JPS59111050A - Measurement of live body components - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To contrive to reduce an exclusive apparatus and expensive reagents to a large extent, by performing measurement of necessary all items by an electrode method to enable the rapid measurement of whole blood with high accuracy. CONSTITUTION:A whole blood specimen collected by a syringe 1 is injected in a dilution tank 2 in which pure water or a buffer solution containing no substance to be measured is preliminarily received and uniformly mixed by a stirrer 4. After a definite time, various electrolytes, ammonia, urea and nitrogen, glucose and uric acid are quantitatively distributed in cells 6-10 by the pump 16 cooperated with a distributor 5. Predetermined amounts of buffer solutions respectively optimum to the cells 6-10 are put in said cells 6-10 and, after distribution, the content of each cell is mixed and uniformized by a stirrer 28. In addition, electrodes 11-15 for electrochemicaly detecting respective components are inserted into the cells 6-10 and, after respective predetermined times, the signals from the electrodes 11-15 are outputted to CPU39 through an interface 38 and subjected to operation treatment.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an automatic quantitative measurement device that quickly and accurately measures a plurality of components of high importance in clinical chemistry tests using an electrode method with simple operations.

Conventionally, biological components in clinical chemistry tests have been measured using different measurement methods depending on the target substance, i.e., the photometric method has been used for inorganic electrolytes, and the colorimetric method has been mainly used for biochemical component analysis of organic substances. However, in both cases, serum separation,
Requires pre-treatment such as protein removal ~ There are disadvantages such as large amount of sample required and long time required for analysis.On the other hand, with the recent development of electrochemical measurement technology, there are many anions and cations in electrolytes. It has become possible to measure ion species using ion electrodes. In addition, in biochemical analysis, a measurement method that utilizes the low substrate specificity of enzymes has been developed, and an immobilized enzyme method has also been developed as a method that is easy to handle and uses enzymes with high efficiency, and has already been used for dedicated analysis. Some devices are now on the market.

However, currently there are no devices on the market that can automatically measure electrolyte ions and organic components simultaneously in whole blood.
It is hoped that this will be realized in the clinical chemistry testing department.

The inventors of the present invention made extensive studies in view of the above situation, and as a result, they discovered that continuous automatic analysis of a plurality of components can be performed using a simple procedure, and arrived at the present invention.

That is, in the present invention, a whole blood sample is diluted in advance with a buffer solution or pure water, then quantitatively dispensed into a measurement cell containing a fixed amount of buffer solution adjusted for measuring biochemical components, and then using an ion electrode and an enzyme electrode. A method for measuring biological components is characterized in that biochemical components are measured in each measurement cell.

Biochemical components measured in the present invention include electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and chlorine, blood ammonia, urea nitrogen, glucose, and uric acid.

The present invention uses whole blood to measure all of these components using an electrode method, so biological components can be detected quickly and accurately without causing changes in the hydrogen ion concentration (PH) of the sample or accompanying changes in the concentration of ions such as calcium. It has the feature of being able to perform quantitative analysis. In the present invention, the term "whole blood sample" refers to blood itself collected from a living body, that is, blood from which components have not been separated, such as serum or plasma.

Next, the present invention will be explained in more detail using the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of implementation of the present invention. A whole blood sample collected with a syringe is directly injected into the dilution tank from an injection port provided in the dilution tank. A buffer solution that does not contain pure water or a substance to be measured is pre-filled in the container, and is mixed uniformly by a stirrer at the same time as the injection.

After a certain period of time, the pump 16 in conjunction with the dispenser S removes various electrolyte measurement cells, ammonia measurement cells, and biochemical component measurement cells, such as the urea nitrogen measurement cell 13,
A fixed amount is dispensed into the glucose measurement cell/44 and the uric acid measurement cell ls.

A predetermined amount of an optimal buffer solution is placed in each cell in advance, and after dispensing, the liquids placed in each cell are immediately mixed and homogenized by rotation of the stirrer 2g. Further, electrodes (//~is) are inserted into each cell to electrochemically detect the respective components to be measured, and after a predetermined time, signals from each electrode are sent to the arithmetic unit (o, p) through the interface 3g. , u) sent to J 9 for calculation processing. When the measurement is completed, the solution in the cell is discharged to the drain tank 37 by the drain pump, and then pumped to the drain tank 37 for 7 degrees. A fixed amount of pure water is sent to all the cells by the /6 and the dispenser S and stirred at the same time to clean the inside of the cells.

The blood sampling syringe used in the present invention may be of any type, but in view of the small volume of whole blood required and the need for accurate quantification, a thin and long type, such as one for tuberculin, is preferred. Furthermore, an anticoagulant such as heparin may be added to the blood sample prior to blood collection.

The dilution tank is configured to be filled with a predetermined amount of buffer solution or pure water before the entire sample is placed therein. In addition, the dilution is adjusted to be performed under anaerobic conditions, which prevents changes in the pH of the sample due to the dissolution of carbon dioxide gas in the air when air is present in the sample system. Blood ammonia is accurately quantified. The dispenser for dispensing the diluted sample may be of any type, such as a multi-cock type or a cylinder type. FIG. 3 is an example of a multi-way cock type dispenser.

Each component measurement cell is preset with electrodes for electrochemical detection, that is, an ion electrode and an enzyme electrode, and a buffer solution corresponding to each. This is determined in consideration of the effect of increasing activity, but the present invention is not particularly limited to this. ◎Each measurement cell has a diluted sample inlet, a buffer inlet, and a test solution outlet. Preferably, as shown in FIG. 1, it is preferable to fill the dilution tank with a buffer solution to minimize the dead space, and to replace the tank with nitrogen. Figure D is a conceptual diagram of the motor and each measurement cell viewed from above, and Figure S is a schematic diagram of the motor and each measurement cell viewed from the side.

In other words, there is a stirrer inside the measurement cell, and it is possible to rotate each cell with a motor, but it is also possible to use a solid heater containing a rotor M as shown in Figures 1 and 2. By arranging the stirrers in a circle surrounding the rotor and simultaneously stirring the stirrers in a plurality of measurement cells, significant improvements such as compactness of the device, reduction in motors, and prevention of electrical noise can be achieved. In this case, a disc-shaped stirrer is preferable as the stirrer. Any device such as a water tank or aluminum block may be used to maintain the temperature of the measurement cell, but it is preferable to use an aluminum block. If the buffer solution is placed in a sub-tank in the constant temperature bath and kept constant in advance, the measurement time can be shortened and temperature unevenness in the measurement cell can be prevented.

The electrodes 1i-1t for electrochemical measurement are, for example, a sodium ion electrode, a potassium ion electrode, a calcium ion electrode, a chloride ion electrode, an ammonium ion electrode, and a membrane in which the enzyme urease is immobilized on a cellulose triacetate membrane, respectively, as a detection part of a diaphragm type ammonia electrode. An enzyme electrode with urease enzyme electrode attached to the membrane, an enzyme electrode with the enzyme glucose oxidase immobilized on an acetyl cellulose membrane and mounted on the surface of a platinum electrode, an enzyme electrode with uricar oxidase immobilized on a platinum electrode, etc. can be used. By using the electrode method to measure all the items necessary for measurement, it is possible to measure whole blood, and it also eliminates the specialized equipment and expensive reagents required by conventional methods (light method and colorimetric method). The reduction can be measured.

As explained above, the present invention makes it possible to accurately measure multiple items of high importance in clinical chemistry tests using simple operations on serum or whole blood samples by developing a method for diluting and dispensing specimens. It has the effect of making it possible.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 shows an example of a biological component analyzer according to the present invention. Fig. 2 shows an example of a cell used in the device, Fig. 3 shows an example of a multi-way cock, Fig. The figure is a schematic side view of an example of the arrangement of cells and motors. l...sample injector c...dilution cell 3...stirrer da...stirrer j...dispenser
6~IO...Measurement cell l/~tS...Measurement electrode /A...Sample dispensing pump 77~koλ...
Dilution pump 3~col... Buffer replenishment pump λri... Drainage pump S... Stirrer 9~J...
Sub-buffer tanks 33 to 36... Main buffer tank J7... Drain tank 3g... Interface 39... Arithmetic unit (opu) lIO
...Printer Q/-1ψ heat block L2...
・Dilution injection tube DA J...Diluted blood discharge tube σ N...Magnet north pole l...Magnet S pole Patent applicant Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. agent Patent attorney Akira Yoshizawa Fu-+2 figures+3 figures+4 figures +5 figure

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] l) A whole blood sample is diluted with a buffer solution or pure water, and then dispensed in a fixed amount into a measurement cell containing a fixed amount of buffer solution adjusted for measuring biochemical components, and an ion electrode and an enzyme electrode are attached. A biological component measuring method characterized in that each biochemical component is simultaneously measured in each measurement cell using the enzyme electrode. A measuring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: 3) A patent characterized in that each measurement cell is equipped with a stirrer at its bottom, arranged in a circle in a constant temperature bath, and a plurality of test solutions in the cells are simultaneously stirred by the rotation of a single magnet in the center. A measuring method according to claim 1.