JPS59500297A - A system for transmitting modulated signals using a line method with maximum efficiency. - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Transmission of modulated signals using line method System for maximum efficiency Background and summary of the invention The present invention relates to audio processing and modulation systems, and more particularly to audio frequency systems such as those used in telephones. Maximizes the efficiency of line-based transmission or transfer of wavenumber signals and provides high modulation levels. while avoiding loss of audio dynamics. Improving signal processing systems intended to simultaneously increase signal intelligibility and clarity. related.

Various signal transmission modes, e.g. stranded, RF link, laser, fiber As used in telephone and other transmission line systems using combinations of optical fibers, etc. Important for both long and short distance line signal transmission and reception of modulated signals. The problem lies in always obtaining high levels of dynamic amplitude, and on the other hand, Encompasses the entire spectrum of the transmitted line signal as well as the audio bandwidth of the transmitted line signal The goal was to make it as narrow as possible. Traditionally, many line transmission modes and audio or other forms of signal modulation may be used where these points are of major concern. I came here because I was bored. The main modulation formats currently in use are AM, SSB, and F. It is M. AM and FM use the constant carrier principle, but SSB directly (audio 1nt6 power out) If the carrier is blocked, it is very common for one ship to have a No longer in transmission mode.

Frequency modulation (FM) In the FM mode of constant transmission, the dynamic content of the signal and the audio bandwidth of the signal are: It is directly proportional to the amount of deviation that is allowed to be imposed on the carrier. For example, narrowband In the FM transmission line system, an audio bandwidth of 3 kcs can be imposed. the result , the dynamic harmonics of the acoustic layer are limited and lost.

Frequency modulation (AM) For amplitude modulation in constant transmission mode, Guinaminox is capable of controlling the available line frequency. Amplitude of a constant carrier and audio frequency bandwidth theoretically limited by the bandwidth It is expressed in a direct relationship with. , commercial line using amplitude modulation mode transmission In communication systems, the audio bandwidth is generally limited and the ignition that enters the line process AM modulation pulses due to other electrical noise are now removed. There is. The AM mode commonly used today is used in teletype and data transmission systems. It takes the form of pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), as in the system.

Single sideband (SSB) Recent modes of SSB modulation concern the transmission of audio-modulated high-frequency line signals, This is the most efficient format. However, the major drawback in this mode of modulation is that This can lead to severe loss of dynamic intelligibility due to extremely limited audio bandwidth. It is a point where it connects. However, these losses are often associated with high It is canceled out in the face of high efficiency.

Characteristics of human voice regarding wireless transmission For wireless transmission, important characteristics of the human voice are dynamic amplitude and harmonic relationships. the latter is extremely important for identification intelligibility.

Dynamic amplitude is the change received by one modulation stage in any modulation mode. is defined as the audio level. The human voice is made up of a complex structure of harmonics. , the main band of its harmonics is included in the 3kHz bandwidth. Usually selected vocal range The frequency range is from 300Hz to 3000Hz, and all other Most of the harmonics are suppressed. However, these out-of-band harmonics affect the characteristics of the voice and therefore It determines intelligibility. But also, the suppressed harmonics spread over a fairly wide spectrum. Therefore, if you want to transmit the entire composition of audio harmonics, you will need a line as high as 15kHz. This requires a large amount of network transmission bandwidth. With today's narrowband audio line transmission systems, That is impossible.

Therefore, audio processing has been used until now. For example, an audio line transmission system It is very common to use bandpass filters in systems. band of audio Although the range frequency often changes, the passband rarely exceeds 3kHz. stomach. This type of processing is primarily used with narrowband line transmission systems. child Not only is it easy and economical to provide, but it also It has the convenience of limiting the voice output band to a 3 to 11z window that can be used immediately.

When electrically processed, the amplitude of the signal representing the human voice inevitably changes significantly. Ru. Accordingly, the audio content of the transmitted signal also changes. However, the received audio The level is only accepted as an average between the maximum and minimum transmitted dynamic amplitude. Not possible. One way to increase the average received sound level is to increase the average received audio level. io 5ound) and the modulation system, using an audio compression device between the in such a way as to obtain an average modulation level and effectively increase the transmitted audio output. be. After compression, it is possible to increase the transmitted or received audio level. This means that the intelligibility of the voice must be sacrificed. Audio compression is A single frequency pulse is transmitted, such as a teletype or data transmission system. Naminox has been most commonly used for unimportant things.

Circuit providing gain control for high and low audio bands and subsequent compression of mixed audio signals (circuitry), please refer to BLOY's U.S. Patent Distribution No. U.S. Patent Application No. 282,051, which is a sequel to No. ``Voice Processing System''.

In addition to filtering and compression techniques, various other types of processing are used for commercial line transmission. It has been used in the system. If the audio input to the line modulation is Simple preamplifiers are often used where the .

Li-ne System: Many of today's track systems are In addition to carrying audio information in the form of Due to the fact that it also carries a carrier wave modulated by the pulse amplitude and by the pulse amplitude, the Systems for interfacing voice processing circuits with line systems are It must be designed to handle various modes of line-transferred information. Multi-carrying Frequency modulation is also used in the transmission method. Adapt to these features In the AM, one system spans the entire communications link.

Including fMm and/or modulation for FM, CW and SSB transmission modes It must be possible to prove this by using an interface.

It is an object of the present invention to improve the modulation of the modulated signal in general and the audio frequency energy in particular. Specifically, it is a system for maximizing the transmission efficiency of a system using a transmission line method. The aim is to provide

Another object of the invention is to provide a similar system that can be used with modulation systems. It's about doing.

A further object of the present invention is to improve the transmission of audio frequency signals, particularly to transmission lines. , we present a similar system for providing such that high average modulation power is achieved. It is about providing.

A further purpose of this invention is to improve transmission lines for signals, especially audio frequency signals. to enhance signal intelligibility and clarity, while The objective is to provide a similar system to prevent losses.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a received line transmission signal. processing the demodulated signal from the transmitted signals), A signal, more specifically an audio signal, when there is a high level of noise associated with the receiving line transmission signal. Similar systems can be used to effectively recover high signal-to-noise ratios even when The objective is to provide a

Another object of the invention is to detect various types of signals, such as voice.

Demodulated audio frequency signal when receiving a signal transmitted over a line, such as sound or data. used to process, as well as to modulate, a line-transmitted signal The goal is to provide a similar system that can do the following.

Still another object of the present invention is that it can be used with a variety of modulation systems and stages and is transportable. Maximizes transmission utilization to increase effective line transmission power and clarity. , offers a similar system.

Another object of the invention is to provide a voice and other possible to reconstruct the wide-frequency spectral dynamics associated with the audio frequency signal. It processes audio frequency signals and allows the harmonics to be suppressed or filtered in other ways. A similar system has been proposed which processes the sound by recovering and amplifying it to hearing levels. It's with me.

Another related object of the present invention is to achieve high average modulation reaching 100% average modulation. Enables the transmission of audible signals at high levels, yet improves audio dynamics and intelligibility. The objective is to provide a similar system that does not incur the dramatic losses that are customary.

The purpose of this invention is also to detect not only human voice but also high speed data, teletype.

It can also be used in the field of line transmission for facsimile 1 and other modes of data communication. In the future, if used for data communication, the data drop point of the data communication link will be to provide similar systems that could be an effective part of reducing be.

The present invention is also relatively simple and uses only small integrated circuit components. There is no need for further adjustment once you set it to the applicable state at hand. To provide a similar system that uses a minimum number of control units. With the goal.

Another related object of the present invention is to use a variety of visual indicators to the extent to which users are kept informed and their signals are processed correctly through the system. The goal is to provide a similar system that allows users to recognize the system.

Yet another object of the present invention is to transmit even low level signals substantially within the audio frequency spectrum. of the audible spectrum and, at the same time, at the user's discretion. various components for filtering and/or amplifying power and/or output signals. The aim is to provide similar systems with special features for use and enhancement.

Another object of the invention is to provide an output of an audio signal processed through the system to a conventional amplitude to be sent to any of the modulation stages currently used in line communication systems. The purpose is to provide a similar system that allows you to keep your current status.

Another object of the invention is to have particular advantages with respect to narrowband VHF line transmission; It completely contains the dynamic characteristics of the processed audio frequency signal and has an extremely high level of variation. The aim is to provide a similar system that enables extremely narrow narrowband transmission that preserves keystone. .

Other objects of the invention include AM, FM, SSB, PAM, FSK (frequency series). phase shift keying), PSK (phase shift keying) and tonal activated ( tone activated) TTY line transmission, that is, for the public A similar method that can be used for transmission and can also be used for music amplification equipment. The provision of this system is attracting attention.

Another object of the present invention is to interface with telephone lines to transmit functions, A similar system provides impedance matching and automatic selection direction control for the receiver. On offer.

Finally, among some further objects of the invention, depending on the natural frequency of the audible signal, Allows individual adjustment of harmonic response curves and continuous audio frequency gain control enables straight-line tracking during audio processing and eliminates or significantly reduces third harmonic distortion. It operates to reduce It operates using solid-state integrated circuit technology and is It is qualitatively uncomplicated, easy to use and maintain, and can be powered by low voltage or battery power. In addition, it consumes less power during operation and has a unique Special mention is made of the provision of similar systems with high efficiency.

Some of the other purposes and features will be made clear from the description below, and some of them will be The department will be pointed out.

Briefly stated, the signal transmission processing system according to the present invention includes an interface circuit. and a processing circuit. The processing circuitry processes the signal to be processed (audio frequency, telephone, (digital, encrypted, data signals, etc.). these The signal is fed to a band-input filter wheel where it is filtered and Sent to Gobe. The output of the latter drives the primary voltage compressor, which - The maximum compression level indicated by the visual indicator by the missing frequency control. Adjustable for different band amplitudes that can be preset and driven selectively constrain signal dynamics to a predetermined window. . The output of the compressor is then fed to a secondary active frequency control section, which This drives a secondary dynamic compressor in various audio bands. Second signal indicator displays the maximum compression level of the latter. Automatic connected to the latter compressor The gain control provides a feed hack to the voltage compressor and the compressed output Power a third visual indicator that displays voltage and average peak dynamic compression.

'The output processed by the second-order compressor is fed to a bandpass output filter. , where it is extremely attenuated and passed on to the next use. The same goes for the high level output stage. It is used selectively. -The AGC feedback signal given to the next compressor is Limiting the −order compression as a function of the delay with respect to the level increase of the secondary compressor output. Ru. - The primary and secondary compressors are considered as the primary and secondary dynamic control devices, respectively. and the second and second active frequency controllers are respectively It is tempting to think of it as a sound quality control device, but it is both a sound quality control device and a sound quality control device. The active frequency control section is configured to selectively control each individual function. This is because The band input and output filters each have a signal processing path (path). ) can be selectively opened and closed.

The third visual indicator is a meter with a coil-type moving part that displays the average. It may be. An interface circuit connects the processing circuit to the transmission line. The signal connected and transmitted to the transmission line is automatically directed to the processing circuit, This allows the processing of audio frequency signals transmitted over the transmission line. ing. Interface circuits include e.g. It's AM again.

Selective connection to system demodulators and modulators for FM, CW and SSB mode communications A plurality of switch circuits are included for connection.

Brief description of the drawing FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system constructed in accordance with the present invention and embodying the present invention. Ru.

Figure 2 is a block diagram of the system shown in Figure 1, and some of its features. is shown in more functional detail.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the audio processing circuit of the system shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of the bandpass input filter of the circuit shown in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of the primary active frequency control section of FIG. 1.

FIG. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of the primary voltage compressor of the system of FIG.

Figure 6A shows an integrated circuit device forming part of the primary compressor shown in Figure 6. It is a block diagram.

FIG. 7 is a schematic circuit diagram of the secondary active frequency control section of the system shown in FIG. .

FIG. 8 is a schematic circuit diagram of the secondary dynamic compressor of the system shown in FIG.

FIG. 9 is a schematic circuit diagram of the bandpass filter of the system shown in FIG.

Figure 10 shows an LED including the L'E'D indicator used in the system of Figure 1. FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a drive circuit.

Figure 11 shows the automatic gain control circuit 1 and meter drive circuit of the system shown in Figure 1. FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram showing a meter for indicating operating performance.

Figure 12 is a schematic of the active filter feed used in the system shown in Figure 1. It is a circuit diagram.

FIG. 13 is a schematic circuit diagram of an audio frequency amplifier used in the system of FIG. .

FIG. 14 is a graph of a family of curves illustrating the operation of a given compressor circuit according to the present invention. It is f.

FIG. 15 is a graph of a family of curves illustrating the operation of a given amplifier circuit according to the present invention. .

FIG. 16 is a simple block diagram showing a simplex communication configuration according to the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a simple block diagram illustrating a duplex communication configuration according to the present invention.

The same reference symbols refer to the same parts throughout the figures.

This disaster warning plate Ichinnu detour 1su λ Nishiki Ao dekai Now, if we look at the figure by reference symbol, reference symbol A means that using the transmission line system, System according to the invention for transmitting modulated audio frequency energy with maximum efficiency It is used to indicate the entire system. In this sense, the term transmission line is one of the general class signal transmission line systems. or conductive connections between multiple system elements that carry signal power. wires, telephone lines, etc.) or carry signals of various frequencies. other types of transmission line components (such as coaxial cables and waveguides) ) where the signal is modulated or otherwise contains audio frequency information. contains, pulses or otherwise encodes information at an audible frequency rate. (e.g. by frequency shifting). It is intended to include those in which a form or mode of transmission or propagation is used. intended.

The invention particularly relates to telephone stations + line 1 communication paths and their mutual connections. switching arrangement, A telephone system that collectively includes all accessories for providing telephony and telephone communications. Therefore, its use with transmitted signals is advantageous. In this way, in the telephone system, Audio frequency signals are associated with conductors and special communication channels and circuits consisting of conductor pairs. A single telephone line consisting of telephone line equipment connects telephone stations and/or and one or more telephone offices. However, it is not suitable for transmitting telephone signals. Not only does a reasonable telephone communication channel always consist of conductors, but it also often consists of generally and various other transmission media, including line frequency links.

Referring to Figure 1, 20 is a telephone set, 5 for commercial use, 1 for private use and 1 for government use. represents an audio device such as a transmitter and/or receiver, which may constitute a device that ing. The equipment or appliance 2o is given as input from the microphone of the transmitter. receive an unprocessed audio signal such as However, the audio frequency provided as input Wavenumber signals are transmitted through conventional microphones, preamplifiers, tape recorders, and modulation systems. Sourced from any of a myriad of sources, such as the output from a stem or receiver, etc. It can be something that has been done. These signals are timbre pulses, frequency shift keying pulse, sound quality coded information, teletype signal (TTY), facun millimeter data, Data signals, which can be various types of voice transmission, data transmission, etc., consist of audio frequencies. It may also consist of encrypted or decrypted signals having as This point Then, any audio waveform that deviates from a true sine wave is composed of related harmonics. I can say it.

The system according to the invention provides correction of these harmonics.

The audio device 20 also provides an audible signal processed according to the invention, i.e., to the system. Therefore, from what is received and transmitted from system to system of said audio device. It also provides an output for the guided signal. However, these signals are not transmitted to the audio device 20. the same characteristic processed by the circuit section according to the invention provided as input to It is something that we have.

The audio device 20 is connected to the interface and switch circuit 3o. circuit 3 The function of circuit 30 will be explained in more detail below, but if circuit 30 is a telephone or The fact that it connects with other communication transmission lines 4o and gives an ink 7 face is that Is recognized. The transmission line 4o includes one or more conductive wires, waveguides, and fiber optic lenses. , cable and microwave transmission, involving one or more channels. network and various other transmissions used to transmit communications containing data. Any line parts are fine.

The switch circuit 30 includes representatives of various types of modulators and/or demodulators. A so-called modem (modulator-demodulator) 50 is connected, which accepts audio input. The radio frequency signal is provided to the audio device 2o and transmitted via the transmission line 4o. for modulating a signal containing a multi-digit signal or a processed signal from the audio device 20. Either for demodulating the incoming audio frequency signal, which should be provided as I can stay.

Alternatively, the modem 5o can transmit data received on the transmission line 4o. , and also has the encoded data given as input to the audio device 2o. This represents a circuit for appropriately modulating a carrier wave and transmitting it through a transmission line 4o. It is also possible to do so. The same instructions apply to voice-activated switch systems. system or so-called “VOX”, which controls the operation of the system, The audio frequency signal is processed according to the direction on the transmission line 40. wife The incoming signal received on the transmission line 40 is processed, but the unprocessed audio frequency signal is provided to the audio device 20, the VOX 60 is activated to activate the circuit 30; The system is now able to process the signals transmitted to transmission line 4o. ing.

Also shown connected to circuit 30 are audio frequency amplifiers 7o and 80, which each amplifies or inputs an audible signal applied to the audio device 20 for transmission. The output signal is amplified so as to be provided as an output by the audio device 2o. indicated by 9o 100 is a monitor circuit, which in accordance with the present invention is provided by a processing circuit generally designated 100. AM (isolation) for monitoring the signal before it is processed. provide. The circuit 3o transmits the unprocessed audible signals from the audio device 20. When it is to be transmitted on line 4o, it is sent through processing circuit 100. Provides routing for Similarly, transmission line The incoming signal received from the path 4° also passes through the processing circuit 100 and is processed by the circuit 3o. It is routed to be output as processed output from the voice device 20.

In a preferred embodiment according to the invention, which will be described with reference to FIG. Acting on the interface and switch circuit 3o, the signal is connected to the transmission line 40. Give a path through the processing circuit 1゜O depending on whether it is input or output. It has become.

Turning to FIG. 2, a circuit according to the present invention is shown in block diagram form. phone cents The audio device 20 to be obtained includes a transmitter 20a and a receiver 2゜b, and has a bypass line L. 1 gives a signal to relay RL1a connected to corresponding relay RL1b. Or receive it. Relay RL1b is connected to relay RL1 under the control of switch SWI. Works with a. In this regard, the method for operating the relay according to the invention is The various power supply connections are not shown. This is because such connections require skilled circuit design. This is obvious to the planners. Relays RL1a and RLlb are It is operated by the switch SWI as shown in FIG. Transmission to the transmission line 40 through either the path line L1 or the circuit according to the present invention. or routed to be received.

The features of the circuit shown in FIG. 2 consider the flow of signals through the circuit according to the invention. This is best shown by If the switch SWI is connected to the bypass line for the signal If not operated to allow transmission through the provides a path through the circuit for processing by the processing circuit 100 according to the present invention. I can do it. Thus, if a signal is received from the transmission line 40, the signal is received from the relay. -Sent by RL1b to the next relay RL2a controlled by switch SW2. It is. Relays RL2a and RL2b are under the control of switch SW2 and allows for selective amplification of the incoming signal, but without amplifying the outgoing signal through lines I and 2. It can be controlled so that it can be supplied in a controlled manner. If necessary, also by switch SW2 Manual auxiliary operation is possible to receive incoming signals without amplification.

Switch SWI can be manually operated or initiated by telephone connection. Automatic operation is possible. In this regard, processing is performed by the processing circuit 100. It is desirable that there be no significant line dial pulses. These pulses are d.c. Therefore, it is blocked by circuit 100, causing a zero-loop current in the telephone line and causing a disconnection. As a result, the telephone device 20 becomes inoperable. In this way, relays RL 1a and R Llb refers to the processing circuit 10 after all dial operations and line connections are completed. 0 to the line. Relay RL1a ,! :RL1b preferably handles route dialing and telephone line access. ), the time it takes for the processing circuit to become a complete part of the telephone circuit, i.e. a 15 second delay. It is desirable to provide a direct current switching action. Dotted line connecting switch SWI and audio device The line indicated by 20), which provides the above functionality. Ru.

Relay RL 2a is operated by switch SW2, and the turnout signal is Audible frequency amplifier 80, otherwise relay RL 2 through line L2a without amplification Corresponding relay RL 2 operated together with a and under the control of switch SW2 Give a route to selectively send to b. Relay RL 2b connects line 1-2b provides an incoming signal to an impedance matching transformer TI. Small signals are amplified From transformer TI it is sent by line L2C to relay RL2a. The transformer T1 is For example, if the 600 ohm impedance of transmission line 40 is Impedance matched to a nominal high impedance of 50,000 ohms let Of course, a 50 ohm or 300 ohm transmission line could be used for transmission. Ru. Thus, transformer TI and other impedance matching transformers T2 and T3 is selected according to the required impedance match (or suitable winding ).

Transformer T1 sends the incoming signal under the control of manual switch SW3 together with corresponding relay RL3b. is supplied to the next relay RL3a located at Relay RL3a sends the incoming signal to path L 3 to relay RL3b, and they are sent to the present invention via lines L4 and L5. is sent to the input section of the processing circuit 100.

The signal is supplied to output line L6, which is also connected to relay RL3a, and the following The processing is performed according to the operation of the processing circuit 100 described in . Relay RL 3a is The signal supplied to the output line I-6 is passed through the next line 'I-7 to the next impedance. matching transformer T2, which transformer connects the 50.000 ohm impedance of circuit 100. – rematching the 600 ohm impedance on the telephone line. give. Transformer T2 transfers the processed signal to relay RL4a via line L8a. give to This relay RL4a is connected to switch SW4 along with corresponding relay RL4b. and the signal is amplified by an audio frequency amplifier 70 or directly, This makes it possible to send it to line L8b. Relay RL 4a and relay - The lines ■ and 9 between the RI-12 and RI-12 send the processed received signals to the audio device 20. so that it is played back on the receiver 20b.

By looking at the path followed by the audible signal captured by the handset 20a, the circuit other characteristics become clear. That is, the local device (I.

The user who provides an audible signal to the handset 20a at the remote The signal is sent to relay RL1a and then forwarded to relay RL4a via line L9. The result is that the sound is produced by the audio device 20. switch SW4 Depending on the position, relays RL4a and RL4b are activated, and these signals are transmitted in circuit 100. The audio frequency is amplified by an audio frequency amplifier 70 to a level sufficient to be processed. Also are relayed by line L8 if their signals are already of high level. – Supplied directly to RL4b. Received by RL4b regardless of whether it is amplified or not. The signal is given to the next impedance matching transformer T3 by line L8c. 600 ohm line impedance and 50,000 ohm impedance of circuit 100 – the alignment between the dance and the dance is given again. High impedance secondary winding of transformer T3 A line sends its output signal to a VOX circuit 60. ■OX circuit is relay RL 4, if the OX circuit is supplied from the secondary winding of transformer T3? If the presence of audible signals is sensed, a bypass route is provided for those signals.

Circuit 60 is of a completely traditional nature that is easily understood by audio circuit design experts. It is configured to control the operation of relays RL3a and RL3b.

VOX circuit 60 senses the signal provided by transformer T3 and transmitter 2'Oa is dominant. When it is specified that the signal source is a similar signal source, relays RL3a and RL3b open and close. provides the following signal paths:

Relay RL3b receives the signal from bypass relay Rj4 and connects line L4 and line It is supplied via path L5 to the input of the processing circuit 10'0. Similarly, processed A line L6 providing an audio output signal is connected to a relay RL3a and a relay R' L3a passes those signals to transformer T1, which then passes them through relays RL2a, RL2b. and sends it to relay RL1b, so that the signal is sent to transmission line 40. .

Relay RL3b also includes a line for sending the signal to RFm amplifier 90a before processing. line LIO is connected and its operation is controlled by switch SW5. possible state The amplifier 90a then test monitors the signal before it is processed through the circuit 100. A recordable high level output is provided via line R-11.

Shown at 50a, 50b and 50c are three modulator-13 regulator circuits (so-called (what is called a modem). These modulator-demodulator circuits each have an AM , an output for receiving an unmodulated input having FM or SSB characteristics. 2, 12a, 'L12b and l-120. Also, these modulators The demodulator circuits each have an AM , output L13a, L13 providing a modulated output of FM or ssB type. b and also has T-13c. These circuits 50a, 50b, 50c The IJI signal received at any time can be processed according to the present invention. Ru. For this purpose, the circuit includes switches 5W6a, 5W6b, and 5W5c in parallel as shown in the figure. interconnected, each switch also has a respective modulator-demodulator circuit 50a, 50b. or 50c, and the input line L5 of the processing circuit 100 and its output line L 6. Therefore, the filled signal is sent to the processing circuit 100. is then re-sent through each switch to the corresponding modulator-fJl unit and its appropriate RF ratio power modulation is performed.

Therefore, the circuit according to the invention allows signals to be transmitted over a telephone or other transmission line. Processing of audio frequency signals, whether transmitted via radio or It is understood that it is used.

Although the system shown in Figure 2 is depicted as having various relays, The system replaces mechanical relays with electronic switchgears or solid switches. It is preferable to use a Tate relay. Therefore, the system according to the invention The system includes a microprocessor, etc., for controlling switch actuation and other operating functions. Traditional pseudo-logic circuits (state-of-art logic circuits) rcuitry).

An understanding of the system is shown in the block diagram configuration in Figure 1 and the enlarged detail in Figure 2. You can further deepen your understanding by considering the various characteristics of circuits. Will. The system according to the invention Understanding the audio processing provided by the system will help you configure and operate the entire system. The speech processing circuit 100 will be explained first because it is important for understanding the motion.

Okasho processing route The audio frequency signal to be processed by the audio processing circuit 100 is sent to the input section 113. It will be done. The processed signal is passed on to the next use by the output section 115. Output section 115 The output signal output from the is used for driving the modulator, sending it to the audio amplification stage for secondary audio processing, etc. For the purpose of, or amplification, recording.

Used for decoding, retransmission, etc. Auxiliary output section 117 allows various recordings For unlimited driving of equipment such as oscilloscopes, spectrum analyzers, etc. Therefore, it is designed to be able to output a high level output signal.

The signal to be processed before or after being transmitted to the line system is the audio content or speech. most commonly consists of audio frequency information including The sound quality data, which consists of sound quality and various types of audio frequencies, is also processed by the processing circuit. 100 to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) , and/or other objects according to the invention. in this way , the audio processing circuit 100 performs main transmission (live transmission). The transmission of audio frequency signals before or after using Shingei for various purposes, such as For example, to provide high average modulation power or to improve signal intelligibility, high clarity In order to provide good signal transmission and avoid loss of audio dynamics, etc. Processing for such purposes may be enumerated among a number of other purposes set out above. It should be understood that it is used to maximize or effectively achieve .

The input section 113 filters the frequency to obtain a passband of 3001 (z to 3 [z). The audible signal is then sent to a bandpass input filter 119. Filter 119 is other Effectively limits all frequencies. The passband obtained in this way is the passband of this system. It is desirable and effective to use only for operation and according to the purpose of this system. It is also possible to make changes such as changing the width or changing the upper and lower limits of the frequency. Ru. A circuit lead wire 12 is connected between the input section 113 and the output section 121 of the filter 119. Switch SW7 connected by 0 is a filter for the purpose described below. 119 is selectively disabled.

The output of bandpass input filter 119 is connected to a first order active frequency control circuit by output connection 121. Sent to Gobu 123. The control unit 123 divides the audible spectrum of the given signal into two frequency band. Although it is not necessary, if the lower band is from 250Hz 1.2kHz, the upper frequency band is from 1.4kHz to 3.5KI (if z is the desired Delicious. The control unit 123 selectively controls the amplitude of each audio content in these audible bands. and a device for controlling the range of ±10db for each of said bands. Attenuation or gain can be applied within a desirable range. similar In addition, the −th order active frequency control section 123 also includes an input gain control section for the purpose described below. I'm here.

The control components of circuit 123 also control the individual out-of-band harmonics. The out-of-band harmonics are processed by the circuit 100 of the system. reconstructed by

The signal output from the control unit 123 is then connected to the primary voltage compressor '+ through the connection 125. Sent to 127. - The secondary voltage combiner 127 is preferably 135 db. A fairly high compression range, as well as high frequencies that would otherwise occur during processing. Pre-emphasis of high frequency audio components is provided to compensate for the loss. This The damper 127 has a tracking error of no more than approximately ±3 db and a window of 27 d5. Preferably chosen to limit all audio dynamics. complete The automatic gain control unit ( A variable gain cell that is indirectly controlled by AGC) 129 is included.

The compressor 127 also has an LED indicator according to the operation of the compressor 127. An LED drive circuit 131 that drives the controller is connected by a lead wire 130. , represents the maximum usable compression range provided by compressor 127 to the system operator. It is designed to show.

The output of compressor 127 is sent to secondary active frequency control section 135. this circuit is now a dynamically compressed audio signal divided into two frequency bands, and is the preferred method. preferably a lower frequency band from approximately 300 Hz to 1.5 KHz; has an upper frequency band from approximately 1.5 kHz to 3 kHz. Control unit 135 The gain between these two frequency bands can preferably be varied within a range of ±12db. and damping control. This allows the user to gain and reduce A manual adjustment device is provided so that the attenuation can be selectively determined within each frequency band. It is.

- Unlike the next active frequency control section 123, the control section 135 Gain peaking and attenuation can preferably be ignored at 1 kHz and 2°, respectively. It becomes possible. The frequency control within the control section 135 provides neither attenuation nor gain. Since the signal passing through the control unit 135 has not only gain and attenuation, but also There is not even the slightest bit of distortion.

The output of the frequency control section 135 is sent to the secondary dynamic compressor 137, which Ressa provides an extremely fast tracking system with extremely low tracking distortion (preferably 0.1 %) while achieving a compression window of preferably only 50 db. Accepts and provides compression of signals with a dynamic amplitude range of up to 120 db, and The figure of third harmonic distortion (THD) that can be obtained is, if anything, less than 1%.

AGC circuit 129 is connected to the controller by connection 140 to provide an input for ACC 129. The AGC circuit 129 is connected to the circuit components of the compressor 137, and the AGC circuit 129 is connected to the The line connection 128 controls the primary voltage combiner soser 127, thereby controlling the secondary voltage The primary voltage compressor 12 as a function of the delay of compression by the dynamic compressor f'137. We present a negative AGC feedback loop that limits the degree of primary voltage compression given by provide These will be explained in detail below, but briefly, the AGC circuit 12 9 and the secondary dynamic compressor 137 form the compression stage of the secondary dynamic compressor 137. It is noted that the DC reference signal output from the primary voltage combiner sensor 127 is supplied to the It will be.

In practice, the AGC circuit 129 is interconnected with the secondary dynamic compressor 137. The tracking voltage output of the secondary dynamic compressor 137 is amplified and a function of this tracking voltage is As a primary voltage combiner 1, the voltage varies within preset parameters. 27 variable gain cells.

The purpose is to achieve extremely high tracking stability and also to reduce the Regarding the original audio dynamics sent to the secondary active frequency control unit 1 35 to limit the third harmonic distortion that occurs while reconfiguring the voltage through the be. However, the reconstruction of vocal guinamisoxu lost in other conditions is not possible in this system. It also occurs elsewhere in the stem circuit.

In the figure, the connection 141 connected to the automatic gain control section 129 is for providing the average value. This is a meter drive circuit 142 for This circuit 142 is connected to a meter 145, preferably Alternatively, a moving coil movement type meter is driven by connection 144. This makeup 145 is two It only indicates the compressed output voltage provided by the secondary compressor 137. It also shows the average peak dynamic compression and therefore reduces the utilization of the total capacity of the audio processing circuit 100. It also serves as a visual indicator of the extent to which it is being used.

Interconnected with the output of the secondary compressor 137 by connection 147 is a LED for displaying the degree of compression achieved by the secondary compressor 137 This is an LED drive circuit 149 that drives the indicator 15o. Secondary dynamic compressor The output of the sensor 137 is sent to a band output filter 152 to output the now processed audio signal. A sharp roll-off or is sharp at the corners within the preferred passband of 300Hz to 3KHz. receives waves that are attenuated. Filter 152 preferably provides unity gain and now Has an extremely low noise figure so that no more noise is introduced by the processed audio It is something that If desired, the filtered audio signal provided at output 115 can be Attenuation to a signal level suitable for other systems driven by the system I can do that. Similarly, a switch SW is included in the circuit 153 surrounding the filter 152. 8 is connected and selects the operation of filter 152 for the purposes described below. It is now possible to make it virtually impossible. The way the filter 152 comes out is A high level output stage is constructed as shown in 155, and the high level output section mentioned above is configured. 117 is supplied to an audio amplifier 156 which provides 117.

Having described the overall circuit of the audio processing circuit 100, we will now turn to FIG. The specific circuits of each block shown in FIG.

Generally speaking, the interconnections between the individual circuits shown in Figures 4 through 13 are lead wires. is shown in the array.

Referring to FIG. Contains circuitry that provides seasons of low frequencies is recognized. The non-overturning method of operational amplifier OAI connects a pair of capacitors CI and C2. It is interconnected with the input terminal through the resistor R1, and is biased to ground through the resistor R1. is being applied. Feedback between the output of the amplifier and the input is a capacitor. capacitor c3 and resistor R2, and capacitor c3 is a capacitor Connected to the junction between CI and C2 to provide capacitive feedback to adjust the frequency response It looks like this. This connection point is also grounded through resistor R3. is being applied. Non-overturning type and overturning type inputs are connected through each capacitor C4 and C5. Connected to circuit ground. 7 Mypass capacitor C6 is powered in the conventional manner Terminal 158 is connected to circuit ground.

The output of operational amplifier OAI is connected to capacitor C6, resistor R4 and the next resistor R5. QA2 is connected in series to the non-overturning input of the next operational amplifier QA2. Its output and its Capacitive feedback to the non-overturning input of the gain control circuit is provided by resistor R6. Provided by capacitor C7 for frequency response control along with DC feedback. Ru. Resistor R7 and capacitor C8 are connected in parallel between the non-overturning input and circuit ground. The connection point common to resistors R4, R5, and R6 is also connected to capacitor C9. is connected to ground through the Please note the points that are consistent with each other. The output of operational amplifier OA2 is passed through capacitor + CIO. and is applied to the output lead wire 121.

The conventional bypass capacitor C1l connects the operational amplifier OA2 to the circuit ground. I'm here. A lead wire 120 connects between the input terminal 113 and the lead wire 121. A switch SW7 is provided which is connected to the band input filter when switch 4 is closed. so that the filter is effectively deactivated, in other words removed from the circuit. It has become. This allows the processed audio signal to be passed through the input filter, typically It is undesirable to limit it to a narrow passband determined by circuit 119. selectively removes waves from the band input under conditions of use where they are not necessary or necessary. It becomes possible to do so.

Operational amplifier OA1. The selection of various components used for OA2 is as described above. This is a design problem as to where to place the upper and lower limits of the band. each operational amplifier are consistent with the intended usage nodes of this system, for example, ±15ν, d, c, electrical characteristics and bases requiring a supply voltage (such as that provided by terminal 158) of A single, commercially available integrated circuit (IC) such as the LM387 with ). As is well known to experts, circuit values such as that of resistor R6 (circuit values) is to control the gain of the bandpass input filter. It is variable.

However, preferably filter 119 is configured to provide unity gain. desirable. The filters 119 are above 2.7 kHz and 300 Hz, respectively. Lower corner frequency and 40db per decade It is desirable to provide excellent roll-off characteristics as well as very low third harmonic distortion (THD). Yes. Also, the filter 119 that provides unity gain causes clipping and distortion. It is preferable to be able to handle input signals between -35 and +1 odbO without any problems.

Similarly, the −th order active frequency control section 123 controls the gain of each upper and lower frequency band. Two operational amplifiers OA3 and OA4 are utilized for control. These operational amplification The device has individual controls for selectively amplifying and controlling audio frequency components within each audio band. each resistive-capacitive circuit 1 to complete the circuit with its respective operational amplifier. 60a and 160b are connected.

≠Specifically, the input signal supplied by lead 121 is One wiper 159 selectively variable to control the overall gain of the wave number controller 123 is sent across potentiometer R9 with . Two individual active frequencies The control circuits 160a and 160b have certain corresponding components connected identically. , the corresponding elements are given corresponding reference numerals, and are replaced with "a" or "b" in an appropriate manner. The text was added downward. The circuit 160a will be explained as an example. This time The path 160a passes the signal applied to the wiper 159 to the wiper through the resistor RIO. Capacitor C-■ coupled to the next potentiometer RI Ia with 161 3a, the wiper 161 has all the components that act as a high frequency gain control. is selectively adjustable by the user, and can be adjusted either side of potentiometer R41. Capacitors c14 and C15 are connected to the wiper. Wiper 1- The signal coming to 61 passes through resistor R13, then through capacitor C17a and is operationally amplified. is supplied to the non-overturning input of the device OA3, and the tube intensifier converts the overturning force into the non-overturning input including the resistor R14a. It is then connected to the capacitor 018a connected in series to ground. It is shunted by the insertion antibody R15,a.

The opposite end of potentiometer R1,]a is connected to capacitor C20a and resistor R , 16 to the circuit ground. Also, for the non-overturning input of operational amplifier OA3. is connected across the resistors R17a and R18a and the latter, and at one end thereof. A frequency compensation circuit containing capacitor c19a connected to circuit ground is connected There is. Resistor R20a is offset from the node between resistors R17a and R18a. In relation to the supply potential supplied to terminal 162 for differential compensation, said supply potential is also A lead 163 provides power to the operational amplifier OA3. It has become so.

Negative feedback for operational amplifier OAS is provided by resistors R21a and R22a and Interconnect the node between these two resistors and the overturning input of operational amplifier OA3. This is achieved by a voltage divider including another resistor R23a. Conventional compensation cap Capacitors C2, 4a and C22a are connected in a typical manner to operational amplifier OA3. .

Because of this configuration, the circuit 160a and the operational amplifier OA3 , gain control to the frequency determined by the setting of potentiometer wiper L61 Construct an active high frequency control circuit that provides

Note that the gain within the frequency band is preferably within the frequency range of approximately 1.5kHz to 3kHz. It can be varied within the range of ±12dh. Gain peaking and attenuation peaking preferably occurs around 2.4kHz. The output of operational amplifier OA3 is The signal is applied to the lead wire 125 through the sensor C25a.

Similarly, circuit 160b constitutes an active low frequency control circuit with operational amplifier OA4. , about the frequency determined by the setting of wiper 165 of potentiometer C20a. provides gain control, thereby providing gain control through capacitor C]7b to operational amplifier 01A. Determine the level of the signal given to 4. Frequency band is preferably 300Hz to 1.5kHz, the gain peaking and attenuation peaking are preferably approximately Occurs at 1kHz. The low frequency component is transferred from the output of operational amplifier OA4 to capacitor C. 25b and is routed to output lead 125. .

Although not necessary, operational amplifiers OA3 and OA4 are both commercially available. It can be used as a single integrated circuit (IC) such as the U, A 739 type, Preferably, it provides high loop gain without any substantial distortion.

The audio component, which is a mixture of high and low frequencies, is supplied to the lead wire 125 through a primary voltage converter. It is sent to breather 127. Referring to FIG. 6, compressor 127 is a full wave Compressor-expander, or so-called compander, including rectifier an operational amplifier comprising an integrated circuit ICI, a variable gain cell and a bias device therein; Contains all of the equipment shown in Figure 6A. A general depiction of this element is As shown in Figure 6A, circuit IC1 is as specified in NE5701571. There is no need for a detailed explanation due to the fact that it can be anything that is available on the general market. Ta However, as seen in Figure 6, there is an internal summing node within the operational amplifier (not shown). ), biased with a voltage predominance, and the signal supplied to the integrated circuit is connected to it. Note that it is averaged by the circuit. Averaged input signal value determines the gain of the variable gain cell (see Figure 6A), so the gain depends on it capacitively. is proportional to the average variation of the input signal coupled to . In any case, the operation of this circuit No. 59394, filed on July 20, 1979. described in “The Complete Speech Processing System” by Graham P. Broy. Therefore, it will be understood by referring to this.

The gain cell of the compander circuit functions as an expander, but it Compression is performed by applying negative feedback to the width transducer. A similar circuit is It is also used in the secondary dynamic compressor 137, and is used in the operation of the - secondary voltage compressor 127. Please note that the following explanation will help you better understand the process. For that purpose, IC Resistance and capacity can have the nominal values shown below, as indicated by the bin-out numbers. It is sufficient to know that it is interconnected with the components of the quantitative circuit.

Table 1 R25100kohm C260,47mfdR2620kohm C2710 mfdR2720kohm C281mfd R28120kohm C292700mfdR291100koh C301 mfdR3047kohm C3, 12200mfdR3147kohm’C 325mfdR32100kohm C3' 3 10 mfdR3350ko hm　C3410mfdR3470kohm R3j 50 kohm According to the present invention, the lead wire 128 is connected to the gain cell of the compander circuit Ic1. and the overall gain transmitted by the gain control circuit 129 by its leads. A feedback signal having limiting characteristics from automatic gain control circuit 129 as a function of Served. Here, the lead wire 128 connects the AGC signal through the resistor R26. It is permitted to feed the gain cells of the expander ICI. This negative feedback Although the overall purpose and function of the circuit is discussed below, its use within circuit ICI is The gain cell becomes negative in response to an increase in the AGC signal provided by lead 128. 127, thereby controlling the voltage comprennosa 127 It can be seen from the front that the amount of compression can be decreased and the gain feedback can be increased. This way However, feedback is inherently negative or restrictive.

Denoted at 167 is a circuit for supplying a low voltage direct current potential for operation of the circuit ICI. It is a terminal. Obviously, as shown in Figure 7, the dynamically compressed output signal is Supplied across load resistor R32 by capacitor c34 and connected to lead wire 127. R35 to be sent to the secondary active frequency control circuit 135 through the resistor. is properly attenuated.

However, as shown in FIG. The compressed audio output from stage 127 is routed to the LE by circuit lead 130 before It is applied to the D drive circuit 131.

Referring to FIG. 10, the LED driving section 131, the LED 133, and the LED driving section 1 49 and a circuit for constructing LED 150 are shown. As shown in the figure , the LED indicator lamp is indicated by 133 or 150. That's driven by a circuit that includes a pair of NPN) run disks Q1 and Q2. , incorporated for easy observation by the user. The base of transistor Q2 is by a unipolar signal fed through diode DI and sent out through resistor R37. is driven. The base of transistor Q1 is connected to ground through resistor R38. They are heavily biased. This collector is connected to a current limiting resistor R by a terminal 171. A supply potential is applied via 39, while an intermediate resistor R40 connects the transistor Q1. supply voltage to the collector. The latter resistor is connected to a transformer via resistor R41. It is connected to the collector of register Q2. Collector and transistor of transistor Q1 A capacitor C36 and a resistor R4 are connected in series between the base of the transistor Q2. The bond is given by 2. In this way, the primary voltage capacitor is connected to transistor Q2. By using the output signal of the breather 127 or the secondary dynamic compressor 137, etc. When sufficient base drive is provided, the two LEIs are adapted to be driven. A transistor type switch circuit is provided.

Referring now to FIG. 7, the secondary active frequency control section 135 is connected to the primary voltage compressor. It is necessary to reconstruct the harmonic dynamics that are lost when processing the signal through 127 ( It is functioning. The control unit 135 uses a Butterworth filter. The connection should provide high and low frequency sections of the filter. It includes a pair of operational amplifiers OA5.0A6.

Each operational amplifier may be of the LM349 type on the market, but both amplifiers By means of positive and negative potentials of 15V, d, c, supplied to each terminal 173.174. It serves as an important part of a single integrated circuit that can be powered by bypass condenser Sensors C38 and C39 are connected across these feed inputs. Also each Operational amplifier OA5. OA6 has an overturn input connected to circuit ground.

The input signal is input to the operational amplifier OA5 via capacitor C40 and resistor R44. supplied to the input. Resistor R45 is connected to the output of the operational amplifier for feedbank purposes. force and the subsequent input, which is connected to the bar to ground through the next resistor R46. Being harassed.

The output of the operational amplifier OA5 is connected to the frequency gain control circuit 175 via the capacitor C42. circuit 175 has two parallel branches, one end of which constitutes the input of the circuit. provides a node 176 that connects to the output lead 136 of the frequency 24 control circuit on the other hand. provides a connected node 177.

The first branch has resistor R47, potentiometer R48, and another resistor. body R49 is included and connects both ends of potentiometer R4B and its wiper 1'78. Capacitors C43 and C44 are connected between them. Wiper 17B is resistor R 50 and another potentiometer R51 wiper 178 via capacitor C46 The potentiometer R51 is connected to the resistor R52 and R51 connected in series with it. 53 constitutes the second parallel branch of circuit 175. Resistor and capacitor C4' Node 179 between 6 and 6 connects to the non-overturning input of operational amplifier OA is biased to ground through resistive floor R54.

These component values are defined by the following formula: Low pass Butterworth filter ilter).

s+8 High pass 5ection of Hattersworth filter For the equation for , the transfer function is as follows.

Adjust the response curve between 300’Hz and 3kHz according to the design formula above. A secondary active frequency controller is designed to obtain. Low frequency of the circuit of the frequency control section 35 The frequency part is 2501 (designed to control the response between z and 1200Hz). The high frequency part is response controlled between 1400Hz and 3500Hz. It is designed to These numbers are suitable for the various purposes contemplated for this invention. desirable, but not absolutely necessary for some other applications. stomach. However, to that extent their application cannot be considered as variations falling within the scope of the invention. It is something that can be done.

To provide such operation, operational amplifier OA5 acts as a buffer, providing low and Ensures low drive impedance for high frequency control circuit 175. This buffer amplifier The input impedance of the stage is approximately 0.1 Megohm. Capacitor C42 is Provides DC blocking of the output of the operational amplifier. The high frequency control element is a resistor R,50, Contains R52 and R53.

Potentiometer R51 adjusts the high frequency part of the filter preferably from 0 to 22db Set the gain between. The low frequency part is resistor R47, R49 and potentiometer. It includes a motor R48 and capacitors C43, C4, 4. Potentiometer make R48 provides low frequency control, preferably between 0 and 22 db gain.

In reality, node 179 is fed to the non-overturning input of operational amplifier OA6, so This corresponds to the output of the frequency control circuit 175, and within this active frequency control circuit. acts as an effective element in The return path (feedb, +ck path) is q connected with antibodies R49 and R53, given by interconnection with node 177 It will be done. Capacitors C40 and C42 not only provide DC blockage, but also reduce the low frequency of the circuit. Establish wavenumber rolloff.

The integrated device used may be other than the above-mentioned LM349 type, but alternative The integrated operational amplifier being replaced has a fast torsion rate (sl) of more than 2.5 volts per microsecond. ew rate) and distortion-free full switch up to 2.5kHz frequency. It is desirable that the Also, the overall harmonic distortion is Typically less than 0.05% COdbm (i, G) 0.77v across the spectrum ) is preferably kept low. In this regard, the LM349 integrated circuit In some cases, an integrated circuit operational amplifier is internally compensated for a positive gain of 5 or more. This guarantees stability at a single gain.

All selected design specifications include a 22db gain in the low frequency portion of the second order active filter circuit. It has a low frequency bottom (togaer) of 30Hz and a 3db corner, high frequency The upper wave number is 10 KHz and the corner is 3 db. ing. As mentioned above, the term corner or corner frequency has traditionally been used to represents the cut-off frequency indicating the 3 db insertion loss of the path.

A circuit for supplying a regulated potential suitable for the operational amplifier of the secondary active frequency control section 135. The path is shown in FIG. In the circuit shown therein, a pair of terminals 181 ．． 182 provides AC line voltage across the transformer's primary winding 183; The device itself also has a secondary winding 184 connected cross-connected to a full-wave bridge rectifier 185. ing. The first filter or alternator is connected across the full-wave bridge rectifier. It is a current decoupling type capacitor C48. A pair of resistors R5 across this capacitor 6, R57 are connected, and these resistors are in turn connected to capacitor C50, respectively. , C51, and there is a floating earth node between these condensers. A code 186 is given. Node 186 is connected to circuit ground. Con The potential at both ends of capacitors C50 and C51 is UA78, which is available on the market. Integrated circuits IC2 and IC3, such as type 15 integrated circuit regulators, are provided. These Each of the integrated circuits is also connected to circuit ground, and each is connected to a secondary active frequency controller. Operational amplifier OA5. OA6. Ideal for supplying power to other devices with voltage stability within ±1%. Preferably outputs that provide highly regulated voltages of ±15v, d, c, and -15v, d, c. It provides forces 187 and 188.

Similarly, to develop other supply potentials for the operation of other components of the system. circuits are available. Alternatively, battery power can also be used.

Referring to FIG. 8 showing the circuit of [secondary dynamic compressor] 37, the input lead wire 13 4 passes the signal processed by the secondary active frequency control section 135 across the resistor R59. It is applied through a coupling capacitor C53.

That signal is then coupled to a high frequency emphasis circuit containing capacitor C54 and resistor R60. It is supplied to the resistor R61 via the network. The resistor R61 then acts on the input signal. Not directly to the overturning input of operational amplifier OA7. Overturning and non-overturning increase of operational amplifier OA7 The spanners are coupled together by a series circuit including capacitor C55 and resistor R62. ing. The input of operational amplifier OA7 is connected to gain cell 185 and full wave rectifier 186. , these gain cells and gold wave rectifiers are both integrated circuit compressors and expanders. For example, it is marketed as model number NE5701571. It is desirable that the These will be described later.

Such devices may also include internally or self-contained integrated circuit operational amplifiers. However, the compander circuit NE57 used as a suitable one in this system In the case of 01571, no built-in operational amplifier is used. Instead, in Figure 8 A gain cell 185 and a rectifier as components of such a compander circuit as shown. A connection is made to 1'8'6. It is also connected to the output 187 of the gain cell and other Internal resistance of the compander device including resistor R63 connected to circuit earth at the end There are parts. Node 188 of the circuit is as an input to the gain cell and is connected to internal resistor R6. 4 are provided. Gain cell 185 is connected to terminal 189 of rectifier 186. can now be controlled by the rectifier 1486 according to the connected capacitor. ing.

Simply put, rectifier 186 converts the voltage reflected at the output of operational amplifier OA7. Provides full-wave rectification of the audio signal applied to the output of prefusor 137, and The signal is fed to the rectifier and averaged by the capacitance seen at terminal 189. be converted into The averaged signal is then provided to gain cell 185, which in turn provides a gain control signal to the inverted input of operational amplifier OA7.

The capacitance, typically provided by a separate circuit capacitor, It should be connected to 189. However, according to the invention, operational amplifier OA8. O A capacitance expander circuit 190 including A9 is connected to rectifier 186. ing. The circuit 190 includes the output of operational amplifier OA9 and the non-overturning input of operational amplifier OA6. It includes a capacitor C56 connected between the power and the rectifier 18. 6 is connected to the capacitance input 189 of 6. The operational amplifier's tipping input is The output is connected directly to the non-inverting output of operational amplifier OA9 by resistor R65. is coupled to the inverting input, which input is connected to a pair of diodes D2. Must be grounded via D3. They are heavily biased. Load resistor R66 is connected beyond the output of operational amplifier OA9. It is continued.

Also shown in the figure is a selected integrated circuit device NE570 connected to rectifier 186. Resistor R67 inside the Model 1571, which connects the terminal or 191 constitutes the input to the rectifier stage. connected to node 191 The resistor R68 and capacitor C58 are connected in parallel, and the rectifier It provides high frequency pre-emphasis to the signal applied to the input. instructor The input is provided by capacitor C59 connected to the output of operational amplifier OA7. It will be done. Similarly, capacitor C60 couples this output to the input 188 of the gain cell.

Therefore, there are two feedback paths to what is connected to the output of the operational amplifier. , the first of which is provided to gain cell 185 via capacitor C60 and resistor R64. Served. The second return path is capacitor C59, the pre-emphasis network described above. , are provided to the rectifier 186 via the resistor R67. The rectifier has a gain set The gain cell 185 controls the gain provided by the input signal cell 185; Iout/I controlled by a rectifier 186 that provides an overall gain that is a function of the number A current input/output device made of an integrated circuit with a ratio of .

current out device). Gain cell 185 expands operates similarly to DA, but its output 187 is connected to the tipping input of operational amplifier OA7. , it actually compresses the input signal provided by lead 136. It is permissible to provide negative feedback.

Additionally, circuit 190 determines the relative amplitude range of the signal provided at the output of operational amplifier OA7. Since it acts to expand the apparent capacitance of capacitor C56 as a function, the rectifier The amount of current provided by gain cell 186 to gain cell 185 is another of the signals being processed. a function of the magnitude, In other words, it is changed as a range of motion.

In addition to the previous several feedback circuits, there is another one that includes a pair of resistors R70 and R71. A feedback circuit is connected between the output of the operational amplifier and the tipping input, where the circuit A capacitor C62 is provided to provide an AC bypass to ground. Resistor R7 0 and R71 are used for operational amplifiers since there is no DC feedback path through the gain cell 185. Provides a DC return path for In addition, for the input of the operational amplifier, terminal 1 By coupling 92 to an appropriate potential, a bias potential is applied via resistor R72. Ru.

In addition to this, the gain cell has a THD) trim potential. ) or a terminal 193 for supplying bias is provided, and the THD trim potential Or the bias is a resistor connected to wiper 194 of potentiometer R74 An AC potential of 3.6 volts is provided via terminal 195 to said port. It is supplied beyond the tension meter.

The wiper 194 can be positioned to adjust the THD rim. performance Terminal 193 is also connected to the non-overturning input of operational amplifier OA7 by resistor R75. There is.

The DC shift trim for gain cell input 188 is similarly controlled by potentiometer R76. According to the position of the wiper 196, a DC voltage of 3.6 volts is applied via the resistor R75. A root potential is applied across the potentiometer. wiper 194.195 The circuit should be adjusted to ensure proper THDI-rim and DC shift potentials through positioning. Once the scale is adjusted, no further adjustment is required. Output of operational amplifier OA7 A pair of back-to-back cables are placed between the output and circuit ground to limit the power potential. ' Zener diodes D41DS are connected, and they are e.g. is selected to provide a critical potential of 3V to limit the output of the amplifier and predetermined. It acts so that the level does not exceed the specified level. This suppresses output fluctuations. limited to any subsequent circuit stage supplied with the output of the secondary compressor circuit. loads, i.e. excesses otherwise caused by ignition or electrical noise; Avoid overloading the signal, which can occur when the signal is present in the signal being processed. Ru. In this limited form, the output of the operational amplifier is output via capacitor C63. The power is supplied to the power lead wire 148, and a resistor R77 is provided beyond it. It is.

Therefore, the compressor 137 includes an operational amplifier (OA7) and the output of this amplifier. A feedback circuit that connects the fall input is included, and the sound quality is controlled on the input lead 13G. negative feed to the input that increases non-linearly in response to increasing levels of the audible signal. It is supposed to provide back. Capacitance expander circuit 190 Ignoring the change or response in the start time caused by the signal gain, the signal gain is: expressed.

in is the average input voltage of the audio signal input to the compressor 137, and K is the gain is a constant. Gain cell 185 provides an exponential response in gain in response to a stepped change in amplitude. The exponential response is provided by the circuit 190 to the rectifier 18. This is done by the time constant obtained from the capacitance applied to terminal 189 of 6. be exposed.

In FIG. 14, a family of curves representing a typical input-output trace of compressor 137 is given. It is being The ordinate represents the output level and the abscissa represents the input level. .

The following table lists circuit components that can be suitably used in the configuration of the secondary motion control circuit 137 and their nominal names. Here, the operational amplifier OA7 is TDA1, which is available on the market. 034 type, and the LM387 type on the market for operational amplifiers OA8 and OA9. can be used.

Table■ R59100kohm R7268kohm R6062kohm R73220 kohmR6120kohm R74100kohmR6222kohm R7 51kohm R6330kohm R76220kohm R6420 + hm R77100kohm R651kohm R78100kohm R661kom hm　C531mfd R6710kohm C540,005mfdR6830kohm C55” 270 11fdR7047kohm C561mfd R7147kohm C5B 0.01 mfdC592mfd C6210' mfd C605mfd C635mfd Regarding the operation of the secondary dynamic compressor 137, the operation according to the present invention can be including, among other aspects, reconstructing the harmonics characteristic of a single human voice. Although it will be appreciated that this harmonic is also If not, the standard compression commonly encountered in modulation and RF transmission systems is Or, it may become unintelligible due to being forced to undergo narrowband filtering, or the essence may be lost. This may result in an invalid amplitude. Therefore, operational amplifier OA7 has a ratio of of relatively high quality, typically having a high twist rate, at least 15-16k ) It is desirable that it be capable of transmitting audible signals up to Iz.

Also, operational amplifier OA8. Using the LM387 type on the market to make OA9 The lowest upper bandwidth is typically 75k, although lower values may be used if It has become llz. The circuit used in this way has high gain and wide bandwidth. present. Capacitor C53 to increase stability regarding these characteristics , C54 and a resistor R60 is used.

Since the circuit 190 is the apparent capacitance of the capacitor C56, the voltage at the terminal 189 is As the signal level decreases, i.e. the dynamic input of the compressor 137, It is a gyrator that effectively increases the amount of water. In this way, actually The response time of the compressor is quite long at low signal levels; circuit 190 speeds up the start time of the compressor at such low signal levels. This is because it effectively operates to increase the speed. For example, the input level of a rectifier When the drop from 30dbm to -30dbm, the time constant is 10.7Crect x IQ3 to 32.6'Crect x 10''.In the formula, Crec t is the effective capacitance connected to rectifier 186. This in turn leads to the gain set. effect on the response of the file. This is because gain cell 185 is controlled by rectifier 186. This is because that.

Any false tracking of low signals is thereby avoided or significantly reduced. child I would like to point out here that the compressor expander has a single total gain. In a compander device, this change in start time does not result in any overall gain error. It makes no difference, and the resulting gain or loss is also low signal gain. It turns out that this was Minox's mistracking. deer However, in this device where compression technology is mainly used, unity gain is not necessarily provided. These problems can be largely avoided because of the lack of

Therefore, the compressor operates at high gain when the input signal is small, but When an input signal is applied to lead 134, the circuit is activated to effectively reduce the gain. Make it less. However, an overload can cause a large signal at input 134 (e.g., ignition noise ) even when diode D3. D4. Due to the clamping action of D5 be excluded.

In addition, in terms of transient response, it is necessary for the compressor to recover from an overload condition. The time is determined by the capacitance coupled at terminal 189 of rectifier 186. You will understand. If the capacitor is smaller, the transient response (res ponse to transients), but in such a case Gain modulation can be applied to produce lower frequency THD. This system compares 1 small capacitance, i.e. 1 micrometer in capacitor C56 and circuit C190. Using Arad capacity avoids these problems. In fact, other people In the method, the THD generated by the compressor is the main circuit 190! Therefore effectively eliminated.

Furthermore, the compressor/expander devices that have been used so far have - There is a problem known as zinc. This is while the system is changing its payoff caused by occasional audible changes in background noise levels. It is. To avoid this problem, capacitor C54, resistor R60 and capacitor The resistor C58 and resistor R60 provide high frequency preamplification by appropriately changing the compression gain. Giving nfanos.

When adjusting the scale for operation of the circuit shown in FIG. 8, wiper 1 of potentiometer R74 94 uses an audible input signal to the Odb signal system with a 10kHz input. (adjusted to the appropriate THD) rim and calibrated by meter 145. Also DC trim potentiometer R77 is inserted to ensure that the sound quality burst is input to the system. The wiper 196 is adjusted to minimize the rebound of the envelope when you are kicked. There is.

The secondary dynamic compressor circuit 137 has an input signal of Odb up to 135 db. It is desirable to provide a dynamic pressure bath.

Referring now to FIG. 11, an automatic gain control (AGC) circuit 129 is shown. . Lead wire 140 carries audio frequency signals processed by secondary dynamic compressor 137. The output of the secondary dynamic compressor 137 is supplied to its rectifying stage, i.e. A feedback circuit to rectifier 186 and expander circuit 190 effectively tracks the voltage. and at the same time send the processed audible signal to the band output filter 152. do. The input of this AGC is fed to diode D6 for rectification, and then the electric field The signal is sent to the gate of an effect transistor (FET) 199. This gate and its gate A time constant delay circuit is connected between the lens electrode and provides a delay effect of the AGC circuit. It also includes a capacitor C65 placed in parallel with the resistor R8, O, and the second capacitor C66 is connected to circuit ground at one end, and capacitor C66 is connected to the FET at one end. Connected to the drain electrode.

The FET isolates the input with its high impedance and performs as its conductivity changes. By changing the level of the signal applied to the non-overturning input of the operational amplifier 0AIO, is biased to ground through resistor R81 and returned through resistor R82. the operational amplifier, thereby establishing control over the overall gain of the latter. connected to the output of the device.

The fall input is biased to ground through a resistor and is connected to a resistor R84. is connected via potentiometer R85, and other than the potentiometer one end and the wiper 201 are connected to a positive voltage by the terminal 203, i.e. 12v, d, c, is coupled to lead 202 which is supplied with It is controlled by the setting of 01. In addition, bypass capacitor C 68 couples all AC components on lead 202 to ground. lead Line 202 was connected to Riet line 203 to supply the operational amplifier with its operating voltage. Illustrated in the state.

A single pot is connected between the lead wire 202 and the output 204 of the operational amplifier. There is. Output 204 provides the AGC feedback coupling to the primary voltage compressor 27. Preferably, it is coupled directly to the Riet wire 128. One side of meter 145 is a resistor It is connected to ground via body R88. Potentiometer R86, R87 The wiper 2f) 5.206 allows setting the scale of the meter.

The meter displays the level of overall signal compression gain and therefore how much capacitance the system Displays the extent to which the stem is used. The meter is a moving coil type. In order to avoid changes in the display output that fluctuate significantly and are difficult to observe, the operational amplifier 0A Provides an averaging of instantaneous fluctuations in the output of the IO.

For proper operation, the wiper 201 is connected to the voltage supplied to the operational amplifier's tipping input. The normal fluctuation or potential fluctuation at the output 204 is determined by the level fluctuation from approximately +2 It is adjusted to allow within the range of +9 v, d, c, but these The potential is of a fixed magnitude on the primary voltage comprennosa 127.

In this way, the automatic gain control section 12 A feedback signal is given from 9 to the primary voltage combiner resistor 127. As a result negative secondary dynamic compressor 137. THD by controlling the primary voltage compression as a function of the compression provided. Provides the ability to control the amount of Feedback thus controls the overall dynamic compression. Not only does it work to control, but it also passes through the system in other ways as a result of THD. Control system bandwidth by limiting out-of-band harmonics that would otherwise be lost.

It is possible to speed up the secondary reaction for some of the things that are applicable to the present invention. , the feedback to the compressor 127 is due to excessive output of the secondary dynamic compressor 137. It operates to prevent overloads resulting from force, and overexcitation of the output is avoided. for example , the types of digital signals involved in data transfer require such fast reactions. Ru. Also, for data transmissions rather than voice transmissions, speech and other sounds typically contain A narrow bandwidth is included because the ability to handle existing harmonics is not required.

The amount of delay for the AGC delay path depends on each application of the present invention and the signal AGC time determination to be processed. Variations in the number of capacitor C65 and resistor can be changed by selecting various parts, etc. given by the body R80. Mochi: Various values. Obtain capacitance and resistance 6, <37f, Tsuke. 6. Instead of the resistor R80, a conventional composite switch (m It is also possible to use the ultiple 5w1ches). Capacitor C An example of an AGC delay provided by 65 and R80 is a desirable wide range. is 0. -010 seconds to 3 seconds: but in practice typically various types of audible signals. A delay of 0.3 to 0.5 seconds is sufficient for the signal. In general, delay is a data characteristic. For the transmission of signals with should be slower or longer for signals; 0.3 to 0.5 seconds. 碕. In this way, 1 in AGC feedback is expected to appear in the signal being processed. The LED 150 is also connected to the output 148 of the secondary dynamic compressor 137, thereby Displays the amount of compression achieved by compressor 137. Allows for peak compression operation. The LED 150 lights up normally for each control. Arrangements will be made to prevent this from continuing.

The output of the secondary dynamic compressor 148 that is monitored in this way is shown in the circuit diagram in Part 9. The output signal is supplied to a band-pass output filter 152 which is configured as follows.

Referring to FIG. 9, operational amplifier 0A11 is thus processed to The signal is received via a pair of capacitors C70 and C71. signal is supplied The non-tip input is also biased to ground via capacitor C72. It is. Node 108 between capacitors C70 and C71 is connected through resistor R89. is biased to ground, and is connected to the operational amplifier via capacitor C73. a feedback signal provided by the output of the device. Another return path is is directly applied to the non-tipping input via the antibody R90, and the non-tipping input is applied to the resistor R91. is biased to ground through. Falling input is capacitor C7 4 to circuit ground. Operational amplifier 0All and another operation A terminal 209 is provided to apply a DC operating voltage to the amplifier No. 8 12, Both of these amplifiers are equivalent to those on the market as type LM387. Preferably the main part of the integrated circuit. All power supply terminals are conventional bypass capacitors. It is connected to ground via sensor C74.

The output of operational amplifier 0AII is connected via capacitor C75 and resistor R92°R93. and is coupled to the non-overturning input of operational amplifier 0A12. The latter input is connected to resistor R94 and It is also biased to ground through capacitor C76. Increased calculation The feedback for width amplifier 0A12 is first connected to the node between the output and resistors R92 and R93. 210 by resistor R95. This node is It is coupled to ground via capacitor C77. Feedback is a condenser It is also directly applied to the non-tipping input via sensor C78. Operational amplifier 0AI2 falls over The power is connected to ground via capacitor C80. Operational amplifier 0A1 The output of 2 constitutes the output of the bandpass filter.

In this way, it has a high frequency part and a low frequency part, and the upper part of the low frequency is 30Hz, which is 3d. bO corner, 22db where the upper high frequency is 10kHz and is 3dbO corner A bandpass output filter is provided that advantageously provides a low frequency gain of . Points to emphasize is that the band output filter 152 is significantly larger than that of the band input filter 119. This means that they are now providing bandwidth. These corner frequencies and above The selection of the values of each component to obtain the band characteristics of That's probably the case.

As we have seen earlier, switch SW8 connects the input 148 of the band-pass filter to the output 1. When the switch SW8 is closed, the input The output is directly connected to the output, bypassing the bandpass filter. Processing narrowband signals for special purposes or without the need for pre- or post-processing waves. This is because an input band is required when The output of the band output filter 152 is Lead 155 feeds to a high level output stage 156, which It is shown in FIG.

According to FIG. 13, lead 155 couples the processed audio signal to capacitor C8. 1 to the input terminals of the integrated circuit amplifier IC4, with the nominal values shown in the following table. It is interconnected with the following parts:

Table 1■ R961kohm R97820kohm R98100kohm C810,1 mfdR99560kohm C8215mfdRI OO47kohm C8 325mfdR] O147kohm C840,01mfdRI02 1ko hm C851mfd terminal 2], 1 supplies power to the integrated circuit IC4, so the resistor For example, it is provided to supply an operating voltage of 12V, d, c through the body R99. There is. Amplifier circuit 156 actually provides buffering for circuit 115 and provides a buffer for oscilloscope, Various aids such as monitor display, frequency counter, spectrum analyzer etc. to provide a high level with a gain of e.g. 40 db useful for driving the device. It operates.

Bean Cannabis Weekly 1st Counterfeit Audio amplifier 70 is used to provide sufficient signal levels for audio processing and for processing processed signals. To ensure that the signals are provided to equipment 20 at levels typical of the telephone system, Provides a relatively low level of amplification.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the voltage gain for the circuit of the audio amplifier 70 as a function of frequency. The table shows the frequency response of the audio amplifier 70.

Audio amplifier 80 similarly presents a wide range of frequency responses. This amplifier is quite large It has the ability to provide a power gain of, say, several watts, allowing the system to Levels sufficient for telephone transmission on a 600 ohm line pair balanced to line 40 For example, even at low level inputs, Qd1), Q, 77 It is possible to give a signal of 5vrms.

"Voice" "Simply fake" The VOX circuit 60 can be based on any form within the design skills of general circuit designers. or may be of a known circuit arrangement; It is necessary that the switch operation is caused by the start and continuation of audio signal input. It will be done. ■A commercially available LS370 integrated circuit type differential controller is one of the preferred forms of the Ox circuit. This system uses a computational amplifier to realize an audio compression preamplifier that includes everything from reception to transmission. A voltage output can be provided to change the electronic switch of the stem. Such a circuit Gain controlled to provide proper audio processing and appropriate modulation levels. Contains the audio output of the operational amplifier.

Modulation Yo l key- The AM modulator-demodulator 50a provides a For example, to perform audio (1m) from a conventional IF multiplied signal at 455kHz, Preferably, it is of a traditional design as known using a peak detector.

The FM modulator-demodulator 50b uniformizes the bandwidth operation to a duration of up to ±5k) Iz. A narrowband version of a traditionally designed balanced mixer using a quadrature demodulator is effective for It is preferable that .

SSB modulator-demodulator 50c (this may also serve as a CW demodulator) ), a balanced mixer is combined with a product detector (producer d ecto'r).

If necessary, to supply the RF multiplied signal to the modulation sections of circuits 50a, 50b, and 50c. (A speed wave oscillator can be added as part of the system.

The input and output ports are lines L12a-1-, ], 2c, and l-13a. It combines signals between -1 and 130 and interconnects them to a coaxial transmission line. .

AM, FM associated with the modulator-demodulator portion of the system, as described above.

To implement the SSB and CW detection circuits, use a commercially available integrated circuit device with model number LM2. 73 and LM274 can be used.

The whole story is about the master.

For the sake of clarity, all but not all of the various power feeds or similar connections in this system are Naturally illustrated. In some cases, discontinuous integrated circuits and discontinuous components are used. It is being However, some of the separate commercially available types of circuit devices such as those mentioned above or replaces everything with high-density integrated circuits (LSI) or very high-density integrated circuits (VLSI) It is possible to

Digital processing circuits also add or increase certain similar processing circuits. It is also possible to

In addition, terminology has been used for clarity in describing the preferred embodiment. Please note that there is. However, this is limited to the terminology selected in this way. are not intended to be similar or functionally equivalent. or any other technical equivalent that accomplishes the same or equivalent purpose in a similar manner. It should be understood that it includes things of value. For example, “interconnected” or “Connected” is not limited to the meaning of directly connected, but This includes indirect connections or connections through intervening parts. Also “series” or "series circuit", "connected in series", etc., all of the various expressions are the same. means that the current must necessarily pass through each element so described. Rather than describing only one branch of the circuit, or the general characteristics of the network, should be interpreted as such.

Therefore, if the terminals of multiple elements of this circuit have a single path between two circuit notes, If configured, other elements are also connected to nodes in the middle of the path. However, for convenience of expression, these terminals are said to be in series.

If necessary in carrying out the invention, circuit blocks may be incorporated individually or in combination, or in blocks. It can be incorporated into a cabinetry. Figures 2 and 3 The various modules and blocks shown may be used alone or on a so-called “mother” board. is a type of multiple piece with a contact arrangement along one end to match the main frame. PCB combinations.

The standard here is cycles per second or hertz, but the cycle according to the present invention Data processing can also be performed by the route. Therefore, as measured conventionally within the band The number of bits or pulses, such as bits per second, is included within said criteria. It should be understood that

Fraud μmJ = JSJ’x Referring to FIG. 16, the system constructed as described above and generally shown in FIG. The system according to the invention comprises an audio processing device a, an audio processing circuit, and a suitable terminal. A processing and transmission device comprising device C is provided. Terminal equipment is part of the telephone system Or it can be part of an RF transmission system. Device A is a representative communication transmission line. (which may or may not include - to multiple RF links) Therefore, a corresponding processing having a receiving terminal device C', an audio processing circuit and an audio receiving device a' is provided. is shown connected to the control and receiving device B. In this way, the equivalent audio processing circuit is A and B. Transmitted audio if simplex transmission of the signal occurs Both the signal and the received audio signal are preferably processed according to the invention. but , such simplex transmissions may be difficult in some situations, even if they are otherwise stifling. It may not be possible to provide audio processing according to the invention at both ends of the system.

FIG. 17 shows the use of a system applying the present invention for duplex transmission. like this A processing and transmitting device A and a processing and receiving device are installed at one end of one or more transmission lines. Trusted device B is placed. to the corresponding devices placed at the ends of the opposite example ゛　 and B′ Therefore, simultaneous mutual communication is possible.

These devices are constructed as shown in FIG. 16 and as previously described in detail. Ru.

Regardless of whether simplex or duplex communication is carried out, the The system shown in FIG. are combined as part of this system. In this regard, the sound source is the line transmission link It can be at either end of the .

In this way, if the sound source modulates the line signal like AM, FM, SSB, etc. If it is in the intermediate amplification stage of a modulation system that provides an audible signal, it can be used for such modulation. The book aims to improve the intelligibility and clarity of audible signals that are Even if the sound source has a relatively narrow band of 3kllz or less, When transmitting the demodulated audio signal, which may also be of very limited bandwidth, Amplify and receive clarity and intelligibility from the modulated audible signal and even the normal human voice an intermediate amplification stage in a line-transmission receiver that restores the general characteristics of or other tonal signals; The same applies even if the In such use cases, the present system enhancing the characteristics of a transmitted or received signal to accomplish various purposes.

When audio processing according to the invention is used at each end of the transmission line, two The audio processing device of the effectively increase the phenomenon of When used at both ends, it is sent like this This system is used to process both the voice information sent and the voice information received. It not only improves the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio but also adds substantial range of motion. In fact, from the point of view of is given by this system. However, in a strict sense, this system is just a It is not an expander/expander (compander). Because compander is a signal A compressor at one point in the communication line, followed by a Experts at different points can supplementally increase the range of amplitudes to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. This is because it is a combination with

Regardless of which of the various situations mentioned above it is used, As we have seen fully in accordance with the various purposes of Ming, and as explained above, This new system not only improves the signal-to-noise ratio, but also reconstructs lost harmonics. It increases the intelligibility and enhances the characteristics of the signal that is processed through it. provides overall performance beyond that of a compander in the conventional sense. . If this new system is not used, various harmonics, especially the human voice Not only richness and quality, but also ordinary characteristics with authenticity. Characteristics of the normally heard human voice, including higher harmonics that give The harshness of a narrowband transmission is suppressed or reduced to the extent that it robs the transmitted signal of character and intelligibility. You will end up being left out a little. The processing of the audible signal according to the invention is harmonic related to the voice. It involves effectively reconstructing various attributes, whereby the processed signal is an audible signal that has a richness characterized by the presence of out-of-band harmonics returned to it , it brings about intelligibility with normal realism, especially for voices.

An effective way to operate this system is to first use a signal that would normally be amplified. This includes extracting or limiting certain out-of-band harmonics that may be present, including: and subsequent addition back to the signal to advantageously emphasize such harmonics. I can get it. The water used to cause this device to generate harmonics through resonance. It can also be compared to a crystal oscillator circuit. In a similar way, this device can listen to the human voice. harmonics back to the audible fundamental frequency. This statement is not well understood. Although the signals from various sources are processed through the use of the present invention, in the sense that it is best evaluated only in an objective auditory comparison between the signal and the unprocessed signal. It is an attribute.

In one practical example of the present invention, the user can control the gain of potentiometer R9. control to vary the wiper 159 and apply it to the −th order active frequency control circuit 123. Provides ready-to-use front-panel controls to control the level of the signal being transmitted. I can do that. Also, does the user have a botenti make-up? -<　161 and 165 of the primary active frequency controller 1'23 according to the type of signal processed by changing its position. Multiple control units are used to preselect the amount of gain between the low frequency part and the high frequency part. It is also possible to provide Furthermore, tone control potentiometer R48, R5 1 wiper is also used to preselect the response of the secondary active frequency control circuit 135. adjustable by the user.

Operation via the front panel is further controlled by the operational amplifier OA7 of the secondary dynamic compressor. T during operation of the secondary dynamic compressor 137 as well as for the total gain provided. Wiring of potentiometer R61 also allows selective response to control HD. Provided for par adjustment. Of course, as mentioned above, there is a switch for the operator to use. SW7.3W8 is placed, and a band input filter and a band output filter 119 are installed. ．． 152 selective use. In addition, the user can view the A controller 145 is provided.

L　E　l) The circuit values of drive circuits 131 and 149 are connected to each drive circuit and each other. Each L when the output of compressors 127 and 137 being read gives maximum compression. Each is chosen to energize ED133 and 150. LED like this 133 to obtain the primary active frequency control gain potentiometer R9. The operator adjusts the output of the primary voltage compressor 127 by lighting the LED 133. It is possible to reach its full maximum value as directed by

This 1°ED does not turn on when the primary combustor 127 is operating at less than full compression. It's not lit. LED 133 indicates that the signal being processed has reached its maximum peak size. Since the light only comes on when the It can be adjusted correctly. Similarly, the potentiometer of the secondary dynamic compressor 137 In the tower wiper 184, the LED 150 does not normally light up, but at the maximum peak signal level. Adjusted so that only the flash will emit a temporary flash.

The user must make 145 the extent to which the system is operating to the extent of its capabilities. The result is an indication of the overall performance of the system.

when audio signals are being processed by the system in connection with the use of meter 145; The display is such as to provide a visual indication of the average output voltage of the secondary compressor 137. However, it is noted that the meter also displays changes in dynamic audio content at the same time. child This display is particularly useful when a person's speech is being processed through the system. but Data signals are transmitted through this system, such as in the case of facsimile or teletype signals. When processed, the meter 145 calculates the average value from any provided dynamic variation pattern. It only gives an average reading. This is because the dynamic voltage peak is the moving coil of meter 145. This is because they appear too quickly to be tracked by the movement of the mold.

On the other hand, the indication given by LED 150 is that the signal exceeding the maximum compression obtained The rapid increase in the amount of water is all instantaneously displayed by flashing LEDs. .

Therefore, this system requires a relatively simple method to properly monitor its operation and determine its performance. Not only does it have multiple easy-to-understand displays (with minimal adjustments) It is recognized that this is not the case. In addition to this, the system can be controlled by using IC circuits. Compact, small and lightweight, can be easily stored in a cover or cabinet, and can also be used as needed. Since it can also be powered by batteries, it has a long operating life as well as complete portability. With regard to the practical application of the present invention to the telephone line system provided above, the present invention The circuit according to the present invention is realized in a relay circuit equipped with a most highly intricate computer. It works equally well in old-fashioned PBX applications as it does in traditional PBX applications. do. In fact, the voice processing phenomenon of the present invention is more traditional than that used in modern telephone systems. would be much better realized in this manner. The reason is the intelligibility and suspension of human voices. This is because the dynamic increase regarding tinctsine is usually not given any processing. This is because it will be much more noticeable in these methods. If according to the invention Once the operation of audio processing circuits is understood, traditional or standard Improvements regarding the compander are self-evident. Because it operates in RF communication mode. All the enhancement features of the system according to the invention obtained during This is because it will appear when interfaced to the formula and will be transferred to the land line. . The uniqueness of this new system allows it to replace old-fashioned switching equipment with traditional multiplex inline switches. The use of compander devices and filtering techniques can be used inexpensively for telecommunication applications. The present invention can be used to reduce It is a characteristic unique to this new system. provides the benefits of the latter traditional method in overall operating conditions.

TefujijjTLi? stomach By using this system, digitized information can be transmitted through standard narrowband telephone lines. can be extended to areas previously considered impractical or impossible. becomes. Such information is typically high-speed data due to the nature of computer links. It is. Available bandwidth allows this information to be delivered at a faster rate than was previously possible. Can be sent in degrees. Other applications require not only sharpness of seating but also distinction. Contains mixed communication that features voice characteristics similar to the +13 way quality of live broadcasts. .

Wireless transmission in the field of data communications where multiple repeaters and land line operation are used.

New systems can be used for both land-based transmissions and achieve very high levels of understanding. Achieve resolution.

Processing) A If the system according to the invention is inherently line-based (which may include an RF link as specified) The various signals transmitted by the voice, if 2 (is conveyed by data and is typically audible between 15 and 2011 “Audible” because it is intended to provide processing of signals that lie within the spectrum. The term "frequency" or "audible signal" is used. However, each source of the present invention The term includes frequencies or bit rates that are typically considered radio frequencies. ．． Can be used to design and operate circuits that process signals above 00011z It should be understood that Therefore, terms such as ``audio frequency signal'' should be interpreted uniformly. It shouldn't be.

Transmission regardless of frequency (the present invention is designed only for processing multiple received signals) Regarding the system, "audio processing" occurs either before or after transmission, so "processing" ``signals that have not been processed'' are signals that have not been A signal that has been received but has not yet been subjected to further processing by the processing circuit according to the invention. It is used to refer to.

Therefore, the circuit according to the invention now allows the "processed" signal to be transmitted before the "processed" signal is transmitted. "Not" will be used to process audio frequencies.

A signal that is improved upon reception is considered “unprocessed” at the receiving end and is At the receiving end, the processing circuit according to the invention again provides the "processed" signal, so that the signal is no longer usable. U2, which is a contradiction in terms, will be processed twice.

change The preamble contains a description of the best mode contemplated for carrying out the invention. , various changes are possible.

For example, varying the compression level of various circuits can be achieved with the compression circuit of the present invention. operating in expansion mode to increase dynamic range as needed rather than decrease it. The same is within the scope of the present invention. The system's circuitry is used in these modes. Sometimes within systems currently in place, secondary dynamic compressors 137 are typically To compensate for the high frequency pre-emphasis imparted by the High frequency de-emphasis is used where it occurs.

Various modifications may be made to the configurations herein described and illustrated without departing from the scope of the invention. Modifications may be made and therefore not included in the above description or shown in the seismic design. Anything given shall be construed as illustrative rather than restrictive +1. Barana stomach.

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Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. including interface circuitry and processing circuitry for use with transmission lines; In a signal transfer and processing system, the processing circuit is capable of transmitting the line to be processed. a signal input means for receiving the input signal and the processed signal for further use; and a signal output means for dynamically compressing the input signal to provide a primary compressed signal. a primary motion control means for controlling the relative level of the compressed signal; selectively within different frequency bands of the frequency control means for providing a compressed signal; and said frequency controlled primary pressure. secondary dynamic control means for dynamically compressing the compressed signal and thereby providing a secondary compressed signal; and a level of the second-order compressed signal between the second-order and second-order motion control means. feedback to limit the dynamic compression of the input signal as a function of increasing health. and a feedback means for providing a signal processed by the interface circuit. A line acts on the signal transmitted on the transmission line to automatically direct the signal to the processing circuit. so that the signal transmitted on the transmission line is processed. a signal converter including means for interconnecting said processing circuit to said transmission line; transport and processing systems. 2. In claim 1, it is provided that the interface circuit inputs an input signal and a ratio signal. further characterized by including switch means for sending both to said processing circuit. signal transfer and processing systems that can be 3. In claim 2, the interface circuit receives input signals or ratios. including line amplification means for amplifying the signal, said switch means for amplifying said input and ratio signals; a signal further characterized by providing routing through said processing circuit; Transfer and processing system. 4. In claim 2, the input and ratio signals are audio signals of an audible frequency. and further switches the ratio signal in response to the presence of the output true signal and passes it through the processing means. causing said switch switching to occur, and in response to the absence of a ratio signal, said switching means voice activated, adapted to switch an incoming signal to pass said processing means; A signal transfer and processing system characterized by switch means. 5. In claim 2, the incoming or outgoing signal is modulated by RF energy. When the key is on, a modulator-demodulator means is used to demodulate the incoming signal and modulate the ratio signal. characterized in that said switch means 2 and said modulator-decoupler of said input and ratio signals; a signal transfer and processing system adapted to provide routing through the regulating means; . 6. In claim 2, the transmission line is a telephone line, and the input and l) further characterized in that the signal comprises an audio frequency, said switching means telephone equipment and audio frequencies transmitted to and from said telephone equipment over said telephone lines; signal transfer and adapted to provide connection with said telephone line for wavenumber signal processing; processing system. 7. In claim 6, the processing means has a high impedance and an impedance. is a means for matching the high impedance to the low impedance inherent in the telephone line. – A signal that is further characterized by being matched to a dance. Transfer and processing system. 8. In claim 1, the secondary motion control means is configured to control the frequency-controlled primary motion. The compressed signal has a delay which is a function of the level of the signal just mentioned. further characterized by including means for effectively compressing response time. signal transfer and processing system. 9. In claim 8, the secondary motion control means has overturning and non-overturning differential inputs. a single output that provides an output signal that is a function of the difference between each signal applied to said differential inputs; one differential operational amplifier with power and an increase in the signal level at the output and g3 at said output. Gain control feedback that interconnects the forward input to reduce the gain relative to the input. a circuit and a voltage regulator means for averaging the signals provided to said secondary motion control means; and said rectifier means as a function of the average of said signal so provided. controlling the gain cell, the rectifier averages the capacitance and the capacitance Electronically magnify the effective size and compress operation start time provided above. and circuit means for changing low levels of the signal. and processing systems. 10. Claims, Clause 9, wherein the capacitance expander means is a fixed capacitor. one circuit containing a quantity and an active amplifier increasing said fixed capacitance to etc. and the operating term T unit means of the capacitance expander means has a non-tipping manual force and an output. at least one operational amplifier having a fixed capacitance of Signal transfer further characterized by a connection between an input and an output and processing systems. 11. In claim 1, it is provided that the first and second movement control means are capable of controlling overturning and non-overturning provides an output signal that is a function of the difference between the input and each signal supplied to the input just mentioned One differential arithmetic processor I with a single output and whose inputs receive each signal! ? i means for supplying a reference voltage to said non-overturning input; and means for supplying a reference voltage to said non-overturning input; one first return between said amplifier output and an overturning input including a rectifier circuit for rectifying; a return circuit and one interconnected with said rectifier circuit for averaging the rectified current; capacitance and increase the gain of the signal at the amplifier output and the amplifier output. providing a gain increasing feedback signal to the tipping input that is an exponential function of the average of the rectified current; the inverting input including one gain cell interconnected to the rectifier circuit; one second feedback circuit interconnecting the amplifier output and the inverting input; followed by one DC feedback circuit including a resistor for controlling the gain of the operational amplifier. Further comprising: a signal transfer and processing system characterized by: 12. In claim O, paragraph 1, the relative level of the processable signal is set to several values. by a primary frequency control means for selective control within different frequency bands. A signal transfer and processing system characterized by: 13. In claim 8, it is provided that the -missing frequency control means each has at least a low and a low frequency. The secondary frequency control provides control of the relative levels of signals within the high frequency band. The high frequency band of the control means is greater than that of the high frequency control means. has a cutoff value higher than that of the first order, thereby making the bandwidth of the second order This is further characterized by the fact that it is considerably larger than the bandwidth of the frequency control means. signal transfer and processing system. 14. In claim 12, each of the -order and secondary frequency control means Multiple active amplifier means for selectively amplifying signals in each frequency band; means for selectively controlling the gain of the active amplifier means for each frequency band; A signal transfer and processing system further characterized by comprising: 15. In claim 1, the second-order compressed signal is filtered, and approximately 3K providing a passband not exceeding Hz, thereby limiting the bandwidth of said processed signal; output bandpass filter means for limiting the bandwidth and filtering the processable signal; Provides a passband of no more than approximately 3 KHz, thereby allowing the processing Further characterization can be achieved by using input bandwidth (input bandwidth) signal transfer and processing systems that can be 16. In claim 1, the feedback means is in mutual contact with the output of the secondary motion control means. is connected to provide an automatic gain control voltage representative of the output level of the quadratic compressed signal. amplifier means having one input for providing, wherein said -lodging control means is comprising one gain cell and amplifier means controlled by said gain cell for providing compression; and the gain cell has one input and the output of the amplifier means is connected to the output of the swing control means. interconnected to the gain cell input for limiting the compression gain of said - oscillation control means; A signal transfer and processing system further characterized by having means. Mu. 17. In claim 16, it is provided that the feedback means Circuit for providing one delayed R-pole signal derived from a quadratic compressed signal A signal transmission and processing system further characterized by comprising: 18. Claim 1 provides that the knight is interconnected to the secondary motion control means and that the secondary motion control means is by display means for providing an averaged representation of the level of the compressed signal; , a further characterized signal transfer and processing system. 19. In claim 1, each interconnection with the above-mentioned and dynamic control means and a second display means for displaying the peak level of the dynamic compression. A further characterized signal transfer and processing system. 20. Interface circuit (A) and audio processing circuit for use with transmission lines In a signal transfer and audio processing system including a circuit (100), the processing circuit processes audio input means (113) for receiving an audible signal and a processed audible signal; filtering the audible signal to provide the signal for further use and to process the audible signal; The input bandpass filter is characterized by an input bandpass filter means for selectively limiting the bandwidth. Supplied from the auditory signal output means (117) and the -order bandpass filter device (123) Selectively control the relative levels of audible signals and vary the relative levels of audible dynamics. selectively control within the audible frequency band of number 1, thereby frequency control (31 primary active frequency control means (123) for providing a signal which is one for dynamically compressing a number-controlled signal and thereby providing a primary compressed signal. The next compression control means (127) control the relative level of the second compression signal in a number of different ways. selectively controls within the audible frequency band, thereby producing a frequency-controlled primary compressed signal. secondary active frequency control means (135) for providing and activating the last-mentioned signal; secondary motion control means (137) for compressing the ) and interconnected between said -order and secondary motion control means, and said secondary compression signal O record. limit the dynamic compression by the fall motion control means as a delay function of the increase in B in the feedback means (128, 129, 140) for filtering the secondary compressed signal; Output ()) band filter means (152, SW 8), wherein the output means performs the processing by the output band filter means. providing the secondary compressed signal as an audible signal, the interface circuit The audio input and the audio output means of the audio processing circuit No. 611 are mutually connected to the transmission line. so that the audio frequency signal transmitted by the transmission line is automatically transmitted to the audio processor. Directed through a logical circuit so that its processing is carried out said signal transfer and processing system comprising means (30) for. 21. Claim 20.5, wherein the interface circuit is connected to the transmission line. automatically route the incoming and outgoing signals transmitted by the audio processing circuit. switch means (RLla, RLlb , RL3a, RL3b, RL4) and said switching means in response to the presence of a ratio signal. act on the ratio signal to cause the ratio signal to pass through said processing means, and also to cause the ratio signal to pass through said processing means. responsively acts on said switching means to switch the incoming signal through said processing circuit; and voice-activated switch means (60) for causing the signal transfer and processing system. 22. In claim 20, since the transmission line is a telephone line, A signal transfer and processing system characterized by: 2. In claim 20, the secondary motion control means is one capacitance control device. the gain cells (1, 8, , 5) and the effective capacitance that controls the gain cells is varied. The compression of the frequency-controlled primary compression signal is performed by converting the level of the signal. Capacitive expander means (1,9 0), said capacitance expander means having one fixed capacitance (C50) and a decrease in the level of the last mentioned signal by equivalently increasing said capacitance. an active amplifier for providing said effective capacitance with a value that increases as a function of stages (OA8, OA9, 90), and the return means includes the lowering motion control means 2. providing a delayed feedback signal with a time constant ranging from 0.01 to 3 seconds; A signal transfer and processing system further characterized by: