JPS5865141A - Formation of x-ray negative image for diagnosis, gas ionization apparatus for x-ray detection and diagnostic negative image forming apparatus used therein - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

A chisel type means for recording the ll1XS shadow image of the present invention;
That is, the two-dimensional shadow image Fi related to the diagnostic λIs shadow image forming method, its X-ray detection gas ionization device, its X-ray detector, and the diagnostic X-ray shadow image forming device used in the method. g! of the X-rays due to the object space interwoven between the X-ray source and the recording system. Since the discovery of Xl1iI in Kumiki Ni, which is defined as 019i1,
Two methods using x#m*g1 fy principle method #i 0 Of these two methods, one is the fluoroscopic method, in which d- The other one is Sukojutsu, in which XM is
It directly interacts with the silver halide grains in the true emulsion and causes them to develop. For the past 40 years, X# has been used as a prisoner's warning! Thermonegative-tungsten-anode X-rays have been used as the main six components for generating . XL available
Improvements have also been made in rotating the anode to increase the strength of the LAS bundle and thereby reduce exposure time. However, the low sensitivity of atomic and fluoroscopic materials and the lack of differential response to XIMI particles of different energies have not led to the development of disparate x-ray tube sources. In contrast to the low sensitivity of photographic and fluorescent materials,
The detector is very sensitive in x-ray energy levels. X41i! If the energy of a photon is the same as the energy required to expel one particle from an atom of the gas, then the gas is strongly absorbing. In other words, soc
ti The photon energy of an X-ray is equal to the absorption limit energy of the gas o ``4 body σ 9t with energy above its absorption limit is weakly absorbed and is therefore not ejected. Its absorption limit of the gas A photon with an energy of The 41 electrons generated by the 02nd order photon that is absorbed and emitted from different levels (t)111 electrons deteriorate the X, $1 image and special techniques are needed to reduce their shadows. 46 The electronic detector using the gas 11tlli chamber is O
Although it has been used with Xl1iA beams in AT scanning devices, such devices have extremely high am wire ratios and cannot be considered as a practical alternative to conventional two-dimensional projection. Precepts following counting IKJA
Also described for chamber detection a, gamma ray and FIi, particle detection 1) kL') X-ray detection 42 and 49 I! However, if such detectors were to be used to obtain X-ray projections, the relatively large electronic sequence time would reduce the X41111 output time to a fraction of a fraction of a second. You will need it. Overexposure to the patient 4 can be avoided by lowering the xim bundle 05, but the time Q (the practical limit for which the patient is free spontaneously or casually is at most a few seconds). If you can F&C the exposure time to less than 1 second,
Heart Q, 4nt can also be frozen, so the pH is extremely high;
1. The present invention aims at producing X-ray shadows of comparable quality to those of 4 true or fluoroscopic techniques*IJ
This method provides a method and structure designed to reduce patient exposure to harmful high-energy XM radiation while increasing the efficiency of a position-sensitive 44 detector. This is a technology to make it more integrated. The configuration of the ionization detector also makes ordinary diagnostic projections useful by acquiring image information with exposures of only a fraction of a second:
Ionization detectors that utilize high electric field gradients, such as those that employ fine wire IE'fli rights, have the following advantages: wire 1! Near the poles, there is a long-lasting advantage that electrons emitted from four-body atoms are strongly accelerated by X-ray photons. This energetic electron collides with other gas atoms and ionizes them, thereby creating positively charged gas ions as electron showers. The electron Qi path ends at that wire, but the positive ions Fi return to the negative pole. This charge multiplication property makes it easier to detect single X-ray photons, thereby keeping the exposure to the diseased tissue at a much lower level [while maintaining conventional fluorescence imaging techniques]. The energy level of x4t,t emitted by one ridge point,

As mentioned above, this is a method of greatly increasing the efficiency of X-ray radiation by combining the detector IJ and gas collection body with the X-ray r source. This company aims to maximize the efficiency of the 411 River device while minimizing exposure to the patient. In a rainbow, during the secondary photon emission, which results in a false image, mh is at a minimum, the emitted secondary photons are extremely small, and the energy is strongly absorbed by the emitted gas there. In addition to reducing radiation delivery to the patient by maximizing detector efficiency, the detector gas and
This method of matching the radiation source is suitable for use in regions where the human body VW yield of low energy radiation is insufficient to significantly reduce the flux of radiation reaching the detector. As a modification to the method of the present invention, the use of low-energy XlfM allows for lower exposures of the patient, even for images in small areas. For example, Wa
Two or more aligned Z
This includes providing a combination of physical/discharge sources. Is it possible to distinguish between bone and either dye or calcium deposits by this means? By employing Pi5r, it is possible to create a deep human body image of soft tissues, where interfering bone structures are greatly suppressed, if not removed. As a special requirement, the N&B (heart, persimmon and medium 15 s.
t inum) ) can be obtained. This type 4 image can reduce the need for multiple Xi diagrams (eg, mallet and diagonal) when attempting to detect abnormalities in soft tissue. Two-dimensional diagnosis J8 The slow development of the movie model d, which hindered the practical application of the il for the creation of shadows [14
Several different two-dimensional four-displacement detectors have been invented to solve for f. The first (Q detector utilizes simultaneous succession and accumulation of one-dimensional
Wire 2 that performs σ7 processing on a two-dimensional image of information
It has dimensional proportional counting buds. This parallel readout technique substantially reduces the time required to obtain detailed image information. For example, for a 256 x 256 dot image, the acquisition time -i is about 0.125 seconds. Other detectors include an insulating sheath) which produces 41 ions corresponding to the xmi image at E - There is a mechanical turtle separation chamber detector. Regarding the latter detector (1)
, three embodiments having image g1 readout means in the detector. The second one is a simple modification of the first one (, two insulating sheets and two cl
> gl has out f4 structure, and the sequence wiping V in the photon energy that is the contrast information Fis in the
In the third recitation, narrated by Kokichi, the insulating sheet is provided in the form of a belt. This belt is driven past the readout structure to simplify the structure of the readout operation. Some embodiments of electro-mechanical detectors are housed in a portable cassette format with no external engagement or electrical connections. According to the JIS L means, the outside of the sumo wrestler's throat is separated from there, and a multi-format cassette can be employed in the machine for producing fists. The X-film e-cassette used in this type of cassette company is handled similarly to if &4. In producing the entire two-dimensional projection image by matching the X-ray source energy level to the gas absorption limit such that the trX-ray energy level is immediately above the absorption limit of the ionized gas,
It includes a method for making the X-problem f1 small for a patient. Examples of such combinations include praseodymium (pra-s
eody + old um), anode and xenon detection 4
There is a gas. The X-rays produced by the praseodymium anode are below the absorption limit of xenon gas.
has an energy level of ) Such A body/a/
Another example of a -de combination is in a yttrium anode XMf using krypton gas. The yttrium anode detects krypton in the hot gas and produces a very high radiation with an energy just above the X-ray absorption limit. 1) K, ? in a matched combination with 4 bodies? 3) dironic gases are also useful, as is the use of neutral f-count d1 hydrogen oxide, such as isobutane, using boron trifluoride. However, there is still no literature on gaseous compounds VC of high Z materials, which seems particularly advantageous.
There is a tungsten fluorescent X-ray emission (Tungsten is the standard X-ray a target material) I/(Erbium Q is the resonant material for the two) gaseous combination. Kagaru compound keX#i! Is it important that the property is not simply broken apart by radiation, but that it is? ) Negative σ such that JJ41j's precept f is captured and the growth is visited (i.e., acts like a quenching gas). Shall not form ions. Promising gases are proportional count t? We can experience these properties by observing their behavior within ρ''. If two different Xls sources are given, successive images with different X-ray photon energies 4IC In order to increase the degree of calcification, etc., C1' is collected and compared by conventional means.In order to maximize the overall efficiency, the second and W is added to the pure cand. gases or the different absorption limits of the same detector gas. For example, one uses a praseodymium-γ-nodofquinone combination to generate the image and a yttrium-anode l for the second image. From VC, using a combination of Krypton, 2
Calcium, which has an energy ratio of 1 & 1 of about 1:84, is clearly distinguished from carbon, whose qJ absorption ratio is about 1:13. This allows image subtraction, which is used to augment or suppress bone tissue (calcium) with respect to soft tissue (carbon) images. 4. V, river can be found in the IL, which increases the total number of cells. Therefore, conventional mammography is capable of identifying aggregates of skin cells that cannot be seen by palpation. .Detection efficiency #'i gas atom concentration σ・increase) Although it increases with JU, if a method is adopted that compares it with the reflection *1 obtained from the energy level of %Jl'4i, the detected cold gas There is no need to change the flow rate.If one wishes to operate the vessel at a pressure higher than 1νh or to sacrifice too much of the efficiency of the tFS vessel, a mixed ionized gas flow may also be used. As a possible zero-generation perspective, the two absorption limits of the H1 simple gas in the application consist, e.g.
It doesn't work even if I use Senon's K and L limits. When using gas mixtures, the respective concentrations are determined by their absorption I4s! For xenon and krypton, which can be arranged to be approximately equal in the target gas q.two To facilitate changes in the x-ray source, the x-ray tube is equipped with a turret target with a mechanical rotation device.Another way to change the zero energy is to It is also conceivable to employ a plurality of different X-ray tubes which are successively directed towards the proboscis. A different approach is to ensure that each such detector obtains a positive response while being exposed to the patient for a minimum amount of time. Proportional meter #'f-type 2-dimensional X-ray detector company,
Continuous If sensing element (e.g. long wire) or IQ, e
Although a counter using any of the following two-dimensional matrices is economical to implement, within the counter resolution time over the entire area of the counter, one
It has a fundamental flaw that only 111J can be used. This control Xh! The disproportionately long exposure time l111 required to produce the ti,x#il image makes its application to medical radiography impractical. @IJ
It is a box type counter tube. 'Llf, n chamber is constructed using a frame 10 of insulating material, and f! 17
J, closely spaced thin wires 12 in combination
is stretched. This chamber is closed and sealed by two plates 14 and 16 made of insulating material and carrying on their insides a closely spaced array of conductive strips 18. Of these boards y,
One, namely the plate, is made six orders of magnitude thinner so that the X-ray beams emanating from X-#, collectively designated as box 17, can enter the chamber. In the operating position, the counter is filled with high-voltage gas and a positive potential is applied to wire 12. The incoming x@tl strikes, causing the chain of events shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. The incoming X-rays interact with the atoms of the counter gas that fills and twinkles at the X point, emitting light and at the same time emitting photons of psychic energy. 0
These free electrons are attracted to the nearest wire 121 by the positive potential applied thereto, but along the way, another shower of electrons e' is created near the wire through a collision ionization process. The electrical consequence of the warping process is that these two pulses ttxiIM produce a pulsed current on the wire 12a, ): and on the gold strip 18 on the opposite side of the location of the warping event.
Give the electronic information of the x, y position of thing a, then standard t
processed by digital electronic equipment. FIG. 4 shows a value wire detector according to the invention used to record Xl/M information in this application. Similar to dif, a combination of fine (25 micron) conductors ρ are stretched at 1 mm intervals on the # edge frame 9. Although such an empty rttrt- is shown as an example, even if the installation 1 is used, the basic l cannot be used as C. However, in this case the marker wire is made of a highly resistive material, a carbon film deposited on a quartz core. The counter is electrically completed with two sheets of aluminized mylar (polyester membranes sold by DuPont) (7!4 and JT) with one layer on their conductive side. -t wires and their chambers are made airtight [mechanical four-part plate and assembled for 30t/d. Plate 1 #i is made thin so that X-rays can freely enter, while plate 30 is made soi < soi to absorb (did not interact) lt in its counter. Hole 32Fi, in this case xenon vc1%
cL' 7 Leon 13811tl-7Jl
It is provided in order to be able to enter the counter at a pressure of 3 atmospheres. The operation of the chamber is the same as that of the prior art WI; ψ generates an electron e which is reversed by 111 due to the negative (J potential) ζ0 As before, the electron collides with VC near the wire 22a, 0i-, and creates a cloud of electron e and ions. Occurs ζ・. This error #l1Fito ~ 11 seconds, then FC short time 1 ■
ft at a predetermined point k on the electrical wire 22a.
C becomes a T11 load that is placed momentarily. However, this charge has a kLO time constant 'lr, where the zero resistance of the wire is distributed with f# capacitance between the wire and the aluminized mylar plate.
Since it forms, ten wires g#AI! It cannot flow away instantaneously to 16. The distance of C7 is proportional to the distance of the C7 event from the wire's center. Therefore, the decision factor for these time constants will determine one locus I of the event, and the other C locus 411 will be determined by its σ no wire (l) burial location. If it is available for wires, then the data acquisition time is N, where N is the number of wires in the counter (・91 (256 in the l-Je example)).
Note that it is determined by the time to process events simultaneously. Each tit on the wire averages 51
), and assuming that for symmetry the wire is divided into 256 distinct cells, let P be the event processing time and its acquisition time 50
0 x 256 x P In this μ order example,
The P peak is on the order of 1f microseconds, and the acquisition time for the X-ray image is approximately 0.25 seconds. FIG. 6 shows the butterfly and the electronic circuit that performs the acquisition of location information. Provides a virtual ground at their inputs for the two AIA2 wires WVc operating in inversion mode. As the charge flows from the wire W to the amplifiers A1 and A2, their outputs have 1, which is proportional to the magnitude of the incoming current.
A pulse is generated and determined by its proportionality constant line R1, )Lz. This signal is directly transferred to the differential comparator AM and A4 to the delay line 1). D2
If the 0 intensifier AI is increased by J11, the direct signal to the -f:qJ comparator is larger (more positive than 1) than the delayed signal. When most of the charge is collected, the amplifier signal decreases and the JM extended wander is larger than the direct signal. Thus, the comparator
MI is applied at each end of the wire for every rising time as the signal remains constant for a period of time until it reaches a peak value <6 and begins to slope again. These signal branches include an 8-bit counter (h, (3
2, it is converted to digital news and the heart rate IIR device A
When 5 becomes true and is determined to be false, the Dtil flip prop will be set to 11. Therefore,
AND game) Gl is added, its output, that is, the enable terminal becomes low, and the counter starts totaling 1&. +4, when A4 comparator turns IK and goes to false cycle, D4 flip, '2/) to 70 knob:
Set - 0 ratio JA4 to end the Wr number there
2 in vc h delay 4 to 7 rip flops
Since the IDs have been inserted, its arrival is 070. The operation of the pushp is only 128 ripsk cycles: J11m. This Fil allows the counter to operate in positive integer mode. When '2' is set in the flip-flop, the A tN D gate G2 is established,
Then, the signal store (S'l'0) 413) becomes true. At this point, the counter information is level translator T1. Tz (transmitted through 17, thus triggering analysis for another event. The latched information from 'l''1.'l''2 t/i is processed by normal digital techniques t4f (not shown) Each wire and W being moved is a 12-bit storage of 256 words of memory. Each store request reads, adds 1, and returns the address determined by its latched value of Ao-Ay. This is the exchange of cycles being executed in (generally known as AO).
The memory of the video display is organized on the basis of conventional data bus technology, so that each wire of the counter corresponds to one line of information of the video display, thus starting with the acquired image. It should be noted that the processing required for table/dori is simple. The components used in the circuit of FIG. 6 are shown below. Amplifier At, A2: Fairchild A 715 or equivalent If comparator As, A4: %a-9MO1650 Father is equivalent to that JJ! mmt>1. JJ2 Nivel), -z 1 ton for exposure
JO again 1 and l#I etc. 4 bit 2 associate counter C1: motoguchi -t +4 (J1
654 or equivalent 4-pit binary counter 4r-L) 2: 7) u-
t MO10136 or one exclusively for IR1 - To form an image chamber in the above-mentioned ct4 row, the entire Te2
56A256X501) = 32X 143'1k
Since it requires ff photons, the total photon flux to that counter is 2 per second for 100% counter efficiency.
．． Must be 56 x 109 photons. Since the calculated counter effect is ≠5%, the required flux of t is 5.12×10@photons per second. Therefore, XSt
A conventional Pierce 4-tube gun using an air-cooled anode, which has the lowest brightness requirements for the tube, can also be used. However, preferred 7-node materials include pellets of butiseodymium or yttrium embedded within a carbon block.
Xenon and Crypton as New Gas Chamber Photofumes
The electron beam is chosen to generate fluorescent -X-rays with an energy just above the absorbed In field energy as required. White 9 Background Radiation@ft A P-wave device that is effective for leveling the ground is employed. As previously described, the single wire detector according to the invention has been used to obtain high contrast images by performing subsequent exposures with different radiation/detector gas combinations. However, doing so
Typically, there is a need to double the capacity of the initial memory because the second exposure is made in such a way that the data from the initial exposure is processed into a combined image. In Figure 7, the 1M chamber used in this example is shown. That's secret! ikK5M installed wire 4
It consists of a frame 40 supporting 2. Wire 42Fi, as standard, is 2 mil gold plated tungsten wire, spaced between 10 mils @&C. It is made of a sheet of insulating material with a metal backing. Seat 44Ii, with a small space of 5 inches (approx. 12.5 mm1) as standard.
Separated from wires. The entire assembly consists of a solid backboard, a thin window 52, and an air seat 4-bearing enclosing wall (
(not shown) in an airtight container. The wire frame/insulating sheet assembly shall be mechanically aligned without distortion during pressurization of the seventh chamber;
Therefore, the assembly is not rigidly attached to the container. 7(b/s) In the B/S device, there is also a butterfly located on the F section of the wire frame/insulating sheet assembly, the button, the guide ridge and the ridge 60 shown in Figure 8.
It is adapted to be mechanically moved along the guide contour and 6i) by means of a drive cable 62. Although not shown in FIG. 7, the guides 58 and 6 (and the drive cable 62) are connected to the wire frame 40 and the wire frame 40.
The thickness of that wire and sheet 44 is 1#j1
'Determined to be able to pass through. The ionization chamber is filled with a suitable gas under pressure. 111 There, stabilizers such as 7 and 13B142y have been found (this combination is also known in the literature as magic gas). The thickness of the front window and the gas IE force are chosen to minimize the fraction of the oxidant absorbed by the window and to maximize the absorption in the senone gas as filler. O
For X-ray recording, a high positive voltage (typically +2000 V) is applied to the wire 42 with respect to the conductive back side of the plate 44. In this Am@, since the wires there are not #A edged to each other, when the oX# photon excited by the -000 passes through the entire window 52 and enters the detection optic, the ion and then the @f are thrown forward. Formed as described. - Although attracted to the child wire, positive gas ions (
xenon) is attracted to the plate. As before, the high local electric field in the vicinity of the wire causes the incoming electrons to collide with gas atoms, thereby creating more ion pairs. As standard, each to 4
Generates RF-Fil-10 OJ pairs or more. The LEcX body ions are repelled by the wire force) and the plate 44
and adheres to the insulating surface of the plate 44. Due to this insulating property, such ions 17 are immobilized at the point of arrival and therefore have an X4114 degree distribution, or the desired X11! It remains there as a dense lW distribution that reflects the image. The ion density distribution is read out by the ray 56. Salary 5
On the surface of the plywood are plates 66 arranged closely together, insulating the plywood from its neighbors. Therefore, one line element of each version triaQ edged sheet is interrogated. In a typical embodiment, each plate 66 is about δ half a mil and is held by the plate 56 about 10 mils from the insulating surface of plate I. The insulated plate 66#-i is connected at its inner side, ie, the side E remote from the insulating surface of the sheet 44, to a current-voltage amplifier. As alternative 4, a set of contacts may be formed on the internal side surfaces between the plates, and the contacts may be brought into contact with the overflow -5It pressure amplifier as a group guided by the movement of the keys. In principle and as a practical matter, this operation is similar to X-Y record #I! The output of such an amplifier is similar to the beam and milling operation of the device, and its pressure vessel is connected by means of flexible leads.
The 1° drive cable 62 is then routed to the existing connection.
The drive motor (not shown) is connected to the
The insulation moves across the surface of the cloth, making you feel it move. In order to detect the vertical position Wtf of the keyaki, a variable 1) 7 transducer (as standard, a linear potentiometer) is installed along the side bow guide mark. Salary 5617. A slit cylindrical tube 70 containing a sharp-edged quadrupole 74 is attached to the side 60, the function of which is to establish a uniform charge on the insulating layer surface of the sheet 44 prior to x-ray exposure. In order to read out the X@ image produced by the Qnoion #,f distribution on the 02 insulating sheet 44, the high potential on the wire 42 is removed,
The barge 56 is then moved at a constant speed over the barge #l and j. As the violet detection plate 6 detects the surface of the sheet 44, the displacement 1 decreases, and the static formed on the metal backing of the sheet 440 surface &(-).
i capacitance and the charge sharing formed by the surface of sheet I on its reconnaissance quadrupole or plate 6 flows as a charge share. t is converted to a potential and C is drawn out of the chamber. In this luxurious configuration Qζ of the QJ extractor, each pick-up plate 6 has its own amplifier, and a multiplexer on the rod reads out all line images in one pass. is possible. In a more economical arrangement, the group of amplifiers is mechanically switched into a group of pull-up plates, on whose insulating surfaces the pass-through is made. However, this approach only affects the speed of the readout. Once the readout is finished, a high voltage is applied from the source of the rectangular current to some of the sharp electrodes 74, and its convergence stop. This discharge establishes a stable corona discharge between the tubes 70 and 6.
All of the conductive plasma is forced out through the slit 78 and comes into contact with the insulating layer 1h11 of the sheet 44. If this discharge is moved through the insulating layer of the sheet 44 by passing through the insulating layer, ions or molecules will preferentially ride on that layer until the surface of the insulator reaches the plasma potential t. In this way, a uniform, near-zero 1 m load is deposited on the sled insulator before starting the next X-ray exposure. 1) This is done by first reading the discharged table I#j and then calculating the uniform X
O preempted by reading the surface after line exposure
Link the value obtained accordingly Z・combi, −
Although it is not necessary to hold the memo 1 or lζ,
However, in the case of σ, which is sneaked into the large scale storage device fllll for later use as a parameter for normalization, the systematic noise is removed by normalization of the data after recording. The correct 1 exposure is obtained by integrating the displacement of the sheet 44 for the gold 4-prone knocking during the time when the Xll-injury is emitting. To ensure an acceptable image with minimal interference, 10 mm in wire to 0.062 inch (approximately 1.57 mm) mylar sheet 44 used to automatically control the XiIil 1M bundle. ,0
The curve σ2 ion pair proliferation rate is 500 detected photons equal to 6
() Guarantees to create a surface potential of ■. El)
At Ji position, the photon (approximately 5 for L/2 power
The uncertain current noise of t:1 is larger than the current noise of a typical 741 series operational amplifier when fabricated in a bandwidth determined as: 11×1
6 inches (28 x 39.4 cm)! The maximum television resolution that the edge sheet supports in the 16 inch direction, i.e. l
If we revise the reading /fl with t to 512 elements in the 1 inch direction and tj 76B elements in the To inch direction, then at that reading r#lJ#'i, if 14
Normal & 78-bit continuous approximation of microsecond time
) 0 is used and all big γ, pu board is 11
If read in g1qJ passage, 512x 7
During the period of 68 x 100 x 1o-6 = 40 seconds, each line is repeated 768 times, i.e.
A band of 100 Hz is used to maintain an accuracy of 2N between the readings. slew rate for the bar
Assuming that is added per second, d given I! ! ! The limit of the frequency is probably on the order of 1 second, which is 2.5 seconds with a variable rate of -4- about 200 Hz, ZJ 4 current-voltage term 1! I# band-, both of them have found that the energy level of 04L which is achieved even with hR simple 4-child rotation & JX- is obtained by comparing the two images obtained from JIK. When a contrasting image is desired, there are two and four rooms in this vJ bite example! jInsulating sheet reading/f$ It will be constructed using an L rod assembly. A second gold 14-backed insulating sheet 80 shown in FIG. The sheet 80 and the frame 40 as shown in FIG.
' There is a blink of an eye between. Sheet 44'! To discharge, the sheet 44' is grounded and the sheet 80, 111L, is maintained at the potential of the wire 42'. The positive ions formed near the wire s2' when X@ enters the chamber are attracted to the sheet 44' and repelled from the sheet 0 sea) 80 t: [To obtain an image , sheet 44' and its metallized surface 1 immediately
The position difference at 111 is reversed. That is, the metallic surfaces of the sheets &) are grounded, while the metallic surfaces of the other sheet 44' are maintained at that wire potential. This double insulating sheet/readout structure allows for the recording of two OXk#I images at close intervals in time for subsequent processing of contrast information, as described in the section. − to be possible. The l-tuple sword set described in this scene is the 4%-Fl Machine Ei 4I! described previously. This is another fruit + 4 examples of the room.
Film X@
It's a transportable cassette that can almost completely change your mood. It can also be extended to dental and industrial applications. Since the video recording room is divided into multiple video recording machines, it can also be shared with the video recording machine #-1 cassette &c. The basic configuration of the cassette is shown in M11Li4FC, which is carried by a frame base consisting of an airtight metal box with a metal front window 84, a frame base consisting of the walls of the chamber, and The grid consists of a grid 88 of *a wire, and an insulating material 11490 transparent to ultraviolet light. The wire grid is insulated from the box and has no connection to the outside! is given for. Typically, the box's IIKFi metal backer 5-92 is installed to provide protection for the back window while providing protection for the box. The gas is completely guided W1 on the outer surface.
The gas in this chamber is retained by the transparent window and not by the back cover. Between the wire grid and the external ground potential surface of the box, as shown schematically in FIG.
To operate this chamber, a high quality capacitor (polystyrene or similar #sa! body) is connected, as shown in FIG. 2% 1M resistor 5 to 1 high impedance etll! This high impedance cable is connected to the wire grid and charged to a high quality capacitor, ensuring safety for the operator while at the same time providing high current rI.
Therefore, 11Lf1i, which prevents L from flowing.
are disconnected. In this state, the cassette is ready for use. Polystyrene capacitors have a leakage time of about 50 years, so the wire grid will remain charged to the operating point for a very long time. Cassette Ft Film
The 4111 ability of Seiki has the same C as described in -, and X
The transparent insulating sheet 9o12. where the IM creates electrons, multiplication takes place near the wire, and the positively charged ions are immobilized. Inside I - #tank 4 on the surface A) Q front! ! 84 is @ Enshi) 90
The wire grid is maintained at the same potential as , i.e., the t4M potential, so that the wire grid connects the grid to the cavity and
It is preferable to place the window 84 as close as possible to the window 84 in a manner that does not cause an arc.
The potential on the grid is on the order of 2 KV. When the wire grid is moved closer to the +E surface 84 than the back window area, most of the photon-gas atom collisions occur behind the wire mesh, and hence the 4 tE ion h metal front window area. Rather than moving toward the insulating sheet, the cassette back cover 92f of the cassette 92f is removed and the cassette TL with its insulating plate removed is shown in FIG. It is constructed by having a readout rod similar to Q and a skin on the long cover. The readout device flfIfi No. 8
RIM essentially the same as the spacing described in connection with the figure.
The corona radiation 4f70 shown in FIG.
I do not have. The distance between the bars is the outer surface of the insulation sheet + n
1 and read out the current flowing to the 1 series of sensors in the same manner as described for the 11L air chamber. Once the readout is completed, the high electrical current in the wire grid 1 is removed by discharging its reservoir capacitor with a high impedance of 4, and ultraviolet light is projected through a transparent insulating window. 0koo light fi
It generates photoelectrons that are attracted to positively charged ions that are immobilized by the inner surface of the window tap, and of which +t
Until s+ is uniformly charged somewhat negatively, C they continue to be neutralized and more electrons are attached 4! , I is prevented. There, the removable packs are pulled together again - the wire grid is also charged again, and the cassette is again placed in a state of readiness for use. Silica quartz is suitable as a material for insulating windows, and it is #
It has transparency to ultraviolet light and low resistivity. Even though it is LiPL, it is F! if it is a material that satisfies the 1116th requirement. - 0 series device that can be used with any material Butterfly window 900 thickness must be detected to detect electrostatic capacitance ψ, so this window IIi minimum thickness, preferably about 1000 mil father is that The wire harp is preferably supported in part by its enclosure σ, not shown, by polystyrene insulation, as necessary to minimize leakage. At the current moment C, there is no available signal current #i because there is no backing plate in front of the insulating sheet 90, that is, inside the chamber.
10 predicted/: lowered by J factor. For this purpose, it may be necessary to introduce a fine MEC 5c secondary or screen grid 96- into the insulating plate σ'=rE. If this grid were to be introduced, it would mean that the positively charged 4-body ions are -t(/
Q to move through the J mesh to the insulating sheet
ζ, some exactly with respect to the insulating sheet, e.g. about 10
It is necessary to maintain 0vK. A schematic representation of the capacitor 94 and resistor 95 shown in item 12(2) is shown outside the cassette chamber.
Although it is shown as a component of Mc,
In the actual case, seven such elements would be embedded within the frame 86 of the cassette. Banta Access - CVCs are used to provide the means for the electrical connections needed to charge and discharge the 97-capacitor. A separate access boat 98 is used to fill the chamber with #11 gas. Figure 413 shows another μ of the detector which is more easily detected than the peaks shown in @7, 1O and 11.
Top broken view of example m tl-2T (0 shots, νJc
//In this fruit 4A, the transparent insulating window is in the frame 8
Low, F-98 and 11j on both sides of the window at 61tC
lb is formed into a continuous belt '+11' supported by Oc. 91) The outer surface line of 'ii on the opposite side and surrounding the grid of wires 88 or eight pels 91)', the belt being positioned to receive the entire X-ray projection. And 1! to grid 8
Valley of 8 - divided into two conductive parts located with the one at 7. Any part of the insulating surface of the belt 91)' brought into direct contact with the rollers 98 and 101 has a magnetically permeable surface which allows it to be exposed. An improved example shown in FIG. 13 is a CK
I am police officer. This feature is essential when one wants to take the same image of an object using different brightness to distinguish between bone and dye or lucium. As in the case of the detectors shown in FIGS. 118 and 12, the wire grid 88/fi is insulated from the box Ld (and is insulated from the photoelectric field through a high impedance resistor 95). It is maintained at a high potential by being connected to one of the four quadratures of the belt cone with a capacitor of M quality. The inner dielectric surface of the do part C of 90' is exposed by K, which is connected to the box reference potential to minimize its conventional att X-ray exposure. It receives its stored 411 charge according to the radiation intensity given to it to define the image. @2's video is about other conductive backing! 1! C1 is applied to the outer insulating surface of the belt rfr+H by establishing its grid potential and exposing its detector to X-rays. In this σ) μm example, the image readout t, #t is the readout head 56A# located near the roller 98.
1t and 56B' clockwise as shown in FIG. 14 to move the inner surface of dielectric sheet 90' past 1t and 56B'.
: Achieved by rotating peeling rollers 98 and 100. d-out head 56A# and 56
i(#'t#B and FIG. 12(/c) are the equivalent of heads 56 and 56', but they are all static with respect to frame 86 during the exit process),
The point pc? remains maintained in the configuration and is transported past them by the rotation of the dielectric sheet rollers 98 and 1()0 of the belt striker. They are different. When the deposited charge (Kl) on the insulating surface is fused to the conductive surface of a roller, the surface of the roller and its dielectric surface are almost uncharged and at zero potential. As soon as the readout is done, a white or further image can be applied to the film. By selectively energizing the desired 61 appropriate backing conductors, it can be seen that they are simultaneously exposed. The two inner surfaces of the belt are bells) 9
When two images are read simultaneously by source arrays 56A'' and 56B# attached to frame 86 near the inner surface of 1+'σ, the belt
As the news is stored in the storage means for further processing or use, it is erased by Loaf-98 and 1&C in an integrated one-step operation. NOTE 7 - Instead of utilizing the second grid 96 which is placed 11iI on the frame portion of the front side of the plate 90, the improved practical example in FIG. The second grid %' placed on I&force 1 is used for area 'C inner dielectric note table 1m-f-. 4m! conductive element 96I/'i of the second Grirad, directly on the inside-surface of the belt 90' on the opposite side of the belt from the conductive backing portion 91. In the fourth turn, the potential between the magnetically conductive grid 88 of the belt 90' and the conductive 'W plate 91 is about 20 (10 V), and the potential between the second grid, the back plate and the L The first position of the opening is maintained at approximately 1-10V ttc.
/- creates the potential distribution shown by the point 1Is101, so that the charge formed in the electrical layer repels the interfering charged particles and deflects them out of their trajectory. I'm trying to prevent this from happening. charged f
The deflection due to the charge formation ttC is shown in Figure 14 (the trajectory 9711) and the deflection due to the charge formation ttC is reflected by the gradient 0. The second grid is the father, a dense flow of charged particles. In the case of , it acts to provide an ejection path for the formation of a single surplus charge on the surface.This results in the blooming of the excess charge formation #1XHja@Ill and at the same time the disappearance of details.Second grid 96 to the dielectric medium t) surface of the IE flavor until the sled un a position is equal to the a+tempered 'tt IE vt- on its quadratic grid. As a result, the magnetic charge vs. exposure characteristic, 1, becomes flat, and when the threshold is reached, the charge deposited on the mandrel becomes For example, if a small 4% body is being irradiated with Xl1Ill, the high-intensity radiation of 1117 M causes so-called blooming and dies. This prevents the undesirable blooming effect common in conventional X-ray equipment, which erases all of the surrounding area of the object being illuminated. A certain Q&7 body and its background (
Using water bladders and other techniques to reduce the permeability to X# radiation in Iy IhI - 94
, it was necessary. The improved 1-shoreline nature of the exposure characteristics and Schafna cut-off are X? This eliminates the need to avoid large density differences in i4j&ζ between the fM irradiated object and its background.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 shows a typical two-dimensional ratio in the prior art - count 11
FIG. 2 is an expanded pictorial diagram of functional deafness in a type F ionizing jet. FIG. 2 is a top view taken along line 2-2 (Ct) -a1, depicting an X-ray/gas equilibrium event within the detector. 4j meat if, @1 In the old cross-sectional view on line 3-3 in Figure C,
Xl! 4/This is a diagram depicting a gas collision event◇ ・Figure 4 is an undeveloped pictorial diagram of the multi-wire proportional counting according to the present invention. Figure 5 shows 1.
fl: X-ray/original f collision event in fecal discharge according to invention 4
It's dark when it's a picture. FIG. 6 is a diagram of a series of electronic sequence circuits for a hard wire proportional counting town detector. FIG. 7 is a pictorial development of the mechanical detection reservoir of the present invention, with some parts not shown as clearly described in the text. 1.A is a pictorial diagram of the sliding discharge device for the stroke-knee mechanical detector of Figure 7.Details 1 of the fluonal discharge element of the readout rod in Figure 8.
4. In the field map. . FIG. 10 shows another example of the blood-mechanical detector shown in FIG. 8. FIG. 11 is a pictorial development of a Hortaple cassette chamber for use with an eleventh separated air-sealed readout device; FIG. 12 is a side plan view of the chamber of FIG. 11 with the back cover removed and the chamber interlocked with a mechanical readout device. FIG. 13 II'i is a cutaway view of another 11 of the reading room, showing the city of evil. FIG. 14 is an enlarged cut-away view of the belt showing the use of a grid on the induced book surface J4 ML H KEL H 2. 10: Frame 12 wires 14.16; Plate 17; X-ray source b; Gold
Strip nod; frame ρ; wire 24,
26: Mylar board, jL); End plate blade; Hole AI, A2; Operational amplifier Aid, A4; Comparator 01
, 02; Counter L) 1-JD3: Delay line F1.
t+'z; Noritsubu flop Gl, G2; AND
Game) TI, T2 two-level translator patent Applicant: Marvin Binivachaner (and one other person) 61゛View No. 032174 Name: Marvin Bee, Buchanan (1 person) (and 1 others) Supplementary iE Order No. 11, June 1980, 1111 (Help Delivery Date: June 2, 057)
9th) Subject of amendment 7, Oke +) - immanence (11 Power of attorney is captured 1.
L, l. +s+ +fl br Person John Eina, Broad 7%-s] Prove J's origin and position f 41! ! I
Axis lll1. Suj＊'fWlljJru, 8, Glass S↑・' Oath 94 eyes d Il+ Power of attorney and translation 1 song 121
Figure I & 1lJa!

Claims (1)

[Claims] (I) Two-dimensional, j'; Wjr Between the X-ray source and the gas exit surface and W; Wait for the energy level of O
ζ, the X-ray source and the detection gg4 separated gas (11-align; irradiate the entire object with X-rays from the A method for forming an XLS image for diagnosis, comprising: detecting; (2) The above-mentioned 1lfI″A body is xenon,
The diagnostic X-ray according to claim 1, wherein the X-ray source is a praseodymium anode.
A method for forming rough shadows. (3) The diagnostic X-ray shadow image according to claim 1, characterized in that the aforementioned four gases are krypton, and t is the X@kn yttrium °r node. Formation method (4) The diagnostic method according to claim 1, characterized in that the above-mentioned 44 gas is a gaseous erbium compound, and the above-mentioned X&[= is a tungsten anode.
A method for forming an X-ray shadow image. (5) the second X#iI source and the second detection g such that the X-rays generated by the second X-ray #tζ have an energy level just above the second gas absorption limit irradiating the proboscis 'ft with X-rays from the second X, IJ source, and detecting the second cb X knitting image in the gas electric chamber; Further e(old 1) Then, the shadow fI!? #information processing step r7 generates a u1 bowl that contrasts with the following X-ray image. Sten 7”f to compare X11M shadow image information obtained from irradiation
kf=F'f, where the standby state is rk, +6) The 5g5iy x-ray source is a praseodymium-gamma node, the @2 x-ray source is a yttrium-7 node, the first detector gas is xenon, and the second detector gas is xenon. The method for forming an X-ray image for proverbs according to claim 5, ttC, characterized in that the gas is krypton. (7) Gas absorption limit of the first detector! is the limit of xenon, and Md is the detection a gas absorption limit'#butterfly xenon OL limit of 2. . (8) In a gas isolation chamber suitable for producing X-rays: with an airtight container having a purpose therein that allows nine passages of X-rays; in a flat relationship roughly parallel to the window; a frame defining aligned apertures and carried by the frame within the frame aperture;
! The wire nodes in the Ig device consist of four closely spaced parallel thin wires; has been,
and a generally φ flat sheet made of an insulating material having an insulating surface of lNl facing said heap within said container and a second surface facing said heap: and said and means for applying a positive potential to the wire in relation to the second surface of the insulating sheet. a generally flat conductive sheet positioned adjacent to and aligned with the -t42J#i2&J surface of said sheet of absolute material; and of said heap; A for X-ray configuration according to claim 8&C, characterized in that it comprises a potential source connected to establish a positive potential between the wire and said *m=sheet. Body electric till device. (II) The gas ionization apparatus for extracting X-rays according to claim 9, characterized in that the conductive sheet is a metal packing on the sheet made of an insulating material. In relation to the second &+141 of the sheet, the 1a2 grid means is maintained at a positive potential in conjunction with the @20 surface which is substantially lower than the positive potential of the punishing wire 1 herb. the !2tL grid is positioned proximate the first QJ insulating surface to create a potential distribution on the first QJ insulating surface;
Claims vj characterized in that it thereby prevents the formation of pores on the first I2J insulating surface.
! i@ A-body storm separation device for X-ray detection according to item 10. aa Said second QJ Grid Means Co., Ltd. tA of claim 1, comprising an electrically conductive strip of IMWl bonded to said first QJ insulating surface.
The A-body ionization device for xls detection according to item 1. 0 The grid means of the -s2 is maintained at a potential of about 100 V above the potential of the surface of the σ description 2, but about 21) 00 V above the surface of the Wire Herb Co. t42. A gas-electronic S device for X-ray detection as set forth in claim @12. U4 said insulating sheet #i comprises the wall of said container opposite said X-ray penetrable window, and said insulating sheet #i
The gas electrical equipment device for X# detection according to Patent Claim 9, characterized in that it is made of a material transparent to ultraviolet rays, #4iJ the insulation sheet is made of quartz, 15. The gas ionization device for X-ray detection according to claim 14, which has a thickness of 1O mil (250 mm) or less. uhl is coupled to means for determining the total potential distribution created across the first surface of the insulating sheet by the ions immobilized by the jet once the container is filled with ncgz bodies, wherein: i+l;
A positive potential on the electrically conductive sheet is imprinted on a wire thereon and is such that photons entering the container are absorbed by atoms of the gas cJ4m!'t1m
The gas separation device for X-ray detection according to item 9. After detecting the potential distribution at the 70th and C using the above-mentioned means for the detection C, the first fy of the #1 insulation sheet is detected.
d. The gas ionization device for XIM detection according to claim 8, further comprising means for returning the surface f to a substantially uniform potential.・Applying conductive plasma to the first (2,1) surface of the m sheet of insulating material for returning the first surface of the +dl − period insulating film C to a uniform potential; 18. A gas ionization device for XM detection according to claim 17, wherein the means for returning the first surface of the uI# recording male insulating sheet to a uniform potential includes a conductive coating thereon. Patent claim Va, characterized in that it comprises a roller and means for introducing relative movement between the conductive coating of the roller and the first surface of the sheet of insulating material tJ. Described in item 17 tDX@@Output gas ""d14
Device. 4. said means for returning said surface of said insulating sheet to a uniform potential, comprising: applying an ultraviolet fluid through said sheet of insulating material to said tenth surface of said sheet of edge material; As set forth in claim 17, the invention is characterized in that it comprises an ultraviolet energy source of @QJ
Line detection gas d1111 device 0 C I) The above position detection means: Define a plane between the wire 7 frame and the insulating sheet! [11] A sliding horizontal bar held between the guide members and supported by the first surface of the insulating sheet; A driving means for introducing a relative amft between the tin dispersion C1 and the surface of the insulating sheet (/-); and; and operatively connected to plate 11, when relative movement occurs between said ridge and said first surface of said insulating sheet (b); first surface E
and an amplification means for separately detecting the electric charge r in the x4I device according to item 16. 22. Device according to claim 21, characterized in that said means Ifi for is fixed in relation to said salary. (2) In the autopsy container, connect the wire from the first insulating sheet to the opposing 111 part of the wire, and have a conductive backing on one side of the wire. a second insulating sheet facing the frame; a second capacitance it detection means for detecting potential distribution on the second insulating sheet; and uniformly disposing the other side of the 42 insulating sheets and a second means for applying a potential to the first insulating sheet l! lFi, relatively negative 4
means for holding the electrically conductive layer of the @2 insulating sheet to a potential Km of approximately 76 wires when a voltage of -1! is applied to the first insulating sheet C conductive layer; While maintaining the conductor 4 layer of insulation sheet in the 4th position of the wire, the 2nd'! The gas ant for dispensing X notes according to claim 16, characterized in that it comprises means for applying a relatively negative potential to the conductive layer of the J@ edge sheet. Device. C, '41 In a diagnostic X-ring detector, a container having a sealed eye I function therein with two XIM penetrable windows; a means for introducing 1 m of gas into said container; and an autopsy. an insulating frame mounted within the container and aligned flatly and parallel to the window to define an opening; an insulating frame aligned parallel to the frame and with an L frame facing the frame within the container; A pair of electrically conductive conductors are disposed on the sides of the FVc and a pair of parallel and closely spaced high-resistance conductors are carried on three frames in front of the i. a wire; - means for applying a negative potential to said plate in relation to said wire; and a gas operatively connected to said valleys of said wire; an electronic readout means for determining the location of four atomic events, said readout means having seventy gas ionization events in parallel from each said wire;
1'Jk integral, and thereby the 2D CX41i!
A diagnostic XN* output device characterized in that it includes six means for providing image information. (c) H1 tun thousand formula successive means mouth, the gas vt separation along the G wire by comparing the time at which the charge on that wire resulting from said event reaches the opposite end of the wire; A diagnostic X4I detector according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises means for determining the location of a λ-ray source; And X! ! a gas ionization detector with a filling gas that can be separated by 1% by photons, and the energy level
1. A diagnostic Xfil shadow imaging apparatus, characterized in that the X-ray source is arranged to produce a photon communion of energy just above the absorption limit of the gas. 1271 Claim IL Scope v!, characterized in that the x-ray source is a praseodymium acoustic anode and the detector gas is xenon. The i-th item is listed in Section 6.
Shadow trench forming device. t2) Q nuki X#+! Diagnostic X according to claim 1, characterized in that the source is a yttrium anode and the detector gas is krypton.
Line bite image formation reading spout. U! 1. Xfm shadow image formation for diagnostic M according to paragraph dg, paragraph j of the patent claims, further comprising an rji number of XIM# having energy matching the detector gas absorption limit of the number Device. 4. A diagnostic X-ray imaging device according to claim 4, characterized in that said detector contains a mixture of separable gases having different absorption limits. (3)) The diagnostic X-ray imaging device as set forth in claim C, wherein the X nuclear sources are matched to the absorption of the same four gases. 4 My X-ray source is cut on a rotatable turret for easy exchange from one X-ray source to another.
A diagnostic X-ray shadow image forming device +l according to claim 4, characterized in that: (The above-mentioned model includes: an airtight container levered by an X-ray penetrable window; a frame defining an opening aligned in a parallel and flat relationship with the window; 4iJ , ! , σ within the frame opening, and e wire herb within the container with closely spaced substantially parallel thin wires carried by the frame; 4iJ ! 5. having a first insulating surface aligned in a substantially parallel and planar relationship with the harp and facing the harp within said harp, and an opposing second surface; a generally flat sheet of insulating material; and means for impressing a positive Q position relative to the surface of the insulating sheet) relative to the Q wire. Diagnostic X described in the scope of the patent d
Line shadow imaging device - 0 4 匈 Anatomical means Vi for applying a positive electrical potential: a generally flat electrically conductive sheet located adjacent to and aligned with the second surface of said sheet of insulating material. and; and includes the wire of the harp and a zero filter connected by CD to establish a positive potential between the conductive sheet and Qi. #The diagnostic X-ray image formation Jl as described in Claims 1 and 2! l device. A diagnostic X-ray shadow imaging apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the conductive sheet is a metallic backing on the sheet L of insulating material. (to) maintained at a positive potential relative to said second surface of said sheet of insulating material that is substantially lower than the positive potential of the wire harp relative to said second surface of paragraph 11 of said sheet of insulating material; Second
&, further comprising grid means, said second grid being positioned in close proximity to said first insulating surface to create a potential distribution on said first insulating surface, thereby An ionization chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that it is adapted to prevent the formation of organic substances on insulating surfaces. 6η The diagnostic xmp* according to claim 1, wherein said second σ7 grid means comprises four conductive strips bonded to said first insulating surface.
Image forming device. (to) the second grid means is maintained at a potential of about 1410 V below the potential of the second surface, while the wire harp is maintained at about 2000 V above the potential of the 20th surface.
X-ray imaging device for diagnosis according to claim 37, characterized in that a hermetically sealed container having a permeable window therein; means for introducing 111fa gas into said container; and flatly aligned in rows with said window defining an opening. an insulating frame installed in the container; an insulating frame aligned parallel to the frame;
a pair of substantially conductive plates disposed on opposite sides 1 of said frame; high resistance wires spaced apart; means for applying a negative potential relative to said wires to said plate; and a! for each of said wires; electronic readout means for determining the location of a gas atom ionization event along said wire; said readout means is connected to said wire for providing 2eK original X#j image information; 6. A diagnostic X-ray shadow formation apparatus as claimed in claim 5, further comprising means for integrating gas ionization event information. (4) The gas ionization detector: has a hermetically sealed container having an X-ray permeable window therein, and the hermetically sealed container contains the following elements within it:
namely; a frame having an aperture aligned with said window; a thin wire carried by the frame within said frame aperture and substantially parallel to each other; first and twentieth insulating sheets disposed on opposing m portions of the frame, each side being lined with an electrically conductive material, the insulating sheets comprising:
its insulated side faces said frame and is aligned with said frame such that the plane defined by said sheet is generally parallel to the plane defined by said seven frames and windows; 1. In conjunction with the electrically conductive backing of the second sheet, warm the hands for applying a potential to the wires in sequence! ! ! and further comprising: controlling the conductivity of the first and second insulating sheets so as to maintain the other sheet at a negative potential 11C relative to the wire when one of the sheets is at a positive potential; In order to apply an electric potential to the surface in sequence, the first step is performed by ions immobilized on the Kst sheet when the container is filled with four separate gases. means for detecting a 4-position distribution made on the insulating sheet I: where a positive potential wire is marked (2) with respect to said second sheet; , X1m photons entering the conductive layer of the first insulating sheet having a relatively negative charge of +4) are absorbed by the atoms of the gas,
Claim 5, further comprising 02 means for establishing a uniform potential across the Giyu 1 insulation sheet after sensing 11It# on the 14411L insulation sheet. The diagnostic X-ray shadow image forming apparatus described above. aυ The electrostatic waste amount detection means 6, for each of the insulating sheets: an l-to-G guide member extending between the wire frame and both sets of insulating sheets; ■
, with a horizontal bar that can be printed, which is carried on the base of the insulating sheet; a uniform number of capacitance sensing plates; a drive means for introducing relative motion between said keypad and the surface of said insulating sheet; and operatively following said plates; and an amplifying means for separating and detecting the charge on the upper surface of the sl of both sets of insulating sheets when a relative movement occurs between the first surface of the insulating sheet and the first surface of the insulating sheet. The patent claim which consists of
#14 Prayer #Image forming device α