JPS5857066B2 - linear motor - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a linear motor that is levitated and driven by electromagnetic force. The present invention relates to an improved near motor that uses electromagnetic force to obtain the force that constantly holds and guides the magnet within the armature.

There are three main types of linear moke systems: synchronous linear motors and asynchronous linear motors.

A synchronous linear motor corresponds to a synchronous rotary motor, and it generates thrust by moving the field that generates a DC magnetic field in synchronization with the moving magnetic field generated by the armature coil. In this case, most of the proposals for transportation systems include an armature coil that generates a moving magnetic field as a ground-side stator, and a ground-side coil that generates a moving magnetic field as a vehicle-side stator. −It is of the following formula.

An asynchronous linear motor generates a moving magnetic field in the primary armature coil, and obtains propulsive force by the force generated between it and the eddy current generated in the secondary conductor.When using this in a transportation system, In most cases, the primary side (armature) is mounted on the vehicle, and the secondary side conductor is laid on the ground side.

This system is known as a so-called linear induction motor.

This linear synchronous motor is suitable for applications in a relatively slow speed range, and requires power on both the primary and secondary sides for applications in a high speed range, but the synchronous linear motor described above is better. Are suitable.

Furthermore, in the case of a linear induction motor, it is difficult for the linear motor itself to float and support the mover relative to the stator and guide it for alignment, and separate support and guide means are required.

Supporting and guiding means conventionally used in linear induction motors include those using magnetic attraction using an electromagnetic system separate from the linear motor, those using fluid injection such as air, and those using wheels such as rubber tires. It is being

On the other hand, synchronous linear motors can be roughly divided into linear synchronous motors using a cycloconverter or inverter, and DC linear motors using a cycloconverter and a cyclo-flip-flop inverter.Currently, both of these use an armature as a ground-side stator. Development is progressing as a ground-based system.

In a linear synchronous motor, the secondary field as a mover is a superconducting electromagnet, and the primary armature coil as a stator is supplied with alternating current power and its speed is controlled by frequency control.

In addition, in this linear synchronous motor, the propulsive force and guiding force of the mover are generated by a combination of the same superconducting electromagnetic field on the mover side and the armature coil on the stator side, and the floating blade is generated on a separate mover. It is generated by a combination of a superconducting electromagnet on the side and an induction coil on the stator side.

On the other hand, in a DC linear motor, a normal-conducting DC electromagnet is mounted on the mover side to serve as the secondary side, and an air-core armature coil is installed in an even-numbered multi-phase array on the stator side. A moving magnetic field is generated by commutating and supplying DC constant current power to the phase using a Cyrisk flip-flop impark, and the magnetic flux from the electromagnet interlinked with this generates a propulsive force due to the Fleming force and a floating blade on the moving element. giving.

In other words, the magnetic field generated by the side of the armature coil perpendicular to the direction of movement of the mover propels the mover at a speed corresponding to the commutation frequency, and the magnetic field generated by the side of the armature coil parallel to the direction of movement causes the mover to levitate. In this case, if another electromagnet is mounted on the moving element side, the armature coil can be used in common to obtain the guiding force.

Furthermore, in recent years, improvements to linear synchronous motors have been made in which the electromagnet on the mover side is a normal-conducting DC electromagnet, and the armature coil with an iron core is used on the stator side. The force proposed to be generated is ＼ Even in this case, the guiding force for aligning the mover must be of a different system.

As mentioned above, among the linear motors known to date, there is no single linear motor system that provides all the necessary functions of propulsion, driving force, floating blades, and guiding force using a single electromagnetic system. , each must be obtained in a separate system, or two of them must be obtained in one system and the rest in another system, which increases the number of equipment configurations on the mover side and the stator side and simplifies the process. I can't hope for it to change.

An object of the present invention is to provide a linear motor that can obtain all of the above-mentioned propulsive driving force, floating blade, and guiding force as electromagnetic force by combining a pair of field magnets and an armature.

That is, in the linear motor of the present invention, there is a field core having a field force as a moving element and a plurality of parallel magnetic poles along the direction of movement of the field force, and a field core having a plurality of parallel magnetic poles along the field force and the direction of movement of the field force, and a field core having a plurality of parallel magnetic poles along the magnetic field force and the direction of movement thereof, and The armature as a stator has a cross-sectional shape similar to that of the field core, and a plurality of magnetic pole rows are connected to the magnetic pole rows of the field. The armature core has a plurality of rows arranged in parallel along the length direction so that they face each other in parallel, and the excitation is switched in order so that each magnetic pole row becomes a single pole. an armature coil consisting of a multi-phase coil array that is wound around an armature core and is intermittently excited with direct current so that the unipolar magnetic pole moves in the length direction of the armature core;
The field and the armature are arranged so that their magnetic pole faces face each other with a parallel gap, and the driving force in the moving direction, the attractive force perpendicular to the magnetic pole face of the armature, and the driving force are generated. Both the force and the force for holding and guiding the field within the armature at right angles to the attraction force are applied to the field by excitation of the armature coil and the field coil.

The above-mentioned attractive force is caused by Maxwell stress in the air gap between the armature and the field, and the force that tries to keep the field within the armature is caused by the magnetic field in the direction perpendicular to the pole face and the armature This occurs as a Fleming force between the coils.

When this linear motor is used in a transportation system such as a floating railway, by arranging it horizontally with the armature magnetic pole surface facing downward and the field magnetic pole surface facing upward, the attraction force due to the Maxwell stress can be reduced by the load applied to the field. The force generated by the Fleming force acts as a guiding force that prevents the field from moving horizontally in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the slider.

To explain this invention in detail together with the drawings of the embodiment, FIG. 1 is a perspective explanatory view showing the basic embodiment structure and operating principle of the linear motor of the invention, in which the armature 10 as a stator is connected to the armature core 15. 4-phase coil array lL12, 13.14 to 2
The armature coil 16 is wound in a row configuration, and a current switch 17 for each phase coil row of the armature coil is included together with the basic circuit.

The armature core 15 is a so-called outer core having an E-shaped cross section, and its basic shape is as shown in FIG.

This armature core 15 has a plurality of parallel magnetic pole rows 15a and 15b extending in its length direction.

15c is formed to protrude downward, and the central magnetic pole row 15b has coil rows 11 to 1 arranged at predetermined intervals.
Slots 18 are provided at intervals of half the coil length of each coil of armature coil 16 as shown in FIG. 11 to 14 are attached, and when the coil is energized, each magnetic pole array 15a, 15b, 15c is, for example, 15a.

The coil winding direction and the current direction are determined so that the magnetic pole 15c is a north pole and the magnetic pole 15b is a south pole, so that the magnetic pole always becomes a unipolar magnetic pole.

In other words, the armature coil 16 is arranged by shifting each coil row by half the length of the coil as shown in FIG.
3. The coil rows 12 and 14 are each fitted between the coil pitches of each other to form one row, and these are mounted in two rows overlapping in the grooves 19a, 19b and the slot 18 to surround the magnetic pole row 15b.
The in-phase coils are connected in series and current switching device 1 is used.
By connecting 7 as shown in the figure, current in the same direction intermittently flows through each phase coil array in order, so that the unipolar magnetic field repeats movement in the length direction in phase order.

On the other hand, the field 20 as a mover includes a field core 21 having an E-shaped cross section and a length longer than half of the coil length, and a field coil 22 wound around the field core 21. The cross-sectional shape of the armature core 15 is the same as that of the armature core 15, and the magnetic pole faces thereof face each other.

The field core 21 has a plurality of parallel magnetic pole strips 21a, 21b, and 21c extending in its movement direction along the armature length direction, and the magnetic pole strips 21a face the magnetic pole row 15a of the armature core 15, 21b faces 15b, and 21c faces 15c.

The field coil 22 is installed in the groove 23 between the magnetic pole rows so as to surround the central magnetic pole row 21b, and by supplying DC current to the field coil 22 via the field control device 24, the armatures facing each other are controlled. The magnetic pole arrays 21a and 21c are excited to become unipolar magnetic poles, for example, S poles and N poles, so that they are attracted to each magnetic pole.

The linear motor of the present invention having the above-mentioned configuration is applied as a drive system for a transportation system such as an elevated railway as shown in FIGS. 3a, b, and c. The field is installed downward on the running road support girder 31, and the field frame 3 of the vehicle body 32 is installed so as to face it.
0, and the magnetic poles of different polarities are controlled so that they face each other with a predetermined parallel gap in between.

In FIG. 3a, 33 is an air spring that supports the auxiliary support tire 34 on the vehicle body 32, 35 is a rigid trolley for power supply, and 36 is a
is an auxiliary guide tire that is attached to the tip of the field frame 30 to prevent the vehicle body 32 from swinging more than the limit amount with respect to the support girder 31, and the auxiliary support tires 34 and 36 are It is provided solely to assist with unnecessary supporting force (floating blade) and guiding force controlled by the linear motor in the event of a failure.

As shown in FIG. 3, a pair of linear motors of the present invention are arranged on both sides of one vehicle, and each vehicle is equipped with four field magnets 20 as shown in FIG. 3, c.

The armature may be configured such that each phase coil array connected in series is sequentially excited by a suitable current switch for each suitable feeding section such as 300 m.

In this way, a driving force, a guiding force, and a floating blade are generated as shown in FIG. 1 according to the moving magnetic field generated in the armature by the commutation by the inverter, and for example, the vehicle is driven at 500 km.
It can be floated at high speeds of about m/h.

The principle of operation of the above-mentioned driving force, guiding force, and floating blade in the linear motor of this invention will be described.As shown in FIG. When a current flows, the field magnetic flux interlinks with the trailing edge of the coil 1L12 (the left side of the coil 11 or 12 in FIG.
A driving force in the direction is generated.

That is, the magnetic field of the field acts on the side of the armature coil perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the armature, a Fleming force is generated, and the field obtains a driving force as a reaction force.

The guiding force is the Fleming force that is generated when the armature and field face each other from the center to the left and right as shown in Figure 6, and the magnetic field of the field acts on the parallel sides of the armature coil along the armature's longitudinal direction. (arrow C), and when the armature and the field face each other with their centers aligned as shown in FIG. 5, they are balanced as guiding forces facing each other.

In this case, the guiding property can be changed by making the magnetic pole width of the armature and the magnetic pole width of the field different.

The floating blade is generated as mask well stress (arrow B) as shown in FIG. 5 because the armature and the field together create a unipolar magnetic field as described above.

This floating blade needs to maintain a constant face-to-face gap between the armature and the field, so it is necessary to control the gap by controlling the field current as shown in Figure 1. For the motor, current control for controlling the guiding force is not necessary, other than providing an appropriate stopper or auxiliary means such as the auxiliary guide tire 36 in FIG. What is necessary is to control the floating blade and control the commutation frequency of the driving force.

By appropriately designing the armature and field, the linear motor of this invention can achieve a maximum floating air gap of about 30 degrees, a maximum left and right guide width of 50 mrr@degrees, and a driving speed of 500 km.
/h can be obtained.

The configuration of the armature coil can be, for example, lap winding as shown in Fig. 7 or wave winding as shown in Fig. 8. In either case, each coil is wound in such a manner that the multi-phase coil arrays are wrapped with a predetermined dimension. It is only necessary to allow currents in the same direction to flow in phase order.

For example, in FIGS. 7 and 8, switches 41, 42, 4
3°44, 4L42, then 42, 43, then 43
．． By repeatedly conducting the coils 44, 44, and 41 in sequence, the magnetic field can be moved in the order of the coils 11, 12, 13, and 14.

In the above explanation, both the armature core and the field core have an E-shaped cross-section, but they can also have a U-shaped cross-section with similar dimensions, for example, as shown in FIGS. 9a-d. The armature core 15' and the field core 21' may be constructed using the armature core 15' and the field core 21'. In this case, the magnetic pole rows 15'a and 15'c on both sides of the armature core 15' are provided with alternating coil length pitches. Slots 18'a and 1 s'b are provided between which armature coil rows 1L12 and 13 are alternately inserted for each magnetic pole row.
．． 14 and wind it.

Also, both magnetic pole strips 21'a are provided on the field core 21'. Separate field coils 22'a and 22'b are wound around 21'b,
Currents in different directions are passed through both coils 22'a and 22'b, so that both magnetic pole strips become monopole magnetic poles with different polarities, for example, 2
Let 1'a be N and 21'b be S.

In the armature, a unipolar moving magnetic field is generated in which the magnetic pole array 15'a is the south pole by the coil 11.13 and the magnetic pole array 15'b is the north pole by the coil 12.14, and the coils 11, 12,
then 12.13, then 13.14, then 14,1
It is controlled to be excited in the order of 1.

In the example shown in FIG. 9, the pitch of the slots provided in one magnetic pole row of the armature core is twice as large as that of the armature core with an E-shaped cross section, that is, the pitch of the coil length, and The resistance in the magnetic circuit can be reduced and efficiency can be improved.

Furthermore, in the example shown in Fig. 3, which is given as an application example of the linear motor of the present invention, the guiding force is obtained by the guiding force indicated by arrow C in Fig. 6, or, for example, the armature and the field are placed vertically facing each other. ,
Such vertically arranged linear motors may be arranged on both sides of the vehicle body facing each other or back to back, and the floating blades indicated by arrows B in FIGS. 4 and 5.6 may be used for the guiding force.

As described above, according to the linear motor of the present invention, in addition to the driving force, the guiding force and the floating blade can be simultaneously generated by the combination of the armature and the field, and the field and the armature are Stable driving is possible by simply controlling the driving speed by controlling the commutation of the armature coil while controlling the field to prevent adsorption.

In addition, by using an outer iron core as the core, the thickness of the magnetic path at the back of the core can be made thinner, making it possible to use a lightweight long-pitch field, and both the field and the armature exert an attractive force on each other. Because of this, the floating air gap can be increased to a maximum of 30 m.

In addition, since the left and right guidance of the field can be performed by electromagnetic force acting on the sides parallel to the length direction of the coil, the maximum guidance time is 50
Since it can be made as large as approximately 1.0 mm, pneumatic rubber tires can be used as auxiliary guidance tires because they are softer than sliding shoes or hard tires and have a larger deformation amount under load. This means that running noise and resistance can be significantly reduced.

Furthermore, when the iron core is of the outer iron type, it becomes easy to equip cooling fins etc. on the outside of the periphery, and air cooling of the armature and field becomes extremely easy.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective explanatory view showing the basic structure and operating principle of an embodiment of the linear motor of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the armature core of the example shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3a. b and C are front, plan and side views showing an application example of the linear motor of the present invention, Fig. 4 is a side view showing the principle of generation of driving force and floating blade, and Fig. 5 is a diagram showing balanced guiding force and levitation. A front view showing the principle of generation of the blade, Figure 6 is a diagram explaining the principle of the guiding force that is generated to return the field when it shifts to the left, and Figure 7 is an example of how to wind the armature coil. Fig. 8 is an explanatory drawing showing another example of how the armature coil is wound; Fig. 9 a) b l Cl d shows another embodiment of the linear motor of the present invention; Figure, b
is a view taken along the line b-b of figure a, and C is a view taken along the line c-c of figure b.
is a view taken along line dd in figure b. 10: Armature, 1L12, 13, 14: Each phase coil constituting the armature coil, 15: Armature core, 15a, 15
b, 15c: magnetic pole array, 16: armature coil, 18 slot, 19a, 19b: groove, 20: field, 21: field iron core, 21a. 21b, 21c: magnetic pole strip, 22: field coil, 23: groove, 24: field control device, 30: field frame, 31: running road support girder, 32: vehicle body, 33: air spring, 34: auxiliary support tire , 35: rigid trolley, 36: auxiliary guide tire,
41.42,43,44: Switches.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A field core having a plurality of parallel magnetic poles along the direction of movement of the field magnet as a mover, and a field core having a plurality of parallel magnetic poles along the direction of movement of the field magnet, and a field core such that the magnetic poles become monopole magnetic poles in stripes. The armature as a stator has a cross-sectional shape similar to that of the field core, and a plurality of magnetic pole rows are connected to the magnetic pole rows of the field. An armature core having a plurality of rows arranged parallel to each other along the length direction so that each pole row faces each other in parallel, and the excitation of each pole row being switched at random so that each pole row becomes a single pole. The coil rows of multiple phases arranged in the length direction are shifted by a predetermined pitch in the length direction and are stacked in the height direction so that the single pole magnetic pole moves in the length direction of the armature core. an armature coil wound around an armature core, the field and the armature are arranged so that their magnetic pole faces face each other with a parallel gap therebetween, and the driving force in the moving direction is , an attractive force perpendicular to the magnetic pole surface of the armature, and a force for holding and guiding the field within the armature at right angles to both the driving force and the attractive force are applied to both the armature coil and the field coil. A linear motor characterized in that the magnetic field is caused to act on the magnetic field by excitation. 2. Claim 1 in which the field core and the armature core have an E-shaped cross-sectional shape facing each other, and a field coil or an armature coil is wound around each central magnetic pole strip or row. Linear motors listed in section. 3. The field core and the armature core have a U-shaped cross-sectional shape facing each other, and a field coil or an armature coil is wound around each magnetic pole strip or row on both sides. Linear motor described in item 1. 4. The linear motor according to claim 1, in which each phase coil row of the armature coil is a lap-wound coil. 5. The linear motor according to claim 1, wherein each phase coil row of the armature coil is a wave-wound coil. 6 The armature coils are composed of coil rows with a phase number that is an integral multiple of 2, and the armature coil rows are arranged so that the phases are shifted by half a pitch from each other. 2. The linear motor according to claim 1, wherein the excitation current is sequentially passed from the commutation circuit to each coil array so that the excitation current flows through each coil array.