JPS588505B2 - Seidenkazougenzouyoutona - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a toner for developing electrostatic images in electrophotography, electrostatic recording, electrostatic printing, and the like.

Methods for developing electrostatic images are broadly divided into liquid development methods that use a developer in which various pigments and dyes are finely dispersed in an insulating organic liquid, cascade methods, bristle brush methods, magnetic brush methods, and impression methods. There are so-called dry developing methods, such as the powder cloud method, which use a fine powder developer called toner in which a coloring agent such as carbon black is dispersed in a natural or synthetic resin, and the present invention is applicable to the latter dry developing method. This is related to toner.

Generally, toner deteriorates after being developed several thousand times due to mechanical abrasion due to shearing force and impact force applied during mechanical operations in a developing device.

In order to prevent such toner deterioration, it is possible to use a strong resin with a large molecular weight that can withstand mechanical abrasion as a component of the toner, but these resins generally have a high melting point and are finely powdered. This is difficult when producing toner.

Therefore, in order to fuse toner containing such a resin with a high melting point to a fixing sheet, for example, if a non-contact heating device using an electric furnace is used as a fixing device, the thermal efficiency of this fixing device is low, so a sufficient amount of heat is required. No fixing occurs and operation at higher temperatures is required.

Therefore, the power consumed for fixing increases and the sheet to be fixed becomes discolored or burnt, and there is also a limit to the fixing speed.

On the other hand, when a pressure heating device using a heating roller is used as a fixing device, the surface of the heating roller and the toner image on the sheet to be fixed come into pressure contact, so the thermal efficiency is extremely high, compared to a non-contact heating device. Although it has the advantage of being able to fix quickly with less thermal energy, when the surface of the heating roller and the toner image come into pressure contact, the toner tends to adhere to the surface of the heating roller and cause so-called offset development, so this phenomenon cannot be prevented. Therefore, the surface of the heating roller must be made of a material with excellent release properties for toner, such as fluorine-based resin, and a release agent such as silicone oil must be applied to the surface of the heating roller by means such as coating. There is a need.

Moreover, fluorine-based resins are generally non-conductors when it comes to heat, so in order to fix toners containing resins with high melting points at a higher speed, it is necessary to keep the temperature of the heating roller high. It is necessary to increase the supply of thermal energy.

However, fluorine-based resins deteriorate rapidly and have limited durability when used continuously at high temperatures and under load. For example, Teflon (manufactured by DuPont), a typical fluorine-based resin, It must be used at temperatures below 200°C to 230°C.

There are also difficulties in using silicone oil at high temperatures.
The lubricating materials for the bearings of heating rollers and pressure rollers are also subject to heat resistance limitations.

Furthermore, in order to maintain the temperature of the heating roller at a high temperature, a large amount of electric power is required, and a power distribution from a special power source is required.

On the other hand, if a resin with a relatively small molecular weight is used as a toner component, the toner image can be fused to the fixing sheet at a relatively low temperature. A coating tends to form on the surface of the developer carrier, degrading the resulting image and shortening the life of the photoconductor and developer carrier.

A further drawback is that they tend to cake or agglomerate during storage or mechanical operation.

It is an object of the present invention to be able to fuse onto a sheet to be fused at a relatively low temperature, not to form a film on the surface of the photoconductor or developer carrier, to withstand mechanical abrasion, and to be able to fuse at a constant temperature with a heated roller. It is an object of the present invention to provide a toner for developing an electrostatic image which can be fixed at high speed without causing an offset phenomenon when fixedly viewed using a fixing device.

The present inventor has provided at least one selected from (a) a coloring agent, (b) a sterene resin, (c) a low molecular weight olefin polymer, a fatty acid ester or a partially saponified product thereof, an alkylene bis fatty acid amide, a high melting point paraffin wax, and a liquid paraffin. 1 type of compound and (b) about 40°C to 14°C
It has been found that a toner for developing electrostatic images containing a plasticizer having a melting point of 0° C. achieves the above object.

By using the toner for electrostatic development according to the invention, the toner image can be titrated at relatively low temperatures using a contact heating device, particularly preferably a heated roller fixing device, so that the consumption is low. To enable faster fusing using electric power and to use a material with a lower heat resistance limit as the heated roller material, thereby significantly improving its durability and thereby facilitating the design of an ultra-high speed copying machine. It has the advantage of being able to

Any suitable pigment or dye can be used as a colorant in the toner according to the invention.

Examples include carbon black, nigrosine dye, aniline blue, calco oil blue, chrome yellow, ultramarine blue, DuPont oil red, quinoline yellow, methylene blue chloride, phthalocyanine blue, malachite green oxalate, lamp black, rose bengal and mixtures thereof. They need to be included in the toner in an amount sufficient to color the toner so that it can be developed to form a visible image.

In the toner according to the present invention, a sterene resin is used as a resin component.

The sterene resin may be a homopolymer of sterene,
It may also be a copolymer of other vinyl monomers and sterene.

Monomers for forming these copolymers include p-chlorostyrene, vinylnaphthalene, e.g. ethylene,
Ethylenically unsaturated monoolefins such as propylene, buterene, and isobuterene, vinyl esters such as vinyl chloride, vinyl bromide, vinyl fluoride, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl benzoate, vinyl butyrate, such as methyl acrylate, acrylic Ethyl acrylate, n-pter acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, 2-chloroethyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, methyl a-chloroacrylate, methyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, methacrylate Esters of a-methylene monocarboxylic acids with monocarboxylic acids, acrylonitrile, methacrylic nitrile, acrylamide, vinyl ethers such as vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether, vinyl isopterate, such as vinyl methyl ketone, vinyl These include vinyl ketones such as hexyl ketone and methyl isobropenyl ketone, and N-vinyl compounds such as N-vinylpyrrole, N-vinylrubazole, N-vinylindole, and N-vinylpyrrolidene. Two or more types can be copolymerized with a styrene monomer.

The suitable styrenic resin has a weight average molecular weight of about 3000 or more, and the styrenic content thereof is preferably at least about 25% based on the total weight of the styrenic resin.

A thermoplastic resin system in which a sterene resin is mixed with other resins can also be used as the resin component of the toner according to the present invention.

Other resins that can be mixed with styrenic resins include:
Vinylnaphthalene, such as vinyl chloride, vinyl bromide,
Vinyl esters such as vinyl fluoride, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl benzoate, vinyl butyrate, such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, dotesyl acrylate, n-acrylate Octel, 2-chloroethyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, methyl a-chloroacrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate,
Esters of a-methylene resin group monocarboxylic acids such as butyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, methacrylic nitriles, acrylamide, vinyl ethers such as vinyl methyl ether, vinyl isobutyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether, e.g. vinyl methyl ketone , vinylketones such as vinylhexylketone, methylisopropenylketone, and N-vinyl compounds such as N-vinylpyrrole, N-vinylrubazole, N-vinylindole, and N-vinylpyrrolidene. Polymerized homopolymers, copolymers copolymerized by combining two or more of these monomers, or non-polymerized polymers such as rosin-modified phenol-formalin resins, oil-modified epoxy resins, polyurethane resins, cellulose resins, and polyether resins. There are vinyl and thermoplastic resins.

When these resins are used in combination with a styrenic resin, the two should be mixed in such an amount that the styrene component is present at least about 25% by weight, based on the total weight of the resulting resin. It is preferable to do so.

The reason for this is that as the resistance to mechanical wear increases,
This is because it has excellent mold releasability against a heating roller.

The toner according to the present invention contains at least one compound selected from the following five groups.

These compounds play a role in preventing the toner from adhering to the heating roller surface and causing an offset phenomenon, and are generally used in amounts of 1 to 100 parts by weight of the resin component of the toner.
It is desirable that the content be 25 to 25 parts by weight.

The first group of compounds is a low molecular weight olefin polymer,
An olefin polymer or copolymer containing only olefin as a monomer component, or an olefin copolymer containing a monomer other than olefin as a monomer component, which has a relatively low molecular weight. .

Examples of olefins as monomer components include ethylene, propylene, butene-1, pentene-1, and hexene-1.
1, heptene-1, octene-1, nonene-1, decene-1 or their homologues with different positions of the unsaturated bond, or for example 3-methyl-1-butene, 3-methyl-2-pentene, 3-propyl All kinds of olefins including those having an alkyl group introduced as a branched chain such as -5-methyl-2-hexene are included.

In addition, monomers other than olefin that form a copolymer with olefin include, for example, vinyl methyl ether, vinyl-n-butyl ether,
Vinyl ethers such as vinyl phenyl ether, vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate and vinyl ptylate, haloolefins such as vinyl fluoride, vinylidene fluorite, tetrafluoroethylene, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, tetrafluoroethylene, etc. , such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, N,N-
Acrylic esters or methacrylic esters such as dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and t-butylaminoethyl methacrylate; acrylic type derivatives such as acrylonitrile and N,N-dimethylacrylamide; such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid; A variety of acids can be used, such as organic acids such as fumaric acid and itaconic acid, diethyl fumarate, and β-pinene.

The weight average molecular weight of these low molecular weight olefins is 10
000 or less is effective, and about 3000 to 8
Those having a weight average molecular weight of 0.000 are effective in the present invention.

In general, those with a large molecular weight are compatible with styrene resins.
It is not desirable for use in the present invention because of its low properties and dispersibility.

The second group of compounds are fatty acid esters or partially saponified products thereof having a melting point of about 30 to 130°C, and are esters obtained by reacting saturated or unsaturated fatty acids with saturated or unsaturated aliphatic alcohols. or their esters are partially saponified with hydroxides of metals such as sodium, calcium, magnesium, lead, aluminum, barium, and zinc.

The fatty acids used as raw material components may be either lower or higher (for example, valeric acid, bocaproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, cabric acid, undecylic acid, lauric acid, tridecylic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid). , nondecylic acid, arahinic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid tanonic acid, dotriacontanonic acid, tetratriacontanonic acid, hexatriacontanonic acid, octatriacontanonic acid, tuccinic acid, Linderic acid, lauroleic acid,
Tuzuic acid, myristoleic acid, zomarinic acid, brasidic acid, ceracoleic acid, linoleic acid, noleic acid, eleostearic acid, linoleaidic acid, valinaric acid, arachidonic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, acelain Examples include sebacic acid, dicarboxylic acid having a methylene group having 9 to 19 carbon atoms, and the like.

In addition, the aliphatic alcohols as other raw material components may be either lower or higher like fatty acids, and may be monohydric alcohols or polyhydric alcohols, such as methanol alcohol, ethyl alcohol,
proyl alcohol, buter alcohol, aluminum alcohol, cabroyl alcohol, caprylyl alcohol, caprylic alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, ceter alcohol, stearyl alcohol,
Arachyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, carnarbyl alcohol, seryl alcohol, coryanyl alcohol, mericyl alcohol, lactyl alcohol, allyl alcohol, crotyl alcohol, 2-butenol
1,2-pentenol-1,3-hexenol-1,2
-heptenol-1, 10-undecenol-1, 11
-Dodecenol-1, 12-tridecenol-1, oleyl alcohol, elaidyl alcohol, linoleyl alcohol, linolenyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, ■
,3-butanediol,■,4-butanediol,2,
3-butanediol, 2-butene-1,4-diol,
1,5-pentanediol, 2,4-pentanediol, ■,6-hexanediol, 2,5-hexanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-pentanediνol, 2,
4-hebutanediol, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, 2-ethyl-2-butyl-1,3-propanediol, hexadecane-1,1,2-diol, octadecane-1,2-diol, eicosan-diol 1,2-diol, docosane-1,2-diol, tetracosane-
Examples include 1,2-diol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, glycerin, pentaerythritol, and sorbitol.

However, when either the fatty acid or the aliphatic alcohol is lower grade, those in which the other is higher are particularly well suited for use in the present invention.

In other words, among these esters composed of fatty acids and aliphatic alcohols, fatty acids with a total number of carbon atoms of 5 or more are desirable, and esters with a total number of carbon atoms of 20 or more are particularly preferred. Gives good results in invention.

In the present invention, these fatty acid esters or partially saponified products thereof may be used alone, or a mixture consisting of a mixture of various fatty acid esters, or fatty acid esters and partially saponified products thereof may be used. You may use it as a mixture consisting of a composition mixed with.

In the present invention, commercially available fatty acid esters or partially saponified products thereof can be effectively used, and many of these commercially available products have the composition of a mixture as described above.

Typical commercially available products include the following.

Fatty acid lower alcohol ester butelstearate (manufactured by Kawaken Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd.) Bunalstearate (manufactured by Kao Soap Co., Ltd.) Fatty acid polyhydric alcohol ester Nissan Power Star Wax-A (manufactured by Nippon Oil & Fats Co., Ltd., glycerol tree 1,2- Hydroxystearate) Diamond wax (manufactured by Shin Nihon Rika Co., Ltd.) Castor hard (manufactured by Kawaken Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd.) Higher alcohol ester of fatty acids spam acetate (manufactured by NOF Corporation, ceter palmitate) Hoechstwatx-E (manufactured by Hoechst Japan Co., Ltd., Monkun) ethylene glycol ester of acid) Hoechst Wax-〇P (manufactured by Hoechst Japan Co., Ltd., partially saponified product of butylene glycol ester of mongcinic acid) Partial ester of fatty acid and polyhydric alcohol Monogly-M (manufactured by NOF Corporation, a- Glycerol monostearate) Fatty acid monoglyceride R-60 (manufactured by Matsumoto Yushi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.,
Stearic acid monoglyceride) Fatty acid monoglyceride R-80 (manufactured by Matsumoto Yushi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., oleic acid-stearic acid monoglyceride) Rikemar-S-200 (manufactured by Riken Vitamin Oil Co., Ltd., glyceris stearate) Rikemaru B-100 (manufactured by Riken Vitamin Oil Co., Ltd.) (manufactured by Riken Vitamin Oil Co., Ltd., glycerin monobehenate) Rikemar-11 S-300 (manufactured by Riken Vitamin Oil Co., Ltd., sorbitan monostearate) Rikemaru PS-100 (manufactured by Riken Vitamin Oil Co., Ltd., propylene glycol monostearate) ATMLU-T-95 (Manufactured by Kao Atlas Co., Ltd., high purity monoglyceride) Mixed ester VLTN-4 (manufactured by Kawaken Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd.) VLT-L
(manufactured by Kawaken Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.) K-3Wax (manufactured by Kawaken Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.) Rice wax (manufactured by Noda Wax Co., Ltd.) The third group of compounds are alkylene bis fatty acid amide compounds having a melting point of about 100 to 180°C, such as the following: The following can be cited as a representative example.

1. C1oH21CO-NH-(CH2)5-NH-O
CC10H212. C11H23CO-NH-(CH2
)4-NH-OCC11H233. C13H21CO-
NH-(CH2)2-NH-OCC18H374. C1
0H21CO-NH-(CH2)2-NH-OCC14
H295. C15H31CO-NH-(CH2)2-N
H-OCC15H316. C17H35CO-NH-C
H2-NH-OCC, 7H357. C17H35CO-
NH-(CH2)2-NH-OCC15H318. C2
3H47CO-NH-CH2-NH-OCC15H31
12. C12H41CO-NH-CH2-NH-OCC
21H4114. C17H35CO-NH-(CH2)
3-NH-OCC17H31 Examples of commercially available alkylene bis fatty acid amide compounds include the following.

Bisamide (manufactured by Nitto Kagaku Co., Ltd.), Plastoflow (manufactured by Nitto Kagaku Co., Ltd.), Diatsudo 200 Bis (manufactured by Nippon Hydrogen Co., Ltd.),
Lubron E (manufactured by Nihon Jidosha Co., Ltd.), Alflo H50S (manufactured by Nihon Yushi Co., Ltd.), Alflo V-60 (manufactured by Nihon Yushi Co., Ltd.),
Amaido 6L (manufactured by Kawaken Fine Chemicals), Amaido 7S (manufactured by Kawaken Fine Chemicals), Amaido-6
H (manufactured by Kawaken Fine Chemicals), Armowac E
BS (manufactured by Lion Armor), Hoechst Wax C (
(manufactured by Hoechst), Nobukowax-22DS (manufactured by Nobuko Chemical), Advafutsu-280 (manufactured by Advance), Kaohwax-EB (manufactured by Kao Soap Company), and Parisin-285 (manufactured by Baker-Castor Oil).

The fourth group of compounds is high melting paraffin wax,
It is desirable that the compatibility with the styrene resin component is as large as possible, and the weight average molecular weight is about 400.
Paraffin wax having a relatively high melting point of about 70 to 130° C. can be effectively used in the present invention.

Examples of such high melting point paraffin wax include microwax, which is a natural product, and Huitscher-Tropsch wax, which is a synthetic product.
Furthermore, oxidized products or oxidized products of these are also included.

In addition, examples of commercially available high melting point paraffin waxes include the following.

Sasol Wax HL (manufactured by Sasol Marketing Company) Sasol Wax AI (manufactured by Sasol Marketing Company) Sasol Wax A2 (manufactured by Sasol Marketing Company) Microcrystalline Wax #220 (manufactured by Mobil Oil Company) 1700 micro Paraffin (manufactured by Nippon Oil Co., Ltd.) Suntite A (manufactured by Seiko Kagaku Co., Ltd.) 2,2-Tritetracontanone (manufactured by Tokyo Kasei Co., Ltd.) The fifth group of compounds are liquid paraffins, which are saturated or unsaturated liquids at room temperature. It is paraffin.

Generally, many commercially available liquid paraffins have a composition mainly composed of saturated paraffin and some unsaturated paraffin.

Examples of these commercially available products include the following.

Unico H-150 (manufactured by Union Oil Company)
Unico H-160 (manufactured by Union Oil Company)
Unico H-260 (manufactured by Union Oil Company)
Unico H-350 (manufactured by Union Oil Company)
Crystol-355 (manufactured by Etsuo Standard Oil Co., Ltd.) Smoil P-350 (manufactured by Matsumura Sekiyu Co., Ltd.) Daphne Oil CP-50 (manufactured by Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.) Contains plasticizers with melting points.

This plasticizer plays the role of lowering the fusing temperature of the toner, and by coexisting with the five groups of compounds mentioned above,
It plays a role in improving the dispersibility of various additives such as dyes and pigments in toner.

Furthermore, it is possible to prevent the toner from forming a film on the photoconductor surface or the developer carrier surface, and it is possible to prevent the toner from caking or agglomerating during storage and machine operation.

Such plasticizers include, for example, dicyclohexyl phthalate, which is an ester of O-phthalic acid or m-phthalic acid, diphenyl phthalate, dihydroabiethyl phthalate, jetoxyethyl phthalate, dimethyl isophthalate, and benbrozoic acid. Ester triethylene glycol dibenzoate, pentaerythritol tetrabenzoate, sugar rose benzoate, glyceryl tribenzoate, citric acid ester tricyclohexyl citrate, sulfonic acid amide P-toluenesulfonamide, N-ethyl-P-toluene Examples include sulfonamide, N-cyclohexy-P-toluenesulfonamide, triphenyl phosphate which is a phosphoric acid ester, and chlorinated paraffin, chlorinated polyphenyl, polyethylene glycol, and the like.

The amount of these plasticizers contained in the toner is 1 to 45 parts by weight, preferably 2 to 20 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the resin component of the toner.

Various other toner additives can be added to the toner according to the present invention, if necessary.

The toner image formed on the fixing sheet using the toner according to the present invention does not cause the toner offset phenomenon even when a fixing roller that does not supply offset prevention liquid to the surface of the fixing roller is used, and the temperature is relatively low. This allows efficient and good heating roller fixation.

The surface of the fixing roller can be made of, for example, Teflon,
Fluorine-based resins such as Fluon (manufactured by ICI) and Kelu-F (manufactured by 3M), or relatively hard silicone rubber such as KE-130ORTV (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical), and in some cases metal. Those with surfaces are effectively used.

Next, the present invention will be illustrated by examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

In the examples, the number of copies is expressed by weight unless otherwise specified.

Example 1 100 parts of Picolastic D-150 (manufactured by Esso Petrochemical Co., Ltd., styrene resin), 5 parts of Peerless 155 (manufactured by Columbia Carbon Co., Ltd.), 5 parts of Nigrosine Base EX (manufactured by Orient Chemical Co., Ltd.), and AC polyethylene 6A (manufactured by Allied Chemical Co., Ltd., low molecular weight polyethylene) and 10 parts of dicyclohexyl phthalate were mixed, subjected to a ball mill for about 24 hours, kneaded using hot rolls, cooled, and ground to about 13 to 15 microns. A toner having an average particle size of 1 was prepared and used as a sample.

A toner was prepared as a comparative sample in exactly the same manner as above except that dicyclohexyl phthalate was not added.

4 parts of each of these toners are mixed with 96 parts of iron powder carrier having an average particle size of about 50 to 80 microns.
After preparing a seed developer and developing an electrostatic image formed by ordinary electrophotography using these developers, the toner image is transferred onto a transfer paper, and the surface is coated with FEP (manufactured by DuPont Co., Ltd.).
Using a fixing roller made of a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene, the toner image was fused and fixed by pressure contact.

As a result, the temperature at which the toner was fused to the fixing sheet was 210° C. when the comparative sample toner was used, but it was 175° C. when the sample toner was used.

Furthermore, when the fixing operation was repeated and the occurrence of the toner offset phenomenon was observed, it was found that no offset phenomenon occurred with any of the toners.

Note that when a toner with a composition of the comparison sample toner except AC polyethylene 6A was prepared in the same manner as above and fusing was performed in the same manner as above, the toner adhered to the surface of the fixing roller. A significant offset phenomenon occurred and no fixing was possible.

Example 2 80 parts of Picolastic D-125 (manufactured by Esso Petrochemical Co., Ltd., sterene resin), 20 parts of S-LEC BL-1 (manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., polyvinyl buteral resin), 7 parts of Peerless 155, and Oil Black. A toner was prepared by mixing 3 parts of BW (manufactured by Orient Kagaku Co., Ltd.), 5 parts of poly 2-metal-butene-1 (average molecular weight 5000), and 12 parts of pentaerythol tetrabenzoate, and treated in the same manner as in Example 1. And so.

A toner was prepared as a comparative sample in exactly the same manner as described above except that pentaerythritol tetrabenzoate was not added.

Using these two types of toners, the toner images were fused and fixed by bringing them into pressure contact using a fixing roller whose surface was made of Teflon (manufactured by DuPont, polytetrafluoroethylene).

As a result, the temperature at which the toner was fused to the fixing sheet was 180° C. when the comparative sample toner was used, but it was 155° C. when the sample toner was used.

When the fixing operation was repeated and the occurrence of the toner offset phenomenon was observed, it was found that no offset phenomenon occurred with any of the toners.

Example 3 100 parts of a copolymer of about 90 parts of styrene and about 10 parts of dimethylamine ethyl methacrylate with a softening point of 120°C and Diablack SH (manufactured by Mitsubishi Kasei Corporation,
5 parts of carbon black) and ethylene-propylene copolymer (copolymerization molar ratio 50:50, weight average molecular weight 400)
0) and 15 parts of hexyl citrate were mixed and treated in the same manner as in Example 1 to prepare a toner and use it as a sample.

A toner was prepared as a comparative sample in exactly the same manner as above except that tricyclohexyl citrate was not added.

Using these two types of toners, a fixing roller whose surface was made of Teflon was used to bring the toner images into pressure contact to fuse and fix the toner images.

As a result, the temperature at which the toner was fused to the fixing sheet was 190° C. when the comparative sample toner was used, but it was 170° C. when the sample toner was used.

When the fixing operation was repeated and the occurrence of the toner offset phenomenon was observed, it was found that no offset phenomenon occurred with any of the toners.

Example 4 100 parts of a copolymer of about 80 parts of styrene and about 20 parts of 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate having a softening point of 140° C. according to the ring and ball method, and Diablack SH s 1 part, 5 parts of oil black BW, and AC polyethylene 400 (manufactured by Allied Chemical Co., Ltd.,
Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, copolymerization molar ratio 8
6:14, weight average molecular weight 3500) and 8 parts of P-toluenesulfonamide were mixed and treated in the same manner as in Example 1 to prepare a toner and use it as a sample.

A toner was prepared as a comparative sample in exactly the same manner as described above except that P-toluenesulfonamide was not added.

Using these two types of toners, a fixing roller whose surface was made of Teflon was used to bring the toner images into pressure contact to fuse and fix the toner images.

As a result, the temperature at which the toner was fused to the fixing sheet was 205° C. when the toner of the comparative sample was used, but was 170° C. when the toner of the sample was used.

When the fixing operation was repeated and the occurrence of the toner offset phenomenon was observed, it was found that no offset phenomenon occurred with any of the toners.

Example 5 100 parts of a copolymer of about 85 parts of styrene and about 15 parts of stearyl methacrylate, 5 parts of Peerless 155, 5 parts of Nigrosine Base EX, and Hoechst Wax E (manufactured by Hoechst, montanic acid ethylene glycol ester) 1
o part and 5 parts of triphenyl phosphate were mixed and treated in the same manner as in Example 1 to prepare a toner and use it as a sample.

A toner was prepared as a comparison sample in exactly the same manner as described above, except that triphenyl phosphate was not added.

These two types of toner were used as a fixing roller whose surface was made of Teflon to bring them into pressure contact to fuse and fix the toner images.

As a result, the temperature at which the toner was fused to the fixing sheet was 190° C. when the comparative sample toner was used, but it was 165° C. when the sample toner was used.

When the fixing operation was repeated and the occurrence of the toner offset phenomenon was observed, it was found that no offset phenomenon occurred with any of the toners.

Example 6 100 parts of a copolymer of about 70 parts of styrene and about 30 parts of butyl methacrylate, 5 parts of Diablack SH, 3 parts of Oil Black BW, and Hoechst wax C (manufactured by Hoechst, ethylene bis stearamide) ) and 20 parts of chlorinated paraffin were mixed and treated in the same manner as in Example 1 to prepare a toner, which was used as a sample.

A toner was prepared as a comparative sample in exactly the same manner as described above, except that no chlorinated paraffin was added.

Using these two types of toners, a fixing roller whose surface was made of Teflon was used to bring the toner images into pressure contact with each other to fuse and fix the toner images.

As a result, the temperature at which the toner was fused to the fixing sheet was 195° C. when the comparative sample toner was used, but was 170° C. when the sample toner was used.

When the fixing operation was repeated and the occurrence of the toner offset phenomenon was observed, it was found that no offset phenomenon occurred with any of the toners.

Example 7 About 50 parts of styrene and about 30 parts of . Copolymer of butyl methacrylate and about 20 parts of methyl methacrylate 100
Part 5 and Peerless 155 Part 5 and Nigu α Shinbase EX5
1 part, 7 parts of Sasol Wax H1 (manufactured by Sasol Marketing Co., Ltd., high melting point paraffin wax) and 6 parts of chlorinated polyphenyl were mixed and treated in the same manner as in Example 1 to prepare a toner. did.

A toner was prepared as a comparative sample in exactly the same manner as above except that no chlorinated polyphenyl was added.

Using these two types of toners, a fixing roller whose surface was made of Teflon was used to bring the toner images into pressure contact with each other to fuse and fix the toner images.

As a result, the temperature at which the toner was fused to the fixing sheet was 180° C. when the comparative sample toner was used, but it was 165° C. when the sample toner was used.

When the fixing operation was repeated and the occurrence of the toner offset phenomenon was observed, it was found that no offset phenomenon occurred with any of the toners.

Example 8 80 parts of a copolymer of about 80 parts of sterene and about 20 parts of ethyl methacrylate and Vinylite VYLF (manufactured by Peikrite, a copolymer of about 87 parts of vinyl chloride and about 13 parts of vinyl acetate) ) 20 copies and Dia Black SH 8
part, Nigrosine Base EX5 part and Unico H-350 (
3 parts of liquid paraffin (manufactured by Union Oil Co., Ltd.) and 2 parts of polyethylene glycol were mixed and treated in the same manner as in Example 1 to prepare a toner and use it as a sample.

A toner was prepared as a comparative sample in exactly the same manner as described above except that polyethylene glycol was not added.

These two types of toner were used as a fixing roller whose surface was made of Teflon to bring them into pressure contact to fuse and fix the toner images.

As a result, the temperature at which the toner was fused to the fixing sheet was 210° C. when the comparative sample toner was used, but was 175° C. when the sample toner was used.

When the fixing operation was repeated and the occurrence of the toner offset phenomenon was observed, it was found that no offset phenomenon occurred with any of the toners.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 (a) Colorant, (1 styrene resin, (c) Approximately 30
Selected from fatty acid esters or partially saponified products thereof having a melting point of about 100 to 130°C, alkylene bis fatty acid amides having a melting point of about 100 to 180°C, high melting paraffin waxes having a melting point of 70 to 130°C, and liquid paraffin that is liquid at room temperature. at least one compound and (
d) A toner for developing electrostatic images, characterized by containing a plasticizer having a melting point of about 40 to 140°C.