JPH11322399A - Concrete hardened body using extremely pulverized fly ash - Google Patents
Concrete hardened body using extremely pulverized fly ashInfo
- Publication number
- JPH11322399A JPH11322399A JP11043856A JP4385699A JPH11322399A JP H11322399 A JPH11322399 A JP H11322399A JP 11043856 A JP11043856 A JP 11043856A JP 4385699 A JP4385699 A JP 4385699A JP H11322399 A JPH11322399 A JP H11322399A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fly ash
- concrete
- cement
- pts
- solution
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011384 asphalt concrete Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011382 roller-compacted concrete Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011882 ultra-fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】この発明は主として路面又は
床面舗装用若しくはコンクリート二次製品用等のように
早強性を必要とするものに適した超微粉砕フライアッシ
ュを使用したコンクリート硬化体に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a concrete hardened material using ultra-fine pulverized fly ash, which is suitable mainly for those requiring fast strength, such as for pavement on a road or a floor, or for secondary concrete products. .
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする課題】従来フ
ライアッシュを混合したセメントを使用したコンクリー
トは、産業廃棄物であるフライアッシュを有効利用をす
る目的で開発されて来ているが、フライアッシュ混合コ
ンクリートは初期強度の発現が遅いため、早強性が必要
なコンクリートやコンクリート二次製品には使用されな
い。また、フライアッシュは、その外形が球状のため、
流動性を増大させるために使用されることが多く、球状
外形を破壊する超微粉砕については考えられなかった。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, concrete using cement mixed with fly ash has been developed for the purpose of effectively utilizing industrial waste fly ash. Since mixed concrete has a low initial strength, it is not used for concrete or secondary concrete products that require early strength. Also, fly ash has a spherical outer shape,
Often used to increase fluidity, micronization that breaks the spherical profile was not considered.
【０００３】次に、従来の転圧コンクリートは、施工後
の極早期強度の発現が必要なため、水セメント比の小さ
い超硬練り普通ポルトランドセメントを転圧しながら施
工するが、初期強度発現の遅いフライアッシュセメント
の使用は問題があった。使用してもフライアッシュが３
０％以下であり、初期強度が低く、実験的なものであ
る。[0003] Next, conventional compacted concrete is required to develop an extremely early strength after the construction, and is therefore carried out while compacting ultra-hard kneaded ordinary Portland cement having a low water-cement ratio. The use of fly ash cement was problematic. 3 fly ash even if used
0% or less, low initial strength, experimental.
【０００４】この発明は、フライアッシュを大量利用し
たコンクリートの極早期の強度発現問題を解決し、しか
も後期強度も伸び、乾燥収縮が小さい、水密性，化学抵
抗性の高いコンクリートを提供することを目的とする。
特に早期強度の必要な転圧コンクリート及びコンクリー
ト二次製品用材料に適用することを企図している。[0004] The present invention solves the problem of the development of the strength of concrete using fly ash in a large amount at an extremely early stage, and also provides concrete having high watertightness and chemical resistance, which has an increased late-stage strength, a small dry shrinkage, and so on. Aim.
In particular, it is intended to be applied to materials for compacted concrete and concrete secondary products requiring early strength.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記問題点を解決するた
めの本発明のコンクリート硬化体は第１に、セメントに
ブレーン比表面積４，０００ｃｍ2／ｇ以上に超微粉砕
したフライアッシュを添加したことを特徴としている。In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a concrete hardened body of the present invention comprises firstly adding fly ash which has been ultrafinely ground to a cement having a specific surface area of 4,000 cm 2 / g or more to cement. It is characterized by:
【０００６】第２に７％以下のアルカリ性反応促進剤溶
液で混練し、水の沸点以下の高温で加熱した後加圧成形
したことを特徴としている。Second, it is characterized in that it is kneaded with an alkaline reaction accelerator solution of 7% or less, heated at a high temperature below the boiling point of water, and then molded under pressure.
【０００７】[0007]
【発明の実施の形態】本発明においては、通常微粉砕し
ないで使用されるフライアッシュを超微粉砕して、水を
使用せずにアルカリ溶液を混合して、その上加温，加圧
して作製されることを特徴としており、フライアッシュ
の水和反応を促進するための手法、即ち超微粉砕化、反
応促進剤としてのアルカリ溶液の使用、加温、加圧（転
圧）等の促進法を総合的に最適方法で適用させたもので
ある。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In the present invention, fly ash, which is usually used without pulverization, is pulverized, mixed with an alkaline solution without using water, and further heated and pressurized. It is characterized by being manufactured, and is a technique for accelerating the hydration reaction of fly ash, that is, micronization, use of an alkaline solution as a reaction accelerator, heating, pressurization (rolling), etc. The method is applied in an overall optimal manner.
【０００８】以下その実施形態につき具体的に説明する
と、通常のフライアッシュをブレーン比表面積４，００
０ｃｍ2／ｇ以上、例えば５，０００ｃｍ2／ｇ位迄のも
のを含む程度に超微粉砕化した超微粉砕フライアッシュ
６０部、セメント４０部及び砂１８０部を、アルカリ性
反応促進剤溶液としての５％硫酸ソーダ溶液３０部で混
練し、８０℃で３０分加熱した後、直径５ｃｍ高さ５ｃ
ｍの円柱に１００ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ2で加圧形成し、以後常
温湿空状態で、１日，３日間それぞれ養生した。その結
果本試料の圧縮強度は材令１日は２１９ｋｇｆ／ｃ
ｍ2，材令３日は３０２ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ2のものが得られ
た。[0008] The embodiment will be described in more detail below.
0 cm 2 / g or more, for example 5,000 cm 2 / g position until micronised fly ash 60 parts of micronised to the extent, including those, 40 parts cement and sand 180 parts, as alkaline reaction accelerator solution After kneading with 30 parts of 5% sodium sulfate solution and heating at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes, diameter 5 cm, height 5 c
m was pressed under a pressure of 100 kgf / cm 2 and then cured for 1 day and 3 days, respectively, in a humid air at room temperature. As a result, the compressive strength of this sample was 219 kgf / c for one day of material age.
m 2 , a material having a material age of 302 kgf / cm 2 was obtained on the third day.
【０００９】これに対し、通常の未粉砕フライアッシュ
６０部、セメント４０部及び砂１８０部を水１８０部で
混練した場合の同一条件下の実験では、材令１日強度は
２５ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ2、材令３日強度は５１ｋｇｆ／ｃ
ｍ2、材令７日強度は７３ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ2のものが得られ
た。また超微粉砕とほぼ同粒子からなる分級フライアッ
シュの２０％混和モルタルの材令３日の強度は１４２ｋ
ｇｆ／ｃｍ2であり、フライアッシュ混入量が少ない場
合は分級フライアッシュも強度が高まる。これらの事か
ら、通常の球状フライアッシュや未粉砕の分級微粒子フ
ライアッシュを用いた場合と、同量の超微粉砕フライア
ッシュを用いた場合の高強化及び早強度化の差が明らか
に判別できる。On the other hand, in an experiment under the same conditions where 60 parts of ordinary uncrushed fly ash, 40 parts of cement and 180 parts of sand were kneaded with 180 parts of water, the one-day strength was 25 kgf / cm 2 , Material age 3 days strength 51kgf / c
m 2 , a 7-day old material having a strength of 73 kgf / cm 2 were obtained. In addition, the strength of a 3 day old mortar of 20% admixed mortar of classified fly ash consisting of the same particles as ultra-fine pulverization is 142k.
gf / cm 2 , and when the amount of fly ash mixed in is small, the classified fly ash also has an increased strength. From these facts, the difference between the case of using normal spherical fly ash and uncrushed classified fine particle fly ash and the case of using the same amount of ultra-fine crushed fly ash and the difference between high strengthening and early strengthening can be clearly distinguished. .
【００１０】ちなみにセメント１００部を用いた普通ポ
ルトランドセメントは約１５０ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ2であるか
ら、これと比較しても強度の高さと早強化性が特段に優
れていることが明らかである。なお上記アルカリ性反応
促進剤としては、硫酸ソーダ溶液のほか、ＮａＯＨ，Ｋ
ＯＨ，Ｋ2ＳＯ4等の使用が可能である。Incidentally, since ordinary Portland cement using 100 parts of cement has a weight of about 150 kgf / cm 2 , it is apparent that the strength and the early strengthening property are particularly excellent in comparison with this. Examples of the alkaline reaction accelerator include sodium sulfate solution, NaOH, K
OH, K 2 SO 4 or the like can be used.
【００１１】次にフライアッシュ量を多めにして超微粉
砕フライアッシュ８０部、セメント２０部、その他は上
記と同条件で実験を行った結果、材令１日強度は１２６
ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ2、材令３日強度は２１６ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ2で
あった。ちなみに同一配合で通常の未粉砕フライアッシ
ュを用いた場合、材令１日では１０〜１５ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ
2，同３日では３０ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ2であり、また上記普通
ポルトランドセメント１００部使用のものに比しても十
分な高強度化が実現できるものと認められる。Next, an experiment was carried out under the same conditions as described above except that the amount of fly ash was increased and 80 parts of ultra-fine pulverized fly ash, 20 parts of cement, and the like were found.
kgf / cm 2, wood-old three days strength was 216kgf / cm 2. By the way, when ordinary uncrushed fly ash is used in the same composition, 10 to 15 kgf / cm in one day of material age
2 and 3 days, it is 30 kgf / cm 2 , and it is recognized that a sufficiently high strength can be realized as compared with the case of using 100 parts of the ordinary Portland cement.
【００１２】なお上記実施形態において明らかなよう
に、フライアッシュは単に燃焼廃棄された通常の球状分
級微粒子では限られた混入量の場合のみに効果があり、
このため本発明においては超微粒子に粉砕することを条
件としており、アルカリ性反応促進剤溶液も初期の効果
を得るためには７％以下の濃度であることが望ましい。
また微粉砕もブレーン比表面積も４，０００ｃｍ2／ｇ
以上（粒径約６μｍ以下）であることが望ましく、加熱
時の温度も反応促進効果を得るためには水の沸点（約１
００℃）以下が好ましい。As is apparent from the above embodiment, fly ash is effective only in the case of ordinary spherical classified fine particles burnt and discarded when the mixed amount is limited.
For this reason, in the present invention, pulverization into ultrafine particles is required, and the concentration of the alkaline reaction accelerator solution is preferably 7% or less in order to obtain the initial effect.
The fine pulverization and the specific surface area of the brane are 4,000 cm 2 / g.
(The particle diameter is about 6 μm or less).
00 ° C) or less.
【００１３】その他上記のような超微粉砕のコンクリー
トを舗装等に用いる場合であって、コンクリートを路床
又は床下地部分等に敷設転圧する場合には、硬化前又は
硬化進行初期（数十分位）の段階で転圧コンクリート上
に、２００℃前後に加熱された通常のアスファルトコン
クリート積層して敷設転圧すると、その敷設時には概ね
１００℃以下に放熱された状態で転圧されることとな
り、コンクリートの早強化及び高強度化がさらに促進さ
れる利点がある。[0013] In addition, when the above-mentioned ultra-finely pulverized concrete is used for pavement or the like and the concrete is laid on a subgrade or a floor foundation and the like and rolled, the hardening before curing or the early stage of curing (several tens of minutes) At the stage of), normal asphalt concrete heated to around 200 ° C is laminated on the compacted concrete and laid and rolled, and when laid, it will be rolled with heat radiated to approximately 100 ° C or less, There is an advantage that early reinforcement and high strength of concrete are further promoted.
【００１４】[0014]
【発明の効果】以上のように構成される本発明のコンク
リート硬化体によれば、各種工事用コンクリート施工、
コンクリート二次製品製造等に際し、コンクリートの極
早期の高強度が発現され、フライアッシュを大量に低コ
ストで有効利用できる。またコンクリートの後期強度も
伸び、乾燥収縮が小さく、水密性、化学抵抗性の高いコ
ンクリートを得ることができる。さらにフライアッシュ
の分級微粒子を用いる場合に比して初期及び後期の硬化
性に優れており、且つ分級の労力及び時間が節約できる
利点がある。According to the concrete hardened body of the present invention constituted as described above, concrete construction for various works can be performed.
In the production of secondary concrete products, etc., the very high strength of concrete is exhibited at an extremely early stage, and fly ash can be effectively used in large quantities at low cost. In addition, the late strength of the concrete is increased, the drying shrinkage is small, and the concrete having high watertightness and chemical resistance can be obtained. Furthermore, compared with the case where classified fine particles of fly ash are used, there is an advantage that the curability at the initial stage and the late stage is excellent, and labor and time for classification can be saved.
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
────────────────────────────────────────────────── ───
【手続補正書】[Procedure amendment]
【提出日】平成１１年３月８日[Submission date] March 8, 1999
【手続補正１】[Procedure amendment 1]
【補正対象書類名】明細書[Document name to be amended] Statement
【補正対象項目名】特許請求の範囲[Correction target item name] Claims
【補正方法】変更[Correction method] Change
【補正内容】[Correction contents]
【特許請求の範囲】[Claims]
【手続補正２】[Procedure amendment 2]
【補正対象書類名】明細書[Document name to be amended] Statement
【補正対象項目名】０００５[Correction target item name] 0005
【補正方法】変更[Correction method] Change
【補正内容】[Correction contents]
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記問題点を解決するた
めの本発明のコンクリート硬化体は第１に、セメントに
ブレーン比表面積４，０００ｃｍ2／ｇ以上に超微粉砕
したフライアッシュを添加し、７％以下のアルカリ性反
応促進剤溶液で混練し、成形したことを特徴としてい
る。In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a concrete hardened body of the present invention comprises firstly adding fly ash ultrafinely ground to a cement having a specific surface area of 4,000 cm 2 / g or more to cement. , 7% or less alkaline anti
It is characterized by being kneaded with an accelerator solution and molded .
【手続補正３】[Procedure amendment 3]
【補正対象書類名】明細書[Document name to be amended] Statement
【補正対象項目名】０００６[Correction target item name] 0006
【補正方法】変更[Correction method] Change
【補正内容】[Correction contents]
【０００６】第２にセメントにブレーン比表面積４，０
００ｃｍ2 ／ｇ以上に超微粉砕したフライアッシュを添
加し、７％以下のアルカリ性反応促進剤溶液で混練し、
水の沸点以下の高温で加熱した後加圧成形したことを特
徴としている。[0006] Second, the cement has a specific surface area of 4.0 to 4.0%.
Add fly ash finely pulverized to more than 00 cm 2 / g
And kneaded with an alkaline reaction accelerator solution of 7% or less,
It is characterized by being heated at a high temperature below the boiling point of water and then molded under pressure.
Claims (1)
ｃｍ2／ｇ以上に超微粉砕したフライアッシュを添加
し、７％以下のアルカリ性反応促進剤溶液で混練し、水
の沸点以下の高温で加熱した後加圧成形した超微粉砕フ
ライアッシュを使用したコンクリート硬化体。1. A cement having a brane specific surface area of 4,000.
Add ultra-fine pulverized fly ash to a cm 2 / g or more, knead with an alkaline reaction accelerator solution of 7% or less, heat at a high temperature below the boiling point of water, and use pressure-molded ultra-fine pulverized fly ash Hardened concrete.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11043856A JPH11322399A (en) | 1999-02-22 | 1999-02-22 | Concrete hardened body using extremely pulverized fly ash |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11043856A JPH11322399A (en) | 1999-02-22 | 1999-02-22 | Concrete hardened body using extremely pulverized fly ash |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP30199495A Division JP3091405B2 (en) | 1995-10-25 | 1995-10-25 | Concrete hardened body using ultra-fine pulverized fly ash |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH11322399A true JPH11322399A (en) | 1999-11-24 |
Family
ID=12675361
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11043856A Pending JPH11322399A (en) | 1999-02-22 | 1999-02-22 | Concrete hardened body using extremely pulverized fly ash |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH11322399A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100464819B1 (en) * | 2002-02-16 | 2005-01-06 | 기초소재 주식회사 | An ultra-rapid setting inorganic binder compound based of alkali-activated alumino-silicate |
| KR100759855B1 (en) | 2005-11-01 | 2007-09-18 | 요업기술원 | Non-plastic inorganic binder using fly ash |
| JP2012521344A (en) * | 2009-03-24 | 2012-09-13 | ラファルジュ | Concrete containing low clinker |
-
1999
- 1999-02-22 JP JP11043856A patent/JPH11322399A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100464819B1 (en) * | 2002-02-16 | 2005-01-06 | 기초소재 주식회사 | An ultra-rapid setting inorganic binder compound based of alkali-activated alumino-silicate |
| KR100759855B1 (en) | 2005-11-01 | 2007-09-18 | 요업기술원 | Non-plastic inorganic binder using fly ash |
| JP2012521344A (en) * | 2009-03-24 | 2012-09-13 | ラファルジュ | Concrete containing low clinker |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Mallikarjuna Rao et al. | Final setting time and compressive strength of fly ash and GGBS-based geopolymer paste and mortar | |
| Yazıcı | The effect of curing conditions on compressive strength of ultra high strength concrete with high volume mineral admixtures | |
| CN102363575B (en) | Waste chamotte brick regeneration and utilization method, and concrete doped with waste chamotte brick powder | |
| EP3476812A1 (en) | The process of production of the aggregate for concrete and mortar | |
| CN104310923B (en) | A kind of cement-free building waste goods and preparation method thereof | |
| KR101553371B1 (en) | a manufacturing method for concrete using blast furnace slag and manufactured thereof | |
| JPH11322399A (en) | Concrete hardened body using extremely pulverized fly ash | |
| Moon et al. | Fundamental properties of mortar containing waste concrete powder | |
| JP3091405B2 (en) | Concrete hardened body using ultra-fine pulverized fly ash | |
| CN116253543B (en) | Concrete containing recycled concrete aggregate and wood fiber aggregate | |
| JPH05213654A (en) | Hydraulic composition and process for producing concrete pile by using this composition | |
| JP3407161B2 (en) | Method for producing hardened recyclable cement using clinker as aggregate | |
| JP2001220197A (en) | Cement composition | |
| JP3072423B2 (en) | Manufacturing method of high-strength artificial aggregate | |
| KR101653564B1 (en) | Ultra rapid hardening mortar composition and manufacturing method using the same | |
| JP2000191353A (en) | Production of glass aggregate and glass aggregate obtained thereby | |
| JP3075783B2 (en) | Method for producing concrete molded product by centrifugal force | |
| JP2000335947A (en) | Artificial lightweight aggregate, its production and cement hardened product | |
| JPH0542384B2 (en) | ||
| JPH1081554A (en) | Concrete hardened form using fluidized bed coal ash | |
| JP2011157253A (en) | Method for producing recycled aggregate from burned ash including scrap tire ash, and recycled aggregate produced thereby | |
| ALHAJI et al. | Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate with waste Glass in Concrete made from Bida Natural Aggregate | |
| JP3526096B2 (en) | Soft ground improvement material | |
| Parisis | Utilisation of Glass for the Production of Inorganic Polymeric Materials for Construction Industry | |
| JPH083162B2 (en) | Roadbed material |