JPH11268009A - Method and device for wood smoking treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a wood smoking treatment method and a device thereof for removing a water content inside a wood by changing cell walls for the purposes of drying the wood to remove the water content inside the wood, removing the external stress of the wood to increase the yield and make the lumbering easy and improving the aesthetic outer appearance by turning a black core into the bright red color. SOLUTION: A device is constituted of a smoking treatment chamber 1 storing a wood to be treated and having its upper section open, a combustion chamber 2 provided combinedly with the smoking treatment chamber 1, a flue 3 communicating and connecting the smoking treatment chamber 1 and the combustion chamber 2 together and an opening and closing cover 4 covering an upper open section la of the smoking treatment chamber 1. In that case, the smoking treatment chamber 1 and the cover 4 are formed of a heat insulation material, and their interiors are formed to be sealed, and a vegetable organic fuel F is burnt in the combustion chamber 2 to generate heat and smoke.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for treating smoke before shipping wood as a product such as building materials and a smoke treatment apparatus used for the method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, wood used as a building material is shipped after being subjected to various pretreatments such as a drying treatment and a chemical treatment. This is an operation necessary for drying or killing eggs because the wood that has been cut contains a large amount of water or has attached insect eggs or the like. In particular, in the drying process, this has been performed by natural drying since ancient times. However, the natural drying method has a drawback that it requires a considerable period of several years.
Therefore, in recent years, various techniques relating to artificial drying of wood have been developed in order to solve the difficulty of natural drying, and are being put to practical use. As such a drying apparatus for wood, a large-scale drying apparatus using a steam drying method, a low-temperature dehumidifying method, or a high-frequency drying method is known.

[0003]

However, the above-mentioned conventional wood drying apparatus requires a large initial investment, and also consumes a large amount of energy for the fuel used for the heat source. was there. In addition, with these devices, wood can be dried efficiently in a relatively short period of time.However, since the drying process is difficult, if the wood is cracked or has been sufficiently dried to the heartwood, However, there was a drawback that it was distorted and twisted.

[0004] Therefore, in order to dry the wood, the cell wall is changed to remove the water inside the wood,
Inexpensive and easy-to-manufacture wood that removes internal stresses in wood, increases yield, facilitates lumbering, and changes the black heart to bright red to improve aesthetic appearance. The development of a drying device was desired.

[0005]

Means for Solving the Problems To solve the above-mentioned problems, a method of treating wood according to the present invention comprises burning a plant-based organic fuel on wood to be treated stored in a smoking chamber. Is a smoke treatment method for imparting heat and smoke obtained by sealing the processing chamber with a heat insulating material, thereby expanding air in the processing chamber and evaporating water contained in wood to be processed. The present invention is characterized in that the internal pressure and humidity of the smoke treatment chamber are increased by steam.

[0006] A second aspect of the present invention provides a smoke-treating apparatus for wood, wherein a wood-treating chamber capable of accommodating wood to be treated and having an open upper part, a combustion chamber provided adjacent to the processing chamber, A flue that connects the chamber with the combustion chamber, and a lid that can be opened and closed to cover the upper opening of the processing chamber. The processing chamber and the lid are made of a heat insulating material, and the inside is sealed. It is provided as possible, and is characterized by generating heat and smoke by burning a plant-based organic fuel in a combustion chamber.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for treating smoke of wood according to the second aspect of the present invention, wherein the smoke treatment chamber and the lid are integrally formed of a heat-resistant heat-resistant sheet. is there.

[0008] In addition, in the method or apparatus for treating wood according to claim 1, 2, or 3, the temperature of the wood to be treated is kept at 80 ° C to 130 ° C, and the wood to be treated is treated. Is characterized by changing the cell wall and keeping the temperature until the water permeability becomes good.

The type of wood that can be treated according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and conifers and hardwoods can be treated regardless of their thickness or length. It is particularly suitable for wood with a high water content or wood with skin. This is because the tissue inside the wood becomes boiled, which is effective for changing the cell wall. In addition, by sprinkling water into the wood and the processing chamber and increasing the humidity inside the processing chamber, rapid drying of the wood can be prevented, and cracks in the fore-edge can be prevented.

[0010] The cells of the present material are mostly cells only consisting of cell walls, the main components of which are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and the arrangement of cells and tissues is arranged in the axial direction (stem axis direction) and the radial direction (outside the medulla). Direction).
Thus, a temporary passage (water passage) and a resin passage are formed.

[0011] In the cell wall of the tracheid, a hole reaching the primary wall from the cell lumen, ie, a wall hole, is formed. In the center of the wall of the wall hole, a thickened portion called tols and a thin portion around it are formed. There is Margot. Then, the wall hole is drawn to one of the holes in the process of forming the core material, and the talls may block the hole. This is called a closed wall hole pair, and water cannot pass through due to the closed wall. When the closed wall hole heats the wood to a high temperature, it is partially destroyed by an increase in internal vapor pressure and expansion of water, and the water permeability is improved. For this reason, the treated wood can be dried to a low moisture content (20% or less) to the inside by natural water drying and the like, after which the movement of moisture proceeds rapidly.

Hemicellulose and lignin, which are the main components of wood, begin to soften when the temperature in the wood rises to 80 ° C. or higher.
When the binding of the tissue surrounding the cellulose is loosened, the residual stress is removed, and the hemicellulose returns to a glassy state due to a decrease in temperature and the release of moisture, the cellulose is elastically changed and bonded and fixed. For this reason, there is little hanging during lumbering, and there is no warping or twisting after drying and no reduction in dimensions. In addition, if a treated log or a sawn timber is subjected to a secondary heat treatment at a high temperature, a stable treatment is performed, and a treatment for reducing atate can be performed. Ate wood has a considerably thick tracheid wall,
Since the cross-sectional shape is rounder than a normal member with a square shape, if the material temperature is repeatedly raised and lowered several times, or if it is treated for a long time, the stress of Atate is relaxed It is considered to be.

When heat is applied to the water-containing wood, hemicellulose and lignin as main components begin to soften (from about 80 ° C.), and the environment (bonding) surrounding the cellulose changes, and the wood is naturally cooled and dried to be fixed. In other words, when hemicellulose and lignin are softened, applying external pressure with a press to deform wood fibers without damaging them is generally performed as a method of plastically processing wood or forming molded wood.

[0014]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The method of the present invention first produces hot fumes generated by burning plant-based organic matter on wood to be treated, that is, the wood has an internal temperature of about 80 ° C. to 130 ° C. As described above, heat is applied, and the temperature is kept in the processing chamber for about 48 to 72 hours to evaporate the moisture in the wood to be processed, causing the cell wall to change, and sealing the processing chamber with a heat insulating material. The internal pressure of the processing chamber is increased by water vapor generated from the wood, and the wood to be processed is subjected to a smoke treatment in a pressurized state.

The method of the present invention can be carried out, for example, by the following apparatus. Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to examples shown in the drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an apparatus for treating smoke of wood according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway plan view of an apparatus for treating smoke of another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line CC of FIG. 2.

[0016]

Embodiment 1 As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a smoke-treating apparatus according to the present invention comprises a smoke-treating chamber 1 which can accommodate wood W to be treated and has an open top, and a A combustion chamber 2 provided adjacent to the chamber 1, a flue 3 connecting the smoke processing chamber 1 and the combustion chamber 2 in communication with each other, and an openable / closable lid 4 covering the upper opening 1a of the smoke processing chamber 1; It is composed of

The smoke processing chamber 1 is made of refractory concrete.
It is formed in a rectangular box shape having a pair of chambers having an opening 1a in the upper part. The upper opening 1a is covered with a flat lid 4 also made of fireproof concrete so as to be openable and closable.
In the closed state, the interior of the smoke processing chamber 1 can be sealed via a packing or the like (not shown) between the upper edge of the upper opening 1a and the lid 4 so that the interior of the smoke processing chamber 1 can be sealed. I have. Also, in front of the smoke processing chamber 1, a smoke processing chamber 1 is provided.
A chimney 5 communicating with the inside is mounted upward.
In the drawing, reference numeral 8 denotes a hoist such as a winch that opens and closes the lid 4 using a wire rope 8a, and 9 denotes a pole for mooring the hoist.

The combustion chamber 2 is also made of fireproof concrete like the smoke processing chamber 1, and is formed in a closed box shape.
It is installed near the rear. The combustion chamber 2 is made of fire-resistant brick, fire-resistant concrete, clay or the like. The smoke processing chamber 1 may have a closed structure using a heat retaining material such as stone, brick, or concrete block.

On the side surface of the smoking chamber 1, a rectangular window 6 is formed by cutting out several side walls, and an openable door 7 is attached to the window 6. The rear end of the smoke processing chamber 1 is 2
It is connected to the combustion chamber 2 by means of three cylindrical flues 3. The flue 3 is provided with a check valve 3 a for preventing the smoke flowing into the smoke processing chamber 1 from flowing back into the combustion chamber 2.

The smoke treatment apparatus A is configured as described above, and a method of treating wood using the smoke treatment apparatus A will be described below.

First, the lid 4 is opened, and the wood W to be processed is placed in the smoke processing chamber 1 from the upper opening 1a of the smoke processing chamber 1 while keeping the log. Next, in the combustion chamber 2,
A plant-based organic substance as the fuel F is placed. As the fuel, wood-based fuel such as sawdust, wood chips, planar waste, sander powder, and bark (bark) is preferable. Then, the lid 4 of the smoke processing chamber 1 is closed, and the fuel F in the combustion chamber 2 is burned.

The heated smoke generated by burning the fuel in the combustion chamber 2 passes through the flue 3 and flows into the smoke processing chamber 1, where the wood W placed inside the smoke processing chamber 1 is removed. Heat and dry. When the temperature decreases, the smoke that has flowed into the smoke processing chamber 1 flows through the bottom of the smoke processing chamber 1 and is discharged to the outside through the chimney 5.

The smoke flowing into the smoke processing chamber 1 increases the pressure in the smoke processing chamber 1, but when a predetermined internal pressure is reached, the exhaust valve 5a provided in the chimney 5 is opened. It is discharged outside.

That is, the pressure inside the smoke processing chamber 1 is made uniform. For this reason, when placing the wood inside the smoke treatment chamber 1, there is no restriction on the arrangement of the wood, the thickness and the length of the wood, and the wood of various shapes can be freely placed.

In order to treat wood using the smoke treating apparatus A constructed as described above, the lid 4 is opened, and the upper part 1a of the smoke treating chamber 1 is opened into the smoke treating chamber 1. Opening 1
a, wood W is placed in the smoke treatment chamber 1 in the state of a log as it is, and sawdust F as fuel is accommodated in the combustion chamber 2, the lid 4 is closed and the upper opening of the smoke treatment chamber 1 is opened. 1a, the sawdust F in the combustion chamber 2 is burned, and the heated smoke generated in the combustion chamber 2 passes through the flue 3 into the smoke treatment chamber 1, and the placed wood W is removed. It can be heated and dried.

About three days after the start of drying, white smoke containing a large amount of water vapor is discharged from the chimney, and on about the fourth day, the color of the smoke changes from white to yellowish. At that time, reduce the amount of fuel supplied to the inside of the combustion chamber. Further, completely stop refueling from the 8th day. Then, let the temperature inside the smoke drying apparatus reach room temperature for about 2 days. I do.

As described above, by drying the wood with the smoke treatment device A, the water in the conduit, which is the water passage inside the wood, is improved, and the movement of the water inside the wood is promoted. Evaporation of the water inside the wood causes changes in the cell walls, which can bring the water content of the wood to about 50% at this point.

Further, after drying by the smoke-treating apparatus A, the lumber is sawn and naturally dried for about one month, so that the water content of the wood can be reduced to about 20% or less. Does not occur, and the yield at the time of processing can be improved. In addition, the amount of compressed material (ate material) generated in the special part of the wood also decreases, and the internal stress of the wood is balanced,
It is possible to reduce warpage and bending generated during lumber processing of wood. In addition, the pigment in the core material (black heart) of the wood is discolored and decolorized, and changes from dark brown to bright red, so that the aesthetic appearance can be improved.

[0029]

Embodiment 2 As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, in the smoke treatment apparatus B, the smoke treatment chamber 1 and the lid 4 of the smoke treatment apparatus A are integrally formed with a heat-insulating heat-resistant sheet 10. Things.
In the smoking apparatus A, only the lid 4 may be formed of the heat-resistant and heat-resistant sheet 10. Smoke treatment equipment B
Are provided on the mounting plate 11 on which the wood W is to be mounted.
a, a smoke inflow space 12 is provided substantially below the entire surface of the mounting plate 11, and a plurality of flue channels 14 communicating the inflow space 12 and the combustion chamber 13 are provided. The upper part is covered with the heat-insulating and heat-resistant sheet 10 in a closed state. This heat and heat resistant sheet 10
In order to hermetically seal, the pulleys 15 are attached to the four corners of the frame edge 15 provided around the mounting plate 11, and the edge portion of the heat-resistant heat-resistant sheet 10 is narrowed down with the wire rope 17 fitted to the pulley 16. Done by

In using the smoke treating apparatus B, the wood W to be treated is placed on the placing plate 11 in the state of a log. Next, the mounting plate 11 and the wood W are covered with the heat-retaining heat-resistant sheet 10. Then, a plant-based organic matter as the fuel F is placed inside the combustion chamber 13, and the fuel F
To burn.

The heated smoke generated by burning the fuel in the combustion chamber 13 passes through the flue 14, once flows into the inflow space 12, passes through the smoke discharge holes 11 a of the mounting plate 11, and retains heat and heat. While expanding 10, the wood W placed inside the smoke treatment chamber 1 is heated and dried. The smoke that has flowed into the heat-insulating and heat-resistant sheet 10 has a frame 1
The air is discharged to the outside through a chimney 18 provided in the fuel cell 5. In the figure, reference numeral 19 denotes a check valve for preventing smoke from flowing back from the inflow space 12 to the combustion chamber 13, and reference numeral 18a denotes an exhaust valve.
Note that a ventilation fan or the like may be provided in the combustion chamber 13 to force the smoke into the heat-insulating and heat-resistant sheet 10. Further, the combustion chamber 13 may be formed separately to be movable.

[0032]

As described above, the present invention has the following excellent effects. (1). Cracking of wood does not occur. (2). The internal stress of the wood is removed, and the ate material can be relaxed. (3). The size of the wood after treatment is less reduced and drying is faster. (4). Since the resin in the wood is discharged together with the moisture, the lumber is easily made. (5). Due to the drying of the wood, the pigment in the heartwood (black heart) of the wood is discolored and decolorized, changing from dark brown to bright red,
Good aesthetic appearance can be obtained. (6). Since a vegetable organic material is used as a fuel, tar contained in the hot smoke provides a bactericidal effect on pests, their eggs, fungi, and the like, and an insect repellent, fungicide, and preservative effect on treated wood.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an apparatus for treating smoke of wood according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway plan view of a smoke treatment apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line CC of FIG. 2;

[Explanation of symbols]

 A Smoke treatment device B Smoke treatment device W Wood F Fuel 1 Smoke treatment room 1a Upper opening 2 Combustion chamber 3 Flue 3a Check valve 4 Lid 5 Chimney 5a Exhaust valve 6 Window 7 Door 8 Winder 8a Wire rope REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 9 pole 10 heat-insulating heat-resistant sheet 11 mounting plate 11 a smoke exhaust hole 12 smoke inflow space 13 combustion chamber 14 chimney 15 frame rim 16 pulley 17 wire rope 18 chimney 18 a exhaust valve 19 check valve

Claims (4)

[Claims] The present invention relates to a smoke-treating method for imparting heat and smoke obtained by burning a plant-based organic fuel to wood to be treated stored in a smoke-treating chamber. Smoke treatment of wood characterized by expanding the air in the treatment chamber by sealing and increasing the internal pressure and humidity of the smoke treatment chamber by water vapor generated by evaporating water contained in the wood to be treated. Method. 2. A smoking chamber having an open upper part capable of storing wood to be processed, a combustion chamber provided adjacent to the processing chamber,
A flue that connects and connects the processing chamber and the combustion chamber, and an openable / closable lid that covers an upper open portion of the processing chamber, wherein the processing chamber and the lid are formed of a heat insulating material, A smoke-treating device for wood, wherein the device is provided so as to be able to be closed, and heat and smoke are generated by burning a plant-based organic fuel in a combustion chamber. 3. The apparatus for treating smoke of wood according to claim 2, wherein the smoke treatment chamber and the lid are integrally formed of a heat-insulating heat-resistant sheet. 4. An internal temperature of the wood to be treated is 80 ° C. to 130 ° C.
4. The smoke treatment of wood according to claim 1, wherein the cell wall of the wood to be treated is kept under heat for a predetermined period of time to change the wall of the wood to be treated by heat until the water flow is good. Method or device.