JPS582196A - Pipe jack for well - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an improved jacking mechanism that can be placed in a well drilling rig and used to lower a casing string into a well drilled by the rig. . This jack is particularly desirable for use in deep, deep wells where the casing string is too heavy to be suspended and supported by the moving block and other conventional equipment of the rig. During this jack ri excavation, a rotary table is installed at a position in the rig and operates the gripping units in a relatively vertical direction so as to successively lower the casing. includes a piston-cylinder mechanism located on both sides of the central axis of the cylinder.

The present invention provides an improvement to the general type of jack described above, which in some respects reduces the force exerted by the lowered weight to the ground at the location where the rig is located. , relates to a method for reducing and transmitting the above-mentioned forces with a minimum of one structure, and preferably without exerting the above-mentioned forces on the rig frame structure itself.

These results utilize the cylinder of a piston-cylinder mechanism driving the jack as a load-bearing member for transmitting the force due to the load to the ground-supported pace.
Therefore, most of this will be achieved. These piston-cylinder mechanisms extend perpendicularly in the dimension of the central axis of the well, preferably in diametric dimensions with respect to this axis, and have a lower portion supported by the pace. The knob gripping structure of Wc/ is supported by the upper part of the piston-cylinder mechanism in such a relationship that the force loads exerted therefrom are transferred downwardly down the cylinder, and in turn The gripping structure is supported directly from the pace via these cylinders. A piston cooperating with the cylinder has a rod projecting upwardly beyond the cylinder, and a first/dive gripping unit is supported by the piston, with both grips for releasably gripping, supporting and lowering the casing. The holding units are each supported by λ upper structures. In assembling the jack, the λ cylinders are inserted through openings in the positioning template, which acts to hold the cylinders in a predetermined spaced relationship.

The above-mentioned and other features and objects of the invention will be made clearer by the following description of a representative embodiment of the invention, which is illustrated in the accompanying Figures IiK.

In FIG. 2, one nog of well drilling with a frame structure is indicated as a whole by lO. The well drilling rig 10 has a mast that projects upward, that is, a drilling tower 11, and a horizontal floor 12 which is spaced upward from the ground 13 at the lower end of the tower 11.
, and a substructure 14 that supports the horizontal floor 12 and the mast 11 . A tensioning device 15 acts via a line 16 to raise and lower a moving block 17 suspending the string and other equipment into the well. FIG. 2 shows the rig after the actual drilling of a well in the ground, when the present invention is used to redirect the jacks 19 to lower the string of casings 20 into the well. placed within.

FIG. 1 shows the rig during a cut-and-cut operation, where a conventional rotary table 21 is located in a central recess or center of the floor 12 of the rig.
? The rotary table is arranged in the opening 22 and the rotary table is arranged in the recess 22.
It is supported by a pair of parallel beams 23 across the underside of the frame. The beams 23 may be identical l-beams as shown, which are located evenly along the vertical axis of the rig and the well, and which are connected to the rig undercarriage 14 at each end.
connected to. It operates through a conventional mask bushing and a square bushing, schematically shown as a rotary table 21ri25, thereby allowing a non-circular Kelly (kslly)
26 and its connected drilling/ear 27 are rotated and motorized around the shaft 1R24 to perform drilling of the well.

The jack 19 may have a load-handling capacity of 19 mm, and it includes a rig frame structure consisting of a mast 11 and support structure 14, a tensioning device, an actuating tree 16, a crown block 28, a moving glock 17 and other related equipment. Exceeds the load handling capacity of equipment, etc. The construction is such that the tensioning equipment, rig frame structure, and associated equipment for suspending the drill string 27 are capable of supporting and driving drill strings up to a weight of 500 tons or less. Such load-handling capacity appears to be quite sufficient to support the drill string to the desired depth, but does not support the greater weight of the string of casing 20 required to line a hole of that same depth. I cannot support it. Therefore, the jack 19 has a considerably larger load handling capacity than a pull gk device, for example, 1oo
It has the capacity to support loads of up to 1,000 tons and allows the above-mentioned rigs to lower very heavy casings into the ground without having to use rigs with heavier load-bearing capacity during scooping operations. be able to.

Referring to FIG. 3, the jack 19 is a shirtless structure containing four representative identical piston-cylinder mechanisms 29, which are supported at their lower ends on a pace 30, which is in contact with the ground surface. Supported by

To help accommodate the heavy loads of the casing string, a co/crete foundation 31t is formed in a hole or cradle 32 (FIG. 2) drilled in the ground, and the top surface pressure of this foundation is A single horizontal metal plate 33 can be arranged at a height of , and the pace 30 can be engaged with and supported by these metal plates 33. The casing 20 extends downward between both piston-cylinder mechanisms 29 and further passes through a blowout preventer 34 attached to the m section of the well.

The pace 30ri preferably takes the form of a rigid structure assembled from a number of metal parts, which metal parts are suitably bolted or otherwise secured;
The body of the casing and well shaft form two similar upwardly projecting portions 35 and 36. The upwardly projecting parts 35 and 36 are rigidly connected by parts 37 and 38 (FIG. 7) K, and the parts 37 and 38ri are just above the ground 111.
Moreover, the lowermost barrier is positioned below the upwardly protruding portion 40 of the injection device. pace 3
The tops of the upwardly protruding parts 35 and 36 are horizontal metal plates 39
The piston-cylinder mechanism 29 is mounted thereon.

The two piston/cylinder mechanisms 29 may be one and the same, and these cylinder mechanisms 29 extend vertically Km along λ vertical parallel axes @40 and 41, which axes 40 and 41 correspond to the rig and well. The main axis #! 24, and are spaced apart from the main axis at intervals 111 diametrically with respect to the main axis. The cylinder 42 of each piston-cylinder mechanism 29 has a tubular side wall 43, the inner and outer sides of which are cylindrical about an axis 40 or ri 41, and whose lower end S has a horizontal base. It is closed by a wall 44. The horizontal bottom wall 44 engages with the side wall 42 and is fixed thereto by welding or the like, and is attached to the upper surface of the top plate 39 of the pace 30. cylinder 4
The lower end of 20 is restrained from moving horizontally from a predetermined position on the pace structure by a plurality of positioning lugs or positioning fingers 45.
The positioning finger 45 is brought into contact with the plate 39 and protrudes upwardly therefrom, at which time the positioning finger 45 engages with the outer surface of the lower end at a spaced apart position on the circumference. That is, the fingers 45 form a socket structure into which the lower end of the cylinder 42 is insertable in positioning relation. As shown in FIG. 7, q lugs 45 may be spaced around each cylinder 42. The upper ends of these lugs 45 may be provided with cams 1i 46, the cam surfaces 46 sloping downwardly as they proceed radially inwardly towards the axis 40 or 41, so that as the cylinder moves downwardly within the socket structure. , the cylinder is medium IL
? You will be guided to your location.

The piston 47 of each piston-cylinder mechanism 29 is slidably engaged with the cylinder 42 and is capable of reciprocating up and down along the axis 40 or 41. f store 4
7μ piston rod 48, piston rod 4
8, the upper +1!149 of the cylinder 42 is sealed and protrudes upward. Pressurized working fluid is selectively supplied to the upper and lower ends of the cylinders via conduits schematically shown as working fluid supplies fIL51 to FIL50 under the control of the operator on the floor 12 of the rig, and Control of the trap is accomplished by actuating a 520 control element, typically through a suitable pilot valve assembly, which causes pressurized actuating fluid to exit the lower end of the cylinder. By admitting pressurized working fluid from its upper end, the piston is forced downwardly relative to the cylinder.
1K movement, - 10,000 Reversing the working fluid line connections causes the piston to move upwards.

Two adjustable choke valves 5 for the flow rate of working fluid discharged from the underside of the piston during the downward movement of the piston.
Preferably, the adjustment is made by changing the opening degree K of the casing 20. In this case, the lowering speed of the casing 20 when lowered by the jack 20 can be accurately and reliably controlled.

The upper ends of both cylinders 42 are positioned in a desired mutually spaced relationship by downwardly passing a cylinder positioning and locking frame or template 54 therethrough. The frame 54 can be made from essentially flat sheet metal members, which are welded together as shown in FIGS. 3 and 6. The strips are comprised of rigid metal strings 55 connected in a -11 line by a transverse connecting member 56 from which two spaced apart typically rectangular apertures 57 are formed. The dimensions of these openings 57 are such that they will snugly accommodate the cylinder 42, and the axis +i! ! ] 40 and 41 are kept in proper space. The frame or template 54 is formed with a rectangular central opening 58 with a single rectangular opening 57 sized to allow the extension of the casing 20 to pass downwardly therethrough.

The piston-cylinder mechanism 29 is placed on the upper surface of the two horizontal flanges of the rotary table support beam 23, so that the piston-cylinder mechanism can be inserted downward into the opening 57.

The cylinders 42ri are arranged above the height of the stereotactic template 54 and arranged around its outer surface at equal intervals, and are connected to each other at equal intervals! Carrying a racket or hooked lug 59, a number of typical Kr1U-shaped links 61 are pivotally connected to the hooked lug 59 with horizontal pins 60. The screw 161 passes through the opening between the link 61 and the tensile plate 54 and extends in the vertical direction 'tJ! ÷biru. The screw 161 can be provided with a head that bears downwardly on the link and a nut that bears upwardly on the template 9, and is held against the cylinder template by this K, thereby preventing upward movement of the cylinder. be done. However, the cylinder 42 is able to move slightly downward relative to the f7f rate due to the vertical spacing shown between the slot 61 and the tensile rate 54. This is because the screw is inserted into the tensile rate during the downward movement of the cylinder! I4
This is because the template IC can be moved downward during the open day.

Ten plate 54 is held in a fixed position by attachment to beam 23, such as with a number of L-shaped ramps or fasteners 123. The clamp 123 extends through the opening in the tenten plate 54, and its lower end is connected to the beam 2.
Bent at $11 under 3 of 7 runs, clamp 123U
It is tightened against the seven flange with a threaded connection by a nut at its upper end.

Each cylinder 42 has an annular 7
carries a lunge 62; Regarding this 72/Shiro 2,
It can be formed as a rigid piece of metal or the like welded to its outside. 7 Above the flange 62, the cylinder 4
2 supports a first upper transverse support structure 63 on which a first casing gripping unit 64 is mounted.
is carried. Similarly to the upper end ri of the piston rond 48, it carries a No. 1 upper support structure 65 and operates the support structure in the vertical direction. A fourth gripping unit 66 is supported on the support structure 65 . The support structure 65 may typically have an external shape as shown in the plan view of FIG. As shown in FIG. 9, the support structure 65 includes upper and lower rigid metal horizontal plates 67 attached by vertically extending members 68 traps, which horizontal plates extend through and through the eettro 5. It is shaped to form a relatively large central vertical opening 69 centered on the axis 1M24, with cylinder axes 40 and 4 on both sides of the central vertical opening 69.
λ small open lower lowers 0 centered at λ are provided. For the open lower dimension 00, the reduced diameter end of the piston rod 48 is precisely accommodated and aligned with the annular shoulder of the piston rod 48. faces upwardly and engages the lower plate 67 of the unit 65, so that it is supported from the piston rod. A retaining ring 73, which is fitted into a groove trap at the upper end of the piston/rod, engages the upper plate 6 around the open loft O, and from this trap the unit 65 is locked to the piston rod.
Both the piston and rod are designed to move up and down. The gripping unit 66 has a horizontal bottom 111rM74,
This engages the horizontal upper surface of the upper plate 67 of the support structure 65, at which time the unit 1 unit 66 has a number of locating lugs 75 fixed to the upper plate 67 and uniformly spaced around the circumferential pressure surface. (typically q lugs) by being accommodated between #! My heart is set on 24. The lug 75 is preferably provided with a camming surface 76 which slopes downwardly as it advances radially inward, thereby centering the unit 66 on the support structure 65.

The support structure 63ri to which the cylinder is attached is constructed essentially the same as the structure 65 described above, and includes a relatively large center-to-center lower 7 and two small openings located diametrically between each other. A lower opening 8 is provided, the open lower opening 8 being sufficiently larger than the corresponding opening 70 of the upper structure 65 so that the cylinder 42 can be accommodated in the correct position.

The gripping unit 64ri rests on the upper side of the upper horizontal plate 79 of the structure 63 and is positioned by a lug 175 corresponding to the lug 75 already mentioned for the structure 65.

The two gripping units 64 and 66 are identical and of the well-known type with contoured slides for releasably gripping and supporting the casing. The upper part of the gripping unit 66 is shown schematically in the diagram, and includes an outer (outer) cubic-II body 80, in which a wedge-shaped slide 9 is shown.
An inner sliding surface 81 is provided with a downwardly protruding tip that can be engaged with the member 82 , so that when the sliding member 82 moves downward relative to the annular rigid body 80 , the cam 81 is engaged with the member 82 . The action causes the slide members to be guided inwardly into gripping engagement with the casing. Sliding member 8
The inner surface 83 of 2 is formed with gripping dies or teeth 84 which engage the surface of the casing and effectively support it.

The sliding member 82 is suspended by a ring 85, and the sliding member is connected to the ring 85 by a link 86, so that when the sliding member is moved up and down, the link 86 moves radially inward and outward. I can do it. Such vertical movement is performed by a plurality of piston-cylinder mechanisms 87 spaced apart along the circumference, in this case connected to the cylinder 1'1llil body 80 and also connected to the piston beam/gage 85. ·Needless to say,
When the sliding member is at the operating position shown by the solid line in Figure 13,
The casing is supported by the gripping unit, but the casing is free to move downwardly relative to the slide member when the slide member is in the retracted position shown in broken lines in FIG.

To briefly summarize and clarify the operating cycle of the illustrated apparatus, it is assumed that the rig is initially in the configuration IIK of FIG. That is, in the prone motion, the rotary table 21 t
. It is suspended and gradually lowered under the control of the tensioning device 15. The frame structure of the rig, tension device, moving block, cable 16, etc. are typical! ;00) and the total weight of the drill string μ at maximum hole depth is well within this limit. If the weight of the casing to be lowered into the borehole exceeds this limit, the rotary table 21 is removed from the rig and the rig 19 is placed in the K-IJ as shown in FIG. This jack typically has a load handling capacity of up to i,00 tons, which is sufficient to support very heavy casings. FIGS. 9-1iriA< schematically illustrate several steps in assembling the jack into the rig. The first step is to position the cylinder positioning frame or template 54 in the rig, which lowers the tenten plate 54 into the recess 22C in the rig floor to form the beam as shown in FIG. 23 KL, and then attaching the tensile rate 54 to the beam 23 with element 123 K so as to reach the support structure 11K on the upper side of 23.
Therefore, it is done. After positioning and locking the tensile rate 54 in this manner, move it from the position above the floor of the piston-syringe mechanism 29ri17 to the supporting position on the base 3o along the respective axes 114G and 41. the lower end of the cylinder is then received in the socket structure formed by the lug 45. What is the insertion position of the cylinder mechanism on such a screw? It is illustrated in @.

The next step is to lower the upper support-transparent body 63 of the chick 10 relative to the piston-cylinder mechanism from the rusted position shown in FIG. 10 to the solid line position shown in the figure, where the cylinder is housed in the open lower 8 of the structure 63, and the lower surface of the lower plate 88 of the structure 63 engages the horizontal upper surface of the 7 flange 62 around the front lower 8, thereby 63 is effectively supported via cylinder 42. The gripping unit 64 can then be positioned on the structure 63 and the upper support structure 65 can be moved downwardly from the dashed line position in Figure 1 to the solid line position in the same figure, where the piston - The upper end of the rod is housed in the open lower 0 of the structure 65, and
ri effectively supported by the piston rod and operable in <11 transverse directions, and by the ring 73 the piston/@rod 48. , held on top. The upper holding unit 66 can then be placed on the structure 6S to bring the jack into operation.

Each length or section of casing 20 can be lowered by a moving block as shown in FIG. 2 along axis 1124 to a position where it joins another string of casings suspended midway down the well. While lowering the length of the casing string in this way, the casing string already placed in the well is gripped by the gripping unit 64, and the casing section to be added is shown in FIG. As shown, it is lowered by the upper gripping unit 66 and the upper end of the hanging string is
IH5! be done. During or after connecting the casing compartment to the string, the piston-cylinder mechanism 29 moves its piston, the upper support unit 65 and the gripping unit 66 mounted thereon to the 0*m position in the first figure. At this time, the sliding member of the gripping unit is released, and by subsequent actuation of the sliding member, the lx unit 6 effectively grips and supports the casing string. It is now possible to do so. The gripping unit 64 is then released by upward actuation of its sliding member, which traps the casing string to allow free downward movement under the control of the jack 190. The vertical downward movement is effected by actuating the valve control of the delta flannel 52 to expel pressurized fluid from the lower end of the cylinders 42 and to allow pressurized fluid to flow into the upper end of each cylinder. In this case, the discharge of pressurized fluid from the lower end is controlled by a choke valve 5 to lower the piston and its associated components at a controlled variable flow rate that satisfies the operating conditions at the time.
Regulated by 3tC. After the upper gripping unit 66 and its support structure 65 have been lowered to the solid line position shown in FIG. 2, the sliding member of the lowering gripping unit 64 is actuated to grip the casing string again. At the same time, the upper member 66 is opened, and by this opening, the second knit is returned upward to the position shown by the broken line, and the lowering operation is repeated. In this way, the casing is lowered step by step nine times by counteracting the lifting and lowering movements of the gripping unit 66 and the structure 65, the casing string being lowered during the lifting movement of the unit 66. is suspended by Ennin) 64, and during its downward movement by Ennin) 66.

When the weight of the casing string is suspended by the holding unit 64 during jacking operation, the entire load of the string is transferred from the unit 64 and its support structure 63 through the side wall 43 of the cylinder 420 of the piston-cylinder mechanism 29. It is transmitted to the support pace 30, the concrete foundation below it, and the ground. Upper gripping unit 66
When supporting the IJ cylinder, the force of the load is similarly transmitted downwardly through the piston-cylinder mechanism.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

It is a partial cutaway view of the drilling rig during drilling of the first fjArt well. FIG. 2 shows the rig of FIG. 1 with the rotating f-f lever removed and the jack of the present invention placed inside. FIG. 3 is a partially cutaway view of the jack of FIG. 2. FIG. 9 is a partial side view taken along the fastener 41n-IK of FIG. 3. FIG. S is a plan view along line j-5 of FIG. M, 7. 6 and 7 are horizontal cross-sectional views along lines 6-6 and 7-7 of FIG. 3; FIG. FIG. 3 is an abbreviated longitudinal cross-sectional view of one of the slip-type gripping units taken along the line g in FIG. S. Figures 1, 10 and 1/1 are diagrams illustrating the steps in assembling the jack on the rig. 10... Rig, 11... Mast, 19... Jacket, 20... Casing, 24... Center 1! +In
1N, 27...Casing string, 29...
Piston-cylinder mechanism, 30...Base structure, 42
...Cylinder, 43...Cylinder wall, 47...
Piston, 63...Other units, 65...Casing support unit. Representative Patent Attorney Nakamura Nezuyama
Headquarters Director Hachi Kushioka Immediate question Fumi Otsuka
Kaikai Shishido Yoshi -FIG,
3 FIG, 4 FIG, 5 (FIG, 6 2 FIG, 7 FIG, 8 FIG, 9 FIG, 10 ↓ Low-FIG, 11

Claims (1)

[Claims] (11) A jack used in a well drilling rig having an upwardly protruding mast, in which the jack drills a well with a front rig, leaves the mast at the drilling position, and then remains in place. , operable to lower into the well a casing string heavier than the load-bearing capacity of the mast, said shirt Φ containing a cylinder and a piston at each -I of the central axis of the well and one casing support. Including the unit, 10,000 liters of casing support unit
In a jack supported by a piston and operable by the piston to move upwards and downwards, without transmitting the forces due to the casing load through the mast used for excavation, the Shatzki, characterized in that the casing unit of the cylinder is supported by the upper part of said cylinder via the cylinder wall from the pace structure at the lower end of the cylinder.