F/to 3 FIG 5 FIG 7 FIG 9 Procedural amendment 3. E) Display of the June 12, 1985 case Patent Application No. 72466 of 1985 Name of the invention Pipe repair sleeve device and pipe repair method Person who makes amendments Relationship to the case Patent applicant address Hun, Menlo Park, California, United States of America 94025 300 Institution Drive Name Raychem Corporation Agent

Claims (1)

Claims: 1. An apparatus for fixing a repair sleeve in a damaged pipe, comprising a shape memory alloy tensioning means having an expansion means at each end, the tensioning means being connected to a respective one of the expansion means. is retained within the sleeve such that at least a portion of the pipe protrudes outside the sleeve, and the tensioning means is adapted to cause the opposite ends of the sleeve to expand outwardly to remove the damaged pipe without applying external mechanical means. device, characterized in that the expansion means are forced towards each other and inside the sleeve so as to engage the inner diameter of the sleeve. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein said expansion means comprises a conical mandrel. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein one of the mandrels is integral with the tensioning means and the other of the mandrels is a collapsible mandrel disposed circumferentially relative to the tensioning means. 4. The device according to item 1 above, wherein the expansion means are pushed toward each other by contraction of the tension means corresponding to the transition of the shape memory alloy from the martenzite state to the austenite state. 5. The device according to item 4 above, wherein the transition occurs at room temperature. 6. the tensioning means has an enlarged cross-section portion adjacent one of the expansion means, the enlarged cross-section portion impinging on the end of the broken pipe while forcing the expansion means towards each other; 4. The device according to item 4 above. 7. further comprising a ferrule disposed circumferentially relative to one of the expansion means, the ferrule fitting into the distal end of the sleeve while forcing the expansion means toward each other; 2. The device of claim 1, having a stepped outer diameter shape adapted to fit into the sleeve so as to expand outwardly in conjunction with expansion. 8. further comprising two retaining means disposed peripherally to the tensioning means and distally to the inflation means;
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the retaining means is expanded outwardly to engage the sleeve-inflated end. 9. Apparatus for fixing a repair sleeve in a damaged pipe, comprising: a tensioning means having an inflation means at each end; two tensioning means disposed peripherally to the tensioning means and distal to the inflation means; retaining means, the tensioning means being retained within the sleeve such that at least a portion of each of the retention means and the inflation means protrudes outside the sleeve; the opposite ends of which are expanded outwardly to engage the inner diameter of the broken pipe and the second
one of the retention means and one of the expansion means toward the other of the retention means and the other of the expansion means such that the retention means is expanded outwardly to engage the expanded end of the sleeve. A device characterized by pushing the inside of the body. 10. No. 9 above, wherein said expansion means comprises a conical mandrel.
Apparatus as described in Section 1. +1. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein one of the mandrels is integral with the tensioning means and the other of the mandrels is a collapsible mandrel disposed circumferentially relative to the tensioning means. 12. The tensioning means comprises a shape memory alloy, and contraction of the tensioning means corresponding to the transition of the shape memory alloy from a martensitic state to an austenitic state forces the holding means and the expansion means toward each other. 9th
Apparatus described in section. 13. The device of paragraph 12 above, wherein the transition occurs at room temperature. . 14. said tensioning stage has an enlarged cross-sectional portion proximate one of said inflation means, said enlarged cross-sectional portion while forcing said retaining means and said inflation means each toward one another; 10. The device of claim 9 impinging on the end of a broken pipe. 15, further comprising a ferrule disposed circumferentially relative to one of the inflation means, the ferrule disposed at the distal end of the sleeve while forcing each of the retention means and the inflation means toward the other; said second retaining means having a stepped outer diameter shape such that said retaining means subsequently expands outwardly to engage the expansion ferrule; The device according to item 9. 16. The device of claim 9, wherein at least one of said holding means comprises a shape memory alloy whose transition from martensitic state to austenitic state occurs at room temperature. 17. Apparatus for securing a repair sleeve in a damaged pipe, comprising: tensioning means; inflation means at each end of the tensioning means; The tensioning means is retained within the sleeve such that one portion projects outside the sleeve, and the tensioning means is extended outwardly to engage the inner diameter of the broken pipe. A device characterized in that it forces the expansion means towards each other and inside the sleeve. 18. said first part, said expansion means comprising a conical mandrel;
The device according to item 7. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein one of the mandrels is integral with the tensioning means and the other of the mandrels is a collapsible mandrel disposed circumferentially relative to the tensioning means. 20. The tensioning means is made of a shape memory alloy, and the contraction of the tensioning means corresponding to the transition of the shape memory alloy from the martensitic state to the austenitic state forces the expansion means toward each other, item 17. The device described. 21. The device of paragraph 20 above, wherein the transition occurs at room temperature. 22, said tensioning means having an enlarged cross-section portion proximate one of said expansion means, said enlarged cross-section portion impacting the distal end of the broken pipe while forcing said expansion means toward one another; 21. The device of claim 20 above, which is in contact with the device. 23, further comprising a ferrule disposed circumferentially relative to one of the inflation means, the ferrule fitting into the distal end of the sleeve while forcing the inflation means toward each other; said seventeenth tube having a stepped outer diameter shape so as to expand outwardly in conjunction with expansion;
Apparatus described in section. 24, further comprising two retention means disposed peripherally to the tensioning means and distally to the inflation means, one of the retention means adapted to engage the inflation end of the sleeve; 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the other of the retaining means is expanded outwardly to engage the expansion ferrule. 25. A repair sleeve assembly for repairing a damaged pipe comprising a shape memory alloy tensioning means and an annular repair sleeve having an expansion means at each end, the tensioning means comprising at least one of each of the expansion means. The repair sleeve assembly is inserted into the damaged pipe, the tensioning means being retained within the sleeve such that the portion protrudes outside the sleeve, and the tensioning means is inserted into the opposite end of the sleeve without applying external mechanical means. An assembly characterized in that the distal ends are expanded outwardly to force the expansion means toward each other and inside the sleeve so as to engage the inner diameter of the broken pipe. 26. The assembly of claim 25, wherein the sleeve has sealing means proximate at least one end of the sleeve. 27. The assembly of claim 26, wherein said sealing means comprises circumferentially extending teeth. 286. The assembly of claim 25, wherein said inflation means comprises a conical mandrel. 29. The assembly of claim 28, wherein one of the mandrels is integral with the tensioning means and the other of the mandrels is a collapsible mandrel disposed circumferentially relative to the tensioning means. 30. The above-mentioned second method of pushing the expansion means toward each other by contraction of the tension means corresponding to the transition of the shape memory alloy from the martensitic state to the austenitic state.
Assembly according to item 5. 31. The assembly of paragraph 30 above, wherein the transition occurs at room temperature. 32, said tensioning means having an enlarged cross-section portion proximate one of said expansion means, said enlarged cross-section portion being able to hold the distal end of the broken pipe while forcing said expansion means toward one another; 31. The assembly of claim 30, wherein the assembly is in abutment with the assembly. 33, further comprising a ferrule disposed circumferentially relative to one of the inflation means, the ferrule fitting into the distal end of the sleeve while forcing the inflation means toward each other; said twenty-fifth tube having a stepped outer diameter shape so as to expand outwardly in conjunction with expansion;
Assembly as described in section. 34, further comprising two retaining means disposed peripherally to the tensioning means and distally to the inflation means, the retaining means being externally disposed to engage the inflation end of the sleeve. 26. The assembly according to claim 25, wherein the assembly is expanded in one direction. 35. A repair sleeve assembly for repairing a broken pipe, comprising a tensioning means having an inflation means at each end, two retainers disposed peripherally to the tensioning means and distal to the inflation means. means and an annular repair sleeve, the tensioning means being retained within the sleeve such that at least a portion of each of the retaining means and the inflation means protrudes outside the sleeve; (i) the opposite ends of the sleeve are expanded outwardly to engage the inner diameter of the broken pipe; and secondly, the retention means are expanded outwardly to engage the inner diameter of the broken pipe. An assembly characterized in that the one of the retaining means and the one of the inflation means is forced towards the other of the retaining means and the other of the inflation means and into the inside of the sleeve so as to engage the other of the retention means and the other of the inflation means. 36. The assembly of claim 35, wherein said sleeve has sealing means proximate said sleeve distal end. 37. The assembly of claim 36, wherein said sealing means comprises circumferentially extending teeth; and the assembly of claim 35, wherein said expansion means comprises a conical mandrel. 39. The assembly of claim 38, wherein one of the mandrels is integral with the tensioning means and the other of the mandrels is a collapsible mandrel disposed circumferentially relative to the tensioning means. 40. The tensioning means comprises a shape memory alloy, and contraction of the tensioning means corresponding to the transition of the shape memory alloy from a martensitic state to an austenitic state forces the holding means and the expansion means toward each other. Third
Assembly according to item 5. 41. The assembly of paragraph 40 above, wherein the transition occurs at room temperature. 42, said tensioning stage having an enlarged cross-sectional portion proximate one of said inflation means, said enlarged cross-sectional portion while forcing said retaining means and said inflation means each toward one another; 36. The assembly of paragraph 35, wherein the assembly is abutting the end of a broken pipe. 43, further comprising a ferrule disposed circumferentially relative to one of the inflation means, the ferrule fitting into the distal end of the sleeve while forcing the inflation means toward each other; The thirty-fifth part has a stepped outer diameter shape so as to expand outwardly in conjunction with expansion.
Assembly as described in section. 44. The assembly of claim 35, wherein at least one of said retaining means comprises a shape memory alloy whose transition from a martensitic state to an austenitic state occurs at room temperature. 45. Repair sleeve for repairing damaged pipes 5
An assembly comprising a tensioning means, an inflation means at each end of the tensioning means, and an annular repair sleeve, the tensioning means being arranged such that at least a portion of each of the inflation means projects outside the sleeve. Retained within a sleeve, the repair sleeve is inserted into the damaged pipe and the tensioning means is adapted to expand the repair sleeve such that first and then the opposite ends of the sleeve are expanded outwardly to engage the inner diameter of the damaged pipe. An assembly characterized in that the expansion means are forced towards each other and inside the sleeve. 46. The assembly of claim 45, wherein said sleeve has sealing means proximate said sleeve distal end. 47. An assembly according to claim 46, wherein said sealing means comprises circumferentially extending teeth. 48, said fourth wherein said expansion means comprises a conical mandrel;
Assembly according to item 5. 49. The assembly of claim 48, wherein one of the mandrels is integral with the tensioning means and the other of the mandrels is a collapsible mandrel disposed circumferentially relative to the tensioning means. 50. The tensioning means comprises a shape memory alloy, and contraction of the tensioning means corresponding to the transition of the shape memory alloy from a martensitic state to an austenitic state forces the holding means and the expansion means toward each other. Fourth
Assembly according to item 5. 51. The assembly of paragraph 50 above, wherein the transition occurs at room temperature. 52, said tensioning means having an enlarged cross-sectional portion proximate one of said inflation means, said enlarged cross-sectional portion being resistant to failure while forcing said retaining means and said inflation means each toward one another; 51. The assembly of claim 50, wherein the assembly abuts the end of the pipe. 53, further comprising a ferrule disposed circumferentially relative to one of the inflation means, the ferrule fitting into the distal end of the sleeve while forcing the inflation means toward each other and causing inflation of the sleeve; 46. The assembly of claim 45, wherein the assembly has a stepped outer diameter so as to expand outwardly in series. 54, further comprising two retention means disposed peripherally to the tensioning means and distally to the inflation means, one of the retention means being adapted to engage the inflation end of the sleeve; 54. The assembly of claim 53, wherein the assembly is expanded outwardly, the other of the retaining means being expanded outwardly to engage the expansion ferrule. 55, a repair sleeve assembly for repairing a damaged pipe, comprising a tensioning means having a conical mandrel at one end and an opposing end, a collapsible mandrel and an annular repair sleeve, the repair sleeve assembly comprising a first position, the clubcable mandrels are disposed circumferentially relative to the tensioning means and proximate opposite ends of the tensioning means, and the repair sleeve assembly is arranged such that at least 11 minutes of each of the mandrels are disposed in the second position. the tensioning means is retained within the sleeve so as to protrude outside the sleeve, and the repair sleeve assembly is broken such that in the third position, at least a portion of the collapsible mandrel remains outside the broken pipe. inserted into the pipe, the repair sleeve assembly is configured such that in a fourth position, the mandrel is forced inside the sleeve while simultaneously expanding the distal end of the sleeve outwardly to engage the damaged pipe. retracting the collapsible mandrel toward the tensioning means without applying any mechanical means, the repair sleeve assembly disengaging the tensioning means from the assembly in the fifth position; 56, the tensioning means having an enlarged cross-sectional portion proximate and distal to the collapsible mandrel;
56. The assembly of claim 55, wherein the face portion abuts the end of the broken pipe during contraction of the mandrel. 57. The method of claim 55, wherein the contraction of the mandrel is caused by axial contraction of the tensioning means corresponding to a metallic phase transition of the tensioning means from a martensitic state to an austenitic state, the transition occurring at room temperature. assembly. 58. Change the ferrule placed around the center of the mandrel? 35, wherein the ferrule has a stepped outer diameter configuration such that the ferrule fits into the distal end of the sleeve during contraction of the mandrel and expands outwardly in conjunction with expansion of the sleeve. Assembly as described. 59, further comprising two expansion retention rings disposed circumferentially relative to the tensioning means and distal to each of the mandrels, the rings expanding until restrained by the expansion ends of the sleeves; 56. The assembly according to item 55 above. 60. The assembly of claim 55, wherein said sleeve has sealing means proximate said sleeve distal end. 61. The assembly of claim 60, wherein the sealing means comprises circumferentially extending teeth. 62, a repair sleeve assembly for repairing a damaged pipe, comprising a tensioning means having a conical mandrel at one end and an opposite end, a collapsible mandrel, two expansion retaining rings and an annular repair sleeve; The repair sleeve assembly, in a first position, positions the collapsible mandrel circumferentially relative to the tensioning means and proximate an opposite end of the tensioning means, and positions the retaining ring circumferentially relative to the tensioning means. the repair sleeve assembly is disposed distally relative to the mandrel in a second position, and the repair sleeve assembly is disposed distally relative to the mandrel in a second position such that at least a portion of each of the plate retaining ring and the mandrel protrudes to the exterior of the sleeve. retaining means within the sleeve, the repair sleeve assembly comprising:
In a third position, the repair sleeve is inserted into a broken pipe such that one of the retaining rings and at least a portion of the collapsible mandrel remains external to the broken pipe; retracting the collapsible mandrel toward the tensioning means so as to be forced inwardly of the sleeve and simultaneously expand opposing ends of the sleeve outwardly to engage the broken pipe; in the sixth position, the retaining ring is expanded outwardly into engagement with the expanded end of the sleeve; and in the sixth position, the repair sleeve assembly disengages the tensioning means from the assembly. 63, wherein the tensioning means has an enlarged cross-section portion proximate and distal to the collapsible mandrel, the enlarged cross-section portion impinging upon the end of the broken pipe during contraction of the mandrel; Assembly according to clause 62. 64, wherein the tensioning means comprises a shape memory alloy, the contraction of each retaining ring and mandrel is caused by axial contraction of the tensioning means corresponding to a metallic phase transition of the tensioning means from a martensitic state to an austenitic state; 63. An assembly according to clause 62, wherein the transition occurs at room temperature. 65, further comprising a ferrule disposed about a central portion of the mandrel, the ferrule engaging the distal end of the sleeve during deflation of the retaining ring and mandrel and associated with expansion of the sleeve; 65. The assembly of claim 64, having a stepped outer diameter shape suitable for fitting into a sleeve so as to expand outwardly. 66. The assembly of claim 65, wherein at least one of the retaining rings comprises a shape memory alloy that transitions from a martensitic state to an austenitic state at room temperature. 67. The assembly of claim 62, wherein the sleeve includes sealing means proximate the distal end of the sleeve. 68. The assembly of claim 67, wherein the sealing means comprises circumferentially extending teeth. 69, a repair sleeve assembly for repairing a damaged pipe, comprising: a conical mandrel at one end and a tensioning means having an opposite end; a conical collapsible mandrel and an annular repair sleeve; in one position, the collapsible mandrel is disposed circumferentially relative to the tensioning means and proximate opposite ends of the tensioning means, and in a second position, the repair sleeve assembly disposes at least a portion of each mandrel. retaining the tensioning means within the sleeve such that the tensioning means protrudes outside the sleeve; and the repair sleeve assembly is configured such that in the third position, at least a portion of the collapsible mandrel remains outside the broken pipe. The repair sleeve assembly is inserted into the damaged lower sleeve, and in a fourth position, the mandrel is forced inside the sleeve to expand one end of the sleeve outwardly and then the other end of the sleeve to expand the repair sleeve assembly outwardly. an assembly for collapsing a collapsible mandrel relative to a tensioning means to engage a pipe; the repair sleeve assembly disengaging the tensioning means from the assembly in a fifth position; 70. The tensioning means has an enlarged cross-sectional portion proximate to the collapsible mandrel and near its distal end, the enlarged cross-sectional portion impinging on the end of the broken pipe during contraction of the mandrel. An assembly according to paragraph 69 above. 71, the tensioning means comprises a shape memory alloy, the contraction of the mandrel is caused by axial contraction of the tensioning means corresponding to a metallic phase transition of the tensioning means from a martensitic state to an austenitic state; The sixth above occurs at room temperature.
Assembly according to item 9. 72, further comprising a ferrule disposed about the central portion of the mandrel, the ferrule fitting into the distal end of the sleeve during contraction of the mandrel and extruding in conjunction with expansion of the sleeve; 72. An assembly according to claim 71, having a stepped outer diameter shape suitable for fitting into a sleeve so as to expand in a direction. 73 further comprising two expansion retention rings disposed circumferentially relative to the tensioning means and distal to each of the mandrels, one of the rings retaining the expansion until restrained by the expansion end of the sleeve. 73. The assembly of claim 72, wherein: the other ring expands until it is restrained by an expansion ferrule. 74. The assembly of claim 69, wherein the sleeve has sealing means proximate the sleeve distal end. 75. The assembly of claim 74, wherein the sealing means comprises circumferentially extending teeth. 76, assembling a repair device assembly comprising a tensioning means having an inflation means at each end and a repair sleeve, the tensioning means being retained within the sleeve such that at least a portion of the inflation means projects outside the sleeve; , inserting the repair device assembly into the damaged pipe, deflating the expansion means, engaging the expansion means with the distal end of the sleeve, fully expanding one end of the sleeve outwardly to engage the damaged pipe, and then removing the rest of the sleeve. A method of repairing a damaged pipe comprising fully expanding the end outwardly to engage the damaged pipe and removing the tensioning means. 77, the step of removing the tensioning means removes at least one of the expansion means;
78. The method of claim 77, further comprising removing one or more of the following. 78, comprising a tensioning means consisting of a shape memory platform having an inflation means at each end and a repair sleeve, the tensioning means being retained within the sleeve such that at least a portion of the inflation means projects outside the sleeve; providing a repair device assembly, inserting the repair device assembly into the damaged pipe, warming the repair device assembly, deflating the expansion means without external mechanical means, and engaging the expansion means with the sleeve end; , a method for repairing a damaged pipe comprising fully expanding the distal end of the sleeve outwardly to engage the damaged pipe and removing the tensioning means. 79. The method of claim 78, wherein the warming step comprises exposing the repair device assembly to a temperature above room temperature. 80. The method of claim 78, comprising cooling the repair device assembly with a cryogen immediately before inserting the repair device assembly into the damaged pipe. 81. The method of claim 80, wherein the warming step comprises exposing the repair device assembly to a temperature above room temperature. 82. The method of claim 78, wherein the step of expanding the distal end of the sleeve comprises fully expanding one end of the sleeve and then fully expanding the other end of the sleeve. 83, the repair device further comprising two inflation retention rings disposed circumferentially with respect to the tensioning means and distal to the inflation means, the method comprising: attaching the retention rings to the inflation end of the sleeve; 79. The method of claim 78, further comprising: disposing adjacent the ring, and subsequently securing the expanded end of the sleeve in the fully expanded position by expansion of the retaining ring. 84. The method of claim 83, wherein at least one of the retaining rings is comprised of a shape memory alloy and the ring expanding step comprises exposing the ring to room temperature. 85, the repair device further comprising two inflation retention rings disposed circumferentially with respect to the tensioning means and distal to the inflation means, the method comprising: attaching the retention rings to the inflation end of the sleeve; 81. The method of claim 80, further comprising: disposing adjacent the ring, and subsequently securing the expanded end of the sleeve in the fully expanded position by expansion of the retaining ring. 86. The method of claim 85, wherein at least one of the retaining rings comprises a shape memory alloy, and the step of expanding the ring comprises exposing the ring to room temperature. 79. The method of claim 78, further comprising one removal. 88, a tensioning means having an inflation means at each end, two inflation retaining rings and a repair sleeve disposed circumferentially relative to the tensioning means and distal to the inflation means, the tensioning means comprising: assembles a repair device assembly retained within the sleeve such that at least a portion of the retaining ring and the inflation means protrude outside the sleeve, inserting the repair device assembly into the damaged pipe, and inflating the inflation means and the retaining ring, respectively. expanding the distal end of the sleeve outwardly to engage the broken pipe, positioning a retaining ring adjacent the distal end of the sleeve, inflating the retaining ring, and subsequently expanding the retaining ring to cause the distal end of the sleeve to engage the distal end of the sleeve. A method of repairing a damaged pipe comprising fixing the pipe in a fully expanded position and removing the tensioning means. 89. The method of claim 88, wherein at least one of the retaining rings is comprised of a shape memory alloy and the ring expanding step comprises exposing the ring to a temperature above room temperature. 90. The method of claim 88, wherein at least one of the retaining rings is comprised of a shape memory alloy and the ring expanding step comprises exposing the ring to room temperature. 91. The method of claim 88, wherein the step of expanding the sleeve end comprises fully expanding one end of the sleeve and then fully expanding the other end of the sleeve. 92. The method of paragraph 88, wherein the step of removing the tensioning means also includes removing at least one of the expansion means.