JPS60133002A - Preparation of pectin - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain pectin useful for jam, etc. efficiently, by blending an extracted solution of pectin with a pressing auxiliary, so that an insoluble component is hardened, pressing is made easy, a channel of pressed solution is kept, and clogging of screen is prevented. CONSTITUTION:An extracted solution obtained from a pectin-containing plant such as lemon, lime, apple, etc. or an insoluble component separated from the extracted solution is blended with >=20pts.wt. pressing auxiliary based on 100 pts.wt. insoluble component, pressed, and the insoluble component is separated to give pectin. Cellulose, sawdust, rice hulls, etc. are used as the pressing auxiliary, and especially effective for hardening the insoluble residue. Diatomaceous earth, perlite, etc. are effective for preventing clogging of screen.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention relates to a method for producing pectin.

Pectin is a colloidal cell wall polysaccharide that is widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom as a substance that helps fill spaces between cells and support tissues, and is mainly composed of α-1,4 bonds of D-galacturonic acid. It contains various proportions of neutral sugars such as arabinose, galactose, and rhamnose.

In particular, the peels of citrus fruits such as lemons, limes, oranges, and grapefruits, as well as apples, contain a considerable amount of high-quality pectin, and in Western countries, pectin is manufactured using these as raw materials. The carboxyl group of D-galacturonic acid in pectin molecules is partially methyl esterified, and those with a methoxylation degree of 50% or more are high methoxyl (HM) pectin, and those with a methoxylation degree of less than 50% are low methoxyl (LM) pectin. It is classified as Each of these has different gelation mechanisms and gelation conditions, but pectin forms a stable gel in a low pH system and acts like a protective colloid in a low pH system. It is widely used in the food industry as jam, marmalade, jelly sweets, fruit juice drinks, yogurt, etc.

A general method for producing pectin from citrus peel etc. is as follows. The fruit and peel are washed several times with cold and/or hot water to remove water-soluble substances such as sugar, organic acids, and pigments in the peel, and then pectin is extracted by heating with an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid. Undissolved components are separated from this extract by centrifugation, compression, etc., and a filtration aid such as diatomaceous earth is added to the separated solution for clarifying and filtration. The obtained filtrate was concentrated to methanol,
A water-miscible organic solvent such as Improvil alcohol or acetone is added, or a salt of a metal such as aluminum, copper, or iron is added to precipitate pectin as the metal salt, and the pectin is recovered by dehydration. When using the metal salt method, it is necessary to wash the precipitate with acidic alcohol or the like to remove metal components and solubilize them. In either case, dry the pectin precipitate;
Grind into powdered pectin.

The biggest problem with such general pectin production methods is the low extraction concentration of pectin. The proportion of pectin contained in the dried pectin raw material pericarp varies depending on the type of raw material, production area, harvest time, etc.
It is said to be about ~20%, and when extraction is performed, the undissolved residual portion is overwhelmingly larger than the pectin portion. For example, when centrifugation is used as a method for separating undissolved residuals, the concentration of the separated residual solids is low, so the higher the concentration of the extract, the lower the yield of the separated liquid.

For example, if the degree of extraction liquid is 1%, the yield of the separated liquid is 7.
While it is about 5%, when the concentration is about 1.5%, the yield of the separated liquid decreases to about 50%, which rather brings about disadvantageous results. When separating the residual solids by the squeezing method, the undissolved matter is extremely soft, so it slips and cannot be squeezed sufficiently, and the concentration of the residual solids does not increase, resulting in clogging of the screen, etc. It's easy to wake up.

Due to these circumstances, according to the conventional manufacturing method using pectin, the concentration limit of pectin is at most 1
%, and if it is higher than this, the efficiency will decrease due to the difficulty of separating undissolved residues. However, handling low-concentration solutions is not economical as it requires a huge amount of alcohol, as is the case when recovering pectin using the alcohol method, and other methods also reduce power costs and productivity during production. I don't like it from a certain point of view.

An object of the present invention was to provide a method for efficiently producing pectin by increasing the extraction concentration of pectin.

In the present invention, a pressing aid is added to an extract obtained by extracting pectin from a pectin-containing plant or an insoluble component separated from this extract, and a pressing aid is added to the insoluble component in an amount of 20 parts by weight or more based on 100 parts by weight of the insoluble component. This is a method for producing pectin, which is characterized by separating insoluble matter.

According to the present invention, by adding and mixing a pressing aid to the pectin extract, insoluble matter is hardened to make pressing easier, and a flow path for the pressing liquid is secured, thereby preventing clogging of the screen. The liquid can be efficiently collected without causing any problems.

As a pressing aid, it is possible to use diatomaceous earth, perlite, cellulose, or other additives such as sawdust, rice husks, and washed pectin with undissolved residue, but in the sense of hardening the undissolved residue, cellulose is used. , sawdust, rice husks, etc. are particularly effective, and diatomaceous earth,
F superaids such as perlite are particularly effective. Therefore, in actual use, it is advantageous to mix these as appropriate to suit the system.

The amount of the pressing aid added is preferably determined in proportion to the amount of insoluble matter, that is, the concentration of pectin, and it depends on the type of the additive and the raw material for pectin production, but the amount of insoluble matter on bone dry 100
Generally, 60 to 200 parts by weight are suitable. If the amount added is too large, the recovery rate of the liquid will decrease, which is undesirable, while if it is too small, sufficient squeezing will not be possible. The additive is usually added during extraction, but it may also be added to the extract, or the additive may be mixed with the insoluble matter separated from the extract by centrifugation, etc., and then squeezed. Good too. As a pressing device, a common device such as a jig press, a roller mill, etc. is used.

Example 1 1.5 kg of dried squeezed summer mandarin peel was washed with water, added to water to make a total amount of 20 kg, and then adjusted to pH with hydrochloric acid.
was set to 20, and the mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 60 minutes to perform extraction.

The absolute dry insoluble fraction is approximately 900 g. Next, 70 g of diatomaceous earth filter aid and 400 g of cellulose filter aid were mixed with the extract and squeezed to obtain 3.3 kg of undissolved residue and 17 g of squeezed liquid.
．． 1 kg was obtained. Add 0.5% diatomaceous earth filter aid to the squeezed juice and perform clarification filtration, process the resulting P liquid with fisoprobil alcohol to a concentration of 60%, separate the precipitated pectin, and remove the precipitate. was dried and ground to obtain 220 g of powdered pectin. The yield of product pectin based on the raw material peel is 147%, and the pectin concentration of the extract is 140%.
%Met.

Example 2 1.5kl of dried lemon juice and peel? was washed with water and extracted in the same manner as in Example 1, and 500 g of cellulose filter aid was added to the bone-dry extract of 850 g of the insoluble fraction, and the mixture was squeezed.
2.61 kg of undissolved residue and 17.9 kg of squeezed liquid were obtained. Thereafter, clarifying filtration was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, dehydration, drying,
Pulverization was performed to obtain powdered pectin 275I. The yield of product pectin based on the raw material pericarp was 183%, and the pectin concentration of the extract was 1.75%.

Example 6 21 (g) of dried fruit of squeezed summer mandarin peel was washed with water and extracted in the same manner as in Example 1, and 200 g of cellulose filter aid was added to the extract.
Add I and 800g of rice husks and press to remove undissolved residue 3
．． 5 kg and 17.5 kg of squeezed liquid were obtained. Example 1 below
Clarification filtration was carried out in the same manner as above, followed by dehydration, drying and pulverization to obtain 256 g of powdered pectin. The yield of product pectin based on the raw material peel is 12.8%, and the pectin concentration is 1.8
It was 3%.

Comparative Example 1 1 kg of dried fruit squeezed summer mitan fruit peel was washed with water and extracted in the same manner as in Example 1, and the extract was centrifuged without adding a pressing aid to separate the remaining 4.6 kg. 154 kg of liquid was obtained.

Thereafter, clarification filtration, dehydration, drying, and pulverization were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain 140 g of powdered pectin. The yield of product pectin based on the raw material pericarp was 14.0%, and the concentration of the extract was 0.96%. In this case, the yield is good, but the concentration of the extract is low, which is unfavorable in terms of the production cost of pectin.

Comparative Example 2 1.5 kli of dried lemon juice and peel was added to Example 1.
Washed with water and extracted in the same manner as above, and the extract was pressed without adding any pressing aids to obtain 1.4 kg of undissolved residue and 18.6 kg of squeezed liquid.
I got kg. Since there was a large amount of insoluble fraction in the squeezed juice and it was difficult to filter the pure nL, further centrifugation was performed to reduce the remaining amount to 7.4 k1.
7 and 11.2 kg of separated liquid were obtained. Thereafter, clarification filtration, dehydration, drying, and pulverization were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain 201 g of powdered pectin. The yield of product pectin based on the raw material pericarp was 13.4%, and the pectin concentration was the same as that in Example 2. The yield is significantly lower than in Example 2.

Comparative Example 6 21 (g) of dried summer mandarin orange juice peel was washed with water and extracted in the same manner as in Example 1, and the bone-dried extract of insoluble distillate 1200I contained a large amount of cellulose filter aid 200g, making clarifying filtration difficult. Therefore, further centrifugation was performed to obtain 8.8 k!9 remaining and 9.3 kg of separated liquid.

Thereafter, clarification filtration, dehydration, drying, and pulverization were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain 165 g of powdered pectin. The yield of product pectin based on raw fruit f was 8.3%, and the pectin concentration was the same as that in Example 6. The yield is significantly lower than in Example 6.

From the above Examples and Comparative Examples, the effect of adding the pressing aid is clear, and it is known that it is possible to increase the pectin concentration while maintaining a good yield.

The device used for compression in these experiments was a P-Svenjar type screw press manufactured by Hansfetter, with a screw compression ratio of 1:8.

Applicant: Mitsubishi Acetate Co., Ltd. Agent: Patent Attorney Masao Kobayashi

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. To the extract obtained by extracting pectin from a pectin-containing plant or to the insoluble matter separated from this extract, 20 parts by weight or more of a pressing aid is added per 100 parts by weight of the insoluble matter. A method for producing pectin, characterized by separating the insoluble matter by squeezing the pectin. 2. The amount of pressing aid added is 3 parts per 100 parts by weight of insoluble matter.
The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the amount is 0 to 200 parts by weight.