JPS60145153A - Hollow yarn type artificial lung - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a hollow fiber oxygenator, and in particular, oxygen or a mixed gas containing oxygen (hereinafter simply referred to as gas) flows out radially from a diffuser tube, and is connected to a hollow fiber in a multilayered manner across the hollow fiber. This relates to a hollow fiber oxygenator that is dispersed in the air.

Bubble-type oxygenators have traditionally been used in open-heart surgery, but in recent years, membrane-type, coil-type, and hollow-fiber type oxygenators have been used.
Type oxygenator destroys blood cells and generates microthrombus.

Its use is increasing because it has fewer adverse effects on blood, such as protein denaturation.

Generally, the hollow fibers used in this hollow fiber oxygenator include homogeneous gas permeable membrane hollow fibers made of /recon resin, microporous membrane hollow fibers made of polyolefin resin, etc. Even when used, the performance varies significantly depending on the structure of the oxygenator module.

As an artificial lung known so far, a hollow fiber type oxygenator in which a housing is simply filled with hollow fibers having the above-mentioned waste exchange ability is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 54-1fiO,098. . This is, for example, 2 il of hollow fibers such as silicone, polypropylene, etc. - 5,000 to 40,000
It has a structure in which approximately 0 vLs are focused in the housing and fixed with a sealing resin at both ends.The gas is introduced into the housing from the gas boat on the inlet side of the housing, and the gas and the hollow fibers are introduced through the membrane of the hollow fiber. Gas is exchanged with the blood flowing inside the thread, and then the gas is discharged from the gas port on the gas outlet side. In this case, the inlet side and outlet side cassboards are installed at the upper and lower ends of the housing, respectively, and are configured so that the gas flows along the longitudinal direction of the hollow fiber bundle and the blood flows in the opposite direction to the gas flow. is common.

In this conventional hollow fiber oxygenator, when the entire gas of the hollow fiber bundle inside the housing passes through, the hollow fiber bundle acts as a resistance, so most of the gas tends to flow only around the housing. Therefore, there was a drawback that the hollow fiber in the center of the housing was not fully utilized for waste exchange.

As a proposal to solve this drawback, for example, the one disclosed in the Bulletin of the American Society for Artificial Organs, Vol. 17 (published in 1971), page 331, has the structure shown in FIG. This is a hollow fiber oxygenator in which an inlet side gas port 14 is installed inside the outflow side blood boat. Disadvantages of this oxygenator: Since there is an inlet side gas port and an outflow side blood boat at one end, the blood flow becomes congested at the outflow side blood boat, which may cause clotting due to long-term use, and the inlet side gas port If the port and diffuser tube are integrated, it is extremely difficult to assemble this device.To avoid this, for example, the inlet side gas port and the diffuser tube are separated and the hollow fiber bundle is fully loaded. However, even if the two are then connected via a metal intervening ring or the like, it is difficult to achieve an airtight seal, and there is a risk of gas leaking into the blood.

Fig. 2 shows a hollow fiber oxygenator in which an inlet gas port is installed in the longitudinal center of the housing and is connected to the aeration pipe through a gas introduction pipe, and Fig. 3 shows the inlet side of this oxygenator. It is a figure which shows the filling state of the hollow fiber of a gas introduction pipe part.

In this oxygenator, the above-mentioned drawbacks are solved, but it is clear in Figure 3 that the arrangement of the hollow fibers 12 near the sea urchin gas inlet tube is disturbed, creating a sparse space 18 in which no ventricular fibers are present. There is a risk that a short circuit and outflow of gas may occur through this space. In addition, local bending of the hollow fibers in this portion causes fluctuations in the flow resistance of blood flowing through the hollow fibers, which is also undesirable as it causes uneven blood distribution noise.

Therefore, the object of the present invention is, first, to have a uniform dispersion of scum throughout the hollow fiber 1, and to have a high scum exchange ability without condensation of blood paper between the membranes in the case of microporous hollow fibers. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a hollow fiber type artificial lung with excellent carbon dioxide evacuation ability.

Second, the blood flow in the blood boat portion is smoothed to form a uniform blood flow throughout the hollow fiber, thereby providing a hollow fiber oxygenator without blood damage. That is, according to one aspect of the present invention, a blood inlet boat and a blood outflow boat are provided on both end faces, and a mixed gas containing oxygen or similar oxygen (hereinafter collectively referred to as gas) is provided on the side wall.
a cylindrical housing with an inlet port and an outlet port for the housing, and a tubular aeration tube with a number of waste outlet holes disposed therein coaxially with the central axis of the housing; In a hollow fiber oxygenator in which a housing circle on the outer periphery of the diffuser tube is filled and arranged with a middle fiber bundle, the hollow fiber bundle is arranged on the outer peripheral wall of the diffuser tube on the inlet boat side along its longitudinal axis. A hollow fiber oxygenator characterized in that a plate member is fixedly installed to partition the air diffuser, and the plate member is further provided with a gas introduction hole for communicating between the inlet boat and the inside of the diffuser tube. provided.

Furthermore, according to another aspect of the present invention, in addition to the above-mentioned configuration, a tubular cylinder @=4 provided with a large number of gas outlet holes is provided in the middle of the housing, coaxially surrounding the air diffuser, and completely surrounding the air diffuser.
This creates a pressure equalizing chamber in which no hollow fiber bundle exists between the inner circumferential wall of the housing and the outer circumferential wall of the cylinder. f: A hollow fiber oxygenator is provided.

In this oxygenator, the gas that flows in from the inlet side gas port flows through the gas introduction hole, and flows out radially in the cross section of the housing from the outflow hole of the diffuser tube, forming a uniform gas flow while passing through the hollow fiber layer. It is dispersed across the traverse, flows into the pressure equalization chamber, and is discharged from the outlet side gas port.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in more detail based on the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the hollow fiber type oxygenator according to the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line 1-1 of the oxygenator shown in FIG. At both ends of this artificial lung, inlet and outlet blood ports 4 and 7 each having a blood inlet tube 2, a distribution chamber 3, an outflow tube 5, and a collection chamber 6 are attached. Venous blood taken out from the human body passes through an introduction tube 2, a distribution chamber 3, and a hollow fiber 1.
2, is activated by gas exchange, is taken out from the outflow tube 5 through the collecting chamber 6, and is returned to the human body as arterial blood.

This artificial lung is provided with a cylindrical housing 1' forming a chamber, and in the chamber μ coaxially with the center axis of the housing 1,
A diffuser pipe 8 having a plurality of gas outflow holes 9 is installed. Both ends of the diffuser tube 80 are fixed with a sealing resin 13, and the gas outflow holes 9 are arranged at regular intervals in the circumferential and longitudinal directions of the diffuser tube 8 to ensure uniform gas flow to the hollow fibers. Fully guaranteed distribution. The interior of the diffuser pipe 8 forms an introduction gas flow path 10 .

Gas flows in from the inlet side gas port 14 provided on the central side wall surface of the housing 1, enters the diffuser pipe 8 through the gas introduction hole 19 provided in the plate member 20, which will be described later, and passes through the gas outlet hole 9 to radially flow out. After flowing out into the air diffuser pipe and dispersing it into 12 hollow fiber bundles packed and arranged around the diffuser tube, and performing gas exchange with the blood flow, Outlet side gas bow provided on the side wall) 5.16 flows out of the system.

A plate member 20 is joined along the longitudinal axis to the outer circumferential wall of the diffuser pipe 8 on the inlet side gas port 14 side, and divides the filled hollow fiber bundle 121c within the housing.

The gas introduction hole 19 is provided in the plate member 20 as described above, and the inlet side gas port 14 and the inside of the aeration pipe 8 are communicated with each other. Therefore, its thickness needs to be larger than the diameter of the gas introduction hole 19, and its axial length needs to be larger than the diameter of the gas introduction hole 19.
It is made substantially the same as that of . Therefore, the hollow fiber bundles 12 filled around the outer periphery of the diffuser tube can be arranged linearly along this plate member 20, and the drawback of being bent by the gas introduction tube as in the prior art is eliminated.

This plate member 20 may be installed so that the inside thereof is completely partitioned from the outer circumferential wall of the air diffuser pipe 8 by the circumferential wall of the housing 1, but it is preferable that the plate member 20 is installed in the embodiment shown in FIGS. As can be seen, it may be limited to the inner circumferential wall 1 of the cylindrical body 21, which will be described later.In addition, in FIG.
4, one gas introduction hole 19 is provided directly below it, but the number of nucleations is not limited to this, and it may be branched into a plurality of holes to evenly divide the gas.

By installing the plate member 20 having the gas introduction holes 19 in this manner, the formation of a space within the hollow fiber bundle and local bending of the hollow fibers as shown in FIG. 3 can be avoided, and the conventional It will be possible to greatly improve the shortcomings of the artificial lung.

Further, as best shown in FIG. 5, the artificial lung of the present invention has a cylindrical body 2 inside the housing 1 concentrically with the housing 1 at a certain distance from the inner wall of the housing 1.
1 to form the pressure equalizing chamber 23. This cylindrical body 21 covers the entire inner wall of the housing 1 in the circumferential direction, a part of which is joined to the plate member 20, and its length is substantially the same as the length of the inner space of the housing 1.

The cylindrical body 21 defining the pressure equalizing chamber 23 has a large number of exhaust gas inflow holes 22, some of them L7, and the gas after gas exchange crosses the hollow fiber 12 as shown by the arrow in FIG. The exhaust gas forms a multilayer gas flow, flows from the exhaust gas inlet 22 to the pressure equalization chamber 23, and is discharged from the outlet side gas boat 15, 16 provided in the housing 1. Exhaust gas inflow hole 22I
f's, a large number of small holes are arranged at constant intervals t in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical body 21 and have a diameter of 1 m+e to 10 cylinders, and may be slit-shaped or oval-shaped.

The cylindrical body 21 is attached to the housing 1 via a support ring 24 having gas flow holes 25, and both ends thereof are embedded in the sealing resin 13.

By configuring 23 pressure equalization chambers in this construction, 8 air diffusers
It is possible to uniformly contact all the components of the hollow fibers 12 while creating a large number of flows that flow approximately linearly through the inner space of the 12 bundles of hollow fibers to the gas flowing out more radially. It is.

Of course, the pressure equalization chamber 23 may not be provided due to cost and other reasons. However, even in this case, it goes without saying that its performance is better than that of a conventional oxygenator [7].

As is clear from the above explanation, the present invention is based on gas introduction holes. Board member with? By providing this, local bending of the hollow fibers is eliminated and blood can be distributed evenly to the hollow fibers, while short-circuiting and outflow of gas due to the formation of spaces is prevented, and efficiency is maintained throughout the hollow fibers. Does it cumulatively emit carbon dioxide gas? possible. In addition, since the structure of the blood boat on the inlet side and the outflow side is simple, there is no risk of blood leakage to the gas side, blood coagulation, etc., and therefore, it is possible to provide a stable λ oxygenator that can withstand long-term use. It makes it possible.

Furthermore, a pressure equalization chamber may be formed on the inner wall of the housing.
It promotes the formation of a cross-sectional, multilayered gas flow for the hollow fiber bundle.12 It completely prevents the deterioration of gas exchange ability due to condensation of blood vapor on the membrane surface, and also improves the performance, especially the ability to remove carbon dioxide. It will be possible to provide artificial lungs.

Father, if the artificial lung mentioned above is suitable in terms of module workability, it is highly practical.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a conventional artificial lung in which a diffuser tube is installed and an inlet gas port is installed in an outflow blood boat. FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a conventional artificial lung in which all the gas ports on the inlet side are installed in the longitudinal center of the diffuser tube. FIG. 3 is a partially cutaway side view of the artificial lung shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the artificial lung according to the present invention. Figure 5 is for you!
4 (This is a sectional view taken along the side line 1-1. ■...Housing, 2...Introduction pipe, 3
......Distribution chamber, 4...Introduction side blood boat,
5...Outflow pipe, 6...Collection room, 7...
... Outflow side blood boat, 8 ... Diffuser pipe, 9
......Gas outflow hole, 10...Introduction gas flow path, 11...0 ring, 12...Hollow body, 13...Sealing resin, 14...Inlet side gas boat, 15, 1.6...Outlet side gas port, 17...Gas introduction pipe, 1B...
...Space part, 19... Gas introduction hole, 20...
... Plate member, 21 ... Cylindrical body, 22 ...
・・Exhaust gas inflow hole, 23・・・・Pressure equalization chamber, 24・
...Support ring, 25...Gas distribution hole. Patent applicant Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. Patent agent Akira Aoki Kazuyuki Nishidate Patent attorney Akira Yamaguchi Patent attorney Masaya Nishiyama

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A blood introduction boat (4) and a blood outflow boat (4) on both end faces.
7) And? an inlet boat (14) and an outlet boat (15) for oxygen or a mixed gas containing oxygen, respectively, on the side walls;
, 16) and a cylindrical housing (1) with metal fittings, and a tubular air diffuser '1i (81k
a housing fil around the outer periphery of the air diffuser pipe (8);
In a hollow fiber oxygenator in which hollow fiber bundles are packed and arranged, the diffuser pipe (8) on the inlet boat (14) side.
A plate member (20) is fixed to the outer circumferential wall of the hollow fiber bundle along its longitudinal axis, and the plate member (20) is fixed to the outer peripheral wall of the hollow fiber bundle.
) is provided with a gas introduction hole (19) that communicates the inlet boat (14) with the inside of the diffuser tube (8). 2 Blood introduction boat (4) and blood outflow boat (
7) and an inlet bow (14) and an outlet bow) (14) for oxygen or a mixed gas containing oxygen on the side walls, respectively.
a cylindrical housing (1) comprising a cylindrical housing (1) and a cylindrical aeration tube (8) having a large number of gas outlet holes arranged therein coaxially with the central axis of the housing (1); In the hollow fiber oxygenator, the air diffuser tube (14) on the inlet port (14) side is provided with hollow fiber bundles packed and arranged in the housing (1) circle on the outer periphery of the air diffuser tube (8). 8)
A plate member (20) is fixed to the outer peripheral wall of the hollow fiber bundle along its longitudinal axis to divide the hollow fiber bundle, and the plate member (20)
) is provided with a gas introduction hole (19) that communicates with the inlet port (14) and the interior of the air diffuser pipe (8), and furthermore, the air diffuser pipe (14) is provided in the I/Using (1). (8
), coaxially surrounding the entire cylinder (21), provided with a tubular cylinder (21) equipped with a large number of gas outlet holes, thereby preventing the presence of a hollow fiber bundle between the inner circumferential wall of the housing and the outer circumferential wall of the cylinder (21). A hollow fiber oxygenator characterized by having a complete pressure equalization chamber.