JPS5925866Y2 - Composting equipment for sludge containing organic matter - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] The present invention relates to an apparatus for composting sludge by rapidly fermenting and decomposing sludge containing organic matter by aerobic bacteria in an aerobic atmosphere.

In general, sludge containing a large amount of organic matter includes sewage sludge, human waste treatment sludge, livestock excrement or its treatment sludge, industrial wastewater treatment sludge, etc., and various methods and devices have been disclosed for composting these sludges. However, when composting sludge, the physical characteristics of the sludge greatly affect the handling, fermentation, and decomposition processes, and it is important to create the optimal composting equipment that fully matches the characteristics of the sludge. Very important.

Among the physical characteristics of sludge, the plastic flow characteristics of sludge, which is the target of composting, are a major problem.

Composting treatment of sludge is usually carried out under an aerobic atmosphere, and for this purpose it is necessary to maintain sufficient air permeability and appropriate stirring.

However, in the case of methods based in the United States, due to the inherent plastic flow characteristics of sludge, suffocation due to pressure tightness during stacking, which hinders fermentation and decomposition of sludge, may occur due to mechanical agitation, etc. There was a concern that agglomeration was likely to occur, resulting in poor air permeability and loss of fermentation homogeneity.

In an attempt to resolve these difficulties, for example,
4-80883, in which fermentation is carried out in a plurality of shelves arranged above and below, has been proposed; However, as long as this method was used, the sludge could not be moved forward when the fermentation bed was leveled, and there was a strong possibility that it would lead to agglomeration.

The present invention was developed based on this current situation, and in order to efficiently utilize the space occupied at the time of installation, the sludge to be treated is transferred horizontally, and the inherent plasticity of sludge with respect to fermentation and decomposition in an aerobic atmosphere is improved. The purpose of the present invention is to provide an apparatus that can efficiently perform rapid composting treatment of organic sludge by eliminating obstacles caused by its fluid flow characteristics.

The apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail below.

When composting sludge in the device of the present invention, raw material sludge that has been subjected to pretreatment such as crushing, moisture adjustment, pH adjustment, or mixing with product compost to make it easier to ferment and decompose is supplied to the fermentation chamber. In the fermentation chamber, such raw material sludge is piled up in layers, usually about 1 to 2 meters thick, to prevent compaction or agglomeration due to thick piles, as seen in conventional cases. This is to maintain air permeability and ensure homogeneous fermentation.The raw material sludge layer thus created is transferred over a fermentation bed that has a shelf-like configuration in alternating directions, and the raw material sludge layer is transferred at each stage. Air is introduced from the bottom to promote aerobic fermentation and decomposition.

When the raw material sludge in each stage is successively moved from the upper stage to the lower stage, the raw material sludge falls and is reversed in each stage, and is stirred and mixed, so that homogenization progresses and air permeability improves.

Continuous stirring is not necessary in the fermentation of semi-solid substrates such as sludge, and continuous mechanical stirring tends to cause agglomeration and inhibits aerobic fermentation and decomposition. According to the structure of the oxidation equipment, the raw material sludge moves in an aerobic manner at each stage while being accompanied by an aerobic atmosphere due to air supply, and is further mixed and agitated appropriately as it falls from each stage to the lower stage. It promotes fermentation and decomposition of organic sludge while preventing problems caused by the plastic flow characteristics of raw sludge.

An example of the implementation of the specific device of the present invention will be explained based on the drawings. As shown in FIG. The fermentation chamber 1 is constituted by a plurality of moving fermentation beds 3 arranged horizontally in different directions.
The mobile fermentation bed 3 has a plurality of fermentation bed configuration rows 13 arranged in parallel,
These fermentation bed configuration rows 13, 13 all move forward by a certain stroke at the same time, and then each fermentation bed configuration row 13 moves back by the stroke that one or more fermentation bed configuration rows 13 advanced, and then the remaining fermentation bed configuration rows 13 also move back. The same movement is carried out several times, and all the constituent rows 13, 13 return to their original positions, and then all of them move forward by a certain stroke at the same time, and then they are divided into several sets of blocks, and one after another. The structure is such that everything returns to its original position repeatedly.

Then, by installing multiple stages of mobile fermentation beds 3 having the same structure and performing the same function so that each stage faces each other, the loaded raw material sludge can be smoothly transferred from the top stage to the bottom stage. It can be transported.

First, the raw material sludge 11 supplied into the fermentation chamber 1 from the feeding conveyor 2' is spread on the uppermost movable fermentation bed 3 to a layer thickness of 1 to 2 m, and the leveling device 5 is used to flatten it into a certain layer. It is kept thick and eliminates the concern of pressure and tightness due to excessive layer thickness.

The raw material sludge 11 on the mobile fermentation bed 3 slowly moves laterally on the mobile fermentation bed 3, which moves as described above by the drive of the fermentation bed configuration train drive device 4, until it reaches the tip of the mobile fermentation bed 3. At the same time, during the entire time during this transition, the air discharged from the aeration holes 7 provided in each fermentation bed configuration row 13 forming the mobile fermentation bed 3 creates an aerobic atmosphere, and the microorganisms in the sludge become raw material sludge. Aerobic fermentation is actively carried out using the fermentation medium as a medium, and it is most convenient to supply air to the mobile fermentation bed 3 by supplying air to the air supply holes 8 in each constituent row through flexible tubes or the like. .

In order to keep the layered thickness of the raw material sludge constant on the mobile fermentation bed 3, a rotary leveling device 5 is installed at the input section or the falling receiving section, and at the tip of the method, the layered thickness of the raw material sludge is A rotary scraping device 6 is installed to prevent the raw material sludge from falling down and to maintain a constant layer thickness on the lower floor even when the angle of repose of the sludge is exceeded. The raw material sludge is prevented from falling constantly, and the raw material sludge is caused to fall to the lower stage in an amount commensurate with the function of the drive device 4.

In this way, the raw material sludge is transferred from the top mobile fermentation bed to the lower stages one by one, and by the time it reaches the bottom stage, it has become suitable as a medium due to aeration, appropriate inversion, stirring, or mixing, and fermentation. This accelerates decomposition and makes good compost.

The generated compost is sent out of the fermentation chamber 1 by a discharge conveyor 10.

Another advantage of the device of the present invention is that the produced gas and surplus air generated in the fermentation chamber 1 are exhausted through the exhaust ports 9 provided in each stage, and the temperature within the fermentation chamber 1 can be adjusted in relation to this exhaust. It is a point.

As seen in one example of such implementation, raw material sludge is layered on a mobile fermentation bed in an aerobic atmosphere, and the fermentation bed is constructed in multiple stages in the vertical direction, thereby making it possible to transfer from the upper stage to the lower stage. Due to the agitation and mixing associated with appropriate reversal of the time and the static aerobic fermentation conditions at each rise, compared to conventional open piling or forced stirring using a conveyor, it is labor-saving or compact, and at the same time can be composted at high speed. It is possible to bring about change.

The fermentation bed configuration rows 13 forming the mobile fermentation bed 3 are a plurality of rows in parallel, and these rows move forward all at once or repeat the regression for each group as described above, thereby moving the raw material sludge toward the tip of the fermentation bed. However, the drive device 4 of this fermentation bed configuration row 13
Therefore, smooth operation can be achieved by using a hydraulic cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder, an electric cylinder, or a coaxial cam mechanism unit for the entire plurality of rows for each constituent row.

The main body frame 14 of each fermentation bed configuration row 13 has a hollow interior, and a plurality of air diffusers "JL7,
An air diffuser 15 equipped with an air diffuser 7 is provided, and this hollow main body frame is connected to an air supply pipe 16 equipped with an air supply hole 8. Furthermore, this air supply pipe 16 is connected to the drive shaft of the fermentation bed configuration row drive device 4. In particular, this connection part protects the drive device in the event of an unexpected overload during the movement of the fermentation bed, or in the case of an uneven load due to raw material sludge that causes axis misalignment. Universal joint 17 is used to smoothly transmit driving force.
It is desirable to connect by.

The air necessary for fermentation is supplied to the air supply hole 8 for each row of fermentation beds via a blower and flexible piping (none of which are shown), and then passes through the air supply pipe 16 to the hollow row of rows. The air is introduced into the main body frame 14 and sent into the raw material sludge through the air diffuser holes 7 of the air diffuser 15.

The movable fermentation bed 3 is supported by a support frame 19 that also serves as structural support for the main body of the fermentation chamber 1, and is reciprocated back and forth on this support frame 19 by a drive device 4. In order to achieve this, a slide shoe 18 is installed between the main frame 14, 14 and the support frame 19 of each fermentation bed configuration row 13, 13.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the operation of each constituent column forming a mobile fermentation bed. In this example, the case where there are five constituent columns is illustrated, but the scale of the fermentation chamber and the properties of the raw material sludge It goes without saying that the number is not limited to five, but can be set to an optimum number as necessary.

Each configuration column is as shown in the explanatory diagram: action ■, action II, action I.
One cycle consists of four operations, II and IV,
By repeating this cycle, the raw material sludge can be slowly and calmly transferred to the tip of the mobile fermentation bed without applying excessive mechanical force to the sludge.

45 bottles in each fermentation bed configuration row for explanation of each operation.

Assuming that the signs C, 2, and E are given, in operation I, first, the constituent rows A and E at both ends are retreated with a predetermined stroke, but at this time, the sludge is collected only in a small part of the divided fermentation bed. Due to this movement, the entire sludge body on the fermentation bed slips between the receding constituent surface and the bottom surface of the sludge body, and the sludge body remains in the same position without moving.

Next, in operation II, the opening and second constituent rows are moved back by a predetermined stroke, and the sludge body does not move at this time as well.

Furthermore, even if the remaining constituent rows are moved back by a predetermined stroke in operation III, the sludge body does not move in the same way.

Then, in operation IV, the five fermentation bed configuration rows A, O, C, 2, and E are simultaneously advanced by a predetermined stroke, and each fermentation bed configuration row is returned to the position immediately before the start of operation (■). At this time, since the entire fermentation bed moves, the entire sludge body is placed on the movable fermentation bed and can be moved forward by a predetermined stroke, and this stroke is Approximately 100-300 m
Practically preferred is m.

According to the present invention, in high-speed composting treatment of organic sludge,
Under an aerobic atmosphere, fermentation and decomposition are promoted without any problems caused by the physical characteristics of sludge, and processing can be carried out extremely efficiently. (a) By stacking and transferring sludge layers in a vertical manner, the land area occupied by the equipment can be reduced.

(b) Since forced mechanical stirring is not performed, the sludge does not form into lumps or become extremely fine, and fermentation is promoted in a homogeneous and aerobic atmosphere.

(C) By depositing the sludge with an appropriate layer thickness, pressure compaction is prevented, water vapor condensation does not occur in the middle layer of the deposited sludge, and non-uniform fermentation does not occur.

(d) Because each stage is ventilated, the blowing pressure is low and uneven ventilation does not occur.

(e) It is possible to adjust the amount of air supplied to each stage according to the fermentation process.

(f) The feeding speed of the fermentation bed can be adjusted for each stage, and the residence time can be adjusted to suit the fermentation process.

(g) Short-circuiting of the sludge to be treated in the fermentation chamber does not occur, and the quality of the produced compost is stable.

(h) It is mechanically stable because the drive is gradual.

(i) Since the fermentation chamber has a nearly closed structure, there is no scattering of odors and there is no concern about secondary pollution.

(j) Since the occupied space is rectangular, the site can be used effectively even when a large number of units are installed.

The present invention is not limited to one example of the embodiment described above, and all modifications or applications derived from these are included in the technical idea of the present invention. Needless to say, it is a thing.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of the apparatus based on the method of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a plan view of the movable fermentation bed, Fig. 3 is a side view, and Fig. 4 is the movable fermentation bed. The operating status of 4
FIG. 1... Fermentation room, 3... Mobile fermentation bed,
4...Fermentation bed configuration train drive device, 5...
Scraping device, 6... Scraping device, 7...
... air diffuser hole, 8... air supply hole, 9...
・Exhaust port, 11... Raw material sludge, 13...
・Fermentation bed configuration row, 14...Configuration row main body frame, 15...Air diffuser, 16...Air supply pipe, 17...Universal joint, 18...Slide shoe, 19...Support frame.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] A device that ferments and decomposes sludge containing organic matter in an aerobic atmosphere to produce compost.It is constructed of suitable materials, has a raw material sludge input port in the upper part, and a transport means for discharging the produced compost in the lower part. In addition, in a fermentation chamber with an appropriate number of exhaust ports in the middle, movable fermentation beds formed by aligning multiple rows of fermentation beds are placed horizontally cantilevered alternately from opposing walls. An appropriate number of protruding stages, at least two or more stages, are provided in the longitudinal direction, and each of the plurality of fermentation bed configuration rows forming these mobile fermentation beds is provided with an aeration mechanism for discharging air, Furthermore, each row of fermentation beds is equipped with a drive device to enable it to move forward or backward in a fixed stroke at the required speed, so that the rows of fermentation beds forming these mobile fermentation beds can be moved simultaneously for a fixed stroke. A control mechanism is provided so that the fermentation bed moves forward in unison, and then moves back in sequence in several groups. The apparatus has a structure in which a rotary scraping device is disposed at the tip, and the material sludge is kept at a suitable layer thickness as the fermentation progresses. Composting equipment.