JPS6017660A - Hot-water supplier - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To reduce the temperature difference and the pressure difference of a heat medium to suppress the gasifying of the heat medium by arranging individual heat medium systems for every hydrogenated metals having different equilibrium pressures. CONSTITUTION:Hydrogen in the vessels 1, 3 of hydrogenated metals move reversively through a hydrogen moving pipe 9. A fan 21 is operated only when the hydrogen moves from the high-pressure side hydrogenated metal 4 to the low- pressure side hydrogenated metal 2 and a temperature reduction due to the heat absorbing effect of the hydrogenated metal 4 is supperssed. Heat exchangers 17, 18 provided in a hot-water reserving tank 7, heat introduced city water alternately. The city water, heated alternately by two kinds of hydrogenated metals and changed to the hot-water, is reserved into a hot-water reserving tank 7 by two series independent heat medium transmitting systems and is supplied from a hot-water supplying port 20 to the outside when it is necessitated.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] Industrial Application Field The present invention relates to a water heater that utilizes the heat exchange caused by the reversible bonding and dissociation of metal hydrides and hydrogen gas, and is used not only for hot water supply but also for home heating. Alternatively, it can be used in a wide range of fields that use heat, such as industrial use.

2. Description of the Related Art Conventional configurations and their problems Conventionally, various types of water heaters that use electricity, gas, oil, etc. as fuel have been widely put into practical use. For example, a boiler for hot water supply and a heating boiler with a temperature of about 75℃.

They are developed for various uses and fuels, such as boilers for power generation. These are relatively cheap and convenient, but
With the era of high fuel prices, there will be an increasing demand for improved thermal efficiency. However, for example, only about 90% of the heat given by combustion etc. can be used as effective heat, and with the prior art, it was impossible to use more than 100%.

On the other hand, recently, heat pump technologies such as electric compression type and absorption type have been increasingly used. If these are used, heat can be pumped up from a relatively low-temperature heat source such as outside air heat or geothermal heat, and converted into relatively high-temperature heat (by doing so, it is possible to increase the utilization value of C1 and increase the effective heat h1). So, the above efficiency is 100φ or more, which is 4, which is possible.
As shown above, f(%, dynamic compression entry -\/ennon compression heat pump, 1./, -, Q) Continuous absorption heat pumps circulate the heat medium and absorption liquid, so the pump and control device are It is complicated and expensive, and the compression type still has the disadvantage of being noisy.

Therefore, in order to improve the above-mentioned drawbacks, the present inventors developed a heat pump using a metal hydride, which has a relatively simple structure, can obtain an effective amount of heat greater than the amount of added heat, and is energy-saving. is suggesting.

However, in this conventional device, the heat transfer heat medium system that uses the reaction heat of the metal hydride for hot water supply is common for the low-pressure side metal hydride and the high-pressure side metal hydride. Generally, the water used for hot water supply is used as such.
child. The low-pressure heat medium heated at this high temperature (for example, C1, 180°C) = 1 becomes high-grade water vapor, and is at high pressure, so
In addition to the risk of mechanical shock and high-pressure breakdown, the heat exchange efficiency was also low.
Since the low-pressure side and high-pressure side are selected, not only the difference in outlet temperature causes turbulence and significant pulsation, but also many malfunctions of the valve P are caused. pressure y71. A separate heat transfer path is provided for each metal hydride.
Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems of heat pump type water heaters using metal hydrides, and to provide a water heater that is safe, has a long life, and has high heat utilization efficiency.

Structure of the Invention The present invention utilizes the reaction heat accompanying the hydrogen absorption and release reaction of two or more metal hydrides having different moschiometric pressures.
It is a water heater that is equipped with a mechanism with high heat conduction efficiency, has reasonable specifications for each part such as piping and valves, is safe, has a long life, and has a high hot water supply capacity with a single unit. The result of the peak,
The hot water supply temperature in a conventional heat pump is 60'C/this v=ru.

The temperature is as high as about 76℃, and it can be used in a wide range of fields.3. Give an example of its action, for example: ・Kusu no +'; When combustion is interrupted, the heat of hydrogen absorption of the metal hydride on the heating side and its heat are used. Therefore, heating is performed intermittently. However, the resulting hot water supply is continuous at approximately 75°C, making it possible to significantly reduce the amount of fuel used. A 1-meter cross-section schematic diagram of an example of a water heater using a hydride is shown. In the figure, 1 is a T10 metal hydride as the low-pressure side metal hydride 2.
．． 3 + ZrO, 7+”1.210r0.61 co
It is a metal hydride container containing approximately 1.8 to 9 o, 2,
3 is the high pressure side metal hydride (M2R) 4 and LCT lo
, e, Z ro, 4. Mn1.2Cr o
,4. It is a metal hydride container containing 1) COo, 2 to about 3.8. Heat exchangers 12 and 13 are disposed inside these containers 1 and 2, respectively. Water 15 as a low-temperature heat medium flows through each. The flow path of the silicone oil 14 is intermittently switched between the -C1 heating tank θ side and the hot water storage tank 7 side by means of the three-way switching valves 8 and 8'. The heating tank 6 uses city gas 16 as a heat source, and is intermittently or continuously heated to about 180° by oil 6 (! , the metal hydride 2 on the low pressure side is intermittently heated. 10 and 11 are both heat medium circulation pumps, and the pump 1o is the heating tank 6 or the hot water storage tank 7.
・＼Pump 11 to transport the heat medium←1 Only when the high-pressure metal hydride is undergoing an exothermic reaction, the hot water storage tank T＼transports the heat medium. The hydrogen in the metal hydride containers 1 and 3 is reversibly transferred through the hydrogen transfer tube 9 in response to the temperature of the metal hydride on the low pressure side. The fan 21 operates with force when hydrogen moves from the high-pressure metal hydride 4 to the low-pressure metal hydride 2, and due to the endothermic effect of the hydride 4, the fan 21 [low degree] ζ is suppressed.- The run 22,2 is a porous filter, which prevents the metal hydride powder from being washed away.

Both 17 and 18 are heat exchangers installed in the hot water tank 7 and serve to alternately heat the water that enters from the city water inlet 19. The municipal drainage introduced in this way is mainly 2
Heated alternately to approximately 75°C with different metal hydrides.
The hot water is transported by two independent heat transfer systems, stored in the hot water storage tank 7, and supplied to the hot water supply port 2o when necessary.
is supplied to the outside.

FIG. 2 is a hydrogen pressure-temperature diagram showing the operating state of the metal hydride of the example shown in FIG.
It shows a reaction in which heat at 0°C is supplied and hot water at about 75°C is continuously obtained from the metal hydride on the low pressure side (MlH) and the metal hydride on the high pressure side (M2R).

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the operation mode of each part of this embodiment. The combustion of the gas burner is approximately 30 seconds apart, and as a result of investigating how many degrees of water at 20°C rises to the top during continuous hot water supply at a rate of 18 ol/h, we found that the low-pressure metal hydride side and the high-pressure metal hydride side as shown in the figure. By switching alternately between the
Hot water of approximately 75°C was obtained continuously.

The heat exchanger 17 supplies heat of up to about 75°C, and the heat exchanger 18 supplies heat of up to 180°C.
If a hot water storage tank is provided as shown in FIG. 1, this temperature difference will not be a practical problem.

As shown in the examples, the present invention employs separate heat medium transmission lines for the low-pressure side metal hydride and the high-pressure side metal hydride. The temperature of the body of the water does not rise or fall, nor does the water boil into high-pressure, high-temperature water vapor. Also,
Temperature changes in the heat medium circulation pump, piping, three-way switching valve, etc. are also significantly smaller than in the past.
Characteristics have significantly improved in terms of safety and reliability.

In a performance comparison when this water heater was repeatedly used for approximately 1000 hours, the present invention was able to achieve a longer service life with almost no failures in the heat medium transfer path and no decrease in hot water supply capacity. Some malfunctions occurred, such as heating medium leaking or pumps not working. The ratio of the amount of heat that can be used for hot water supply to the total amount of heat generated from the combusted city gas (c
op) was approximately 1.3, an improvement of approximately 10% over the conventional device, and energy savings were achieved.

In the above example, the metal hydride of the low pressure side and the high pressure side were placed in one container, respectively, but it was operated with 2 spindles on the low pressure side and 2 types on the high pressure side, totaling 4. Alternatively, a third type of metal hydride having an intermediate hydrogen pressure is used, and the low pressure side and the intermediate pressure side, and the intermediate pressure side and the high pressure side are operated in the same manner as the above two types, and a combination of these metal hydrogen Naturally, chemical heat pump type water heaters are also highly effective as a development of the present invention. In fact, it is also possible to use hot water heated in a hot water tank directly or indirectly to heat the room.

Effects of the Invention As described in Section 2, the present invention provides the following effects for each individual metal hydride:
Since a separate and independent heat medium transport system is provided and the optimum heat medium depending on the temperature can be used, the difference in the temperature of the heat medium and the pressure difference are small, and gasification of the heat medium does not occur. Therefore, (1) there are fewer failures in the parts that make up the device;
The system has a long lifespan.

■ Highly safe.

(3) High heat transfer efficiency and high hot water supply capacity.

(4) Large coefficient of performance

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of one embodiment of the water heater of the present invention. It is an operation mode diagram of each part of the example of Fig. 1. 2...Low pressure (l) 11 Metal hydride, 4...
・High pressure side metal hydride, 6... Heating tank, 7...
...Hot water tank, 12゜13.17,18...Heat exchanger, 14...Water as a heat medium for low temperature, 15...
...Silicone oil as a heat medium for high temperatures. Name of agent: Patent attorney Toshio Nakao and 1 other person 2nd
Figure 11 - Temperature J'OOy (K) - Figure 3

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) A container containing a metal hydride and having different hydrogen equilibrium pressures, a means for interconnecting the containers, a means for intermittently heating the metal hydride on the low equilibrium pressure side, a hot water storage tank, and the container. and a heat medium circuit for thermally coupling between the metal hydride and the hot water storage tank, and separate heat medium circuits are provided between the metal hydride on the low pressure side and the hot water storage tank and between the metal hydride on the high equilibrium pressure side and the hot water storage tank. water heater. (2) Claim 1, characterized in that the heat carriers flowing through mutually independent heat carrier paths are made of different materials.
Water heater as described in section. (3) Water heater 0 according to claim 2, characterized in that the heat medium flowing in the heat medium system path for the high-pressure metal hydride is water.