JPH1124102A - Display panel and its driving method and manufacturing method, and display device using the same display panel - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To actualize high-contrast display as to a projection type display device which mainly uses a high-polymer dispersed liquid crystal display device as a light valve. SOLUTION: A high-polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 108a is sandwiched between a common electrode 5701 and a pixel electrode 107 and a high-polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 108b is sandwiched between a pixel electrode 5701 and a counter electrode 1801. The drain terminal of a thin film transistor(TFT) 106 and the pixel electrode 107 are connected through a contact hole 5702. On the TFT 106, a light shield film 109 is formed of resin. The liquid crystal layers 108a and 108b are so formed that the mean particle sizes of drops of liquid crystal or the mean hole diameters of polymer networks are different. The common electrode 5701 and counter electrode 1801 are held at the same potential. When a voltage is applied to the pixel electrode 107, an electric fields is applied to both the liquid crystal layers 108a and 108b, which vary the light transmissivity of the liquid crystal layers. Consequently, the high-contrast display is actualized.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a display panel using polymer dispersed liquid crystal and TN liquid crystal as light modulating means, a driving method and a manufacturing method thereof, and a display device using the display panel. These can be applied to liquid crystal projection display devices (liquid crystal projectors), monitor devices such as viewfinders, and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A liquid crystal display panel has many features such as a light weight and a thin shape as compared with a CRT, and therefore has been actively researched and developed. In recent years, it has been used as a display unit of a viewfinder of a pocket television, a video monitor, or a video camera. However, there are many problems such as difficulty in increasing the screen. Therefore, a projection type display device that obtains a large screen display image by enlarging and projecting a display image of a small liquid crystal display device with a projection lens or the like has attracted attention and has been commercialized by various companies. At present, a commercially available projection type display device and viewfinder use a twisted nematic (hereinafter, referred to as TN) liquid crystal display panel utilizing the optical rotation characteristics of liquid crystal.

In a liquid crystal display panel using a TN liquid crystal, it is necessary to convert incident light into linearly polarized light using a polarizing plate (polarizer). In addition, a polarizing plate (analyzer) needs to be disposed on the emission side of the liquid crystal display panel to detect light modulated by the liquid crystal display device. That is, it is necessary to arrange two polarizing plates before and after the TN liquid crystal display panel, a polarizer for converting light into linearly polarized light and an analyzer for detecting modulated light. Assuming that the pixel aperture ratio of the liquid crystal display panel is 100% and the light amount incident on the polarizer is 100, the light amount emitted from the polarizer is 40%, the transmittance of the liquid crystal display device is 80%, and the transmittance of the analyzer is 80%. %, The overall transmittance is 0.4 × 0.8 × 0.8 = about 25%, and only 25% of the light can be effectively used. Therefore, only a low-luminance image display can be realized with the TN liquid crystal display panel.

Most of the light lost by the polarizing plate is absorbed by the polarizing plate and converted into heat. The heat heats the liquid crystal display panel by the polarizing plate itself and radiant heat. In the case of a liquid crystal display panel used for a projection display device, the amount of light incident on a polarizing plate of the display panel is tens of thousands lux or more. Therefore, when a TN liquid crystal display panel using a polarizing plate is used as a light valve of a projection display device, the polarizing plate, the display panel, and the like are in a high temperature state, causing a significant deterioration in performance in a short period of time.

Further, the TN liquid crystal display panel needs to apply an alignment film and perform a rubbing treatment. The rubbing treatment or the like increases the number of processes and causes an increase in manufacturing cost. Also,
2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, the number of pixels of a liquid crystal display panel used in a projection display device has become large, such as 500,000 pixels or more, and the pixel size tends to be finer. The miniaturization of the pixel results in the formation of a large number of concavities and convexities per unit area due to signal lines, thin film transistors (hereinafter, referred to as TFTs), and the like. It is clear that the rubbing treatment cannot be performed well due to the irregularities. Further, miniaturization of the pixel size increases the formation area of the TFT and the signal line occupying one pixel, and reduces the pixel aperture ratio.
The reduction in the pixel aperture ratio is not limited to lowering the brightness of the display image, but the liquid crystal display device is further heated by the light irradiated to the area other than the incident light aperture, thereby accelerating the performance deterioration of the TN liquid crystal display panel. I do. Another problem is the weight of the TN liquid crystal display panel. The TN liquid crystal display panel has a liquid crystal sandwiched between two glass plates. If the liquid crystal display panel is of a notebook type so as to be durable, the weight of the glass becomes a problem. Glass is heavy.

The TN liquid crystal modulates the light by changing the alignment state of the liquid crystal by a voltage applied to the pixel electrode. TN
Polarizing plates are arranged on the incident side and the emitting side of the liquid crystal display device, respectively, and the polarization axes of the polarizer and the analyzer are orthogonal to each other. Generally, a TN liquid crystal display device is used in a normally white mode (NW mode) in which black display can be performed when a voltage is applied. Conversely, a mode in which white display (light transmission state) occurs when a voltage is applied is called a normally black mode (NB mode).

The display image of the NW mode liquid crystal display device has good color reproducibility, but there is a problem that light leaks from the periphery of the pixel. This is because the liquid crystal molecules are not aligned in the normal direction but are aligned in the opposite direction. This alignment state is called an inverted chilled domain. This is because the rising direction of the liquid crystal molecules is changed by the electric field generated between the pixel electrode and the source signal line.
It arises from partial reversal. In the part where the rising direction of the liquid crystal molecules is reversed, the light passes through the analyzer on the light emitting surface of the panel despite the application of the voltage. That is, light leakage occurs. No light leakage occurs in a normal liquid crystal rising direction.

As a method of preventing light leakage, there is a method of increasing the width of a black matrix (BM) formed on the counter electrode. However, this also reduces the pixel closed area and lowers the display luminance. Therefore, it is not an effective method.

As described below, a liquid crystal display device using a TN liquid crystal needs to use a polarizing plate. Further, since light leakage is likely to occur around the pixel, the BM must be thick. Therefore, the light utilization is poor and the display luminance is low.
The light applied to the BM heats the liquid crystal display device, increasing the panel temperature and shortening the life of the panel.

Similarly, a projection type display device using a TN liquid crystal display device as a light valve also has a poor light utilization factor and a low screen luminance of a projected image. Therefore, a projection display device using a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display panel without a polarizing plate (hereinafter referred to as a PD liquid crystal display panel) has been proposed.
An example is described in JP-A-3-94225. A PD liquid crystal display panel as a light valve used in a projection display device performs light modulation by scattering or transmitting incident light.

FIG. 6 shows the operation of the PD liquid crystal display panel.
A brief description will be given using (a) and (b). FIG. 6 (a),
(B) is an explanatory view of the operation of the PD liquid crystal display panel.
6A and 6B, a liquid crystal in the form of water droplets (hereinafter referred to as a liquid crystal in the form of water droplets 603) is dispersed in the polymer 602. A TFT (not shown) or the like is connected to the pixel electrode 107, and a voltage is applied to the pixel electrode 107 when the TFT is turned on and off, thereby modulating light by changing the liquid crystal alignment direction on the pixel electrode 107. In the state where no voltage is applied as shown in FIG.
The liquid crystal molecules in 3 are oriented in irregular directions. In this state, a difference in refractive index occurs between the polymer (resin component) 602 and the water-drop liquid crystal (liquid crystal component) 603, and the incident light is scattered.

Here, as shown in FIG. 6B, when a voltage is applied to the pixel electrode 107, the directions of the liquid crystal molecules are aligned.
When the refractive index when the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in a certain direction is previously matched with the refractive index of the polymer 602, the incident light is not scattered and the array substrate 101 (or the opposing substrate 103) is not scattered.
It emits more.

[0013]

However, the PD liquid crystal display panel also has the following problems. That is, the display contrast is low.

That is, as shown in FIG. 6, when the liquid crystal layer 21 is in the scattering state, black display is performed, and when the liquid crystal layer 21 is in the transparent state, white display is performed. Therefore, the contrast cannot be increased unless the scattering state is sufficiently increased. To increase the scattering state, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 108 may be increased. However, when the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 108 is increased, the voltage required to make the light transmitting state as shown in FIG. 6B increases. In order to increase the voltage, it is necessary to improve the withstand voltage of a TFT or the like, and there is a certain limit in improving the withstand voltage. For this reason, the conventional PD liquid crystal display panel has a problem that the display contrast cannot be increased.

An object of the present invention is to provide a display panel, a driving method and a manufacturing method thereof, and a display device using the display panel, which can increase the display contrast in consideration of such problems of the conventional device. I do.

[0016]

In order to solve the problem that the display contrast of the PD liquid crystal display panel is low, for example, the display panel of the present invention mainly has a thick liquid crystal layer.
In addition, the liquid crystal layer contains guest-host liquid crystal or the like to reduce the light transmittance in a light scattering state. In order to solve the problem that the voltage applied to the pixel electrode etc. becomes higher by increasing the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal layer is divided into two layers and the voltage is applied to each liquid crystal layer. The problem can be solved by using an electrode and disposing a pixel electrode in the middle of the liquid crystal layer.

In the first embodiment, the counter electrode is a stripe electrode. In addition, although this stripe shape mainly means a stripe-shaped electrode such as a simple matrix, it may have a constriction, and is not limited to only a rectangle, but may include an arc, an ellipse, and a polygon in part. Is also good.

The striped electrodes are arranged at positions corresponding to the pixel electrode rows arranged in a matrix. The voltage applied to the stripe-shaped electrode is lower than the rising voltage of the liquid crystal (the voltage at which the liquid crystal layer starts to pass light). The row direction (H direction) pixel electrodes alternately apply positive and negative video signal voltages for each field (frame). When a positive video signal voltage is applied to a pixel electrode in a certain row direction, a voltage equal to or lower than a negative rising voltage is applied to a stripe-shaped electrode facing the pixel electrode row. When a negative video signal voltage is applied to the pixel electrode row, a voltage equal to or lower than a positive rising voltage is applied to the striped electrodes. A voltage (value) obtained by adding the absolute value of the video signal voltage applied to the pixel electrode and the absolute value of the voltage applied to the stripe electrode is applied to the liquid crystal layer between the stripe electrode and the pixel electrode row.

In the second embodiment, two liquid crystal layers are provided in order to further improve the contrast. The first liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between the pixel electrode and the counter electrode, and the second liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between the counter electrode and the stripe electrode. An image (display image) is displayed in a matrix on the first liquid crystal layer, and display contrast is mainly controlled on the second liquid crystal layer. When the display image is bright as a whole, the second liquid crystal layer is in a strong light transmitting state. When the display image is dark as a whole, the second liquid crystal layer strengthens the light scattering state. On a bright screen, the black display part may "float" slightly. This is because it is recognized that there is a sense of contrast as a whole.

The striped electrodes are arranged along the rows or columns of the pixels arranged in a matrix. When the striped electrodes are arranged along the row direction, the amplitude value of the video signal applied to each pixel in the row direction is calculated. The calculation is an addition, an average value, a maximum value, a minimum value, and the like. A voltage is applied to the stripe-shaped electrodes based on a calculation result. For example, when the added value is large, it means that the displayed image is bright, so a large voltage is applied to increase the light transmittance of the second liquid crystal layer. The above operation is performed for each line. When the striped electrodes are arranged in the column direction, the calculation is performed in the column direction.

The stripe-shaped electrodes are formed in the column direction, and the even-numbered columns are set in the transmittance state and the odd-numbered columns are set in the scattering state in the first field (frame). The second field next to the first field (frame) is used. In the field (frame), the even rows are set to the scattering state and the odd rows are set to the transmission state. Further, a prism or the like is arranged on the front surface of the display panel so that the even rows can be seen by the observer's right eye and the odd rows can be seen by the left eye. Then, the observer can switch and view the image for the right eye and the image for the left eye for each field (frame). By using the video signal as a stereoscopic (3D) signal, the observer can enjoy a stereoscopic image.

In another embodiment, a first liquid crystal layer and a second liquid crystal layer are sandwiched between three substrates. A first liquid crystal layer is held between the first substrate and the second substrate, and a second liquid crystal layer is held between the second substrate and the third substrate. The gate drive circuit connects a silicon chip, and the source drive circuit is formed simultaneously with a pixel electrode or the like on a substrate by a high-temperature polysilicon or low-temperature polysilicon technique. Although the output voltage cannot be so high with the polysilicon technology, a high withstand voltage circuit can be easily manufactured with a silicon chip. Usually, the gate signal amplitude of the liquid crystal display panel is higher (larger) than the source signal amplitude. By manufacturing a gate drive circuit with a silicon chip and connecting the substrate to a substrate using glass-on-chip technology, TAB technology, or the like, the liquid crystal display panel can be driven at a high voltage (high voltage is applied to pixels) as a whole.

In another embodiment, two substrates (hereinafter referred to as an array substrate) on which pixel electrodes are arranged in a matrix are used, and a liquid crystal layer is held between the two array substrates. Opposite voltages are applied to the opposing pixel electrodes. Therefore, a high voltage can be applied to the sandwiched liquid crystal layer.

If different signals are applied to the first pixel electrode of the first array substrate and the second pixel electrode of the second array substrate, the gradation characteristics can be improved. Even if only one array substrate can display only 128 gradations, 128 × 2 = 256 gradations can be displayed by sandwiching the liquid crystal layer between the two array substrates. Further, when the first array substrate and the second array substrate are arranged so as to be shifted from each other by approximately half a pixel, the resolution in the horizontal or vertical direction can be doubled.

An opposing electrode is disposed between the first liquid crystal layer and the second liquid crystal layer, and the opposing electrode is a reflection electrode. Then, it is possible to provide a display panel in which different images can be viewed from both the back surface and the front surface of the display panel.

The first liquid crystal layer and the second liquid crystal layer are formed of polymer dispersed liquid crystal, and the first liquid crystal layer and the second liquid crystal layer
The average particle diameter of the water-drop liquid crystal or the average pore diameter of the polymer network of the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal is varied. The average particle size and average pore size and the scattering characteristics have a wavelength-dependent relationship. If the average particle size and the average pore size are small, the scattering characteristics at short wavelengths (blue region) are good, and if they are large, the scattering characteristics at long wavelengths (red region) are good. The wavelength band of all visible light (blue to
(Red) is difficult to cover. However, by manufacturing the first liquid crystal layer and the second liquid crystal layer with different average particle diameters or average hole diameters, it becomes possible to cover the entire visible light wavelength band. If these are applied to a liquid crystal projection type device (hereinafter, a liquid crystal projector), their performance can be sufficiently brought out. This applies to other display panels of the present invention.

By arranging the microlens array on the entrance surface and the exit surface of the display panel, the light condensing ability can be enhanced. Usually, switching elements (thin film transistors, diodes, varistors, etc.), source / gate signal lines, etc. are formed on the array substrate. Therefore, the area ratio per pixel occupied by the pixel electrode (hereinafter, referred to as aperture ratio)
Is about 50%. If a microlens array is arranged on the entrance / exit surface of the display panel and a pixel electrode is arranged near the focal point, light is not blocked by a switching element or the like.

Also, instead of the microlenses, the substrate on which the opening on the incident side is made larger than the opening on the emitting side and a reflective film is formed between the opening on the incident side and the opening on the emitting side is used as a display panel. It may be attached to. The opening on the emission side of the substrate has the area of the pixel electrode. Incident light is introduced into the pixel electrode while being collected (aggregated) at the opening.

The display contrast can be improved by forming a first counter electrode on the back surface of the second array substrate and disposing the first array substrate corresponding to the first counter electrode. In this embodiment, a first array substrate, a first liquid crystal layer, a first counter electrode, a second array substrate, a second liquid crystal layer, and a second counter electrode are arranged in this order. A first array substrate modulates a first liquid crystal layer, and a second array substrate modulates a second liquid crystal layer. Since the incident light is modulated by the first and second liquid crystal layers, the display contrast becomes extremely good.

If the gate signal lines of the first array substrate and the gate signal lines of the second array substrate are arranged so as to be orthogonal to each other, the scanning in the row direction and the scanning in the column direction can be performed simultaneously. Alternatively, the scanning in the row direction and the scanning in the column direction can be instantaneously switched. It may be applied to a video camera monitor or the like. This is because, in video cameras and the like, the monitor section is often used by switching between the horizontal and vertical directions.

In another embodiment of the present invention, a common electrode is formed on a first substrate, a counter electrode is formed on a second substrate, and a first liquid crystal layer is formed between a pixel electrode and the common electrode. And disposing a second liquid crystal layer between the pixel electrode and the counter electrode. The same potential is applied to the common electrode and the counter electrode. When a voltage is applied to the pixel electrode, an electric field is applied to both the first liquid crystal layer and the second liquid crystal layer. The additional capacitor forms a common electrode or a gate signal line as one electrode of the capacitor.

If the gate signal line and the source signal line are orthogonal to each other, the intersection of the signal lines needs to be insulated. Therefore, it is the same as forming a capacitor at the intersection, and when viewed from the drive circuit of the source signal line, a load having a relatively large time constant is connected to the output terminal by the resistance of the source signal line and the capacitance of the capacitor. Will be.
Therefore, it is necessary to increase the drive capability of the source drive circuit. Therefore, in another embodiment of the present invention,
The source signal line and the gate signal line are formed so as to be parallel. That is, the intersection between the source signal line and the gate signal line is eliminated. By reducing the time constant of the source signal line, the output amplitude voltage of the source drive circuit can be increased, and a large voltage can be applied to the pixel electrode. Therefore, display contrast can be improved.

In another embodiment of the present invention, a first switching element and a second switching element are formed on a first substrate. A first pixel electrode is connected to the first switching element, and a second pixel electrode is connected to the second switching element. On the other hand, the counter electrode is formed on the second substrate. Further, a first liquid crystal layer is provided between the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode, and a second liquid crystal layer is provided between the second pixel electrode and the counter electrode.
Are disposed. Signals of opposite polarities are applied to the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode.
If a high voltage can be applied to the liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal layer can sufficiently be in a light transmitting state even if the liquid crystal layer is thick. Furthermore, the second
Since a voltage is applied to the pixel electrode of the second liquid crystal layer, the second liquid crystal layer can also be driven.

The liquid crystal display panel of the present invention is used as a video monitor,
High contrast image display can be realized by using the liquid crystal projector as a display panel.

[0035]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an embodiment of a display panel according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

In the present embodiment, the light modulation layer is described as a liquid crystal layer such as a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal for ease of description. However, the present invention is not limited to this. Other liquid crystal materials such as nematic (TN) liquid crystal, inorganic materials such as PLZT, and materials and configurations such as electroluminescence (EL) and organic electroluminescence (organic EL) may be used.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the display panel of the present embodiment. FIG. 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram, and FIGS. 1 and 2 are cross-sectional views of the display panel of the present embodiment.
However, parts or parts that are not necessary for description are omitted,
Some parts are shown exaggerated or reduced for ease of explanation. The same applies to the drawings in the following specification. In addition, unless otherwise specified, portions denoted by the same numbers have the same or similar functions or configurations. Therefore, the contents described for the parts with certain numbers are also applied to other drawings in this specification.

On the array substrate 101, a pixel electrode 107 made of ITO, a source signal line (not shown), a gate signal line 2
01, thin film transistor 10 as switching element
6 (TFT) and the like are formed.

The thin-film transistor 106 may be formed by any one of a low-temperature polysilicon technology, an amorphous silicon technology, a high-temperature polysilicon technology and a single-crystal technology formed on silicon ware. , MIM, etc., or a varicap, thyristor, MOS transistor or the like. Further, the switching elements 106 are not limited to being connected one by one to one pixel electrode. Two or more switching elements may be connected to one pixel electrode 107, and one pixel electrode may be connected to one pixel electrode. One switching element or the like may be arranged.

The operation of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal display panel 601 will be briefly described with reference to FIGS. FIGS. 6A and 6B are explanatory diagrams of the operation of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal display panel 601. FIG. A TFT (not shown) or the like is connected to the pixel electrode 107, and a voltage is applied to the pixel electrode 107 by turning on and off the TFT. Depending on the voltage, the pixel electrode 10
The light is modulated by changing the liquid crystal alignment direction of the liquid crystal 603 on the liquid crystal 7. In a state where no voltage is applied (OFF) as shown in FIG.
Are oriented in irregular directions. In this state, a difference in refractive index occurs between the polymer 602 and the liquid crystal, and the incident light is scattered.
As shown in FIG. 6B, when a voltage is applied to the pixel electrode 107, the directions of the liquid crystals are aligned. If the refractive index when the liquid crystal is oriented in a certain direction is matched with the refractive index of the polymer 10 in advance, the incident light is emitted from the substrate 101 without scattering. Note that a common voltage is applied to the counter electrode 102.

The opposing drive circuit is also formed directly on the substrate 101 by using low-temperature polysilicon or high-temperature polysilicon technology. That is, it is formed simultaneously with the TFT 106. The opposing drive circuit is connected to the stripe electrode 102 via the connection terminal 105.

The stripe-shaped electrode 102 is not limited to a stripe shape. Therefore, it may be rectangular or partly concave or arcuate. The stripe-shaped electrode 102 is made of ITO, and is formed along the gate signal line in FIG. 2, that is, parallel to the pixel row direction.

A protective film 103 is formed on the stripe-shaped electrodes to prevent the liquid crystal layer 108 from being deteriorated or the stripe-shaped electrodes 102 from being mechanically damaged by an external pressure. The protective film 103 is made of tantalum oxide (Ta ₂
Inorganic materials such as O ₃ ), SiO ₂ and SiNx are exemplified.
Further, an organic material such as an epoxy resin, a silicone resin, a silicone rubber, or an acrylic resin is exemplified. The protective film preferably has high transparency.

The pixel electrodes 107 are formed on the array substrate 101 in a matrix. The switching elements 106 are connected to the pixel electrodes 107, respectively. T
The drain terminal of the FT 106 is connected to the additional capacitor 303 and the pixel electrode 107, and the liquid crystal layer 108 is held between the pixel electrode 107 and the stripe electrode 102. The other electrode of the additional capacitor 303 is the common electrode 30
4. The common electrode 304 is often formed below the pixel electrode 107. This configuration is shown in FIG. The common electrode 304 is an electrode common to one of the additional capacitors 303 of all pixels. The TFT 106 has gate signal lines G ₁ to G ₁ .
Operated by signals G _m and the source signal line S ₁ to S _n. The gate drive circuit 302 is connected to one end of the gate signal line 201, and outputs a signal for causing the TFT 106 to operate (hereinafter, referred to as ON) and non-operating (hereinafter, referred to as OFF). On the other hand, the source drive circuit 301 samples the video signal, and outputs to the source signal line S ₁ to S _n.

C _{1 to} C _m are stripe electrodes 102. Twelve liquid crystal layers. The plan view is shown in FIG. Further, the striped electrode 102
Usually formed of ITO. The stripe-shaped electrode 102 has at least a length from one end to the other end of the display area 401, and the formation pitch is the same as the pixel pitch.

An opposing drive circuit 104 is connected to one end of the stripe electrode 102. Since ITO has a relatively high resistance value, there is a possibility that a voltage drop occurs from the connection point of the opposing drive circuit 104 to the non-connection end (the end of the screen). As a countermeasure, a metal thin film 901 may be formed as shown in FIG. The metal thin film 901 uses chromium or the like. The opening 902 is located at a position facing the pixel electrode 107, and the metal thin film 901 is
6. Arrange so that the gate signal line 201 and the source signal line are shielded from light. That is, the metal thin film 901 has two effects, that is, a light shielding effect of the black matrix and a low resistance of the stripe-shaped electrode.

The metal light-shielding film 901 may be formed by forming a stripe-shaped electrode 102, depositing a metal film on the stripe-shaped electrode 102, and patterning the metal film. The light-shielding film 901 can also be formed using a conductive paste such as a silver paste, a gold paste, or a copper paste. FIG. 15 is a sectional view showing a state in which the light shielding film 901 is formed.
Shown in

FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are sectional views of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention. The stripe-shaped electrode 102 is arranged at a position facing the pixel electrode 107. Striped electrode 1
The formation interval of 02 is preferably as narrow as possible. If the width is too large, the aperture ratio of the pixel is reduced. In the case of a TN liquid crystal, a transverse electric field between adjacent stripe-shaped electrodes causes abnormal alignment of liquid crystal molecules to cause light leakage. However, in the case of a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (hereinafter referred to as a PD liquid crystal), incident light is reduced. There are few problems due to scattering. The gate signal lines 201 are located at opposing positions between the intervals.

In the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention shown in FIG. 1, a stripe electrode 102 as a counter electrode is formed directly on a liquid crystal layer 108. In a conventional liquid crystal display panel, electrodes are formed on a glass substrate (counter substrate), and the counter substrate is disposed on the liquid crystal layer 108. Since the counter substrate is formed of glass, it is heavy. Therefore, it is difficult to reduce the weight of a notebook computer or the like. The present invention has no counter substrate. Therefore, significant weight reduction is possible. The weight is reduced to about 1/2 compared with the conventional liquid crystal display panel.

If the liquid crystal display device is configured with the array substrate 101 facing the observer (operator), the observer will not touch the counter electrode 102. Therefore, the liquid crystal layer 108 is not mechanically broken without the counter substrate. In other words, configuring a notebook personal computer or the like using the present invention can be achieved by making a device (a notebook personal computer or the like) with the array substrate 101 facing the observer.

The stripe electrode 102 and the pixel electrode 107
A PD liquid crystal 108 is interposed between them. The liquid crystal material used for the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention is preferably a nematic liquid crystal, a smectic liquid crystal, or a cholesteric liquid crystal, and may be a mixture containing one or more liquid crystal compounds or a substance other than the liquid crystal compounds.

[0052] Note that among the liquid crystal materials mentioned above, a relatively large cyanobiphenyl based nematic liquid crystal or a stable fluorine based on the temporal change of the difference in the extraordinary refractive index n _e and ordinary refractive index n _o, chloro A nematic liquid crystal of a chloro group is preferable, and a nematic liquid crystal of a chloro group is most preferable because it has good scattering characteristics and hardly changes with time.

As the polymer matrix material, a transparent polymer is preferable. As the polymer, a photo-curing type resin is used in view of easiness of the production process, separation from the liquid crystal phase, and the like. As a specific example, an ultraviolet curable acrylic resin is exemplified, and a resin containing an acrylic monomer or acrylic oligomer which is polymerized and cured by irradiation with ultraviolet light is particularly preferable. Above all, a photocurable acrylic resin having a fluorine group is preferable because the light modulating layer 108 having good scattering characteristics can be manufactured and a change with time hardly occurs.

The liquid crystal material preferably has an ordinary light refractive index n ₀ of 1.49 to 1.54, and more preferably has an ordinary light refractive index n ₀ of 1.50 to 1.53. It is preferable to use Further, it is preferable to use one having a refractive index difference Δn of 0.15 or more and 0.30 or less. As n ₀ and Δn increase, heat resistance and light resistance deteriorate. When n ₀ and Δn are small, heat resistance and light resistance are improved, but the scattering characteristics are reduced and the display contrast is not sufficient. From the above, as the constituent material of the light modulating layer 108, the ordinary refractive index n ₀ of 1.50 1.53 and,
It is most preferable to use a chlorinated nematic liquid crystal having Δn of 0.20 or more and 0.30 or less and to employ a photocurable acrylic resin having a fluorine group as a resin material.

As such a polymer-forming monomer,
2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, neopentyl glycol acrylate, hexanediol diacrete, diethylene glycol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol acrylate, and the like.

Examples of the oligomer or prepolymer include polyester acrylate, epoxy acrylate, and polyurethane acrylate.

Further, a polymerization initiator may be used in order to carry out the polymerization promptly. For example, 2-hydroxy-2-
Methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one (“Darocur 1173” manufactured by Merck), 1- (4-isopropylphenyl) -2-hydroxy-2-methylpropane-1-
ON ("Darocure 1116" manufactured by Merck Ltd.), 1-bidroxycyclohexylphenylketone ("Irgacure 184" manufactured by Ciba-Gaiky), benzyl methyl ketal ("Irgacure 651" manufactured by Ciba-Geigy) and the like are listed. In addition, a chain transfer agent, a photosensitizer, a dye, a cross-linking agent and the like can be appropriately used as optional components.

The refractive index n _p when the resin material is cured
If, so as to substantially coincide with the crystal of the ordinary refractive index n _o.
Liquid crystal molecules are oriented in one direction when an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer, the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer is n _o. Therefore, the refractive index of the liquid crystal coincides with the refractive index n _{p of the} resin, and the liquid crystal layer enters a light transmitting state. Not a difference between the refractive index n _p and n _o is greater completely liquid crystal layer even when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer and the transparent state, the display brightness is reduced. Refractive index difference between the refractive index n _p and n _o is preferably within 0.1, more within 0.05 are preferred.

Although the proportion of the liquid crystal material in the PD liquid crystal layer is not specified here, it is generally preferably about 30% by weight to 90% by weight, more preferably about 60% by weight to 90% by weight. When the content is less than 30% by weight, the amount of liquid crystal droplets is small, and the scattering effect is poor. When the content is 90% by weight or more, the polymer and the liquid crystal tend to be phase-separated into upper and lower layers, the ratio of the interface is reduced, and the scattering characteristics are reduced. Polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 1
The structure of 08 varies depending on the liquid crystal fraction, and when it is less than about 50% by weight, the liquid crystal drops become independent water droplets.
When it is present in an amount of 50% by weight or more, it becomes a continuous layer in which the polymer and liquid crystal are intertwined with each other.

The average particle size of the liquid crystal droplets or the average pore size of the polymer network is 0.5 μm or more and 3.0 μm or less.
It is preferable to set the following. Among them, 0.8 μm or more 2
μm or less is preferred. When the light modulated by the PD liquid crystal display panel has a short wavelength (for example, blue light), the light is small, and when the light is long (for example, red light), the light is increased. If the average particle diameter of the liquid crystal droplets or the average pore diameter of the polymer network is large, the voltage required for the transmission state decreases, but the scattering characteristics deteriorate. When it is small, the scattering characteristics are improved, but the voltage required for the transmission state is high.

When a polymer dispersed liquid crystal is used for the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention, the average particle diameter of the liquid droplet liquid crystal or the average pore diameter of the polymer network of the liquid crystal display panel that modulates blue light is changed by the liquid crystal that modulates red light. It is smaller than that of the display panel. Further, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 108 of the liquid crystal display panel that modulates red light is made thicker than other liquid crystal display panels.

The polymer-dispersed liquid crystal according to the present invention is a liquid crystal in which the liquid crystal is dispersed in a resin in a water droplet form (see FIG. 6), the resin becomes a sponge form (polymer network), and the liquid crystal is filled between the sponge forms. And the like, and in addition, JP-A-6-208126, JP-A-6-202085, and JP-A-6-347, filed by Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
It also encompasses a layered resin as disclosed in JP-A-818. In addition, as described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-52843, a liquid crystal in which a liquid crystal is sealed in a capsule-shaped storage medium is also included. Further, a liquid crystal or a resin 24 containing a dichroic or polychromatic dye is also included. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-347765 has a similar configuration, and these are also called polymer dispersed liquid crystals. Therefore, the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PD liquid crystal) refers to a liquid crystal layer in which a resin component and a liquid crystal component are contained in a predetermined ratio, and includes a configuration in which the resin and the liquid crystal component are completely or almost phase-separated. .

The thickness of the liquid crystal layer 108 is preferably in the range of 5 to 20 μm, more preferably 8 to 15 μm.
If the film thickness is small, the scattering characteristics are poor and no contrast can be obtained. Conversely, if the film thickness is large, extremely high voltage driving must be performed.

For controlling the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 108, black glass beads 2802 or black glass fiber,
Alternatively, black resin beads or black resin fibers are used. In particular, black glass beads or black glass fibers are preferable because they have extremely high light absorbency and are hard, so that a small number of particles are scattered on the liquid crystal layer 108. In particular, black glass beads are preferable because light leakage around the beads does not occur.

Although the beads and fibers are black in the above description, the present invention is not limited to the case where the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention is used as a light valve of a projection display device. The projection display device uses three liquid crystal display panels as light valves, and modulates light of three colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) with each light valve. Beads or the like used for a liquid crystal display device that modulates the R light may absorb the R light. That is, beads containing a dye that is complementary to the color of the light to be modulated may be used. For example, for blue light, it is yellow.

The liquid crystal layer 108 scatters incident light (black display) when no voltage is applied. When transparent beads are used, even in a black display, light leakage occurs from the beads and the display contrast is reduced. If black or complementary glass beads or glass fibers are used as in the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention, light leakage does not occur and good display contrast can be realized.

As shown in FIG. 15, the insulating film 15 is formed on at least one of the pixel electrode 107 and the stripe electrode 108.
It is effective to form 01. Examples of the insulating film 1501 include an alignment film such as polyimide used for a TN liquid crystal display panel, an organic material such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and an inorganic material such as SiO ₂ , SiNx, and Ta ₂ O ₃ . Preferably, an organic substance such as polyimide is preferable from the viewpoint of adhesion and the like.

The polymer dispersed liquid crystal 108 has a relatively low specific resistance. Therefore, the electric charge applied to the pixel electrode 107 may not be completely held for one field (frame) (1/30 or 1/60 second). If the liquid crystal layer 108 cannot be held, the liquid crystal layer 108 will not be completely transparent, and the display brightness will be reduced. In addition, a high voltage is required to maintain a transparent state.

A thin film made of an organic substance such as polyimide has a very high specific resistance. Therefore, the charge retention can be improved by forming a thin film made of an organic material on the electrode.
Therefore, high brightness display and high contrast display can be realized.

The insulating film 1502 also has an effect of preventing the liquid crystal layer 108 from being separated from the electrodes (the pixel electrode 107 and the striped electrode 102). This is because about half of the material constituting the liquid crystal layer 108 is an organic substance made of resin. Therefore, the insulating film 1501 functions as an adhesive layer.

The formation of the insulating film 1501 made of an organic substance also has the effect of making the pore diameter of the polymer network of the liquid crystal layer 108 or the particle diameter of the liquid crystal in the form of droplets substantially uniform. It is considered that even if an organic residue is left on the pixel electrode 107 or the like, the organic residue is covered with the insulating film 1501. The effect is better with PVA than with polyimide. This is probably because PVA has higher wettability than polyimide. However, according to the results of reliability (light resistance, heat resistance, and the like) tests performed by manufacturing various insulating films 1501 on the panel, polyimide used for an alignment film of a TN liquid crystal, etc.
Good with little change over time. Therefore, in the present invention, the insulating film 1501 is made of polyimide.

When the insulating film 1501 is formed of an organic material, its thickness is preferably in the range of 0.02 μm or more and 0.1 μm, and more preferably 0.03 μm or more and 0.08 μm or less.

As shown in FIG. 1, a light shielding film 109 is formed on the TFT 106. The light shielding film 109 mainly emits light scattered by the liquid crystal layer 108 in the semiconductor layer 50 of the TFT 106.
5 is prevented. When light enters the semiconductor layer 505, a photoconductor phenomenon (hereinafter, referred to as a photocon) occurs in which the TFT 106 does not turn off or the off-resistance of the TFT 106 decreases. This is MIM
But the same is true. Examples of a material for forming the light-shielding film 109 include a material in which carbon is dispersed in an acrylic resin.
In addition, various primary color pigments (red, green, blue, cyan, magenta,
TFT106 which is an optimal mixture of yellow dye)
There is also exemplified a method in which an insulating thin film is formed on the insulating thin film using SiO ₂ or the like, and a metal thin film as a light shielding film is patterned and formed on the insulating thin film. There is also a method of forming a light-shielding film by thickly depositing amorphous silicon. Further, the TFT 106 preferably employs an inverted stagger structure in which a semiconductor layer is formed below a gate.

In the PD liquid crystal display panel, the TFT 1
Switching elements such as 06 are preferably formed by a polysilicon technique so that a photo-con is hardly generated. The polysilicon technology includes a high-temperature polysilicon technology which is a semiconductor technology for fabricating a normal IC, and a low-temperature polysilicon technology for forming an amorphous silicon film, which has been actively developed in recent years, and crystallizing the film. In particular, it is preferable to form the TFT 106 by using a low-temperature polysilicon technology that can incorporate a drive circuit and can manufacture a panel at a low cost. In the TFT 106 formed by the above technique, the occurrence of a photoconductor phenomenon is much less likely to occur in a photoconductor than in a TFT formed by an amorphous silicon technique which is currently used in pocket televisions and the like. Therefore, it is most suitable for a polymer dispersed liquid crystal display panel that performs light modulation by scattering and transmission.

In the case where the light-shielding film 109 is formed of a resin, any material may be used as the light-absorbing material contained in the resin as long as the material has high electrical insulation and does not adversely affect the liquid crystal layer 108. For example, a black pigment or a pigment in which a pigment is dispersed in a resin may be used, or gelatin or casein may be dyed with a black acidic dye like a color filter. As an example of the black pigment, a single fluoran pigment which becomes black may be used by coloring, or a black color mixture of a green pigment and a red pigment may be used.

The above materials are all black materials,
The case where the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention is used as a light valve of a projection display device is not limited to this.
The light shielding film 109 of the liquid crystal display panel that modulates the R light may absorb the R light. In other words, a light absorbing material for a color filter may be modified so as to be able to absorb a specific wavelength and used so as to obtain desired light absorbing characteristics. Basically, similarly to the above-described black absorbing material, a material in which a natural resin is dyed using a dye or a material in which a dye is dispersed in a synthetic resin can be used. The range of choice of the dye is wider than the black dye, and may be an appropriate one of azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, triphenylmethane dyes, and the like, or a combination of two or more thereof. In addition, as a countermeasure against impurities in the light absorbing film, a countermeasure can be taken by removing an alkali metal in a dye (pigment).

The black pigment such as carbon has many materials which adversely affect the liquid crystal layer 108. Therefore, use is not preferable. Therefore, it is preferable to employ a dye capable of absorbing a specific wavelength as the dye contained in the light absorbing thin film as described above.

Note that by using the light shielding film 109 as a resin material, the adhesiveness to the liquid crystal layer 108 is improved. In particular, it is desirable to use the same acrylic resin as the resin material of the liquid crystal layer 108.

When the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention is used as a light valve of a projection type display device, it is preferable to make light incident from the array substrate 101 side. The light that has entered the liquid crystal layer 108 is scattered, causing halation and the like, and may generate heat, which may deteriorate the liquid crystal display panel. The aperture ratio of a liquid crystal display panel is usually about 50%, depending on the panel size and the number of pixels. When light is incident from the array substrate 101 side, only light corresponding to the aperture ratio is incident on the liquid crystal layer 108, and other light is reflected by the gate signal line 201 and the like.

However, when light is incident from the array substrate 101 side, it is conceivable that the incident light directly enters the semiconductor layer of the TFT 106. Therefore, as shown in FIG.
A light-shielding film 506 is formed below T106. As a manufacturing method, a metal material to be a light-shielding film such as Cr or Ta is deposited on the glass substrate 101, and the light-shielding film 506 is patterned. After that, an insulating film 501b of SiO ₂ , SiNx, or the like is deposited at 5000 ° (angstrom) or more. This thickness should be thicker. This is because the parasitic capacitance is also reduced. In addition, the unevenness of the light shielding film 506 is eliminated, and the smoothness is improved. Next, the amorphous silicon film is deposited, dehydrogenated, and then irradiated with an excimer laser to crystallize the amorphous silicon. Thereafter, the crystallized film may be converted into islands, and TFTs, pixel electrodes, and the like may be sequentially formed.

The TFT 106 has a source terminal connected to a source signal line and a drain terminal connected to the pixel electrode 107. Further, an insulating layer 501a is formed over the semiconductor 505, and a gate electrode 504 is formed thereover. This gate electrode 504
The light shielding film 504 is formed thereon.

The thickness of the light shielding film 506 is set to 1000 A or more in Cr. However, if the thickness is too large, the surface may be uneven, and the TFT 106 may not be formed properly.
Therefore, it should be kept below 2000A.

It is also necessary to take measures against light leakage from the periphery of the pixel electrode. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 123, a light-shielding film 506 is formed below the peripheral portion of the pixel electrode 107. Just as if surrounding the pixel electrode. That is, TFT
The light-shielding film 506 is formed below the gate 106 and below the gate signal line 201 and the source signal line. Conventionally, a light-shielding film (black matrix (BM)) has been formed on the counter electrode. This BM is formed on the array substrate 101.

By forming on the array substrate 101 in this way, it is not necessary to align and bond the substrate (opposite electrode substrate) on which the BM is formed and the array substrate 101. Therefore, no displacement of the light-shielding film occurs, the aperture ratio is increased, and cost reduction can be expected. Also in this case, it is preferable that the insulating layer 501 be thick. This is because the gate signal line 201, the source signal line, and the light-shielding film 506 serve as electrodes of the capacitor, and a capacitance (capacitor) is formed. As the thickness of the insulating film 501 increases, the capacitance decreases.

As shown in FIG.
4, source drive circuit 301, gate drive circuit 3
02 is preferably formed on the substrate 101 by using the polysilicon technology, because cost reduction can be expected. However, there is a method using a silicon chip as the gate drive circuit 302 as shown in FIG. The source drive circuit 301
As shown in FIG. 8, it is formed by polysilicon technology. However, it does not exclude that the source drive circuit 301 and the opposing drive circuit 101 are formed of a silicon chip.

It is desirable that the gate drive circuit 302 be formed of a silicon chip because the gate signal line 201
Is relatively high. In the current technology, the mobility is less than 150 in the high-temperature polysilicon technology, and the mobility is as low as about 100 in the low-temperature polysilicon technology, so that it is relatively difficult to increase the output voltage. In addition, the characteristics of the gate insulating film are relatively low, and if the output voltage is increased, the reliability tends to deteriorate. In that case, the drive circuit formed of crystalline silicon or the like has high mobility of about 500 and excellent reliability.

The voltage applied to the liquid crystal display panel is such that the on voltage applied to the gate signal line is about 3 V higher than the positive voltage applied to the source signal line, and the off voltage is higher than the negative voltage applied to the source signal line. About 3V lower. for that reason,
The power supply voltage of the gate drive circuit is about 5 to 6 (V) more than the peak-to-peak voltage of the power supply voltage of the source drive circuit.
It is usually higher.

The power supply voltage of the source drive circuit is 15
(V) to 18 (V), the power supply voltage of the gate drive circuit is 20 (V) or more. At present, it is relatively difficult for a drive circuit formed by the polysilicon technology to have a voltage of 20 (V) or more. However, it is easy with a silicon chip. Therefore, the gate drive circuit 302 is made of a silicon chip (semiconductor chip) and mounted on the substrate 101 as shown in FIG.

As a mounting method, TAB technology and glass-on-chip (COG) technology are used. Among them, it is preferable to use the COG technology from the viewpoint of space saving. Hereinafter, the COG technique used in the present invention will be described. In addition,
The semiconductor chip in this case is called a drive IC.

The drive IC 302 applies 5 μm to each output terminal by using a plating technique or a nail head bonding technique.
A protruding electrode 702 made of gold (Au) having a height of m to 100 μm is formed. Note that it is necessary to use gold having a purity of 99.9% or more. If impurities are contained, corrosion or the like may occur. The protruding electrode 702 and the terminal electrode 7
05 is electrically connected via a conductive bonding layer 703 (conductive adhesive). The conductive bonding layer 703 is mainly composed of an epoxy-based or phenol-based adhesive as an adhesive, and is made of silver (A).
g), flakes such as gold (Au), nickel (Ni), carbon (C), and tin oxide (SnO ₂ ). In addition, an acrylic UV curable resin or the like can be used as the adhesive.

The signal line terminal 705 and the protruding electrode 702
When connecting the terminals, it is necessary to perform alignment, and therefore the terminals of the signal lines are formed of ITO. This is the pixel electrode 107
Formed simultaneously with ITO. Further, a metal film is formed around the terminals in order to reduce the resistance value of the signal line.

The peripheral portion of the liquid crystal layer 108 is sealed with a sealing resin (sealant). As the sealant, there are an epoxy type and a photo-curable acrylic type, but an acrylic type is preferable. The drive IC 302 is coated with a protective resin made of silicone resin or silicone rubber. The protective resin has an effect of preventing water from entering the protruding electrode 702 and also has an effect of bringing the drive IC 302 and the substrate 101 into close contact with each other.
For that purpose, it is necessary to arrange a protective resin 704 between the drive IC 302 and the substrate 101. When the protective resin 704 is cured, its volume is reduced, and the drive IC 302 and the substrate 101 are brought into close contact with each other. Also, when a circuit is formed by the polysilicon technique as shown in FIG. 8, it is preferable to form a protective resin 704 on the circuit. Circuit 301
The purpose is to prevent moisture from entering the water and to prevent mechanical breakage.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a drive circuit for a liquid crystal display panel according to the present invention. In FIG. 10, reference numeral 1001 denotes an amplifier for amplifying a video signal to a predetermined value, and reference numeral 1002 denotes a phase division circuit for generating positive and negative video signals. Note that the positive polarity refers to a high potential with respect to the potential of the counter electrode (hereinafter, referred to as a common voltage), and the negative polarity refers to a low potential. 10
03 is a field (frame) or one horizontal scan (1
H) An output switching circuit for outputting an AC video signal whose polarity is inverted every period, and 401 is the liquid crystal display panel shown in FIG.

The operation of the driving circuit for a liquid crystal display panel according to the present invention will be described below. First, in the amplifier 1001,
The gain is adjusted so that the amplitude of the video signal corresponds to the electro-optical characteristics of the liquid crystal. Next, the gain-adjusted video signal enters the phase division circuit 1002, and two video signals having a positive polarity and a negative polarity with respect to the common voltage are generated. The two video signals enter the output switching circuit 1003, and the output switching circuit 1003 outputs a video signal whose polarity is inverted every 1H period. The reason for inverting the polarity of the signal is to apply an AC voltage to the liquid crystal. Liquid crystals are chemically decomposed and deteriorated when a DC voltage is applied. Also,
Burn-in occurs in the displayed image. Next, output switching circuit 1
003 is input to the source drive circuit 301, and the source drive circuit 301 uses the control signal (timing signal) of the drive control circuit 1004 to control the gate drive circuit 302 and the opposing drive circuit 1.
In synchronization with 04, the sampled video signal is applied to the source signal line of the liquid crystal display panel 401.

FIG. 11 shows a signal waveform when focusing on one pixel. However, it is drawn as a model. In an actual driving method, there is a parasitic capacitance of the TFT 106 and the like, which is different from FIG. Further, the applied voltage and the like will be described conceptually by way of example. 1101 is a waveform applied to the striped electrode;
2 is a waveform applied to the source signal line, 1103 is a waveform applied to the gate signal line.

The opposing drive circuit 104 outputs + V _a and −V _a potentials. Also, the output potential in the first field or frame (1F) is the stripe-shaped electrode C
_2i (where, i is an integer) and outputs a voltage such that the -V _a the + V _a to C _2i-1 on. The next field (frame) in the stripe-shaped electrodes C _2i-1 + V _a, and outputs a voltage such that the -V _a in C _2i. In order to drive to these potentials, each stripe-shaped electrode 102 may be rewritten every scanning period (1H). That is, when the stripe-shaped electrode C _2i has _a voltage of + V _a and C _2i-1 has _a voltage of -V _a ,
The counter signal line C ₁ is changed to + V _a, the C ₂ after IH -V _a
, And after 1H, C ₃ may be changed to + V _a . If the voltage is changed as described above, after one field (frame), all the stripe electrodes 1
The potential of 02 changes. In the next field (frame) again is changed to -V _a to the counter signal line C _1.

[0097] The voltage V _a is less than or equal to threshold voltage of the liquid crystal. The rising voltage of the liquid crystal refers to a voltage at which the alignment state of the liquid crystal starts to change in a TN liquid crystal and a voltage at which the liquid crystal starts to enter a transmission state in a polymer dispersed liquid crystal. Therefore, even if a voltage lower than the rising voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer, the incident light is not modulated. That is, if V _a voltage below threshold voltage of the liquid crystal, when the pixel electrode is 0 (V), the liquid crystal layer 10
8 does not enter the transmission state. However, voltage V _a strictly need not be less than the rising voltage. There is no effect on the image display with higher than some V _a. The screen is only slightly brighter. It is also possible to perform brightness adjustment by increasing the V _a.

On the other hand, the source drive circuit 301 also changes the polarity of the signal every 1H. A source signal line in FIG. 11 outputs a voltage of -V _b and + V _b. However, this is the case of the raster display, and when displaying a moving image on the liquid crystal display panel, it goes without saying that a constant voltage output such as ± _Vb is not obtained. A driving method of changing the polarity of the output signal of the source drive IC every 1H is called 1H inversion driving.

FIG. 12 schematically shows the 1H inversion driving. In FIG. 12, one pixel is indicated by a square, a state in which a positive voltage is written to the pixel is indicated by +, and a state in which a negative voltage is written is indicated by-. In a certain field (frame), the voltage writing state is shown in FIG.
Then, the written state of the voltage after one field (frame) is shown in FIG.

The gate drive circuit 302 outputs a voltage higher than the maximum output voltage (hereinafter referred to as an ON voltage) so that the voltage from the source signal line can be reliably written to the pixel electrode. TF even at minimum output voltage
A low voltage (hereinafter, referred to as T106) so that T106 is not turned on.
Off voltage).

When the TFT 106 is turned on, the pixel electrode 107 is turned on.
-V _b voltage is written to. At that time, the stripe-shaped electrodes C ₁ is held at + V _a voltage. In the next field (frame), + _Vb voltage is written to the pixel electrode 107,
At that time, the stripe-shaped electrodes C ₁ is held at -V _a voltage. The above change is repeated for each field (frame). Therefore, the voltage to be V _c = V _a + V _b is to be applied to the pixel. Change of stripe-shaped electrodes C ₁ is the binary + V _a or -V _a. The voltage written to the pixel in the TFT 106 changes depending on the display image.

In the above driving method, a high voltage can be applied to the pixel by forming the counter electrode in a stripe shape. But,
Considering the operation center of the TFT 106, only the conventional 1H inversion drive is performed. Therefore, the source drive circuit 301 and the gate drive circuit 302 can use conventional ones, and there is no need to improve the breakdown voltage of the TFT 106. This can be applied to a switching element such as a varistor, an MIM, or the like, or with some modifications.

For example, if V _a = 4 (V) and the maximum output voltage of source drive circuit 302 is 6 (V), V
Driving at _c = 4 + 6 = 10 (V) is possible. In the case of a PD liquid crystal, when the film thickness is 10 μm, the voltage that can be almost transmitted is 6
(V). At 12 μm, the scattering characteristics are low and high display contrast cannot be expected. If 10 (V) can be applied to the liquid crystal layer, the thickness of the liquid crystal can be made close to or greater than 15 μm, and the scattering characteristics are dramatically improved. Therefore,
High display contrast can be realized. According to the present invention, the array substrate side can use the conventional one as it is. The manufacturing cost is not very high, and T
The FT 106 does not deteriorate due to the voltage stress.

[0104] Particularly, when the PD liquid crystal, the higher the rising voltage V _a when the film thickness is increased. Therefore, the voltage applied to the stripe electrode 102 can be increased, which is convenient. That is, even if the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is increased, the liquid crystal layer can be made to be in a completely transmissive state by adopting the configuration shown in FIG. The thickness of the TN liquid crystal cannot be changed to 4 to 5 μm. Therefore, there is not much advantage even if the structure of the striped electrode is adopted. The PD liquid crystal 108 is solid. Therefore, a counter substrate is not required, and the weight can be reduced.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram describing the structure of the display panel of the present invention in more detail. Each source signal line Sj
(However, 1 ≦ j ≦ n) is connected to an analog switch 1304 composed of a P-channel MOS transistor and an N-channel MOS transistor, and a video signal line (SI
G) is connected. The gate terminal of the analog switch is connected to the output of a NAND (NAND) 1302 via an inverter (INV) 1303 or not. One terminal of the input of the NAND 1302 is connected to the out enable (OE) terminal, and the other terminal is connected to the output of the shift register (SR) 1301.

Normally, the OE terminal is at L level,
The output of R1301 is transmitted to analog switch 1304. The SR sequentially shifts the data, closes the analog switch 1304 of the output at the position in the data, samples the SIG signal at that time, and outputs it to the source signal line Sj. The TFT 106 writes data of the source signal line Sj to the pixel electrode 107 in synchronization with the gate drive circuit 302. The other analog switch 1304 is open.

When the OE terminal becomes H level, all the analog switches 1304 are closed, and the SIG signal at that time is sampled and output to the source signal line Sj (1 ≦ j ≦ n). That is, the same video data is written to all the source signal lines.

In the -H inversion drive, the signal applied to the SIG signal line is applied with the signal polarity inverted every -H. In the case of 1F (one field) inversion drive, the signal polarity is inverted every 1F and applied. Hereinafter, in order to facilitate the description, the description will be made by taking the 1H inversion drive as an example.

FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram for 1H inversion driving. The polarity of the SIG signal is inverted every 1H. O
The E terminal has a predetermined period H before and after the HD synchronization signal of the HS signal.
Level, and the L level during other periods. A signal of amplitude A is superimposed on the SIG signal in synchronization with the H level. The amplitude A of the signal is determined based on the magnitude and amplitude of a video signal (hereinafter referred to as a display video signal) displayed in the display area. When the amplitude value of the display video signal is large, the amplitude A is increased, and when it is small, the amplitude A is decreased.

The OE terminal outputs an H level signal in synchronization with the period (time) during which the amplitude A superimposed on the blanking period is applied. That is, as can be understood from FIG.
During this period, all the analog switches 1304 are turned on, and the signal of amplitude H is written to all the source signal lines.

The reason why the signal having the amplitude H is written as described above is as follows.
This is for precharging (charging) the source signal line before writing the display video signal. The source signal line has a capacitance and has a certain time constant. Therefore, the charging characteristics to the source signal line are improved by charging in advance. In particular, the main purpose of the amplitude A at the time a before the display video signal is to charge the source signal line. The main purpose of the amplitude A at the time of b is to reduce the luminance gradient at the beginning and end of writing on the display screen.

Next, another embodiment of the driving method will be described. FIG. 120 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional problem. FIG.
20 (a) is a conventional SIG signal waveform of the display area in the 1H period. In order to facilitate the explanation, the explanation is given using a white raster display as an example. In a video signal of a normally black mode (NB mode), a blanking period is a signal of a black level (common voltage) (that is, point A), and a white level (IRE 100%, that is, point B) in a display area. However, it is impossible for an amplifier or the like that outputs the SIG signal to rapidly change the black level to the white level. This is because an infinite band characteristic is required.

Therefore, as shown in FIG.
Even if the black level is suddenly changed from the black level to the white level at the beginning of the video, a certain rising time (A → B) is required. For this reason, the image start portion of the display screen is grayed instead of white.

In order to solve this problem, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 121B, a white-level video signal is output to the SIG signal line before the video starts. In other words, even if the output band of the amplifier is narrow, the white level video signal is output in advance at point C as shown in FIG. 121 (c), and the voltage reaches the white level voltage at point A at the start of the video. Therefore, the gray display on the left side does not occur as shown in FIG.

Whether or not to output a white level signal at point C is determined based on the amplitude value during period h (start of image) in FIG. 121 (b). This can be done by A / D converting the display video signal, storing it in a memory, and determining the size of the digital data corresponding to the h period.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 122, when the amplitude value of the display video signal is small (especially when the amplitude value in the h period is small), it is not necessary to superimpose a white signal at C time as a SIG signal (see FIG. 122). 122 (c)). The amplitude output at the point C may be determined based on the response time of the liquid crystal and the band of the amplifier that outputs the SIG signal. When the response time of the liquid crystal is slow and the bandwidth of the amplifier is narrow, it is necessary to increase the output amplitude at the point C and / or to extend the point C as far as possible (the time from the point C to the start of the image is long). This may be determined by experiment or the like.

The description in FIGS. 120 to 122 is for the NB mode. In the case of the normally white (NW) mode, the opposite may be considered (the white level and the black level are reversed), and the description is omitted.

Hereinafter, a display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention will be sequentially described. FIG. 15 shows that a light-shielding film 901 is formed between the stripe-shaped electrodes 102 in addition to the structure shown in FIG. The material of this light-shielding film is shown in FIG.
9 and FIG. 9 (b) and so on, and a description thereof will be omitted. Further, an insulating film 1501 is formed on a surface which is in contact with the liquid crystal layer 108.

FIG. 16 shows a protective film 10 in addition to the structure shown in FIG.
The protective sheet 1602 is further arranged or formed on the third sheet. Examples of the protective sheet 1602 include an organic film such as polyester, polypropylene, vinyl chloride, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and a plate made of glass, ceramic, or the like. In the case where the display panel is of a reflective type and the striped electrodes 102 are made of a reflective electrode such as a metal, the protective sheet 1602 may be a metal plate, a metal thin film, a black resin film, a film containing carbon, or the like. .

On the other hand, a dielectric film 1601 made of a dielectric having a lower relative dielectric constant than the liquid crystal layer 108 is formed between the adjacent pixel electrodes 107. The dielectric film 1601
May be formed by either thin film technology or thick film technology. Also,
In the case where the low dielectric film 1601 is formed over the entire area of the signal line, the low dielectric film 1601 may be formed on the source signal line and the gate signal line 201.
This includes a case where the pixel electrode 107 is formed on the pixel electrode 1.

The low dielectric film 1601 is formed to prevent the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer 108 from being abnormally oriented by an electric field from a source signal line or the like or an electric field between adjacent pixels. As a countermeasure, a low dielectric film 1601 is formed.

Examples of the low dielectric material include inorganic materials such as SiO ₂ and SiNx, and organic materials such as the polymer 602 of the liquid crystal layer 108, resist, and PVA. By forming the low dielectric material into a thin film or a thick film as shown in FIG. 16, electromagnetic coupling between the signal line 201 and the like and the pixel electrode 107 can be prevented. Of course, electromagnetic coupling between the signal line 201 and the striped electrode (counter electrode) can also be prevented.
The liquid crystal layer 108 on the low dielectric film 1601 is almost always in a scattering state or a non-operating state.

Although FIG. 16 shows that the low dielectric material is formed in the form of a film, the present invention is not limited to this.

The reason why the columns and the low dielectric film 1601 made of a low dielectric material can be easily formed is that the PD liquid crystal display panel does not require the alignment treatment called rubbing like the TN liquid crystal display panel. If the column and the low dielectric film 1601 made of a low dielectric are formed, the alignment treatment called rubbing involves difficulty. The rubbing cloth is stuck on the pillars or the low dielectric film 1601 made of a low dielectric material, and the surface of the substrate 101 is not rubbed well (rubbing is impossible).
That's why.

The low dielectric film 1601 may be colored.
By coloring, light diffusely reflected in the liquid crystal layer 108 can be absorbed, and the image quality can be improved. A black pigment or pigment dispersed in a resin may be used, or gelatin or casein may be dyed with a black acidic dye like a color filter. As an example of the black pigment, a single fluoran pigment which becomes black may be used by coloring, or a black color mixture of a green pigment and a red pigment may be used.

The above materials are all black materials.
When the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is used as a light valve of a projection display device, the present invention is not limited to this.
The low dielectric film 1601 of the liquid crystal display panel that modulates light may absorb R light. Therefore, a natural resin can be dyed using a dye, or a material in which the dye is dispersed in a synthetic resin can be used. For example, an appropriate one of azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, triphenylmethane dyes, and the like, or two of them.
What is necessary is just to combine more than kinds. In particular, it is preferable to use those having a complementary color relationship. For example, when the incident light is blue, the resin is colored yellow.

The above description also applies to other display panels of the present invention. As described above, the technical concept disclosed in the present invention is naturally applied to other embodiments even if not illustrated in the drawings and the like. For example, FIG. 1 does not have a counter substrate, and FIG. 18 has a counter substrate 110. However, the display panel from which the counter substrate 110 is removed in FIG. 18 is also included in the technical concept of the display panel of the present invention. The fifteen insulating films 1501 are also applied to the other embodiments.

FIG. 18 shows the liquid crystal layer 108 as the first liquid crystal layer 10.
8a and the second liquid crystal layer 108b. The first liquid crystal layer 108a is sandwiched between the pixel electrode 107 and the counter electrode 1801, and the second liquid crystal layer 108b is sandwiched between the counter electrode 1801 and the stripe electrode 102a.
The pixel electrode 107 is not limited to the transmission type (formed of a transparent electrode such as ITO), but may be a reflection electrode formed of a metal material such as Cr, Al, and Ti. This is the same in other embodiments.

The first liquid crystal layer 108a and the second liquid crystal layer 10
8b may be used to change the average particle size of the liquid crystal droplets or the average pore size of the polymer network. Further, a guest-host liquid crystal may be contained in the first or second liquid crystal layer,
Further, the polymer may be colored with a dye or the like. Further, the thickness of the liquid crystal layers 108a and 108b may be changed. In any case, the first liquid crystal layer 108a and the second liquid crystal layer 10
8b may be the same, but one may be changed (if different). Further, the liquid crystal layer 108 is not limited to a PD liquid crystal, and the first liquid crystal layer 108a may be a PD liquid crystal and the second liquid crystal layer 108b may be a TN liquid crystal. Further, although the stripe-shaped electrode 102a is formed on the counter substrate 110, the counter electrode 1801 may be formed on the counter substrate 110, and the counter electrode 1801 may be a stripe electrode.

FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view in a direction parallel to the gate signal line 201, while FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view in a direction orthogonal to the gate signal line 201. As shown in FIG. 19, it is preferable that an insulating film 1501 made of polyimide or the like be formed at a position where the electrodes (the pixel electrode 107, the counter electrode 1801, and the striped electrode 102) are in contact with the liquid crystal layer.

Each electrode preferably has an antireflection film configuration. If the electrodes are formed by ITO, the refractive index n ₂ of the ITO is 1.9 to 2.0. On the other hand, the liquid crystal layer 10
N _x refractive index and the glass substrate 8 is 1.5 to 1.6. Therefore, light is reflected by the difference between the two refractive indexes.
Because reflectance represented by _{((n x -n 2) /} (n x + n 2)) 2, - 2% at the interface, and 4% at both interfaces of the ITO. If there are three electrodes as shown in FIG. 19, 4% × 3 = 12
% Of light is reflected and lost. As a countermeasure, each electrode employs an antireflection film configuration shown in FIG. In addition,
The following configuration is effective even when each electrode is a reflective electrode. This is because the reflectance is increased.

FIG. 20A shows a three-layer structure of a dielectric thin film 2002b (first thin film), an electrode 2001, and a dielectric thin film 2002a (second thin film). The optical film thickness of the electrode 2001 is λ / 2 (λ is the main design wavelength), and the dielectric thin film 2002 is λ / 2. Needless to say, the electrode 2001 functions as an electrode for applying an electric field to the liquid crystal layer 108.

First thin film 2002b and second thin film 2
The refractive index of 002a is preferably 1.60 or more and 1.80 or less.
No. SiO, Al as an example_TwoO_Three, Y_TwoO_Three, MgO, C
eF _Three, WO_Three, PbF_TwoIs exemplified.

One embodiment of a specific configuration is shown in Table 1.
FIG. 21 shows the spectral reflectance. As can be seen from FIG. 21, according to the configuration of (Table 1), the wavelength bandwidth 20
Characteristics with a reflectance of 0.1% or less can be realized over 0 nm or more, and an extremely high antireflection effect can be obtained. In each table of the present invention, the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 21 in the scattering state is 1.6, but this value changes if the liquid crystal material and the polymer material change. The refractive index of the liquid crystal scattering state n _x, when the first and the refractive index of the second dielectric thin film was a refractive index of n _1, ITO thin film and _{n 2, n x <n 1} <
It may be so as to satisfy the condition n _2.

[0135]

[Table 1]

First thin film 2002b and second thin film 2
The refractive index of 002a is desirably from 1.60 to 1.80. In each of the embodiments shown in Table 1, SiO was used, but one or both of the thin films were replaced with Al.
Any of ₂ O ₃ , Y ₂ O ₃ , MgO, CeF ₃ , WO ₃ , and PbF ₂ may be used.

Table 2 shows a case where the first thin film 2002b and the second thin film 2002a are made of Y ₂ O ₃ . FIG. 22 shows the spectral reflectance.

[0138]

[Table 2]

The spectral reflectance of FIG. 22 tends to be slightly higher for the B light and the R light than in the case of FIG.

Similarly, Table 3 shows a case where the first thin film 2002b is made of SiO and the second thin film 2002a is made of Y ₂ O ₃ . FIG. 23 shows the spectral reflectance. An extremely excellent antireflection effect of 0.1% or less is realized over the entire visible light region.

[0141]

[Table 3]

Table 4 shows that the first thin film 2002b is made of Al ₂
The case where O ₃ is used as the second thin film 2002a is shown as O ₃ . FIG. 24 shows the spectral reflectance. In the regions of R light and B light, the reflectance exceeds 0.5%, which is not appropriate.

[0143]

[Table 4]

As described above, by forming the dielectric thin films 2002b and 2002a in three layers on both surfaces of the electrode 2001, an effect of preventing reflected light can be obtained. However, as shown in FIGS. 21 to 24, the spectral reflectance changes when the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 108 changes. In other words, it depends on the liquid crystal material and the like, so that the optimization design is important.

When the liquid crystal layer 108 and each electrode are in direct contact, the deterioration of the liquid crystal layer 108 tends to progress. This is presumably because impurities in the electrodes elute into the liquid crystal layer 108. When the dielectric thin film 2002 is formed between the electrode and the liquid crystal layer 108 as in the above-described three-layer configuration, the liquid crystal layer 108 does not deteriorate. This is particularly favorable when the dielectric thin film 2002 is made of Al ₂ O ₃ or Y ₂ O ₃ .

When the dielectric thin film 2002 is SiO,
Tends to decrease. This is the liquid crystal 108
It is considered that oxygen is bonded to oxygen atoms such as H ₂ O and O ₂ contained in a trace amount, and SiO is changed to SiO ₂ . In that sense, the configurations of (Table 1) and (Table 4) are not suitable. However, SiO does not change into SiO ₂ in a short period of time, and can be used in practical use.

The optical thickness of the first and second dielectric thin films was λ / 4, and the optical thickness of the electrode was λ / 2.
The optical thickness of the first and second dielectric thin films 2002 is λ
/ 4, the optical thickness of the electrode 2001 may be λ / 4.

Further, according to the theory of the antireflection film, N
Is an odd number of 1 or more and M is an integer of 1 or more, the optical film thickness of the first and second dielectric thin films 2002 is (N ·
λ) / 4, the optical film thickness of the ITO thin film 2001 is (N ·
λ) / 4. Alternatively, the optical film thickness of the first and second dielectric thin films 2002 is (N · λ) / 4,
The optical film thickness of the O thin film 2001 may be (M · λ) / 2.

Further, as shown in FIG.
One of the second thin film 2002 and the second thin film 2002 can be omitted. In that case, the performance as antireflection is somewhat reduced, but is often sufficient for practical use. FIG.
As shown in (c), the optical thickness of the electrode may be λ / 4, and the optical thickness of the dielectric thin film may be a two-layer configuration of λ / 4.

As described above, the light transmittance is improved by forming a dielectric thin film on the front and back or one side of each electrode 2001, high-luminance display can be performed, and reflected light can be prevented. Can be improved.

In Tables 1 to 4, one of the dielectric thin films is in contact with the liquid crystal layer, the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer is 1.60, and the other is a glass substrate, the refractive index of which is 1.5.
It is 2. However, in FIG. 18 and the like, both of the electrodes 1801 are in contact with the liquid crystal layer. Therefore, the dielectric thin film formed in contact with the electrode 1801 is different from the states shown in (Table 1) to (Table 4). However, in this case, the glass substrate may be replaced with a liquid crystal. The refractive index of the glass substrate is 1.
At 52, the liquid crystal is 1.60, and the difference in the refractive index is slight. Therefore, even if the glass substrate is a liquid crystal, the spectral characteristics shown in FIG. 21 and the like hardly change.

Further, an anti-reflection effect can be obtained without forming a dielectric thin film on at least one surface of the electrode. For example, the optical thickness of the electrode may be λ / 2.
λ is a central wavelength of light incident on the display panel. When a display panel is used as a light valve of a projection display device, λ is a panel that modulates R light, and a central wavelength of R light is
A panel that modulates G light has a central wavelength of G light, and a panel that modulates B light has a central wavelength of B light. That is, the optical film thickness of the electrode is set to an optimum value with respect to the wavelength of the incident light. In this case, the spectral characteristic is a V-shaped curve. However, in the case of a light valve or the like, since the band of light modulated by each light valve is narrow, it is practically sufficient.
This is because the bottom side of the V-shaped curve is the bandwidth of the light to be modulated, and therefore, almost no reflected light is generated.

Of the light incidence surface and light emission surface of the display panel,
It is preferable to form an AIR coat 1901 on at least one, and preferably both, as shown in FIG. This is for preventing reflected light and improving the light transmittance of the display panel.

The AIR coat 1901 has a three-layer structure or a two-layer structure. In the case of three layers, it is used to prevent reflection in a wide wavelength band of visible light, and this is called a multi-coat. In the case of two layers, it is used to prevent reflection in a specific visible light wavelength band, and this is called a V coat. The multi-coat and the V-coat are selectively used depending on the use of the liquid crystal display device. Usually, the V coat is adopted when a liquid crystal display device is used as a light valve of a projection type display device, and the multi coat is adopted when the liquid crystal display device is used as a direct view type panel.

N is the refractive index of each thin film, d₁The thin film object
When the physical thickness and λ are the design dominant wavelength,
Aluminum oxide (Al_TwoO_Three) For the optical film thickness n
d = λ / 4, zirconium (ZrO_Two) To nd₁= Λ /
2. Magnesium fluoride (MgF_Two) To nd₁= Λ / 4 product
It is formed in layers. Usually, λ is 520 nm or its
Is formed as a value in the vicinity of In the case of V coat
Optical thickness nd of silicon monoxide (SiO)₁= Λ / 4
And magnesium fluoride (MgF_Two) To nd₁= Λ / 4, also
Or yttrium oxide (Y_TwoO_Three) And magnesium fluoride
(MgF_Two) To nd₁= Λ / 4. What
Note that SiO has an absorption band on the blue side and modulates blue light
Y to do_TwoO_ThreeIt is better to use Also, the stability of the substance
Y from the nature _TwoO_ThreeIs preferred because it is more stable.

In FIG. 18, a stripe electrode 102 is formed on a counter substrate 110. However, this counter substrate 11
Needless to say, 0 may be removed as shown in FIG. 1 to reduce the weight of the display panel.

The second liquid crystal layer 108b mainly changes the luminance level of the screen. First liquid crystal layer 108
“a” displays images in a matrix.

FIG. 25 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention shown in FIG. 26 and 27 are explanatory diagrams of the display panel of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the operation of the display panel of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 26 and 27. Video images include dark images (such as night scenes) and bright images (such as coastal scenes in fine weather). When trying to display a dark image and a bright image on one display panel, there is difficulty in displaying the gradation characteristics. In particular, in the case of a liquid crystal display panel, only about 100 gradations can be displayed. A dark image is displayed using the lower 50 gradations of the 100 gradations, and a bright image is displayed using the upper 50 gradations of the 100 gradations. In both cases, the gradation characteristics are insufficient, resulting in an image display in which black and white areas are lost. Therefore, in order to display both a dark screen and a bright screen satisfactorily with one liquid crystal display panel, it is basically necessary that the gradation characteristics be 100 or more. Since the PD liquid crystal display panel can perform high-luminance display, a bright image display is good, but a dark image display is long.

Therefore, in the present invention, the second liquid crystal layer 108b
To obtain display brightness and contrast, and the first liquid crystal layer 1
08a displays a matrix image. As shown in FIG. 25 and FIG.
a, 108b operate as a common electrode.

Now, for ease of explanation, it is assumed that a voltage of 0 (V) to V ₂ (V) is applied to the second liquid crystal layer 108b, and 0 (V) is applied to the first liquid crystal layer 108a. V) to V ₁
Description will be made assuming that the voltage (V) is applied. The light modulation mode of the liquid crystal will be described as an NB mode.

Opposing electrode 1801 and striped electrode 10
When a voltage is applied between the two, the light transmittance changes according to the applied voltage. Similarly, the pixel electrode 107 and the counter electrode 180
When a voltage is applied during one period, the light transmittance changes according to the applied voltage. When the voltage to the first liquid crystal layer 108a is 0 (V)
When the voltage changes from V ₁ to V ₁ (V), the liquid crystal layer starts transmitting light at a rising voltage V ₀ or more, and a TV curve as shown by a one-point oblique line in FIG. 27 is obtained. On the other hand, the second liquid crystal layer 1
Similarly, the light transmittance of 08b changes according to the applied voltage. The second liquid crystal layer 108b is a transmittance T ₁ by applying a voltage V _2. The two liquid crystal layers 108a and 108b, the transmittance will be capable of changing from almost zero to T _2.

That is, in the first liquid crystal layer 108a, T ₂ −
A change in T _{1 and} a change in T ₁ −0 can be realized in the second liquid crystal layer 108b. Therefore, the gradation characteristics can be greatly improved as compared with a single liquid crystal layer. For example, 100
If the gradation and the liquid crystal layer 108b can express 80 gradations, the display panel of the present invention can realize 100 + 80 = 180 gradations. However, the second liquid crystal layer 108b changes the transmittance of the entire row, and the first liquid crystal layer 108a changes the transmittance of each pixel 107.

FIG. 29 is an explanatory diagram of a driving method and a driving circuit of the display panel shown in FIG. Video signal is A / D
The digital signal is converted into a digital signal by a conversion circuit 2901, and the digital signal is converted into a frame memory or a line memory 2902.
Are sequentially stored. The data stored in the frame memory is added by a circuit 2903 (one-period operation circuit) that performs an operation for each row, and an average value is obtained. More preferably, the maximum value, the minimum value, and the luminance distribution (pixel transmittance distribution) within the 1H period are obtained and reflected in the calculation result. The reason is that even if the average value of one row is the same value, if it becomes a black and white stripe pattern, when all data is the same like a raster signal,
This is because only a few pixels have peak luminance (transmittance), and the appearance of the displayed image is completely different from the case where the luminance of other pixels is low. The most optimal calculation result can be obtained by calculating the maximum value, the minimum value, and the like and reflecting the calculated value in the calculation result. It should be noted that the operation described here does not only mean a calculation, but is a broad concept of performing some kind of data processing.

The calculation result of the 1H period calculation circuit 2903 is D
/ A conversion circuit 2904a, and the D / A conversion circuit 2
At 904a, it is converted to a voltage value. The stripe-shaped electrode 10 whose voltage value corresponds to the one row of pixels on which the calculation was performed
2 is applied.

Therefore, the transmittance shown in FIG. 27 takes a value from 0 to T ₁ depending on the voltage applied to the stripe-shaped electrode.

On the other hand, the data in the frame memory 2902 undergoes video signal processing as shown in FIG. This is a video signal processing circuit 2905 in FIG.
Data from the video signal processing circuit 2905 is converted into analog data by a D / A conversion circuit 2904b, transferred to a source drive IC (source drive circuit) 301, and the analog data is output to a source signal line to be output to each pixel electrode 1
07 is written. Each pixel electrode 107 is shown in FIG.
The TV curve from the one-point oblique line to the solid line shown in FIG. 7 is taken.

The horizontal synchronizing signal HS and the vertical synchronizing signal V
S is input to the drive control circuit 1004, and a timing signal is generated by a PLL circuit (not shown) or the like. The timing signal is transmitted to a gate drive IC (gate drive circuit) 302 and a counter drive IC (counter drive circuit) 1
04 and source drive IC (source drive circuit)
Sent to 301, each circuit operates in synchronization.

As described above, the gradation characteristic is improved by performing the operation for each pixel row. In addition, the voltage applied to the pixel electrode 107 and the voltage applied to the stripe-shaped electrode 102 are about 6 to 8 (V), and can be sufficiently handled by the current polysilicon technology or the like. The reliability of the circuit is also sufficient. In addition, the scattering characteristics (the scattering characteristics when two liquid crystal layers are overlapped) viewed continuously from the liquid crystal layers 108a and 108b are very good, and high contrast display can be realized.

The first liquid crystal layer 108a and the second liquid crystal layer 10
8b is preferably formed of PD liquid crystal,
One may be a TN liquid crystal, or may be PLZT or the like. Preferably, guest-host liquid crystal is mixed into one of the liquid crystal layers 108 in order to improve the contrast. In addition, in order to avoid a decrease in light transmittance very simply,
It is preferable that the second liquid crystal layer 108b be formed so as to have a smaller thickness or a lower scattering characteristic than the first liquid crystal layer 108a.

The above description is of a method of calculating in the direction of one pixel row. The structure of the striped electrode is shown in FIG.
(A) corresponds to this. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 30B, the stripe-shaped electrodes 102 may be formed or arranged in one pixel column direction. In this case, the 1H period operation circuit 2 shown in FIG.
903 may be configured as a circuit that operates in one column direction. Although the stripe-shaped electrode 102 is arranged or formed for each pixel row or column, the present invention is not limited to this. One stripe-shaped electrode 102 is arranged for two rows or two columns or more pixel rows or columns. It goes without saying that the electrode 102 may be arranged. In this case, the operation may be performed for each of a plurality of pixel rows and a voltage may be applied to the stripe-shaped electrode 102.

If further developed, the striped electrode 1
One electrode may be used instead of 02. That is, the second liquid crystal layer 108b is configured to be sandwiched between the counter electrode 1801 and the solid electrode. In this case, the voltage applied to the second liquid crystal layer 108b may be determined by calculating the data applied to all the pixels of one screen or calculating by picking up the data applied to the predetermined pixels. .

The above operation is to determine the voltage to be applied to the stripe-shaped electrode 102 and the like, and display an image.
However, in some cases, it may be desirable to simply adjust the brightness of an image. This is a case where the dark level may float and it is desired to brighten the screen. For example, this is a case where a display image is viewed in a bright room. Here, this is called brightness adjustment. In this case, the light transmittance may be increased by applying a voltage to the stripe-shaped electrode 102 without performing the calculation. These technical ideas are also included in the present invention.

FIG. 28 is an explanatory diagram of a method of manufacturing the display panel of the present invention shown in FIG. 25 and the like. First, the array substrate 101
Is coated with an insulating film 1501a or the like. Thereafter, a solution in which uncured photocurable resin and liquid crystal are mixed between the release plate (sheet) 2801 and the array substrate (hereinafter, referred to as a mixed solution)
Is held. As a holding method, the separation plate 2801 and the array substrate 101 are held at predetermined intervals by using beads or the like, the interval is evacuated, and then the vacuum state is stopped, and the mixed solution 2803a is injected into the interval. A method (called a vacuum injection method) is exemplified. Also, beads 28
02 and a mixed solution 2803 are dropped on the array substrate 101, covered with a peeling plate 2801 and pressed to obtain a predetermined liquid crystal layer thickness (referred to as a dropping method). Other examples include a method of printing the mixed solution 2803 by screen printing (printing method). There is also a method of applying the mixed solution with a spinner (spinner method). Although any of the above methods may be used, the monomer may be ejected when vacuum injection is performed, and the mixed solution 2803 may be deteriorated. Therefore, the present invention employs a dropping method.

The release plate may be a plate made of glass (soda glass, opal glass or the like) or a sheet made of polyester, but it must have good releasability. For example, a plate or sheet coated with a fluororesin is exemplified. Besides, a silicon resin film, a fluororesin film, an olefin resin film such as polyethylene / polypropylene may be used. The mixed solution 2803 is subjected to a defoaming treatment before dropping. The beads 2802 have a diameter of 5 μm to 20 μm, preferably 8 to 15 μm. Also, beads 280
2 may be sprayed on the array substrate 101 in advance. After leaving for a predetermined time, the release plate 2801 is overlaid on the mixed solution. At this time, the array substrate 101 is stacked from one end so that air does not enter. The state at that time is shown in FIG. Next, pressure is applied from above the release plate 2801 so that the distance between the release plate 2801 and the array substrate 101 is equal to the diameter of the beads 2802. As a pressing method, a method of pressing from the substrate end with a roller or the like can be used.

Next, ultraviolet rays are irradiated from the peeling plate 2801 side. In the mixed solution 2803a, only the photocurable resin is cured to cause phase separation to form a droplet crystal or a polymer network. The state of the water-drop liquid crystal is determined by the mixing ratio of the liquid crystal and the resin. When the liquid crystal is 50% by weight or less, the liquid crystal becomes a spherical liquid crystal droplet which exists independently in the polymer matrix. They are connected to form a continuous phase, forming a three-dimensional network structure. Further, the average particle diameter or the average void space of the liquid crystal droplet is determined by the intensity of the ultraviolet light applied when forming the polymer matrix. In the present invention, the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer 15a has a power of 90 W /
Irradiation was carried out at a belt conveyor speed of 3 m / min using a metal halide lamp having a strength of cm 2 (square centimeter). The average particle size of the liquid crystal droplets of the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display panel thus obtained was about 1.2 μm.

After curing as described above, the release plate 2801 is peeled off and removed. At this time, since the fluororesin or the like has good releasability, it can be easily peeled off by applying pressure to the end of the peeling plate 2801. Next, the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 108a
An insulating film 1501 is formed thereon, and a thin film having a light transmitting property, for example, an ITO thin film 1801 is formed thereon.
This is the counter electrode. This state is shown in FIG. Note that the ITO thin film may be a SnO ₂ thin film, a conductive paste, a metal thin film, or the like.

Next, the beads 28 are placed on the opposite electrode 1801.
02 is added dropwise. This state is shown in FIG. On the other hand, the striped electrode 10
2 and an insulating film 150 on the stripe-shaped electrode 102.
The substrate 110 on which 1d is formed is put on the mixed solution 2803b. In addition, a sealing resin is applied to the periphery of the substrate 110. After that, the array substrate 101 and the counter substrate 110 are bonded together. At this time, the opposing pixel electrode 1
07 and the stripe-shaped electrode 102 are accurately laminated so as to be vertically overlapped. This state is shown in FIG. Thereafter, irradiation is performed at a belt conveyor speed of 2 m / min using a metal halide lamp having an intensity of 50 W / cm 2 (square centimeter) to cure the mixed solution 2803b. The polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer 108b thus obtained
Has an average particle size of about 2.0 μm.

In FIGS. 28 (a) and 28 (d), ultraviolet rays are irradiated only from above, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a metal halide lamp having an intensity of 100 W / cm 2 (square centimeter) from above may be used, and irradiation may be performed for about 30 seconds with a metal halide lamp of 50 W / cm 2 (square centimeter) from below. The lamp for generating ultraviolet rays may be ultrahigh-pressure mercury or the like, and any resin or means for generating visible light when the resin component cures with visible light may be used. Also, laser light or the like can be employed as the light generating means.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 28 and the like, it has been described that the mixed solution 2803 is simply held between the release means 2801 and the panel. However, mass production is improved by the following method. I do. FIG. 109 is an explanatory diagram thereof.

Array substrate 101 and release film 2801
A mixed solution containing beads is continuously dropped in between. The transparent release film 2801 is supplied with a supply roller 10903.
Continuously supplied from. Nipped mixed solution 2803
Is pressed by a rolling roller 10902 to have a uniform film thickness. At this time, the rolling roller 10902 is vibrated by ultrasonic waves. By vibrating with ultrasonic waves, vibration is given to the substrate 101 and the release film 2801, and the mixed solution has a more uniform film thickness. After that, the liquid mixture layer 108 is irradiated with light by the light irradiating means 10901 to the uniform mixed solution.
Are allowed to phase separate. The release film 2801 is sequentially collected by a take-up roller 10904.

When applying pressure with the rolling roller 10902, the film thickness may be controlled while monitoring the thickness of the mixed solution with a film thickness meter or the like. As the thickness gauge, an interference thickness gauge or the like which is usually used for measuring the thickness of a liquid crystal can be used. It is more preferable that the film thickness is measured at two or three places simultaneously in the display area.
As an interference film thickness meter, a liquid crystal cell gap measuring device (TFM-120AFT type) manufactured by Oak Manufacturing Co., Ltd. is exemplified.

When the thickness of the mixed solution 2803 is larger than a predetermined value, a method of increasing the ultrasonic power and increasing the pressure is adopted. On the other hand, when the thickness is thin, the power of the ultrasonic wave is reduced or the pressure of the rolling roller 10902 is reduced. These can be easily adjusted to a desired film thickness by monitoring the film thickness.

The thickness of the predetermined mixed solution is fixed to a predetermined thickness. As a fixing method, irradiation is performed by irradiating linear or spot light. Examples of the laser as the light irradiation means include a YAG laser, an argon laser, a white laser, and an excimer laser. YAG
There is a method of using the second or higher harmonic light of the laser. The second harmonic light of the YAG laser has a wavelength of 530.
mm, green light. Argon laser has a wavelength of 51
4.5 mm. Further, blue light of a white laser can also be used. The wavelength of the blue light is 441.6 mm. The white laser is a hollow cathode type He-Cd laser manufactured by Koito Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Since the intensity and wavelength of the laser beam vary greatly depending on the resin used, it must be determined by experiments. Further, by adding a sensitizer to the mixed solution, the mixture can be easily cured. The laser is effective because a fine spot light of 10 μm or less can be obtained and the energy density is high.

It is also effective to collect light emitted from a mercury lamp and irradiate the light using an aperture and a lens. Light emitted from a mercury lamp contains a large amount of short wavelengths, that is, ultraviolet rays, and has a high light energy intensity.

As a matter of course, an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp may be used as a light source, and ultraviolet light may be applied to the mixed solution. Mixed solution 280
(3) When irradiated with ultraviolet rays, the resin component is cured, and the liquid crystal component and the resin component undergo phase separation. Temperature control during polymerization is important. The heating should be above the nematic-isotropic phase transition temperature. Usually it is around 40 degrees or more. Ultraviolet rays are 20 to 30 mW / c depending on spectral distribution.
Irradiate at an intensity of about m ^{2 for} about 2 to 15 seconds.

The temperature and irradiation conditions of the ultraviolet ray must be determined by drawing a phase diagram of the liquid crystal weight ratio and the phase transition temperature by experiments. If the conditions are inappropriate, the particle size of the liquid crystal changes with time, and the scattering characteristics deteriorate.

In the above embodiment, the method of irradiating the entire surface of one substrate with light is exemplified. A method of performing the irradiation as shown in FIG. 110 is also exemplified. That is, light is emitted in units of one row or one pixel column, or in units of a plurality of pixel rows or a plurality of pixel columns.

In FIG. 110, light is emitted for each row. First, the part A is irradiated with light, and then the light is irradiated on the part B while being moved substantially one line. This is because the portions to be irradiated with light overlap between the portions A and B. In the overlapped portion, the phase separation state is not proper, and the scattering characteristics of the liquid crystal layer are deteriorated.
This portion (overlapping portion) is set between the pixel electrodes. Since there is no effect on image display between the pixel electrodes 107, there is no problem at least in the scattering characteristics.

To irradiate light for each row (column) as described above, a mask 11103 as shown in FIG. 112 may be used. The mask 11103 is formed by forming a light shielding film 11101 of Cr or the like on a glass substrate. Light shielding film 11
The region 101 does not transmit light. The range of A is transparent. Accordingly, one pixel row (column) or a plurality of pixel rows (column) is irradiated by irradiating slit-shaped ultraviolet rays to the range of d.
Can be irradiated with ultraviolet light. This can be realized by sequentially moving the mask in the C direction (or moving the substrate 101).

In FIG. 110, the light is irradiated for each pixel row (column). However, it is needless to say that the light may be irradiated for each pixel. In that case, the opening 11102 is provided for each pixel (or n × n pixels) as shown in FIG.
May be used. The mask is A,
Ultraviolet rays may be applied to the mixed solution 2803 while being sequentially moved in the B direction and the C direction.

When it is desired to adjust the amount of light irradiated between the pixel electrodes and on the pixel electrode 107, a mask 11301 shown in FIG. 113 may be used. In order to increase the amount of transmitted ultraviolet light by making portion A relatively to portion B, mask 11
It is only necessary to provide a thicker light shielding film such as Cr on the portion B of 301. When this mask is used, the amount of light transmitted through the portion A is increased, and the amount of light transmitted through the portion B is reduced.

In order to operate the scattering characteristics on the pixel electrode 107 properly and at a low voltage that can be driven, conditions must be set by experiments and the like so that the liquid crystal layer is properly phase-separated by the amount of light transmitted through the portion B. I just need. At this time, since the amount of light transmitted through the portion A is strong, the average particle diameter of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer below the portion A becomes small. Therefore, the voltage required to enter the transmission state increases. That is, the liquid crystal layer in the portion A is constantly in a scattering state. It is not preferable that the pixel electrodes 107 are originally in a transmission state. Therefore, it is preferable that the TV characteristics of the portion A deteriorate.

If the mask 11301 is used, the pixel electrode 1
A state in which the resin component is increased during the period 07 and the pixel electrode 107 has almost only a liquid crystal component can be produced. This explanation is shown in FIG.
It is shown in FIG. The mask 11301 almost completely shields the portion B from light. Only the portion A is made to transmit ultraviolet rays. The space between the pixel electrodes 107 is located below the portion A. Then, ultraviolet rays are irradiated only between the pixel electrodes 107, and the resin in this portion is cured. Under appropriate light conditions, curing progresses little by little, takes in the resin around the cured portion, and the resin components aggregate. Only the liquid crystal component remains on the pixel electrode 107. Further, the liquid crystal component is oriented along the wall surface of the cured resin.

There is also a method of irradiating two different wavelengths of laser light to separate the liquid crystal layer. The explanatory diagram is shown in FIG.
FIG. Laser beams 11501 and 115 having different wavelengths
Irradiation of the mixed solution with 02 causes interference. That is, the intensity of light is generated. In a place where the light is strong, the resin component is increased, and in a place where the light is weak, the liquid crystal component is increased. Since the liquid crystal and the resin have different refractive indexes, the liquid crystal layer 108 has a layered shape as shown in the figure, and the layer functions as an interference film.

As described above, the display device of the present invention includes not only a liquid crystal layer having a water-drop shape or a polymer network but also a structure as shown in FIGS.

As shown in FIG. 109, the pressure roller 1090
After applying the pressure in Step 2, if there is a little time until the light irradiation is performed, the mixed liquid crystal layer 2803 having a predetermined thickness by applying pressure with the pressure roller 10902 may deviate from a predetermined value. To prevent this, the configuration shown in FIG. 116 may be used.

FIG. 116 shows the diameter of the laser beam 11902 applied by the pressure roller 10902.
Irradiation 602 is performed, and the film is temporarily fixed so that the film is irradiated with light having a uniform thickness. Laser light 11602
Is irradiated between the pixel electrodes 107. Instead of laser light, a light beam from a mercury lamp may be used.

By irradiating the beam 11602,
The photocurable resin component in the mixed solution 2803 is polymerized, and the liquid crystal component and the resin component undergo phase separation. However, irradiation with the light beam 11602 does not provide good scattering characteristics. Usually, the energy density of the light beam is high, so that the liquid crystal droplet becomes very small, and the threshold value of the scattering characteristic that changes with voltage also increases. It is preferred that it does not respond to the applied voltage. This is because the portion irradiated with the laser beam is a portion that does not contribute to image display. That is, irradiation is performed between the pixel electrodes 107.

The pressure is gradually applied while adjusting the degree of pressure from the glass substrate 101 or the like, and a portion where the measured film thickness becomes a predetermined thickness is irradiated with a laser beam 11602 to cure the resin and perform temporary bonding. . The laser light 11602 and the like are applied to a portion where a predetermined liquid crystal film thickness is obtained. Note that the laser light 11602 may scan a signal line or the like linearly.
When the front light beam 11602 is irradiated, the resin is polymerized, and the liquid crystal layer is maintained at a predetermined thickness.

The light beam 11602 is irradiated so as to keep a predetermined liquid crystal film thickness while sequentially moving on a signal line or the like. Therefore, in the present specification, irradiating light in a spot shape is not limited to irradiating a circular spot light, but irradiating light linearly by continuous irradiation of a spot light, or a rectangular spot light It should be understood that irradiating is also included.

After irradiation with the laser beam, the cured resin is solid even if the pressure is removed.
The film thickness of 03 hardly changes. This is a matter peculiar to the polymer dispersed liquid crystal display panel. For example, T
Since the N liquid crystal is a liquid, even if the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is set to a specified value by applying pressure as in the present invention, the state returns to the original state if the pressure is removed. The production method of the present invention utilizes the properties of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal. After that, an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp 109
The mixed solution 2803 is irradiated with ultraviolet light using 01 or the like. When the mixed solution is irradiated with ultraviolet rays, the resin component is cured, and the liquid crystal component and the resin component undergo phase separation.

The above description is also applied to other display panel manufacturing methods and display panel display devices of the present invention as appropriate.

FIG. 31 is a sectional view of a display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention. The substrate configuration is the same as in FIG. However, the striped electrode 102 is the same as that shown in FIG.
It is formed in the column direction as shown in FIG.

A prism plate 3101 is provided on the light exit side of the panel.
Are placed or glued. The prism plate 3101 is preferably bonded to the counter substrate 110 using silicon gel, silicone resin, epoxy resin, or the like so that light is not reflected between the prism plate 3101 and the counter substrate 101.

All the even-numbered stripe-shaped electrodes are configured so that a voltage is simultaneously applied thereto, and all the odd-numbered stripe-shaped electrodes are configured such that a voltage is simultaneously applied thereto. Further, the liquid crystal layer corresponding to the even-numbered stripe-shaped electrodes is in a transmission state in the first field (frame), and at that time, that of the odd-numbered stripe-shaped electrodes is in a scattering state. Conversely, in the second field (frame) following the first field (frame), the liquid crystal layer corresponding to the even-numbered striped electrodes is in a scattering state, and at that time, the liquid crystal layer corresponding to the odd-numbered striped electrodes is It becomes a transmission state. That is, the even-numbered stripe-shaped electrodes and the liquid crystal layer corresponding to the odd-numbered stripe-shaped electrodes alternate between the transmission state and the scattering state for each field (frame).

FIG. 32 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of the display panel of the present invention. When a voltage is applied to the striped electrode 1029, the liquid crystal layer A enters a light transmitting state, and when a voltage is applied to the striped electrode 102b, the liquid crystal layer B becomes
Is in a light transmitting state.

When the liquid crystal layer A enters the light transmitting state, the pixel 107
The image a is visible to the right eye 3202 via the interface 3201a of the prism plate 3101. At this time, since the liquid crystal layer B is in a scattering state, the image of the pixel 107b is not visible to the left eye 3202b. In the next field (frame), since the liquid crystal layer B is in a light transmitting state, the image of the pixel 107a can be seen by the left eye 3202b through the interface 3201b of the prism plate 3101.

[0209] As described above, the image is alternately made visible to the left eye 3202b and the right eye 3202a for each field (frame). At this time, if the signals applied to the pixels 107a and 107b correspond to the stereoscopic vision (3D), the observer can see the stereoscopic image.

FIG. 25 shows a structure in which the counter electrode 1801 is formed between the first liquid crystal layer 108a and the second liquid crystal layer 108b, but this structure can also be realized as shown in FIG. .

FIG. 33 shows an intermediate substrate 33 made of glass or resin between the first liquid crystal layer 108a and the second liquid crystal layer 108b.
01 is arranged. Opposing electrodes 1801a and 1801b are formed or arranged on both surfaces of the intermediate substrate 3301. Other configurations are the same as or similar to FIG.
Needless to say, as shown in FIG. 34, it is preferable to form an insulating film 1501 at a place where the electrode or the like of the intermediate substrate 3301 and the liquid crystal layer 108 are in contact with each other. A low dielectric film 1601 or the like may be formed or arranged between the striped electrodes to prevent coupling or the like. The liquid crystal layers 108a and 10a
8b may have different average particle diameters or average pore diameters of the polymer network.
A light modulation layer made of N liquid crystal and organic EL, or a light modulation layer made of PLZT may be used.

In the configuration of FIGS. 33 and 34, the intermediate substrate 330
The thickness of 1 should be less than 1 mm. If the thickness is large, parallax occurs. However, if it is too thin, it is more likely that the display panel will be mechanically damaged when it is manufactured. Therefore, the thickness of the intermediate substrate is preferably set to 0.3 mm or more.

FIG. 35 is an explanatory diagram of a method of manufacturing the display panel of the present invention shown in FIGS. 33 and 34. As shown in FIG. 35A, beads 2802a are scattered between the intermediate substrate 3301 and the array substrate 101, and are held at predetermined intervals. Next, the mixed solution 2803a is injected at a predetermined interval by a vacuum injection method. Thereafter, the mixed liquid crystal is irradiated with ultraviolet light from above,
The resin component of the mixed solution is cured to cause phase separation between the resin component and the liquid crystal component.

Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 35 (b), beads 2802b are scattered between the counter substrate 110 and the intermediate substrate 3301, and are held at a predetermined interval. Next, the mixed solution 2803b is injected at a predetermined interval by a vacuum injection method, and thereafter, the mixed solution 2803b is irradiated from above with the ultraviolet light to the mixed solution 2803b.
803b is phase-separated into a liquid crystal component and a resin component. At this time, the ultraviolet irradiation intensity is set to be higher than that in the case of FIG. The reason is that the average particle diameter or the average pore diameter of the second liquid crystal layer 108b is reduced to improve the display contrast, and the uncured resin is completely cured in the first liquid crystal layer 108a to improve the reliability. That's why.

In FIG. 35, the first liquid crystal layer 108a is formed, and then the second liquid crystal layer 108b is formed. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the first liquid crystal layer 108a and the second liquid crystal layer 108b are formed. 108b may be formed simultaneously. In this case, beads are scattered between the array substrate 101 and the intermediate substrate 3301, and beads are scattered between the intermediate substrate 3301 and the counter substrate 110, so that the array substrate 101 and the intermediate substrate
After the three substrates 01 and 01 are bonded together,
Between the array substrate 101 and the intermediate substrate 3301 and the intermediate substrate 3
A mixed solution may be simultaneously injected between 301 and the counter substrate 110 by a vacuum injection method. After the injection, ultraviolet rays may be irradiated from two directions from above or below the array substrate 101 and from above the counter substrate 110, and the first and second liquid crystal layers 108 may be simultaneously formed by phase separation.

FIG. 36 is a cross-sectional view of a display panel in which the first liquid crystal layer 108a is driven by active matrix driving and the second liquid crystal layer 108b is driven by simple matrix driving. That is, the counter electrode 180 is provided on one surface of the intermediate substrate 3301.
1a is formed, and a stripe-shaped electrode for performing simple matrix driving is formed on the other surface. Further, a stripe-shaped electrode 3601b is also formed on the counter substrate 110 in a direction orthogonal to the stripe-shaped electrode 3601a. This configuration is also applied to FIGS. 18 and 19 without the intermediate substrate 3301. That is, the intermediate substrate 3301 is removed, and the counter electrode 18 is placed between the first liquid crystal layer 108a and the second liquid crystal layer 108b.
This is because 01 may be arranged.

FIG. 37 is a configuration diagram of a display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention. The first liquid crystal layer 108a and the first
And the second liquid crystal layer 108b is sandwiched between the array substrate 101a and the counter electrode 1801.
And the counter electrode 1801. FIG. 38 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the configuration of FIG.

As can be seen from FIG. 38, TFT 106a and T
The FT 106b is connected to different drive circuits (gate drive circuit 302 and source drive circuit 301). Therefore, a voltage can be applied independently to the liquid crystal layers 108a and 108b. As shown in FIG. 39, the counter electrode 1801 and the pixel electrode 1
When all of 07a and 107b are transparent electrodes, the incident light passes through the three electrodes and exits. In addition, as shown in FIG. 40, the counter electrode 1801 is used to
When any one of the electrodes 7b is a transparent electrode and the other is a reflective electrode, the incident light is reflected by the reflective electrode to become outgoing light. Also,
As shown in FIG. 41, when the opposite electrode 1801 is a reflective electrode and the pixel electrodes 107a and 107b are both transparent electrodes, the incident light A is reflected by the opposite electrode 1801 to become reflected light A, and the incident light B is similarly reflected. The light is reflected by the opposite electrode 1801 and becomes reflected light B. The above three configurations can be realized.
These technical ideas are described in FIGS. 18, 25, and 34.
It can be applied also to the display panel and the like.

Here, for the sake of simplicity, description will be made assuming that all three electrodes (the counter electrode 1801 and the pixel electrodes 107a and 107b) are transparent electrodes.

FIG. 43, FIG. 44, and FIG. 45 are explanatory diagrams of the driving method of the display panel of the present invention shown in FIG. First,
Description will be made from the driving method shown in FIG. In FIG. 43A, an output signal (video signal) from the source drive circuit 301a is transmitted through the source signal line 202a and the TFT 106
a to the pixel electrode 107a. The video signal from the source drive circuit 301b is applied to the source signal line 2
02b transmitted through the TFT 106b and the pixel electrode 10
7b. The potential of the counter electrode 1801 is fixed as a common voltage.

When the video signal has a positive polarity and a negative polarity, the common voltage has an intermediate potential, that is, a potential of 0 (V). However, due to the penetration voltage of the TFT 106 and the like, the capacitance between the source signal lines 202 and the like, the voltage is usually slightly negative than 0 (V). Its value is 1.0
(V) to 2.0 (V) in many cases.

In the case of the driving method shown in FIG.
As shown in (a), in the first field (frame), a positive voltage is applied to the pixel electrode 107a, and a negative voltage is applied to the pixel electrode 107b. Therefore, the electric field generated in the liquid crystal layer 108 is in the direction of the arrow.

When voltage is written to the pixel electrode 107, T
The FT 106 is turned off and opened. First
In the second field (frame) next to the field (frame) of FIG.
06 is turned on, and a negative voltage is applied to the pixel electrode 107 a so that an AC voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 108.
A positive voltage is applied to the pixel electrode 107b. Therefore, the electric field to the liquid crystal layer 108 is in the direction of the arrow.

As described above, the electric field directions of the liquid crystal layer 108a and the liquid crystal layer 108b are made to coincide with each other as shown in FIG. 43 (a) (similarly, in FIG. 43 (b)).
The reason why the directions of the electric fields of the liquid crystal layer 108a and the liquid crystal layer 108b coincide with each other as shown in the figure) is to suppress the occurrence of flicker caused by the different direction of the electric field of the liquid crystal layer (including the alignment film and the insulating film). is there. By driving as shown in FIG. 43, flicker is less likely to appear or flicker does not occur.

FIG. 45 is an explanatory diagram of a driving method according to another embodiment of the present invention. Note that the counter electrode 1801 may be considered as a stripe electrode. That is, in FIG. 37, the counter electrode 1801 may be replaced with a stripe electrode.

In FIG. 45A, a counter electrode 1801 (striped electrode) is connected to a drive circuit 4501 that generates a rectangular signal every 1H. The rectangular signal generated by the driving circuit 4501 outputs positive and negative signals centered on the common voltage. For example, signal waveform 11 in FIG.
It is like 01.

Here, for ease of explanation, the rectangular signal is either +2 (V) or -2 (V). The positive polarity video signal output from the source driving circuit 301 is +6.
(V), the description will be made on the assumption that the video signal of the negative polarity is −6 (V).

First, as shown in FIG. 45A, in the first field (frame), the TFTs 106a and 106b connected to a certain gate signal line are closed, and the source driving circuit 3
A video signal from 01a to +6 (V) is written to the pixel electrode 107a. At that time, the driving circuit 4501 outputs −2 (V)
Is output. On the other hand, from the source driving circuit 301b, -6
The video signal (V) is written to the pixel electrode 107b.
Therefore, 6 (V) − (− 2) is applied to the liquid crystal layer 108a.
(V)) = 8 (V). Similarly, the liquid crystal layer 108b also has -6 (V) + (-2 (V)) =-8 (V).
Is applied. With the above, a higher voltage is applied to (can be applied to) the liquid crystal layer 108 in FIG. 45 than in the liquid crystal layer in FIG. Therefore,
The thickness of the liquid crystal layer 108 can be increased, and the display contrast can be improved.

In the first and second fields (frames), -6 (V) is applied to the pixel electrode 107a.
-6 (V) is applied to 7b. At that time, the driving circuit 4
501 outputs -12 (V). By driving as described above, a voltage having an absolute value of 8 (V) is applied to the liquid crystal layer,
In addition, the liquid crystal layer can be AC driven.

Note that in FIG. 43 and FIG.
Voltages of the same amplitude are applied to 07a and 107b. However, the present invention is not limited to this. Needless to say, they may be different. For example, 8 is applied to the pixel electrode 107a.
(V), like applying -4 (V) to the pixel electrode 107b. This is, of course, because if the thicknesses of the liquid crystal layers 108a and 108b are different, the applied voltage at which the liquid crystal layer is in a transmission state is different. Further, it is preferable that the voltage output from the driving circuit 4501 be applied to the rising voltage of the liquid crystal as described in FIG.

FIG. 44 is an explanatory diagram of a driving method according to another embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 44, the display panel driving method is 1F inversion driving in which the polarity is inverted for each field (frame).

The problem of the 1F inversion drive is that the transmittance (luminance) differs between the upper end and the lower end of the display screen in white raster display (ideally, the entire screen has the same transmittance). When scanning in the A scanning direction (forward direction, upper end → lower end of screen) as shown in FIG. 44 (a), the transmittance at the lower end of the screen becomes lower as shown by the solid line in FIG. 44 (b).

On the other hand, when scanning is performed in the B scanning direction (reverse direction, lower end → upper end of the screen) in FIG.
As shown by the dotted line in FIG.

If the transmittance (luminance) differs between the upper part and the lower part of the screen, the image quality deteriorates, which is not preferable. Therefore, FIG.
The gate driving circuit 302a of the 8 G from the gate signal line G ₁₁
Scanned in _1m direction, the gate driver circuit 302b scans from the gate signal line G _2m in the G ₂₁ direction. That is, the gate drive circuit 302a generates the transmittance distribution indicated by the solid line in FIG. 44B, and the gate drive circuit 302b generates the transmittance distribution indicated by the dotted line in FIG. Therefore, the display state is obtained by averaging the solid line and the dotted line (indicated by the one-point diagonal line in FIG. 44B), and the uniformity of the screen can be realized.

The array substrate 101a is scanned in the scanning direction A (images are sequentially written in row units), and the array substrate 101b is scanned.
By scanning in the B scanning direction, it is possible to prevent or suppress a luminance gradient due to vertical driving of the screen, which is generated by 1F inversion driving or the like. Note that the luminance gradient also occurs when the charge retention of the pixel 107 is poor. Also in this case, the luminance gradient can be corrected.

There is also a method in which the image data A written on the array substrate 101a when scanning in the A scanning direction is different from the image data B written on the array substrate 101b when scanning in the B scanning direction. For example, when the gradation characteristic of the drive circuit 301 of the liquid crystal display panel is poor (for example, when only 64 gradations of 6 bits can be output), 64 gradation display is realized by the drive circuit 301a.
If 64 gradations are displayed by the drive circuit 301b, the liquid crystal display panel can realize twice (64 + 64 =) 128 gradations.

In the above embodiment, the driving method takes the scanning method of the gate drive circuit 302 into consideration. In addition, there is a method in which the scanning directions of the source drive circuits 301a and 301b are considered. This is the case, for example, when the display panel is driven in a dot-sequential manner. Point-sequential driving is a method of latching for each video signal output to each source signal line. Most liquid crystal display panels manufactured by the current high-temperature polysilicon technology use this method. In this case, a luminance gradient (transmittance distribution) may occur on the left and right sides of the display screen.

For example, when scanning is performed in the C scanning direction in FIG.
The writing time to the pixel row is long, and the pixel row at the right end is short. This is because, when scanning to the right end, an ON voltage is applied to the gate signal line of the next pixel row after a short time from the blanking period, and an OFF voltage is applied to the current pixel row.

When the time constant of the source signal line is large or the like, the writing time of the rightmost pixel column becomes shorter than normal, and the transmittance becomes lower than the leftmost one. Therefore, a distribution of transmittance is generated from the left end to the right end.

If the source drive circuit 301a of the array substrate 101a is scanned in the C scanning direction and the source drive circuit 301b of the array substrate 101b is scanned in the D direction for this measure, the transmittance distribution is averaged and suppressed. be able to.

The above is a method of changing the scanning direction of the array substrates 101a and 101b, but naturally excludes scanning of the source drive circuit 301a in the C scanning direction and scanning of the source drive circuit 301b in the E scanning direction. is not. This is the same for the gate drive circuit 302. In addition, a method of shifting the start time of the C scan and the start time of the E scan is also effective. At the same time, vertical stitches may be displayed on the screen. By shifting the scanning time, the generation of the vertical streaks can be suppressed. This also applies to the gate drive circuits 302a and 302b. In this case, it is not the effect of suppressing the vertical streaks, but the image quality is often improved.

The above is a technical idea that can be naturally applied to not only a panel manufactured by high-temperature polysilicon and low-temperature polysilicon technology but also a display panel manufactured by amorphous silicon technology. Further, the present invention is a technical idea applicable to a dot matrix type display panel such as a display panel using PLZT for a light modulation layer and a display panel using an organic EL.

Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing the display panel shown in FIG. 37 and the like will be described. FIG. 42 is an explanatory diagram of the manufacturing method. Hereinafter, the manufacturing method of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

First, as shown in FIG. 42A, a mixed solution 2 containing black beads 2802 is placed on an array substrate 101a.
803a is applied. Next, as shown in FIG. 42 (b), release means 28 such as a film is placed on the mixed solution 2803a.
Put on 01. Note that the mixed solution 2803a may be applied by a dropping method, a spinner, or a roll quarter.

After the application shown in FIG.
It is effective to apply ultrasonic waves to the array substrate 101 in the state shown in FIG. The mixed solution 2803a becomes uniform in film thickness by ultrasonic waves. It is needless to say that the release means 2801 is not required when the effect is uniform without covering the release means.

[0246] As shown in FIG.
After pressing from above to make the liquid crystal layer uniform, the liquid crystal layer 2803a is phase-separated by irradiation with ultraviolet rays. Thereafter, when the release means 2801 is peeled off, the result is as shown in FIG. Note that the thickness of the liquid crystal layers 108a and 108b may be changed. The change can be changed depending on the bead diameter or the like. Further, the average particle size and the average pore size of the liquid crystal layers 108a and 108b may be changed, and one of the liquid crystal layers may contain a guest-host liquid crystal. One resin or the like may be colored.

The above method is also applied to the array substrate 101b. That is, the liquid crystal layer 108a is formed on the array substrate 101a.
Is formed, and a liquid crystal layer 108b is formed on the array substrate 101b. Further, a counter electrode 1801 or a stripe electrode is formed on at least one of the liquid crystal layer 108a of the array substrate 101a and the liquid crystal layer 108b of the array substrate 101b.

Next, as shown in FIG.
A photocurable resin 4201 is applied between 08a and 108b.
The coating may be performed by using a spinner or a roll quarter, or by a dropping method. It is preferable to use the same or similar photocurable resin as that used for the mixed solution 2803. This is because the adhesiveness is improved. Further, the shrinkage ratio to heat becomes the same. After that, the array substrates 101a and 101b are bonded to each other and irradiated with ultraviolet rays to complete the panel.

The photo-curing resin 4201 may be a thermosetting resin. In this case, heating and curing may be performed instead of ultraviolet irradiation. In addition, an epoxy resin, a silicone adhesive, a silicone gel, an epoxy adhesive, or the like may be used, and a thermoplastic resin or an adhesive may be used. Further, without using the adhesive resin 4201, the liquid crystal layers 108a and 1
08b may be in close contact with the liquid crystal layer to remove air. This can be easily realized by bringing the liquid crystal layers 108a and 108b into close contact with each other, placing the liquid crystal layers in a vacuum chamber, completely evacuating the air between the two liquid crystal layers, and then applying a sealing resin around the liquid crystal layers. .

In FIG. 37, the pixel electrode 108b is disposed at a position facing the pixel electrode 108a. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the pixel position may be shifted as shown in FIG. . For example, array substrate 1
01a and 101b may be arranged or formed with a shift of about a half pixel pitch.

As described above, by disposing the pixels at shifted pixel pitches, the resolution of the display screen can be improved. This is because the apparent number of pixels in the horizontal or vertical direction is doubled. Of course, in this case, the video signals supplied to the source drive circuits 301a and 301b need to be shifted by half a dot.

FIG. 37 shows a structure in which a counter electrode 1801 is formed between the liquid crystal layers 108a and 108b. The counter electrode 1801 may be removed to obtain the configuration shown in FIG. FIG. 48 shows an equivalent circuit diagram thereof. By setting the polarities of signals applied to the pixel electrodes 107a and 107b to opposite polarities, a large voltage can be applied to the liquid crystal layer 108. Of course, the effect of doubling the gradation display described above can also be realized.

The liquid crystal layer 108 is made of TN in addition to PD liquid crystal.
Other liquid crystal layers such as liquid crystal, STN liquid crystal, and ferroelectric liquid crystal may be used, and PLZT, EL, and organic EL may be used.
For example, in the case of a TN liquid crystal, an alignment film 4901 may be formed on a surface in contact with the liquid crystal layer 108 as illustrated in FIG. Also, PLZT is a solid, and EL is a solid formed by mixing a substance for electroluminescence with an insulating substance having a high dielectric constant to form a thin film. Therefore, it is clear that the configuration of the display panel of the present invention disclosed in this specification can be easily realized. Therefore, the display panel of the present invention and the display device using the same do not limit the light modulation layer to the PD liquid crystal. Further, in the embodiments of the present invention, the active matrix type display panel in which the switching elements for facilitating the description are arranged or formed in a matrix is described, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a simple matrix display panel having pixels at intersections of striped electrodes is also within the scope of the present invention because the pixels are arranged in a matrix. In addition, since the configuration of the present invention can be applied to an optical writing type display panel, a thermal writing type display panel, and a laser writing type display panel, it is clearly within the technical idea (technical range) of the present invention. It is. This applies to the display panels and display devices described so far,
The present invention is applied to a display panel and a display device described below.

Further, as shown in FIG. 50, there may be employed a configuration in which the counter electrode 1801 is not provided and two types of liquid crystal layers 108a and 108b are formed between the array substrates 101a and 101b. For example, the liquid crystal layer 108a differs from the liquid crystal layer 108b in that the average particle size of the water-droplet liquid crystal and the average pore size of the polymer network are different from each other; And the other is T
A configuration in which the liquid crystal is an N liquid crystal is exemplified.

By making the light changing layers 108a and 108b different, light in a wide band can be satisfactorily modulated, and the display contrast can be improved.

In FIG. 51, a micro lens 5102 and the like are formed or arranged on the substrate 101 and the like. The array substrate 101 is a micro lens array 5101. The micro lens 5102b of the array substrate 5101b collects the incident light, and the micro lens 51 of the array substrate 5101a.
02a and exits from the array substrate 5101a.

Since the TFTs, signal lines, and the like are formed on the array substrate, the aperture ratio of the pixels decreases. Micro lens 5
If there is no 102, the incident light 11 that has entered a place that is not an aperture
705 is absorbed or reflected. However, if the micro lens 5102 is arranged, the incident light 11705
Is condensed by the microlens 5102b, the condensed light passes through the opening of the pixel electrode 107, and is converted again into parallel light by the microlens 5102a.

In particular, when a PD liquid crystal display panel is used as a light valve of a projection display device, the spread of incident light is extremely small, from F5 to F10. That is, it is close to parallel light. Therefore, there is a feature that the light is easily collected by the micro lens and the collected light is easily returned to the parallel light again.

The difference between the refractive index of the microlens 5102 and the refractive index of the microlens array is preferably within 0.2. More preferably, it is within 0.15. The refractive index of the array is 1.
Since it is 50 to 1.55, the refractive index of the microlens is preferably within 1.60 to 1.65. If the difference between the refractive indices is too large, the light collection angle of the microlens is too large, and conversely, the light collection efficiency decreases. This is a micro lens 5102
This is because the thickness of the array substrate (5101, 101) is as thick as about 1 mm as compared with the diameter of 50 μm to 200 μm.

In FIG. 51, the microlens 5102 is illustrated as if it was formed by a permeation method by ion exchange. However, the present invention is not limited to this. The microlens 5102 may be formed in a convex shape using a stamper.

The structure for condensing light and improving the light utilization factor is as follows.
The configuration of FIG. 117 is also conceivable. In the configuration of FIG. 117, a light guide plate 11701 is bonded to the surface of a panel with an adhesive layer 11703. However, the adhesive layer 11703 is used for the light guide plate 11.
This is not necessary if the positional relationship between the 701 and the array substrate 101 can be fixed (for example, mechanically). Adhesive layer 1
As 1703, a silicon gel, a silicone adhesive, an epoxy adhesive, a UV curable resin, an adhesive, a thermoplastic resin, and the like are exemplified. The adhesive is applied to the light guide plate 11701 and the array substrate 101.
Is selected in consideration of thermal stress and expansion ratio.

The light guide plate 11701 has a reflector 117 on its surface.
02 is formed. Al is desirable as the material of the reflection plate 11702, and other materials such as Au, Ag, Ti, and Cr can also be used. Since the surface of Al, Ag and the like is easily oxidized, it is desirable to form a protective film such as SiO _{2 on} the surface.

The reflective film 11702 is exemplified by a method of vapor deposition such as sputtering, and a method of forming the film by electrolytic plating or electroless plating. The light guide plate is cost and workable,
It is preferably formed from a resin such as acrylic, polycarbonate, engineer plastic, or PVA. These resins can easily form holes for guiding light by a molding technique using a mold. The hole for the light guide is the opening 1 on the incident side.
1704b is made larger, and the emission side opening 11704a is made narrower. The opening 11704a is larger than or equal to the pixel electrode 107.

[0264] A reflection film 11702 is formed on the surface of the substrate on which holes have been formed by light guide. The simplest method is to form by an electroless plating technique. However, it is difficult to peel. The reflective film is preferably formed also on the interface 11706.

FIG. 118 shows the opening 1 of the light guide plate 11701.
It is the top view seen from 1704b side. Opening 11704
Let a be the size of the pixel electrode 107. The opening 11704b in FIG. 118 is square, but the opening 11704b may be circular as shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 117, the incident light 11705 is reflected by the reflection film 11702 and becomes the reflected light 11705a, and passes through the pixel electrode 107. That is, the light is effective for display. If there is no reflective film 11702, the incident light 11705 becomes light 11705b, is incident on the TFT 106, is absorbed or reflected, and does not pass through the pixel electrode 107. Therefore, the light use efficiency decreases.

As described above, light is condensed from the opening 11704b toward the opening 11704a, and
It is led to. Therefore, light use efficiency can be increased.

Although the reflecting surface 11706b in FIG. 117 has a triangular pyramid shape, the reflecting surface 11706b may have an arc shape as shown in FIG. Further, the light guide plate 11701 itself may be formed of a reflective material. For example, forming an opening 11704 in an Al plate is exemplified. A configuration in which the opening 11704 is filled with a transparent resin or the like is also exemplified. The resin 12402 and the like are exemplified by silicone gel, UV curable resin and the like, and may be liquid such as ethylene glycol. In this case, a cover glass or the like may be stacked and sealed on the light incident surface of the light guide plate so that the liquid does not leak.

FIG. 37 shows two array substrates 101a and 1
01b. A configuration using two array substrates may be as shown in FIG. In the configuration shown in FIG. 52, a counter electrode 1801a is formed on the back surface of the array substrate 101b, and a first liquid crystal layer 108a is sandwiched between the counter electrode 1801a and the pixel electrode 107a.
In this configuration, the second liquid crystal layer 108b is held between the pixel electrode 107b and the pixel electrode 107b.

[0270] If the array substrate 101b is thick, parallax occurs, so the thickness must be 0.8 mm or less. However, when the thickness is 0.3 mm or less, handling becomes extremely poor. If a little pressure is applied, it will be lost. In addition, there is a problem that the array substrate is deflected due to the formation of the pixel electrode 107. From the above, the array substrate 1
01b should be 0.3 mm or more and 0.8 mm or less.

As a manufacturing method, a liquid crystal layer 101b is sandwiched between the counter substrate 110 and the array substrate 101b to form a panel. Thereafter, the counter electrode 18 is formed on the back surface of the array substrate 101b.
01a or stripe-shaped electrodes are formed. What is necessary is just to sandwich the liquid crystal layer 108a between the array substrate 101b and the array substrate 101a. Matters related to other light modulation layers have been described before, and thus description thereof is omitted.

In the configuration of FIG. 53, the gate signal lines of the array substrate 101b and the gate signal lines of the array substrate 101a are orthogonal to each other. From the viewpoint of the observer, the array substrate 101a appears to display an image in the left-right direction, and the array substrate 101b appears to display the image in the up-down direction. FIG. 55 shows an equivalent circuit diagram. Drive circuit 301
a and 302a are operating, the drive circuit 301
b and 302b are in the non-operation state, and conversely, the drive circuit 30
When the drive circuits 1b and 302b are operating, the drive circuit 301
a and 302a are set to a non-operation state.

An advantage of the display panel shown in FIG. 53 is that the display can be instantaneously switched between left and right display and up and down display. FIG.
Reference numeral 4 denotes a monitor attached to a video camera or the like, and the display panel of the present invention is used for the monitor. The display screen 401 displays the letter “F”.

FIG. 54 (a) shows the screen when the screen is displayed in a landscape orientation, and FIG. 54 (b) shows the screen when the screen is displayed in a portrait orientation. In video cameras and the like, there are many uses in which the horizontal display and the vertical display shown in FIG.

The display panel of the present invention uses the drive circuits 301b and 302b when the display panel is horizontally long in FIG.
By operating T101b, signals are sequentially written to the pixels to display an image. 54B, the TFT 101a is operated using the drive circuits 301a and 302a, and signals are sequentially written to pixels to display an image. Even if only one video signal is input, by switching the drive circuit to be operated, it is possible to instantaneously respond to landscape display and portrait display.

FIG. 56 is an explanatory diagram of a driving method and a driving circuit. The input video signal is converted into digital data by an A / D conversion circuit 2901, and is inverted in an H direction inversion memory 2902a.
The data is stored in the V direction inversion memory 2902b.

The H-direction inversion memory 2902a is a memory for storing a horizontally long screen, and the V-direction inversion memory 2902b is a memory for storing a vertically long screen. The output of the V-direction inversion memory 2902b is output by SW2 of the switching circuit 5602, input to a polarity inversion circuit (a circuit for creating positive video data and negative video data), and the output is input to the Y drive circuit 302a. . On the other hand, the output of the H-direction inversion memory 2902a is output by the switch SW1 of the switching circuit 5602, similarly input to the polarity inversion circuit, and
Is input to

The video signal is synchronized and separated by a synchronization signal separation 5601 to extract an HD synchronization signal and a VD synchronization signal, and the control circuit 1004 supplies timing signals for the Y drive circuit 302 and the X drive circuit 301 based on the synchronization signal.

As described above, drive circuit 30
When the drive circuits 302a and 301a are operating,
b and 301b are set to a non-operation state. However, this non-operating state has no problem because the light transmittance is high in the NW mode, but it is not suitable for explanation because the light transmittance is low in the NB mode. In the NB mode, the screen is displayed in white raster. That is, the direction is set to increase the light transmittance. Therefore, the non-operating state means that the light transmittance of the liquid crystal layer is increased without displaying an image.

FIG. 57 is a sectional view of a display panel of the present invention in another embodiment of the present invention. Pixel electrode 107
The first liquid crystal layer 108 a is sandwiched between the pixel electrode 107 and the common electrode 5701, and the second liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between the pixel electrode 107 and the counter electrode (or stripe electrode) 1801. TF
A light shielding film 109 is formed on T106 to prevent the occurrence of photocons. Needless to say, the composition and configuration of the liquid crystal layers 108a and 108b may be changed.

FIG. 59 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the display panel of FIG. As can be seen from FIG. 59, the liquid crystal layers 108a and 108b are arranged using the pixel electrode 107 as a common electrode. Note that the pixel electrode 107 is connected by a TFT at the connection portion 5702.
106 is connected to the drain terminal.

FIG. 58 is a plan view of the array substrate 101. FIG. However, the pixel electrode 107 is shown removed for easy understanding. The common electrode 5701 is an electrode common to all the pixels 107. Originally, it is preferable to make connection for each of the upper, lower, left, and right common electrodes and pixel electrodes, but it is often difficult in terms of patterns. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 58, the insulating film 501 has insulation from the source signal line,
Connected in the left-right direction, the common electrode 5701 in the up-down direction at both ends
There are many configurations that make an electrical connection with the system. Similarly, the intersection of the gate signal line 201 and the source signal line 202 is also insulated by the insulating film 501. The counter electrode 1801 is a solid electrode of ITO.

In the case where the liquid crystal layer 108a and the liquid crystal layer 108b are formed of PD liquid crystal, it is preferable that the average particle diameter of the droplet liquid crystal or the average pore diameter of the polymer network be different, and one of the liquid crystals contains a guest-host liquid crystal. Coloring the resin, TN as well as PD liquid crystal
Since liquid crystal or the like may be described above, the description is omitted. In addition, it goes without saying that the contents described in the other embodiments above are applied, such as laminating a dielectric thin film on each electrode to have an anti-reflection effect, and forming an AIR coat on the interface with air. No.

FIG. 60 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a method of driving the display panel of FIG. First, the driving method shown in FIG. In the first field (frame), the source drive circuit 301 outputs a video signal of positive polarity, and the video signal is supplied to the source signal line 202 and the TFT 1
06 and is written to the pixel electrode 107. On the other hand, the counter electrode 1801 and the common electrode 5701 are connected to a common voltage.

When a video signal of positive polarity is written to the pixel electrode 107, an electric field shown by a solid line is generated in the liquid crystal layers 108a and 108b.

The second field following the first field (frame)
In the field (frame), the drive circuit 301 outputs a video signal of negative polarity, and the video signal
7 is written. Therefore, the liquid crystal layers 108a,
An electric field indicated by a dotted line is generated in 8b. As described above, voltages having different signal polarities are written to the pixels for each field (frame), and the liquid crystal layer is driven by AC.

The counter electrode 1801 and the common electrode 570
By replacing 1 with a striped electrode (the common electrode 5701 is still a striped electrode even now), a higher voltage can be applied to the liquid crystal layer, so that a high contrast display can be realized.

In FIG. 60B, the common electrode 5701 and the counter electrode 1801 (striped electrode) are connected to the drive circuit 4.
501. The driving circuit 4501 is provided in FIG.
A rectangular waveform as shown in FIG. Here, in order to facilitate the description, the source drive circuit 301 has +6
(V) and −6 (V) are alternately output, and the driving circuit 4501 alternately outputs −2 (V) and +2 (V).

The source drive circuit 301 to the pixel electrode 1
When +6 (V) is written in 07, the driving circuit 4
501 outputs -2 (V). Therefore, the liquid crystal layer 10
A voltage having an absolute value of 8 (V) is applied to 8b and 108a. In the next field (frame), the pixel electrode 107
Is written with -6 (V). At this time, the driving circuit 45
01 outputs +2 (V). Also at this time, the liquid crystal layer 108
A voltage having an absolute value of 8 (V) is applied to a and 108b.

As described above, a high voltage can be easily applied to the liquid crystal layer by changing the potential of the common electrode 5701 and the counter electrode 1801 (striped electrode) every 1 H and applying a voltage to the pixel electrode 107. it can. Therefore, a high contrast display can be realized.

In the above description, the voltage applied to the common electrode 5701 and the voltage applied to the counter electrode 1801 have been described as being the same, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, + -2 (V) is applied to the common electrode 5701 and + -4 (V
(V) may be applied. That is, the voltage value applied to the counter electrode 1801 and the like may be determined in consideration of the rising voltage of the liquid crystal layer. When the liquid crystal layer 108 is relatively thick and the rising voltage is high, a high voltage can be applied to the counter electrode and the like. However, in order to increase the contrast ratio, it is preferable that the applied voltage be equal to or lower than the rising voltage value.
When the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 108 is relatively small, the voltage applied to the counter electrode or the like will be low.

The pixel electrode 107 is not limited to a transparent electrode such as ITO. For example, a reflective electrode made of metal or the like may be used. In the case of a reflective electrode, it is desirable to form the reflective surface with Al or the like. In order to improve the adhesion of Al or the like, Ti, Cr or the like is laminated to improve the adhesion.

Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing the display panel of the present invention shown in FIG. 57 will be sequentially described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 61A, a mixed solution 2803a is applied on the array substrate 101, and a releasing means 2801 (peeling means) holds the mixed solution 2803a. Examples of the coating method include a method using a spinner, a method using a roll quarter, and a method using a dropping method. It is clear that the releasing means 2801 does not need to be used when the coating can be performed uniformly by a spinner or the like.

Next, ultraviolet rays are irradiated from the back surface of the array substrate 101. However, since the liquid crystal component easily absorbs a wavelength of 370 nm to 390 nm and may be deteriorated by the wavelength, ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 370 nm or more should be cut as much as possible. Cutting can be easily performed with a UV (ultraviolet) cut filter.

When ultraviolet rays are irradiated from the back surface of the array, the ultraviolet rays harden the resin component of the mixed solution and phase-separate the crystal component and the resin component. However, the ultraviolet light incident on the portion where the TFT 106 and the gate / source signal line (not shown) are formed is blocked, and is not irradiated on the mixed solution 2803a. Therefore, the resin component of the mixed solution 2803 on the TFT 106 is not cured.

Further, since the common electrode 5701 is made of ITO, it hardly transmits ultraviolet rays. Therefore, FIG.
The irradiation amount of the ultraviolet rays is different from the mixed solution on the common electrode 5701 (shown by B) shown in (b) and the mixed solution on which the common electrode 5701 is not formed (shown by A).

Generally, the average particle size of the water-droplet liquid crystal or the average pore size of the polymer network becomes smaller as the irradiation amount of ultraviolet light per unit time increases. Conversely, the lower the value, the larger the relative value. There is a correlation between the average particle diameter or the average pore diameter and the change in the alignment state depending on the applied voltage. In general, the smaller the value, the more difficult it is to respond to the applied voltage. On the other hand, the smaller the size, the stronger the scattering characteristics. When a PD liquid crystal is used as a light modulation layer of a liquid crystal display panel, it is necessary to make the liquid crystal layer in a transmission state at a voltage of a certain value or less, and at the same time, it is necessary to make the scattering property the highest at a certain value or less. The conditions are set based on the process conditions (intensity of irradiating ultraviolet rays; the temperature of the mixed solution at that time, the content ratio between the liquid crystal component and the resin component, the film thickness of the liquid crystal layer, etc.).

Therefore, the intensity of the ultraviolet rays irradiated in FIG. 61A is such that the liquid crystal layer on the common electrode 5701 (range B) has the highest scattering characteristics in the range of the applied voltage that is possible. On the other hand, since the liquid crystal layer on A is irradiated with an ultraviolet ray stronger than an appropriate value, the average particle diameter of the liquid droplet liquid crystal or the average pore diameter of the polymer network becomes smaller than the appropriate value. But this is fortunate. Since the liquid crystal layer in the range A is not a range effective for image display, it is not desired that the alignment state is changed by the voltage applied to the pixel electrode 107 or the common electrode 5701. If the average particle diameter or the average pore diameter is small, it is difficult to change the alignment state, and a black display portion is constantly formed.

After irradiation with ultraviolet rays, the uncured mixed solution 280
Wash off 3 Washing is performed using pure ice, alcohols, or the like. By this washing, the mixed solution on the drain terminal and the like of the TFT 106 is washed away. Next, the pixel electrode 107 is formed over the liquid crystal layer 108a. The method of forming the pixel electrode 107 is easy. This is because a process of forming ITO or the like on a color filter, which is a resin, has been frequently performed. Simultaneously with the formation of the pixel electrode 108a, the TFT 10
No. 6 is connected to the pixel electrode 107.

If the liquid crystal layer 108a is thick, the pixel electrode 1
In some cases, a step is generated between the drain electrode 07 and the drain terminal of the TFT 106, and the step is broken. In order to prevent this, a metal or a conductive material such as a conductive paste may be previously laminated on the drain terminal, and the pixel electrode 107 may be formed thereon.

In order to form a dielectric thin film on the front surface or the rear surface of the pixel electrode and form an anti-reflection structure as shown in FIG. 20, the following method may be used. In the state of FIG. 61B, a dielectric thin film having a predetermined optical thickness is formed. Then, TF
In order to remove the dielectric thin film on the drain terminal of T106, a resist is applied and patterning is performed. After that, the pixel electrode 107 is formed. The dielectric thin film also has the effect of improving the degree of adhesion between the pixel electrode 107 and the liquid crystal layer 108a. When this effect is mainly used, it goes without saying that the dielectric thin film does not need to have a predetermined optical thickness. In the case where the antireflection structure has a three-layer structure, a second dielectric thin film may be formed on the pixel electrode 107 shown in FIG.

Next, the mixed solution 2803b is held between the pixel electrode 107 and the opposing substrate 110 on which the opposing electrode 1801 (or stripe-shaped electrode) is formed. The method may be either a vacuum injection method or a dropping method. After that, ultraviolet light is irradiated from the counter substrate 110 side. Counter substrate 110
No light shielding material is formed on the opposite electrode 1801. Therefore, the mixed liquid crystal 2803b is uniformly irradiated with ultraviolet rays. Therefore, the average particle diameter or the average pore diameter becomes extremely uniform.

When ultraviolet rays are irradiated from the array substrate 101 side, the liquid crystal layer 2803b is not homogeneous because it is shielded by the TFT 106 or the like. However, in order to completely cure the uncured resin component of the liquid crystal layer, it is preferable to irradiate ultraviolet rays from the counter substrate 110 side and then irradiate ultraviolet rays also from the array substrate 101 side. This is because if there is an uncured resin component, the liquid crystal layer changes over time, the TV characteristics change little by little, and the white balance shifts.

The display panel shown in FIGS. 1, 18, and 59 has a configuration in which the gate signal lines 201 and the source signal lines 201 are orthogonal to each other. However, if the gate signal line and the source signal line are orthogonal, it is necessary to form the insulating film 501 at the intersection. The intersection serves as a capacitor and increases the time constant of the source signal line. Further, if a hole is formed in the insulating film at the intersection, a cross shoot occurs, and the array substrate (display panel) becomes a defective product.

FIG. 62 is an explanatory diagram of a display panel of the present invention which solves the above-mentioned problem. FIG. 62 shows an array substrate 101.
FIG. However, as in FIG. 58, the pixel electrode 107 has been removed. As is clear from FIG. 62, the source signal line 202 and the gate signal line 201 are formed in parallel. The common electrode 5701 is also formed in parallel with the signal line. Note that the common electrode 5701 may be formed in a direction perpendicular to the gate / source signal line. In this case, it is needless to say that an insulating film 501 needs to be formed at a position where the signal line and the common electrode 5701 overlap.

FIG. 63 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the display panel of FIG. Note that for convenience of expression, the common electrode 5701 is drawn so as to be orthogonal to the gate signal line 201 and the like.

FIGS. 64 and 65 are sectional views when a display panel is formed using the array substrate shown in FIG.
FIG. 64 is a cross-sectional view orthogonal to the signal lines and at a portion of the TFT 106, and FIG. 65 is a cross-sectional view orthogonal to the signal lines and at a portion without the TFT. As shown in FIG. 65, it is preferable to form a low dielectric film 109 on the signal line. Normally, the off-voltage is applied to the gate signal line 201 for most of the time, and the potential is fixed. Therefore, a horizontal electric field (DC voltage) is applied between the source signal line 202 and the gate signal line 201, and abnormal alignment of the liquid crystal layer 108 is easily generated. When the low dielectric film 109 is formed as shown in FIG. 65 and a light shielding material such as carbon is contained in the film 109, light leakage does not occur between the gate signal line 201 and the source signal line 202 or the like. ,
Good display contrast can be realized.

FIG. 66 is a configuration diagram in which an additional capacitance (additional capacitor) is formed between the drain terminal 502 and the common electrode 5701. FIG. 67 is a sectional view taken along line CC ′ in FIG. It can be seen that the insulating film 501 is formed between the common electrode 5701 and the drain terminal 502 to form an additional capacitance. FIG. 68 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the display panel shown in FIG.

In the display panels shown in FIGS. 57 and 64, the pixel electrode 107 is formed between the liquid crystal layers 108a and 108b, and the pixel electrode 107, the counter electrode 1801, and the common electrode 570 are formed.
An electric field was generated between the two to perform light modulation. In comparison, the display panel shown in FIG. 69 has two pixel electrodes 107a and 107b and two TFTs 106a and 106a.
b and a counter electrode 1801 (or a striped electrode).

The pixel electrode 107a is connected to the TFT 106a, and the pixel electrode 106b is connected to the pixel electrode 107b. The liquid crystal layer 108b is modulated by an electric field applied between the pixel electrode 107b and the counter electrode 1801. Also,
The liquid crystal layer 108a is modulated by an electric field applied between the pixel electrodes 107a and 107b. Film thickness of liquid crystal layer 108b:
The thickness of the liquid crystal layer 108a is set to be approximately 1: 2.

[0311] The driving method is such that the polarity of the signal applied to the pixel electrode 107a is opposite to the polarity of the signal applied to the pixel electrode 107b. For example, when +6 (V) is applied to the pixel electrode 107a, -6 (V) is applied to the pixel electrode 107b. Therefore, a voltage of +6-(-6) = 12 (V) is applied to the liquid crystal layer 108. At that time, 6-0 = 6 (V) is applied to the liquid crystal layer 108b.
Is applied. That is, the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 108a: the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 108b = 2: 1. Therefore, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 108a is
The thickness is twice as large as that of b. Note that this is the case where the compositions and configurations of the liquid crystal layers 108a and 108b are the same, and this is not the case if they are different.

In the display panel of FIG. 69, the display contrast can be improved as much as the PD liquid crystal film thickness can be increased, and a high-quality image can be displayed.

FIG. 70 shows the common electrode 5701 and the counter electrode 1
801 are connected to each other through a connection hole 5702b. The common electrode 5701 is connected to the counter electrode 1801 for each pixel. The other points are the same as those of the display panel shown in FIG. 57, and the description is omitted. With the configuration shown in FIG. 70, power can be supplied to both the counter electrode 1801 and the common electrode 5701 at both times. Further, since the common electrode 5701 is supplied from the low-impedance counter electrode 1801 to the common electrode 5701 for each pixel, the potential of the common electrode of all pixels becomes the same, and high-quality display can be realized.

FIG. 71 is a development of the configuration shown in FIGS. 57, 64, 70 and the like. The pixel electrode of the TFT 106 is disposed between the first liquid crystal layer 108a and the second
Is formed between the liquid crystal layer 108d and the third liquid crystal layer 108c, and the opposite electrode 1801a is formed between the protective film 103 and the fourth liquid crystal layer 108c.
d, the counter electrode 1801b is arranged between the second liquid crystal layer 108b and the third liquid crystal layer 108c, and the first counter electrode 1801a and the second counter electrode 1801b
It is electrically connected at 702b. Similarly, the second pixel electrode 107b and the first pixel electrode 107a are connected to the connection portion 570.
It is electrically connected by 2a.

Since the display panel shown in FIG. 71 has four liquid crystal layers 108, the display contrast is extremely high. Therefore, high-quality image display can be realized.

FIG. 72 is an explanatory diagram of a display device using the panel of the present invention. The display panel 7201 may be any of the display panels of the present invention.

In FIG. 72, a rod-shaped fluorescent tube 7205 is arranged at the end of the light guide plate 7204. The periphery of the fluorescent tube is surrounded by a reflection sheet 7206. Reflective sheet 72
As 06, Silver Lux, Ag vapor-deposited sheet, Al sheet, etc. of 3M Company are exemplified. The diameter d ₁ of the fluorescent tube 7205 is d ₁ : d ₂ = 1, and the thickness d _{2 of the} light guide plate 7204 is d ₁ : d ₂ = 1.
1.2 to 1.8. Most preferably, d ₁ is d ₂ × (2
/ 3) It is good to be around. The diameter d _{1 of the} fluorescent tube is 2.
It is good to use the thing of 5 mm-4.0 mm.

[0318] Light emitted from the fluorescent tube 7205 is reflected and transmitted through the light guide plate 7204. A diffusing agent (not shown) is suitably applied to the surface of the light guide plate. Light incident on the diffusing agent is scattered and incident on the prism sheet 7203.

[0319] The prism sheet 7203 is a plate having triangular irregularities formed on the surface, and the light incident on the prism sheet is converted into light with narrow directivity. Usually, two prism sheets 7203 are often used in an overlapping manner.

[0320] Light emitted from the prism sheet enters the polarizing plate 7202a and becomes polarized light, and the polarized light enters the display panel 7201 of the present invention. The display panel of the present invention may be any of the display panels described above. A polarizing plate 7202b is provided on the emission side of the display panel 7201.

The polarizing plate 7202a and the polarizing plate 7202b are preferably arranged so as to have a crossed Nicols relationship in the case of a direct-view type display panel as shown in FIG. This is because the viewing angle increases. However, when used in a projection display device, it is preferable to arrange them in a parallel Nicol relationship. This is to increase the screen brightness. Note that the polarizing plate 7202 is arranged or formed before and after the display panel of the present invention (incidence side and emission side). This is to increase display contrast. It is not necessary to arrange a polarizing plate. This is the same for the projection type display device.

The display device shown in FIG. 72 is configured to observe a display image from the direction A. In addition, a method of using an array substrate as a light guide plate as shown in FIG. 73 is also conceivable. The liquid crystal layer 108a is held between the light guide plate 101a and the counter substrate 110a, and the liquid crystal layer 108b is held between the light guide plate 101a and the counter substrate 110b. The display image can be viewed from the A direction and the B direction. The opposing substrate may be a light guide plate. Opposing electrodes 1801 (or stripe-shaped electrodes) are formed on both surfaces of the light guide plate, and the liquid crystal layer 10 is disposed between the opposing electrodes and the first array substrate.
8a is sandwiched, and the liquid crystal layer 108b is sandwiched between the other counter electrode and the second array substrate. In this case,
Since only the counter electrode needs to be formed on the light guide plate, the display device can be easily configured. Although the light guide plate is a counter electrode substrate or an array substrate, the present invention is not limited to this.
It goes without saying that the first opposing substrate (array substrate) may be attached (or arranged) to the light guide plate 7204 and the second opposing substrate (array substrate) may be attached (or arranged) to the other surface. . In this case, a polarizing plate (polarizing film) 72 is provided between the light guide plate 7204 and the opposing substrate (array substrate).
02 can be arranged, and preferable display contrast can be increased.

FIGS. 75 and 76 are views showing the structure of a display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention. At least one of the light entrance surface and the light exit surface 7406 from the display panel 7401 of the present invention described above is transparent with an AIR coat (not shown) in order to minimize the generation of reflected light. The member 7403 (transparent substrate) is
Paste through 401. Examples of the material of the optical coupling layer 7401 include ethylene glycol, epoxy resin, silicone resin, silicone adhesive, acrylic adhesive, epoxy adhesive and the like. These have a refractive index of 1.40 to 1.5.
This is because it is 0 or more, which is close to the refractive index of 1.52 of the glass substrate 101 made of soda glass or the like, so that unnecessary reflected light hardly occurs at the interface.

It should be noted that when the transparent substrate 7403 and the array substrate 101 are attached with the optical coupling layer 7401,
The purpose is to prevent air from entering the optical coupling layer 7401. When air is mixed in and an air layer is formed, an image quality abnormality occurs due to the difference in the refractive index. Abnormal image quality in the case of a projection display device means that incident light is refracted, and that portion becomes black on the screen. In order to prevent entry of air, the transparent substrate 7403 and the display panel 7201 may be placed in a vacuum chamber, and a resin to be the optical coupling layer 7401 may be injected between the transparent substrate 7403 and the display panel 7201 by a vacuum injection method. This is the same as injecting liquid crystal into the gap of the liquid crystal display panel. In addition, as described above, the optical coupling layer 7
Optical coupling (OC) or optical coupling (OC) is used to optically couple the reflected light by using the optical element 401 or the like.

If there is no transparent member 7403, the light scattered by the liquid crystal layer 108 is not reflected on the array substrate 101 or the counter substrate 1
The light is reflected at the interface between 10 and air, becomes reflected light, and is scattered back to the liquid crystal layer 108 again. This is called secondary scattered light.
The secondary scattered light greatly reduces the display contrast of the PD liquid crystal display panel.

In order to prevent the generation of the secondary scattered light, as shown in FIGS. 75 and 76, a transparent member 7403 (a transparent substrate, a lens such as a concave lens, etc.) is attached to at least one of the opposing substrate 110 and the array substrate 101. Attach. The transparent member 7403 is optically coupled by the optical coupling layer 7401 so as to minimize reflected light.

[0327] Light 7404 scattered by the liquid crystal layer 108 is reflected at the interface 7406 of the transparent member 7403, and reflected light 7405.
Becomes The reflected light 7405 is incident on a region of the transparent member 7403 through which light effective for image display does not pass (hereinafter referred to as an invalid region), for example, a light absorbing film 7402 formed on a side surface and is absorbed. Therefore, secondary scattered light is not generated, and the display contrast can be extremely increased.

The light absorbing film 7402 is exemplified by a black paint. In addition, the material of the light shielding film 109 can be used. Further, a structure in which the surface of the invalid area is polished may be used. These should be considered to be included in the concept of the light absorbing film 7402.

FIG. 74 shows the effect of the transparent member 7403.
As shown in FIG. 74A, the panel 7201 is irradiated with parallel rays, and the luminance of the light modulation layer 108 is measured from the emission side.
The luminance B is a luminance measured when the thickness t of the emission side substrate is extremely thin with respect to the diagonal length of the effective display area and the light absorbing film 7402 is not provided. Specifically, d = 50 (mm)
In contrast, the thickness of the emission side substrate is 1 (mm) (t = 1).

In FIG. 74 (b), the vertical axis represents the luminance ratio (Be /
B), and the horizontal axis is the relative substrate thickness (t / d). From FIG. 74 (b), it becomes constant at t / d = 0.3, and t / d <
It can be seen that the ratio of decrease in the luminance ratio (Be / B) is large at 0.3.

[0331] A small luminance ratio indicates a high display contrast. According to FIG. 74 (b), t / d = 0.2
A contrast improvement effect of 5 to 0.3 or more is sufficient,
It can be seen that t / d = 0.15, which is 1/2 of the above t / d, is also in a practical range. Therefore, the refractive index of the substrate n =
At 1.52, t / d is preferably 0.15 or more, and (t / d) is preferably 0.3 or more. Therefore, the relationship between the thickness t of the transparent substrate and the diagonal length d of the panel is expressed by the following (Equation 1).
Should be satisfied.

[0332]

(Equation 1)

The transparent substrate 7403 is not limited to a glass substrate. For example, it may be made of a resin such as acryl or polycarbonate. Also, the transparent substrate 740
By making the concave lens 7403b 3, the substrate thickness can be reduced. Further, if the positive lens 7701 is combined with the concave lens 7403b, the concave lens 7403b
The positive and negative optical power can be eliminated by the positive lens 7701 and the substrate can be regarded as an apparently transparent substrate. FIG. 77 shows an example of these configuration developments.

Hereinafter, the projection display device of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 78 is a configuration diagram of the projection display device of the present invention. Reference numeral 7201 denotes a display panel of the present invention, for example, the display panel shown in FIGS. 37 and 53 in which the counter electrode 1801 is a reflection plate. In FIG. 52, the counter electrode 1801a is a reflection plate. FIG. 57, FIG. 64, FIG.
7, FIG. 70 illustrates an example in which the pixel electrode 107 is a reflective electrode, and FIG. 69 illustrates an example in which the pixel electrode 107b is a reflective electrode.

The light source 7801 has a concave mirror 7801b and a metal halide lamp, a xenon lamp, a halogen lamp and the like serving as light generating means 7801a. A UVIR cut filter 7801 for cutting ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) on the light emission side.
c is arranged. The curvature of the concave mirror 7801b is designed to be an appropriate value in consideration of the arc length of the lamp 7801a and the F value of the projection lens 7806. P as the light modulation layer 108
When a light valve using D liquid crystal is used as a light valve, the concave mirror is preferably formed of an elliptical mirror because the F-number (F number) of the projection lens 7806 is large.

The light radiated from the lamp 7801a is split into P-polarized light and S-polarized light by a light separating surface 7803a of a polarizing beam splitter 7802a (hereinafter, referred to as PBS). Note that light transmitted through the PBS 7802a is P-polarized light, and light reflected on the light separation surface 7803a is S-polarized light.

The P-polarized light is a λ / 2 plate 7901 with a plane of polarization of 90.
Rotated by degrees. A λ / 2 plate is a film or plate that has molecules substantially arranged in one direction by stretching a resin sheet such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polycarbonate, polyvinyl sulfone, or polyester, and having a phase difference. The light emitted from the λ / 2 plate 7901 is
The light is reflected by the light separating surface 7803b of the PBS 7902b and enters the liquid crystal layer 108a of the display panel 7201. Here, the display panel 7201 uses a TN liquid crystal or the like as a light modulation layer. The description will be made on the assumption that the display panel is a polarization type display panel. When PD liquid crystal is used, PBS and display panel 72 are used.
What is necessary is just to arrange | position a polarizing plate between 01.

The light incident from the PBS 7802b is modulated by the liquid crystal layer 108a based on signals applied to each pixel electrode and the like, and is converted into P-polarized light. The P polarized light is PB
The light passes through the light separating surface 7803b of S7802b and is
It is reflected at 805a. The light reflected by the mirror 7805a is enlarged and projected on a screen 7807b by a projection lens 7806b.

On the other hand, the light separating surface 780 of the PBS 7802a
The light reflected by 3c passes through the relay lens 7804, is reflected by the mirror 7805b, and is bent by 90 degrees in the traveling direction. The reason why the relay lens 7804 is arranged is that the path of S-polarized light and the path of P-polarized light to the display panel 7201 are different.

The light reflected by the mirror 7805b is PBS
The light is reflected by the light separating surface 7803c of the 7802c and enters the liquid crystal layer 108b of the display panel 7021. The light is converted into P-polarized light based on a voltage applied to each pixel electrode and the like, and the converted P-polarized light is converted into a light separating surface 7 of the PBS 7802c.
The light passes through the lens 803c, is reflected by the mirror 7805c, and enters the projection lens 7806a. The light incident on the projection lens 7806a is enlarged and projected on the screen 7807a.

The projection lens 7806a is a screen 780
Although the light is projected on the screen 7807b and the projection lens 7806b projects the light on the screen 7807b, the invention is not limited thereto, and the light projected by the projection lenses 7806a and 7806b may be projected on one screen. Needless to say.

Hereinafter, other embodiments of the present invention will be sequentially described. In the following, the display panel of the present invention is also used as a display panel used as a light valve.

FIG. 79 is a configuration diagram of a projection type display device using a transmission type display panel as a light valve.

The light radiated from the light emitting lamp 7801a is filtered by the UVIR cut filter 7801c to the UV light and IR light.
Light is cut off. The light enters the PBS 7802. The light reflected by the light separation surface 7803 of the PBS 7802 is reflected by the mirror 7805a, and after being rotated by 90 degrees by the λ / 2 plate 7901, is emitted from the λ / 2 plate 7901. Further, a polarizing means (polarizing plate or PBS) 7902 is arranged on the incident side of the projection lens 7806, and the polarizing axis (polarizing direction) of the polarizing means 7902 is substantially the same as the polarizing axis (polarizing direction) emitting the λ / 2 plate 7901. Are matched.

The light emitted from the PBS 7802 is converted by the dichroic mirrors (DM) 7903a and 7903b to R,
The light is separated into light paths of three primary colors of G and B, and modulated by a light valve 7201 of the present invention disposed in each light path. The modulated light is a dichroic mirror 7903c
And 7903d, are combined into one optical path, and are enlarged and projected by a projection lens 7806 on a screen (not shown).

As described above, in the projection type display device of the present invention, good display contrast can be realized by using the light valve of the present invention and making polarized light incident on the light valve. Needless to say, practically sufficient display contrast can be realized without the polarizing plate 7902. This is because good scattering characteristics can be obtained if the incident light incident on the light valve 7201 is polarized light.

Hereinafter, specifications common to the projection type display device of the present invention will be described. The following values or value ranges are particularly important for a projection display device using a liquid crystal display device using a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal as a light modulation layer as a light valve.

In the projection display device of the present invention, from the viewpoint of improving the light utilization rate, if the panel effective display size (display area of the panel) is reduced, the F-number of the illumination light needs to be increased. If the panel effective display size d is increased, the F number of the illumination light can be reduced, and as a result, a bright large-screen display can be realized. However, when the panel effective display size increases, the system size of the projection display device increases, which is not preferable. Further, when the panel effective display size is reduced, the luminous flux per unit area incident on the display area of the panel increases, which is not preferable because the panel is heated.

The luminance of the light-emitting body is fixed at 1.2 × 10 ⁸ (nt) in consideration of the lamp life. Also, it is considered that the arc length and the power consumption of the lamp are approximately proportional. The efficiency of the metal halide lamp is 80 (1 m / W).
The total luminous flux of the 50 (W) lamp is 4000 (1 m), 10
The total luminous flux of the 0 (W) lamp is 8000 (1 m), 150
The total luminous flux of the lamp of (W) is 12000 (1 m).
There is a correlation between the arc length of the lamp and the lamp power consumption, and there is a correlation between the arc length and the F number.

In a projection type display device, a screen size of a projected image is 40 inches or more, and a light flux of 300 to 400 (1 m) or more is required in order to obtain a viewing angle and image brightness in a practical range. Therefore, if the light utilization factor of the lamp is about 4%, a lamp of 100 (W) or more must be used.

If the panel effective display size is small, sufficient display luminance cannot be obtained. Assuming that the arc length is 3-4 (mm) and the effective F value of the illumination light is 7, the panel effective display size needs to be about 3.5 inches.
Arc length is about 5 (mm), panel effective display size is 2
If the inch is slightly greater, the effective F value of the illumination light is less than 5. In this case, display luminance is in a practical range, but good display contrast (CR) cannot be expected.

As a result of experiments and studies on the above, the arc length a (mm) and the effective display of the panel (image display range)
It is necessary to satisfy the following relationship with the diagonal length d (inch) of the region. Further, the width k of the arc satisfies the relationship of (Equation 2).

[0353]

(Equation 2)

Note that the diagonal length of the effective display area of the panel must be 5 inches or less from the viewpoint of system size. Further, it must be 1.0 inch or more from the viewpoint of light use efficiency. Above all, in order to obtain a sufficient light condensing efficiency and to make the device compact, it is preferable to use 1.5 inches or more.
Must be 5 inches or less.

The F number of the projection lens, that is, the F number of the projection optical system in a broad sense, must be 5 or more in order to obtain a good contrast (CR). Also, it must be 10 or less in order to obtain sufficient screen brightness.
Further, in consideration of the arc length of the lamp described above, the F number must be 6 or more and 10 or less.

If the divergence angle (F number) of the illumination light does not substantially coincide with the converging angle (F number) of the projection lens, the light utilization rate decreases. This is because the restriction is imposed on the larger F number. The F-number of the illumination light of the projection display device of the present invention and the F-number of the projection lens are made to match.

In the above description, for example, an arc length of a lamp of 5 mm means “substantially 5 mm”. Substantially 5 mm means that the arc length is 8 m
Even if m, the arc length is substantially 5 mm if the projection lens can collect only the light radiated from the vicinity of 5 mm at the center of the arc out of the light radiated from the arc. Similarly, the F number means an effective F number.
Even if the physical F number is 4, if the light passes only near the center of the pupil of the projection lens, the F number is naturally 4 or more.

FIG. 80 is a diagram showing the configuration of a projection type display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
The light emitted from is separated by the PBS 7802 into P-polarized light and S-polarized light. Now, suppose that the light passing through the light separating surface 7803 is P-polarized light and the reflected light is S-polarized light. P-polarized light is R
Only the R light is filtered by the filter 8001a.
a. On the other hand, the S-polarized light has its optical path length adjusted to the liquid crystal display panels 7201a and 7201b adjusted by the relay lens 7804, is reflected by the mirror 7805a, and is
At 001b, only the B light passes through the filter 8001b.
The R light enters the liquid crystal display panel 7201a, and the B light enters the liquid crystal display panel 7201b.

[0359] The light modulated by the liquid crystal display panel 7201 is reflected by a mirror 7805 and enters a reflection type prism 8002. As an example, a reflection type prism is one in which a reflection mirror is formed on an isosceles triangular prism. The light reflected by the prism 8002 is incident on a polarizing plate 7902, and is enlarged and projected on a screen 7807 by a projection lens 7801.

The liquid crystal display panel 7201a modulates red light, and the image is projected on a screen 7807. On the other hand, the liquid crystal display panel 7201b modulates blue light, and the image is projected on a screen 7807. Therefore,
A screen 7807 displays images of two colors, red and blue. If you look at this with a red filter attached to one eye and a blue filter attached to the other, you can see a stereoscopic display. As a matter of course, it is necessary that the video signal input to the liquid crystal display panel 7201a and the video signal input to the liquid crystal display panel 7201b become a stereoscopic image (called 3D) when photographed by a camera or the like.

There is no filter 8001, and a color filter is attached to the liquid crystal display panel 7201, and the λ / 2 plate 7
901 and the polarizing plate 7902 are not provided. At that time, 3D of color display can be observed by putting glasses having different polarization axes on the right and left eyes by 90 degrees.

The above is the embodiment of the projection type display device in which the polarization means is arranged on the incident side or the like in order to make the polarized light incident on the liquid crystal display device 22. However, it goes without saying that a practically sufficient image display can be realized without these polarizing means. Hereinafter, the embodiments will be sequentially described.

FIG. 81 is a configuration diagram of the projection display device of the present invention. 7903a is a dichroic mirror (BDM) that reflects B light, 7903b is a dichroic mirror (GDM) that reflects G light, and 7903c is a dichroic mirror (RDM) that reflects R light. Note that the arrangement of BDM7903a to RDM7903c is not limited to the order shown in FIG. Also, the last RDM
It goes without saying that 7903c may be replaced by a total reflection mirror.

A liquid crystal display panel 7903c for modulating R light
Of the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal display panels 7903a and 7903b that modulate other G and B lights.
08 and is configured to be thicker. The average particle diameter of the liquid crystal droplets or the average pore diameter of the polymer network is changed according to the wavelength of the light to be modulated.
The longer the wavelength of the modulated light, the larger the average particle or average pore size. This is because the longer the wavelength of light, the lower the scattering characteristics and the lower the contrast. This should be applied to the above embodiment and the following. Reference numeral 8103 denotes an aperture as an aperture. Note that the aperture 8103 is illustrated for the purpose of explaining the operation of the projection display device. Aperture 8
103 defines the light collection angle of the projection optical system, and may be considered as being included in the function of the projection optical system. That is, if the F-number of the projection optical system is large, the aperture 8
The hole diameter of 103 can be considered to be small. In order to obtain a high-contrast display, the larger the F-number of the projection optical system, the better. However, as the size increases, the luminance of white display decreases. Specifically, the projection lens 780 does not use an aperture.
The function of the aperture includes the function of the aperture.

FIG. 82 is a perspective view showing FIG. 81 more specifically. Reference numeral 8201 denotes a field lens. However, parts unnecessary for the description, such as the relay lens, are omitted. FIG. 83 shows a configuration of a cabinet 8302 of a projection display device using the projector (optical block) 8301 shown in FIG. A transmissive screen 7807 is arranged on the front upper side of the cabinet 8302, a projector 8301 is arranged on the lower rear side, a plane mirror 501d is arranged on the lower front side, and a plane mirror 7805e is arranged on the rear side of the screen 7807. The cabinet 8302 can be made compact by shortening the projection distance (the optical path length from the projection lens to the center of the screen 7807) and reducing the size of the projector 8301.

Hereinafter, the operation of the projection type display device of the present invention will be described. The R, G, and B light modulation systems have almost the same operation, and therefore the B light modulation system will be described as an example.

[0367] White light is emitted from the light source 7801, and the B light component of this white light is reflected by the BDM7903a. This B light is incident on the liquid crystal display panel 7201a.
The liquid crystal display panel 7201a modulates light by controlling the scattering and transmission state of incident light by a signal applied to each pixel electrode 107.

The scattered light is shielded by the aperture 8103a. Conversely, parallel light or light within a predetermined angle is blocked by the aperture 8103a.
Pass through 103a. The modulated light is projected onto a projection lens 780.
6 is enlarged and projected on a screen 7807. As described above, the B light component of the image is displayed on the screen 7807. Similarly, the liquid crystal display panel 7201b modulates the light of the G light component, and the liquid crystal display panel 7201c modulates the R light.
By modulating the light of the light component, a color image is displayed on the screen 7807.

FIG. 81 shows three liquid crystal display panels 7201.
However, if one liquid crystal display panel having three display areas is used as shown in FIG. 84, the configuration of the projection display device can be simplified.

The liquid crystal display panel of FIG. 84 has three display areas (B, G, R) on one array substrate 101.
That is, there are three display areas in which the pixel electrodes 107 are formed in a matrix. The counter substrate 110 may be divided into three counter substrates as shown in FIG. 84, but may be one counter substrate 110 for three display areas. The gate drive circuits 302 are formed or arranged on the left side (302a) of the display area B and on the right side (302b) of the display area R. The source drive color 301 corresponds to each display area (R, G,
B) are individually formed or arranged.

Gate drive circuit 302a is connected to odd-numbered gate signal lines, and even-numbered gate signal lines are connected to gate drive circuit 302b. By connecting the gate signal lines in this way, it is possible to prevent left-right luminance unevenness of a display image caused by a delay of a signal to the gate signal lines. This occurs because the voltage near the output of the gate drive circuit 302 differs from the voltage at the end of the signal line when viewed at one time due to the resistance of the gate signal line. In the case of FIG. 84, there is a possibility that luminance unevenness occurs in a comb-like manner in the R and B display areas, but it is not visually recognized.

FIG. 85 is a configuration diagram of a projection display device using the liquid crystal display device of FIG. 84 as a light valve. With the above structure, the distance h between the display areas shown in FIG. 84 can be reduced. Therefore, the projector 830
1 can be miniaturized. In addition, since the three display areas can be positioned and adjusted at the same time, focus adjustment and the like can be performed quickly and easily.

FIGS. 81 and 85 show three projection lenses 78.
A method of enlarging and projecting the image on a screen 7807 by using a projection lens 7806 is also available. FIG. 86 shows the configuration diagram.

Here, 7201 is described for ease of explanation.
b, a liquid crystal display panel for displaying an image of G light, 7201a
Is a liquid crystal display panel for displaying an image of R light, and 7201c is a liquid crystal display panel for displaying an image of B light. Therefore, the dichroic mirror 7903a reflects the R light and transmits the G light and the B light with respect to the wavelength transmitted and reflected by each dichroic mirror 7903. The dichroic mirror 7903b reflects G light and transmits B light. The dichroic mirror 7903c transmits the R light and reflects the G light. Further, the dichroic mirror 7903d transmits the R and G lights and reflects the B light.

[0375] Light emitted from the light source 7801a is reflected by the total reflection mirror 7805a to change the direction of the light. The light is a dichroic mirror 7903a, 7
903b separates the optical path into three primary colors of R, G, and B light, the R light to the field lens 8201a, the G light to the field lens 8201b, and the B light to the field lens 8
201c. Each field lens 8201 condenses each light, and the liquid crystal display panel 7201 modulates the light by changing the orientation of the liquid crystal layer 108 according to the video signal. The R, G, and B lights thus modulated are combined by dichroic mirrors 7903c and 7903d, and enlarged and projected on a screen 7807 by a projection lens 7806.

Note that the configuration shown in FIG.
83, the rear projection type display device shown in FIG. 83 can be formed.

There is one problem in the case where the projection type display device having the structure shown in FIG. 86 is formed by using three liquid crystal display panels manufactured by the low temperature or high temperature polysilicon technology. This is because the scanning direction of the source drive circuit 302 or the gate drive circuit 301 of one liquid crystal display device needs to be opposite to that of another liquid crystal display device.

For example, in FIG. 86, the gate drive circuit 30 of the liquid crystal display panel 7201b as shown in FIG.
The scanning direction of one needs to be opposite to the scanning direction of the gate drive circuit 301 of another liquid crystal display device.
This is because the image is vertically inverted by the dichroic mirror (DM) 7903. In order to superimpose the projected images of the three liquid crystal display panels on the screen, it is necessary to invert the image of one liquid crystal display panel. The configuration in FIG. 86 is called a vertical development configuration. On the other hand, in another configuration (horizontal development configuration), the source drive circuit 3 of the liquid crystal display panel 7201b
It is necessary to make the scanning direction of 02 the opposite direction.

However, the polysilicon liquid crystal display panel is
Since it is necessary to form a drive circuit simultaneously with the pixel TFTs on one substrate, it is difficult to form a drive circuit having a horizontally inverted circuit or a vertically inverted circuit whose design is complicated, and if formed, the panel yield is reduced. Further, since the mobility of the transistor is as small as about 100, it is difficult to perform a high clock operation with a complicated circuit configuration.

Therefore, the display panel is not provided with the function of vertically inverting and / or inverting left and right, but is supplied to the display panel 7201b after being vertically or horizontally inverted in a memory in advance. This can be easily realized by using a field (frame) memory or a line memory.

A projection type display device using a reflection type liquid crystal display panel shown in FIG. 87 and the like as a light valve will be described below.

The projection lens 7806 comprises a first lens group 7806b on the liquid crystal display panel side and a second lens group 7806a on the screen side. Is arranged. The scattered light emitted from the pixel at the center of the screen of the liquid crystal display panel 7201 is reflected by the first lens group 7806
After passing through b, about half enters the plane mirror 7805, and the rest enters the second lens group 7806a without entering the plane mirror 7805. The normal of the reflection surface of the plane mirror 7805 is 4 with respect to the optical axis 8702 of the projection lens 7806.
5 ° tilt. The light from the light source 7806 is
Reflected at 805 and transmitted through the first lens group 7806b,
The liquid crystal display panel 7201 enters. LCD panel 72
The reflected light from 01 passes through the first lens group 7806b and the second lens group 7806a in this order and reaches the screen. Light rays that exit from the center of the stop of the projection lens 7806 and travel toward the liquid crystal display panel 7201 enter the liquid crystal layer 108 almost perpendicularly, that is, are telecentric.

For ease of explanation, the panel for modulating R light is a liquid crystal display panel 7201a, the panel for modulating G light is a liquid crystal display panel 7201b, and the panel for modulating B light is a liquid crystal display panel 7201c. It will be described as.

In FIG. 87, dichroic mirror 7
Reference numeral 903 serves both as a color synthesis system and a color separation system. Light source 78
01 is emitted by a plane mirror 7805, and the first group 7806 of the projection lens 7806 is emitted.
b. The band of the UVIR cut filter 7801c has a half value of 430 nm to 690 nm. Since then
When describing the band of light, it is expressed by half value. The dichroic mirror 7903a reflects R light and transmits B light and G light. The R light is band-limited by the dichroic mirror 7903c and enters the liquid crystal display panel 7201a. R
The light band is 600 to 690 nm. On the other hand, dichroic mirror 7903b reflects B light and transmits G light. The B light enters the liquid crystal display panel 7201b, and the R light enters the liquid crystal display panel 7903a. The band of incident B light is 430 nm to 490 nm, and the band of G light is 510 nm to
570 nm. The bands of these lights are the same for the other projection display devices of the present invention. Each liquid crystal display panel 7201 forms an optical image as a change in the scattering state according to each video signal. The optical system formed by each liquid crystal display panel 7201 is color-combined by a dichroic mirror 7903, enters a projection lens 7806, and
807 is enlarged and projected.

Light incident on the liquid crystal display panel 7201 passes through the liquid crystal layer 108 twice, from the counter electrode 1801 to the reflective electrode 107 (incident path) and from the reflective electrode 107 to the counter electrode 1801 (output path). Will be. Therefore, this is apparently equivalent to the case where the liquid crystal film thickness is twice as large as that of the transmission type liquid crystal display panel.
Therefore, the scattering performance is improved as compared with the transmission type liquid crystal display panel, and a high contrast display can be realized.

The dichroic mirror 7903 functions as a filter that reflects (transmits) light of a specific wavelength. For example, the dichroic mirror 7903b reflects light of a specific wavelength when light from the light source 7801 enters the liquid crystal display panel 7201b. Further, the light reflected by the liquid crystal display panel 7201b is
When entering the light 807, light of a specific wavelength is reflected.

[0387] One dichroic mirror 7903 is
Light is reflected twice when the light enters the liquid crystal display panel 7201 and when it is emitted. In the configuration of FIG. 87, the band of the wavelength of light is limited twice by one dichroic mirror 7903. That is, the dichroic mirror 7903 functions as a secondary filter. As compared with the dichroic mirror 7903 of FIG. 86, the cutoff characteristic for band limitation becomes steeper. Therefore, each liquid crystal display panel 720
There is no overlap in the band of light incident on 1. Therefore, color reproducibility is improved, and high-quality image display can be realized.

Further, by using the dichroic mirror 7903 for both the color separation function and the color synthesis function, the system size of the projection display device can be reduced.

In the reflection type projection display device of the present invention shown in FIG. 87, it is necessary to pay attention to the incident direction and the outgoing direction of the light incident on the light separating surface. Specifically, FIG. 87 needs to be as shown in FIG. That is, FIG. 87 is displayed only for ease of illustration and description. In the following, the reason for the configuration shown in FIG. 88 will be described.

In the case of the configuration shown in FIG. 87, the light source 7801
The light emitted from the LCD 7201 illuminates the liquid crystal display panel 7201 with the optical axis 8701a of the light, and the screen 7 reflected by the liquid crystal display panel 7201 via the projection lens 7806.
The optical axis 8701b of the projection light reaching 807 has different angles of incidence on the dichroic mirror 7903.
In general, a dichroic mirror 7903 in which a dielectric multilayer film is deposited on a transparent substrate and which transmits or reflects light in a specific wavelength band is used. This type of dichroic mirror has a characteristic that the spectral performance shifts depending on the incident angle of the light beam, and as shown in FIG.
When a and the optical axis 8701b are incident at different angles, it is difficult to obtain a projected image with a desired color purity because spectral characteristics for color separation and spectral characteristics for color synthesis are different from each other.

In the configuration of the projection type display device shown in FIG. 88, the optical axis 8701a of the illumination light and the optical axis 8701b of the projection light reflected by the liquid crystal display panel 7201 and projected by the projection lens 7806 are combined with the liquid crystal display panel 7201. Can be made symmetrical with respect to a plane including the center normal of the light separation surface of the dichroic mirror or the like. Therefore, the angles of incidence on the light separation surface can be made equal to each other. Therefore, the spectral performance after color separation matches the spectral performance after color synthesis, and the projected image displayed on the screen 7807 can obtain desired color purity.

As is clear from the above, the advantage of the projection type display device shown in FIG. 88 is that the color purity when using the reflection type liquid crystal display panel utilizing natural light and the color uniformity are excellent. The display of the projection image can be easily realized.

Dichroic mirror 7903a, 790
Reference numeral 3b denotes a glass substrate on which a dielectric multilayer film in which low-refractive-index layers and high-refractive-index layers are alternately laminated is deposited, and the color separation / combination surfaces are both liquid crystal display panels 7201a and 7201.
b, 7201 c are arranged at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the light modulation layer 108.

The light emitted from the lamp 7801a sequentially enters the dichroic mirrors 7903a and 7903b via the cold mirror 7805a and the mirror 7805. The light that has entered the dichroic mirrors 7903a and 7903b is separated into three primary color lights of R, G, and B, and enters the corresponding three liquid crystal display panels 7201, and the reflected light enters the dichroic mirrors 7903a and 7903b again. The three primary colors of R, G, and B are combined by dichroic mirrors 7903a and 7903b, transmitted through an aperture stop, and then enlarged and projected on a screen 7807 by a projection lens 7806.

Of the light that has entered the liquid crystal display panel 7201, the light that has entered the scattered pixels and has been reflected as scattered light is the aperture stop of the projection lens 7806 or the inner wall of the lens barrel (not shown). As a result, most of the light is shielded and black display is performed. On the other hand, light that enters a pixel in a non-scattering state and travels after being specularly reflected is an aperture stop of the projection lens 7806,
And a lens group constituting the projection lens 7806,
The screen 7807 is reached as a white display. In this way, the optical image modulated in the scattering mode and the non-scattering mode on the liquid crystal display panel 7201 is displayed on the screen as a projection image.

In the configuration shown in FIG. 88, the optical axis 8701a of the illumination light emitted from the light source 7801 and the liquid crystal display panel 72
Since the plane including the optical axis 8701b of the projection light reflected by 01 is arranged perpendicular to the plane including the center normal of the liquid crystal display panel 7201 and the center normals of the dichroic mirrors 7903a and 7903b. The plane including the optical axes 8701a and 8701b forms an angle of 45 ° with the color separation / combination planes of the dichroic mirrors 7903a and 7903b. Therefore, the dichroic mirrors 7903a, 7903a and 7903 have the same incident angle of 45 ° for both the illumination light and the projection light.
903b.

Dichroic mirrors 7903a, 790
The spectral transmittance of 3b is shown in FIGS. 89 (a) and (b). FIG.
9 (a) shows the spectral transmittance when the light incident angle on the dichroic mirror 7903a is 45 °. The dichroic mirror 7903a reflects R light, G light and B light.
It is a type that transmits light.

According to the configuration of the present embodiment, the spectral performance in the case of color separation and the spectral performance in the case of color synthesis match, so that the spectral performance shown in FIGS. It can be reflected on the projected image.

For comparison, the case of the configuration shown in the conventional example of FIG. 87 will be described below. Optical axis 87 of illumination light
If the liquid crystal display panel 01a is configured to enter the liquid crystal display panel 7201 at 5 °, the optical axis 8701a of the illumination light and the optical axis 8701b of the projection light form an angle of 10 °, and the incident angles of the illumination light to the dichroic mirrors 7903a and 7903b. Is 40
゜, dichroic mirror 7903a, 790 for projected light
The angle of incidence on 3b is 50 °.

FIGS. 90A and 90B show the spectral transmittances when the incident angle is 40 ° and when the incident angle is 50 °. FIG.
90 (a) is a dichroic mirror 7903a, FIG.
(B) shows the spectral transmittance of the dichroic mirror 7903b. The solid line in the figure shows the case where the incident angle of the light beam is 40 °, and the dotted line shows the case where the incident angle of the light beam is 50 °.

From FIGS. 90 (a) and (b), the spectral performance of the illumination light and the spectral performance of the projected light are significantly different due to the wavelength shift depending on the incident angle, and the desired color can be obtained without lowering the light use efficiency. It turns out that it is difficult to obtain purity.

Similarly, the technical idea of considering the angles at which the projection light and the illumination light enter the dichroic mirror 7903 can be applied to other reflection type projection display devices of the present invention. This can be similarly applied even if the dichroic mirror is replaced with a dichroic prism.

FIG. 91 shows a dichroic prism 910.
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a projection display device that performs color separation and color synthesis using No. 1. The dichroic prism 9101 has two light separation surfaces 7803a and 7803b. The light separation surface 7803 separates white light into R, G and B primary color lights. Each liquid crystal display panel 7201 is provided with an optical coupling layer 7401.
Is attached to the dichroic prism 9101 via the. That is, the optical coupling (OＯ) is applied to the dichroic prism 9101 by the optical coupling layer 7401.
C) It is pasted. A light absorbing film 7402 is applied to an invalid area of the prism 9101 (an area through which light effective for image display does not pass).

Referring to FIG. 91, the liquid crystal display device 22c
It is assumed that the light is modulated and the light separating surface 7803a reflects the R light. The incident light is reflected by the light separation surface 7803a and enters the light modulation layer 108a of the liquid crystal display panel 7201a. The light incident on the light modulation layer 108a is scattered according to the magnitude of the voltage applied to the pixel electrode 107. The light that has not been scattered is reflected again by the light separating surface 7803a and becomes emitted light. Most of the scattered light is incident on the light absorbing film 7402 formed in the invalid area of the prism 9101 and is absorbed.
Most of the light scattered by the liquid crystal layer 108 as described above is emitted from the light incident / exit surface 9201 by the light absorbing film 7402 and becomes emitted light, and is not projected by the projection lens 7806. Note that the liquid crystal display panel 7201c,
The operation of the 7201b is the same as that of the liquid crystal display panel 7201a, so that the description is omitted.

The prism 9101 has a liquid crystal display panel 720
Optical coupling 1 and prism 910
The configuration in which the light absorption film 7402 is formed or arranged in one invalid region can be applied to the configuration in FIG.

FIG. 93 shows a configuration in which the liquid crystal display panels 7201a and 7201b are optically coupled to the prism 7101a, and the liquid crystal display panel 7201c is optically coupled to the triangular prism 9101c. Since the dichroic mirror 7903 has a flat shape, it is difficult to position the dichroic mirror 7903 on the housing. The dichroic mirror 7903 slightly touches the screen 3
Optical image displacement of the two light valves 7201 occurs. Further, a change with time (such as a warp) is likely to occur, and a positional shift of an image formed on the three liquid crystal display panels 7201 is likely to occur.
With the configuration shown in FIG. 93, it is stable against changes over time and the adjustment of the image forming position is easy to perform. Note that the effect of absorbing light scattered by the liquid crystal display panel 7201 by the light absorbing film 7402 and eliminating return light to the liquid crystal layer 108 to prevent generation of secondary scattered light is similar to that in FIG. Omitted. In addition, if the liquid crystal display panel 7201 and the prism 9101 are integrally formed (as an optical component), it goes without saying that the adjustment process can be greatly reduced without the need for the liquid crystal display panel 7201 position adjustment mechanism.

The illumination system shown in FIG. 93 and the illumination system shown in FIG. 94 which will be described next are constituted by using a relay lens 8101, and the concave mirror 7801b employs an elliptical mirror. By doing so, the F value of the illumination light can be increased,
The display contrast can be improved.

FIG. 94 shows a configuration in which three liquid crystal display panels 7201 are attached to an L-shaped prism 911. FIG.
As compared with the configuration of No. 4, only one prism is required, the adjustment of the image is easy, and the position adjustment of the liquid crystal display panel 7201 is not required at all. Note that since the formation region of the light absorption film 7402 can be widened, the generation of secondary scattered light is small, and an extremely good display contrast can be realized.

Next, a method for increasing the display contrast while maintaining high luminance display in the projection display device will be described. FIG. 95 shows a first embodiment for realizing the above method. The projection lens 7806 includes a front lens group 9501a and a rear lens group 9501b. Output unit convergent lens 9507 and rear group lens 9501
b functions to make the diaphragm 9506 and the diaphragm 9508 have a conjugate relationship with each other.

[0410] The input portion convergent lens array 9504 is configured by arranging a plurality of input portion convergent lenses 9509 in a two-dimensional manner. FIG. 96 shows an example of the configuration. Ten input part converging lenses 9509 having a rectangular opening are arranged so as to be inscribed in a region of a perfect circle. The ten input portion converging lenses 9509 are plano-convex lenses having the same opening shape, and the ratio of the long side to the short side of the rectangular opening is 4: 3. The liquid crystal display panel is a high-definition television (HDT
V), and 16: 9 in the case of a horizontally long video such as for a wide television (WDTV).

Similarly, the central convergent lens array 9505
Is configured by arranging a plurality of central converging lenses 9510 in a two-dimensional manner. A central portion converging lens 9510 having the same number and the same aperture as the input portion converging lenses 9509 is arranged similarly to the input portion converging lens array 9504.

[0412] The procedure of illumination in the projection display device will be described. Light emitting body 950 of metal halide lamp 7801a
The light radiated from 2 is reflected by the parabolic mirror 7801b, travels approximately parallel to the optical axis 8702, and enters the input section converging lens array 9504. Parabolic mirror 7801b
Since the cross-sectional shape of the light emitted from the input section is generally a circle, the input section converging lens array 9504 is configured so that the total aperture of the input section converging lens 9509 is inscribed therein. Light that has passed through the input unit convergent lens array 9504 is split into the same number of partial light beams as the input unit convergent lens 69509, and each partial light beam illuminates the display area of the PD liquid crystal display panel 7201.

The light having passed through the input portion converging lens 9509 is guided to the corresponding aperture of the central converging lens 9510 and converged. On each opening of the central converging lens 9510, a secondary light emitter, for example, 9511A, 951
1B is formed. FIG. 9 shows an example of a plurality of secondary light emitters 9511 formed on the central convergent lens array 9505.
FIG. The central convergent lenses 9510 each effectively transmit corresponding light onto the display area of the PD liquid crystal display panel 7201. Specifically, an object on the main plane of the corresponding input portion converging lens 9509, for example, 9512
A real image 9503 of A, 9512B is formed near the display area of the PD liquid crystal display panel 7201. However, each central convergent lens 9510 is appropriately decentered, and forms one real image 9503 by superimposing a plurality of images.

According to the above configuration, the display area of the PD liquid crystal display panel 7201 and the respective apertures of the input section converging lens 9509 are in a substantially conjugate relationship with each other. Therefore,
When the opening of the input unit converging lens 9509 has a shape similar to the display area of the PD liquid crystal display panel 7201, the cross section of the illumination light and the shape of the display area can be matched to suppress light loss.

Generally, light emitted from a concave mirror such as a parabolic mirror has relatively large brightness unevenness. The PD liquid crystal display panel 72 transmits the light with large uneven brightness as it is
When 01 is illuminated, the brightness uniformity of the projected image is reduced. When the illumination is performed using only the region having relatively uniform brightness, the unusable light increases, so that the light use efficiency decreases. On the other hand, the projection type display device of the present invention has an advantage that a high light use efficiency can be obtained and a projection image with excellent brightness uniformity can be obtained. The reason is described below.

The input convergent lens array 9504 divides light having large uneven brightness into a plurality of partial light beams. The brightness unevenness of each partial light beam on the opening of the input part converging lens 9509 is smaller than the brightness unevenness of the light beam cross section before division. Each of the central converging lenses 9505 enlarges a partial light beam with less brightness unevenness to an appropriate size and superimposes the partial light beam on the display area of the PD liquid crystal display panel 7201. Therefore,
Illumination with good brightness uniformity can be realized.

Since the sum of the apertures of the input section converging lens 9509 is inscribed in the cross section of the incident light beam, light loss in the input section converging lens array 9504 is small. Also, each of the openings of the central converging lens 9510 is
Since the size is sufficiently large with respect to 1, the light loss in the central convergent lens array 9505 is small. Furthermore, PD
Since the cross section of the light incident on the liquid crystal display panel 7201 is matched with the shape of the display area, the PD liquid crystal display panel 7201
The optical loss at is small. Therefore, most of the light emitted from the light emitter 9502 is reflected by the parabolic mirror 7801b, and the input part convergent lens array 9504, the central part convergent lens array 9505, the output part convergent lens 9507, P
D liquid crystal display panel 7201, and the projection lens 78
06 is reached. Therefore, if the light loss in the projection lens 7806 is suppressed, high light use efficiency is realized, and a bright and bright projected image with excellent uniformity of brightness is obtained.

Incidentally, the central convergent lens array 950
5, a plurality of secondary luminous bodies 9511 are discretely formed. In this case, the effective F number of the illumination light is calculated from the irradiation angle equivalently converted from the total area of the secondary luminous bodies 9511. Must be determined. On the other hand, the PD liquid crystal display panel 7
The converging angle of light emitted from 201 at the most angle with the optical axis 8702 is larger than this equivalent irradiation angle. Therefore, in order to suppress light loss, the projection lens 7
It is necessary to make the effective F-number 806 smaller than the effective effective F-number of the illumination light. This poses a problem in the case of a PD liquid crystal display panel because it lowers the contrast of a projected image.

On the other hand, in the projection type display device of this embodiment, the apertures 9506 and 9508 allow the apertures on both the illumination light side and the projection lens side to be minimized without increasing light loss. Since the size can be increased, a decrease in contrast can be suppressed. Specifically, the aperture of the stop 9506 on the illumination light side is formed in a shape as shown in FIG. 98 in accordance with the effective area of the secondary light emitter 9511 formed discretely. The broken lines correspond to the respective apertures of the central converging lens 9510 in FIG. Also, an aperture 9508 on the projection lens side
Since the real image of the secondary luminous body 9511 is formed on the opening of the aperture 9508, the aperture shape of the aperture 9508 is made similar to the aperture shape of the aperture 9506. Accordingly, light that has passed through the stop 9506 passes through the stop 9508, so that high light use efficiency can be realized. At the same time, the projection lens 7806 provides the minimum required aperture required by the illumination light, so that a display image with high contrast can be realized. As a result, a bright and high-quality projected image can be provided, and a very large effect can be obtained.

The input unit convergent lens array 9504 and the central convergent lens array 95 used in the projection display apparatus of the present invention
It is more preferable to configure the aperture 05, the aperture 9506, and the aperture 9508 as follows. FIG. 99 shows the configuration of the central convergent lens array 9505 in this case. In general, the size of the secondary luminous body 9511 is larger as the size of the input portion converging lens 9509 located near the optical axis is larger. Therefore, the apertures of the central converging lens 9510 do not necessarily have to be the same, and may be sufficient and sufficient for each of the secondary luminous bodies 9511. If a plurality of central convergent lenses 9510 having different apertures are arranged in a coherent manner to form a central convergent lens array 9505, there is an advantage that the total sum of the aperture regions can be reduced. The input convergent lens array combined with the central convergent lens array 9505
98, each of the input section converging lenses is appropriately decentered, and the corresponding central section converging lens 9 is formed.
The secondary light emitter 9511 may be formed at the center of the opening of the 510.

In this case, an aperture 9508 having an aperture shape shown in FIG. 100 may be used instead of the aperture 9506 on the illumination light side. The same applies to the stop 9508 on the projection lens side. Accordingly, the aperture diameter of the central convergent lens array 9505 can be reduced without causing light loss, and
There is an advantage that the lens diameter of the projection lens 7806 can be reduced.

As described above, the projection type display device of this embodiment has a greater effect when the light valve 7201 is illuminated by forming a plurality of secondary light emitters discretely. Even if a projection lens 7806 having a large maximum light collection angle is used, a necessary minimum aperture for light emitted from the light valve 192 can be provided by providing a discrete aperture having a plurality of apertures. As a result, a bright and high-contrast projected image can be obtained.

The PD liquid crystal display panel 7 shown in FIG.
If you attach a mosaic color filter to 201,
It goes without saying that a single liquid crystal display device can display a color image.

FIG. 101 is a block diagram of a projection type display device which develops the projection type display device of FIG. 95 and performs full color display using three liquid crystal display panels 7201. In addition,
The following embodiments will be described mainly focusing on differences from the first embodiment.

In the projection type display device shown in FIG. 101, three PD liquid crystal display panels 7201 corresponding to three primary colors are used. Parabolic mirror 7801b, input part converging lens array 95
95, the central convergent lens array 9505, and the output convergent lens 9507 are the same as those shown in FIG. 95, and the PD liquid crystal display panels 7201a, 7201b, 7201c are formed by the same procedure as that described in FIG. Are illuminated. However, dichroic mirror 79
03a, 7903b, and 7903b, the illumination light is decomposed into three primary colors, and the corresponding PD
The light is guided onto the display area of the liquid crystal display panel 7201.

In the PD liquid crystal display panel 7201, an optical image corresponding to three primary colors is formed on each display area according to a video signal supplied from the outside. Projection lens 780
Reference numeral 6 includes a front lens group 9501a and a rear lens group 9501b, and enlarges and projects an optical image of three primary colors on a screen 7807.

The stop 9506 on the illumination light side and the stop 9508 on the projection lens side are the same as those shown in FIG.
Used for similar purposes. The output section converging lens 950 is set so that the stop 9508 and the stop 9506 have a conjugate relationship with each other.
7 and the rear group lens 9501b are appropriately configured.

Similarly, in the case of the configuration shown in FIG. 86, the configuration shown in FIG. 102 may be used. The operation is substantially the same as that described above, and thus will be omitted.

On the emission side of the PD liquid crystal display panel 7201, a plano-concave lens 7 with a concave surface facing the emission side using a transparent adhesive.
A black paint 7402 is applied to the side surface of the lens 7403b, and an anti-reflection film is deposited on the concave surface of the concave lens 7201. The concave lens 7403b is formed by molding using acrylic resin. In molding, the same lens can be produced if there is a mold, so mass production is good.

[0430] A positive lens 7701b is arranged close to the emission side of the concave lens 7403b. Positive lens 77
The radius of curvature of the convex surface of 01b is equal to the radius of curvature of the concave surface of the concave lens 7403b. A thin air gap is provided between the convex surfaces of both lenses. Antireflection films are deposited on both surfaces of the positive lens 7701b in the same manner as the concave lens 7403b. Further, the projection lens 7806 forms an optical image on the liquid crystal layer 108 on the screen 7807 in a state where the concave lens 7403b and the positive lens 7701b are combined. To adjust the focus of the projected image, move the projection lens to the optical axis 8
This is done by moving along 702.

[0431] The PD liquid crystal display panel 7201 is not as strongly dependent on the incident angle of the optical characteristics as the TN liquid crystal display panel.
If the incident angle of the incident light is too large, the liquid crystal layer 108
The scattering characteristic changes because the optical path length at the time of passing through becomes longer. That is, if the incident angle of the light beam incident on the PD liquid crystal display panel 7201 differs depending on the location, the image quality of the projected image becomes non-uniform. On the other hand, when trying to reduce the radius of curvature of the concave surface of the concave lens 7403b, the PD liquid crystal display panel 7
It is necessary to make convergent light having a large convergence angle incident on 201 or to increase the effective diameter of projection lens 7806.
In the former, since the image quality is not uniform depending on the location on the PD liquid crystal display panel 7201, the image quality of the projected image becomes uneven,
The latter has a problem that the size of the projection lens 7806 is increased and the cost is increased. 101 and 10 when the scattering angle dependence of the scattering characteristic of the PD liquid crystal display panel 7201 is large.
As shown in FIG. 2, the concave lens 7403b and the positive lens 7
By combining 701b, light nearly parallel to the PD liquid crystal display panel 7201 can be incident without increasing the size of the projection lens 7806, so that it is easy to ensure uniform image quality of the projected image.

In FIGS. 101 and 102, the transmission type liquid crystal display panel 7201 is used as a light valve. However, the technical idea of improving the display contrast by using the aperture 9506 in FIG. It can also be applied to a projection type display device. An example is shown in FIG.

In a reflection type projection display device, the projection lens 7
An aperture 9508 is arranged at a position above 806. This is because the lower position is the path of the incident light. The description of other configurations is shown in FIG.
5 and FIG. 101 and the like, and a description thereof will not be repeated.

FIG. 104 shows a configuration in which a prism 10001 is used in the color separation / color synthesis optical system. Since the configuration of the prism in FIG. 104 is employed in the CCD section of a video camera for business use or the like, it will not be necessary to explain. The liquid crystal display panel 7 is attached to the three prisms 10001 of FIG.
This is a configuration in which the optical coupling 201 is optically coupled. Note that the liquid crystal display panel 7201 and the prism 10001 are optically coupled by an optical coupling layer 7401,
The light absorbing film 7402 is formed or arranged on the inactive surface 01. The light absorbing film 7401 is the same as that described above, and the description is omitted.

The liquid crystal display panel of the present invention can be used not only as a light valve of a projection type display device but also for a display device (called a viewfinder) used for a video camera, for example. Hereinafter, an embodiment in which the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is employed as a light valve of a viewfinder will be described.

FIG. 105 is an external view of the viewfinder of the present invention, and is a cross-sectional view of FIGS. 106 and 105. Inside the body 10507, a condenser lens 10503 and a liquid crystal display panel 7201 are arranged. An eyepiece 10506 is provided inside the eyepiece ring 10505. Reference numeral 10501 denotes a fluorescent light emitting tube, and light emitted from the fluorescent light emitting tube 10501 is emitted from a hole 10510 at a central portion of the light shielding plate 10502. Body 1050
7. The inner surface of the eyepiece ring 10505 and the like is painted black or dark to absorb unnecessary light. Note that the fluorescent light emitting tube 10501 may use a light emitting diode (LED), a fluorescent light emitting element (VFD), or the like. Alternatively, a surface generation source or the like can be used. Liquid crystal display panel 7201
May be provided with a polarizing plate 7902.

For example, the diagonal length of the display area of the liquid crystal display panel 7201 is about 18 mm, and the condensing lens 105
03 has an effective diameter of 20 mm and a focal length of 15 mm. The condenser lens 10503 is a plano-convex lens, and its plane faces the light emitting element 10501 side. Note that the condenser lens 10503 and the eyepiece 10506 may be replaced with Fresnel lenses. If the Fresnel lens is used, the volume of the viewfinder can be reduced and the weight can be reduced.

The light emitted from the light emitting element 10501 at a wide solid angle is almost parallel by the condenser lens 10503,
The light is converted into light having a narrow directivity, and is incident from a counter electrode (not shown) side of the liquid crystal display panel 7201. The observer puts his or her eyes in close contact with the eyepiece cover 10508 and
01 will be displayed. That is, the position of the observer's pupil is substantially fixed. Liquid crystal display panel 7201
When it is assumed that all the pixels make light go straight, the condenser lens 10503 is radiated from the light emitting element 10501, and the light incident on the effective area of the condenser lens 10503 passes through the eyepiece 10506, and then all the pupils of the observer are observed. To be incident. In this way, the observer can enlarge and view a small display image on the liquid crystal display panel 7201. That is, an enlarged virtual image can be seen.

[0439] In the viewfinder, the position of the observer's pupil is almost fixed by the eyepiece cover 10508, and therefore, the light source disposed behind it may have narrow directivity. In a conventional view finder using a light box using a fluorescent tube as a light source, only light that travels within a small solid angle in a certain direction from an area having almost the same size as the display area of the liquid crystal display panel 7201 is used. Light traveling in the direction is not used. That is, the light use efficiency is very poor.

In the present invention, a light source having a small luminous body is used.
Light radiated from the light emitter at a wide solid angle is converted by a condenser lens 10503 into light that is nearly parallel. In this case, the directivity of the light emitted from the condenser lens 10503 becomes narrow. If the observer's viewpoint is fixed, the light having the narrow directivity described above is sufficient for use in a viewfinder. If the size of the luminous body is small, the power consumption is naturally small. As described above, the viewfinder of the present invention utilizes the fact that the observer views the displayed image while fixing the viewpoint. A normal direct-view liquid crystal display panel requires a certain viewing angle,
The viewfinder is sufficient for use as long as a display image can be observed well from a predetermined direction. Note that both the viewfinder and the video camera of the present invention have mounting brackets 10509.
Is fixed to the video camera.

The liquid crystal display panel 7201 is provided with a color filter (not shown). The pixel arrangement is a so-called square arrangement. Note that a delta arrangement may be used. The color filter transmits any one of R, G, and B colors.
The thickness of each color may be controlled by the components of the color filter. The thickness of the color filter is adjusted when the color filter is manufactured. That is, the thickness of the color filter is changed by R, G, and B. Depending on the thickness of the color filter, the thickness 108 of the liquid crystal on each pixel can be adjusted according to the color of each color filter. For the R pixel, the film thickness 108 of the liquid crystal layer is increased. PD liquid crystal display panel 720
This is because in the case of 1, the scattering characteristics of the R light are poor.

Body 1050 of eyepiece ring 710505
By adjusting the degree of insertion into 7, the focus can be adjusted according to the eyesight of the observer. Since the position of the observer's eye is fixed by the eyepiece cover 10508, the viewpoint position hardly shifts during use of the viewfinder. If the viewpoint is fixed, even if the directivity of light to the liquid crystal display panel 7201 is narrow, an observer can see a good image. In order to make the image look even better, the direction of light emission from the light emitting element 10501 may be moved in an optimal direction.

FIG. 107 is a sectional view of a fluorescent light emitting tube as one embodiment of the light emitting element 10501 used in the viewfinder of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 107, the fluorescent light emitting tube has a miniature bulb shape in appearance. 10701
Is a case made of glass and has a diameter of 5 mm to 20 m.
m. 10703 is a filament. DC 4V
By applying a voltage of about 8 V to the filament 1
0703 is heated. 10704 is an anode,
The applied voltage is about 15 to 25 VDC. The electrons emitted by heating the filament 10703 are accelerated by the anode voltage. Mercury molecules (not shown) are sealed in the case 10701, and the accelerated electrons emit ultraviolet rays by colliding with the mercury molecules. The ultraviolet light excites the phosphor 10702 to generate visible light. As such a light emitting element, there is a fluorescent light emitting tube (Lunalight 05 series) manufactured by Mini Pyro Electric Co., Ltd. Alternatively, there is a product of Tohoku Electronics Co., Ltd. having a diameter of 2.4 mm.

[0444] Driving can control the amount of emitted light by performing pulse driving. The pulse period is 30 Hz or more, preferably 60 Hz or more. By making the voltage applied to the anode a pulse signal, the amount of radiation can be varied in proportion to the pulse width.

As shown in FIG. 107B, if a light-shielding film 10705 is formed on a case 10701 to reduce the radiation area of light emitted from the light-emitting element, a light-shielding plate 10510 as shown in FIG. No longer.

As described above, the view finder of the present invention efficiently condenses light radiated from a small luminous body of the light emitting element 10501 at a wide solid angle by the condensing lens 10503. Power consumption of the light source can be significantly reduced as compared with the case where a backlight of the light source is used.

FIG. 105 is a block diagram of a viewfinder used for a video camera or the like. However, this technical idea can be applied to a video monitor having a large display screen. FIG.
8 is a sectional view of the video monitor.

A Fresnel lens is used as the condensing lens 10801, and a transparent member 7403 is attached to the exit surface of the liquid crystal display panel 7201. Light emitted from the light emitting lamp 10501 is reflected by the mirror 7805 and enters the Fresnel lens 10801. The incident light is converted into substantially parallel light by the Fresnel lens and is incident on the liquid crystal display panel 7201.

The optical path 8702 is bent as shown in FIG. 108 in order to shorten the depth of the video monitor. The reason for using a Fresnel lens is to reduce the weight of a plano-convex lens because it is heavy.

The present invention is configured so that a large voltage can be applied to the liquid crystal layer 108 by forming a striped electrode on the liquid crystal layer 108. Also, the counter substrate 11
With a configuration that does not use 0, significant weight reduction is possible. Further, by disposing or forming the pixel electrode 107 between the first liquid crystal layer 108a and the second liquid crystal layer 108b, even if the liquid crystal layer is thick, it can be easily driven at a low voltage. Further, since gradation display is performed by two liquid crystal layers, high contrast display and high gradation display can be performed, and high quality display can be realized.

[0451]

As apparent from the above description, the present invention has an advantage that the display contrast can be increased.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a partial explanatory view (switching element) of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal.

FIG. 7 is a partial explanatory view (drive circuit) of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a partial explanatory view (drive circuit) of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a partial explanatory view (striped electrode) of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of a drive circuit of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of a method for driving a liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of a driving method of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of a drive circuit of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram of a method for driving a liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram of an electrode structure of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

21 is a characteristic diagram of the electrode structure of FIG.

FIG. 22 is a characteristic diagram of the electrode structure of FIG.

FIG. 23 is a characteristic diagram of the electrode structure of FIG.

FIG. 24 is a characteristic diagram of the electrode structure of FIG.

FIG. 25 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 26 is an explanatory diagram of a method for driving a liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 27 is an explanatory diagram of a driving method of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 28 is an explanatory diagram of the method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 29 is an explanatory diagram of a drive circuit of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 30 is an explanatory diagram of the structure of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 31 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 32 is an explanatory diagram of a liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 33 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 34 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 35 is an explanatory diagram of the method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display panel in another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 36 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 37 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 38 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 39 is a diagram illustrating a method for driving a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 40 is an explanatory diagram of a driving method of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 41 is a diagram illustrating a method for driving a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 42 is an explanatory diagram of the method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display panel in another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 43 is an explanatory diagram of a driving method of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 44 is an explanatory diagram of a driving method of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 45 is an explanatory diagram of a driving method of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 46 is an explanatory diagram of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 47 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 48 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 49 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 50 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 51 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 52 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 53 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 54 is an explanatory diagram of a video monitor of the present invention.

FIG. 55 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 56 is an explanatory diagram of a driving circuit of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 57 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 58 is a plan view of an array substrate of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 59 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 60 is an explanatory diagram of a driving method of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 61 is an explanatory diagram of the method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display panel in another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 62 is a plan view of an array substrate of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 63 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 64 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 65 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 66 is a plan view of an array substrate of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 67 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 68 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 69 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 70 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 71 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 72 is a configuration diagram of a liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 73 is a configuration diagram of a liquid crystal display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 74 is a configuration diagram and an explanatory diagram of characteristics of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 75 is a configuration diagram of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 76 is a configuration diagram of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 77 is a configuration diagram of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 78 is a configuration diagram of a projection display device of the present invention.

FIG. 79 is a configuration diagram of a projection display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 80 is a configuration diagram of a projection display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 81 is a configuration diagram of a projection display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 82 is an explanatory diagram of optical components of the projection display device of FIG. 81.

FIG. 83 is a configuration diagram of a rear projection display device.

FIG. 84 is an explanatory diagram of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

85 is a configuration diagram when the liquid crystal display device of FIG. 84 is used as a light valve of a projection display device of the present invention.

FIG. 86 is a configuration diagram of a projection display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 87 is a configuration diagram of a projection display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 88 is a perspective view of the projection display apparatus of FIG. 87.

FIG. 89 is an explanatory diagram of a projection display device of the present invention.

FIG. 90 is an explanatory diagram of a projection display device of the present invention.

FIG. 91 is a configuration diagram of a projection display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 92 is an explanatory diagram of an optical component of the projection display device of the present invention.

FIG. 93 is a configuration diagram of a projection display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 94 is a configuration diagram of a projection display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 95 is an explanatory diagram of a projection display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 96 is an explanatory diagram of an optical component of the projection display device of the present invention.

FIG. 97 is an explanatory diagram of an optical component of the projection display device of the present invention.

FIG. 98 is an explanatory diagram of an optical component of the projection display device of the present invention.

FIG. 99 is an explanatory diagram of an optical component of the projection display device of the present invention.

FIG. 100 is an explanatory diagram of an optical component of the projection display device of the present invention.

FIG. 101 is a configuration diagram of a projection display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 102 is a configuration diagram of a projection display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 103 is a configuration diagram of a projection display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 104 is a configuration diagram of a projection display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 105 is an external view of the viewfinder of the present invention.

FIG. 106 is a cross-sectional view of the viewfinder of the present invention.

FIG. 107 is a cross-sectional view of a light-emitting lamp used for the viewfinder of the present invention.

FIG. 108 is a configuration diagram of a display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 109 is an explanatory diagram of an apparatus for manufacturing a liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 110 is an explanatory diagram of the method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display panel in another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 111 is an explanatory view of a liquid crystal display panel manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 112 is an explanatory diagram of a manufacturing apparatus for a liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 113 is an explanatory diagram of the method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 114 is an explanatory diagram of the method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 115 is an explanatory diagram of the method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 116 is an explanatory diagram of an apparatus for manufacturing a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 117 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 118 is an explanatory diagram of a liquid crystal display panel in another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 119 is an explanatory diagram of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 120 is an explanatory diagram of a driving method of a liquid crystal display panel in another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 121 is an explanatory diagram of a driving method of a liquid crystal display panel in another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 122 is an explanatory diagram of a driving method of a liquid crystal display panel in another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 123 is a partial cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 124 is a partial cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 101 Array substrate 102 Striped electrode 103 Protective film (protective layer) 104 Opposite drive circuit 105 Wiring (connection line) 106 Switching element (TFT etc.) 107 Pixel electrode 108 Light modulation layer (liquid crystal layer) 109, 901 Shielding film (resin black) Matrix (BM)) 110 Counter substrate 201 Gate signal line 202 Source signal line 301 Source drive circuit (source drive IC) 302 Gate drive circuit (gate drive IC) 303 Additional capacitor (storage capacity) 304 Common electrode 401 Display area (image display) Region) 501 Insulating layer 502 Drain electrode 503 Source electrode 504 Gate electrode 505 Semiconductor layer 506 Light shielding film (BM) 601 Display panel 602 Polymer (resin component) 603 Drop liquid crystal (liquid crystal component) 701 Sealing resin ( 702 Protruding electrode (bump) 703 Conductive bonding layer (conductive adhesive) 703 Protective resin 705 Terminal electrode 1001 Amplifier 1002 Phase division circuit 1003 Output switching circuit 1004 Drive IC (drive circuit) control circuit 1101 Stripe electrode Applied signal waveform 1102 Applied signal waveform to source signal line 1103 Applied signal waveform to gate signal line 1301 Soft register (SR) 1302 NAND (Nand circuit) 1303 INV (Inverter circuit) 1304 Analog switch 1501 Insulating film (Protective layer) 1601 Low dielectric film 1602 Protective sheet (protective film, protective substrate) 1801 Counter electrode 2001 Electrode 2002 Dielectric thin film 2801 Release plate (sheet, release sheet) 2802 Bead or fiber 2803 Mixed solution (liquid) Crystal component + uncured resin component) 2901 A / D circuit 2902 Frame memory (field memory) 2903 1H period operation circuit 2904 D / A circuit 2905 Video signal processing circuit 3101 Triangular prism (sheet) 3201 Interface 3202 Eye 3301 Intermediate substrate ( Electrode substrate) 3601 Stripe electrode 4201 Adhesive resin 4901 Alignment film 5101 Micro lens array 5102 Micro lens 5401 Holder 5402 Rotation axis 5601 Synchronous signal separation circuit 5602 Switching circuit 5603 Polarity inversion circuit 5701 Common electrode 5702 Connection part (connection terminal) 7201 Display panel 7202, 7902 Polarizing plate 7203 Prism plate (prism sheet) 7204 Diffusion plate (diffusion sheet) 7205 Fluorescent tube 7206 Reflection plate (reflection sheet) 7401 Coupling layer (optical binder) 7402 Light absorbing film 7403 Transparent member (transparent substrate, lens) 7404 Scattered light 7405 Reflected light 7406 Interface 7801a Discharge lamp 7801b Concave mirror 7801c UVIR cut filter (UVIR cut mirror) 7802 Polarizing beam splitter (PBS) 7803 Light separation surface 7804 Relay lens 7805 Mirror 7806 Projection lens 7807 Screen 7901 Phase plate (λ / 2 plate) 7903 Dichroic mirror (Color filter (D
M)) 8001a R filter 8001b B filter 8002 Reflection prism 8101, 8102 Lens 8103 Aperture 8201 Field lens 8301 Optical system block 8302 Cabinet 8701a Incident light beam 8701b Outgoing light 8702 Optical axis 9101 Dichroic prism 9201 Light entrance / exit surface 9501a01 Rear group 9501a01 Group lens 9502 Light emitter 9503 Real image 9504 Input part converging lens array 9505 Central part converging lens array 9506, 9508 Aperture 9507 Output part converging lens 9509 Input part converging lens 9510 Central part converging lens 9511 Secondary light emitter 10501 Light emitting lamp 10502 Aperture 10503 Collection Optical lens 10505 Eyepiece ring 10506 Eyepiece 10507 Body 1 0508 Eyepiece rubber 10509 Mounting bracket 10510 Hole (aperture) 10701 Case 10702 Phosphor 10703 Filament 10704 Anode 10705 Light shielding film 10801 Fresnel lens 10901 Light irradiation means 10902 Rolling roller 10903 Supply roller 10904 Winding roller 11101 Aperture (mask) 11102 Opening (mask) 11102 (Resin component) 11402 Liquid crystal (liquid crystal component) 11501, 11502, 11602 Laser beam 11601 Laser head (laser emission port) 11701 Light guide plate 11702 Reflective film (reflective portion) 11703 Adhesive layer (adhesive) 11704 Opening 12401 Reflector

──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code FI H01L 29/786 H01L 29/78 612B

Claims (80)

[Claims] 1. A first substrate having pixel electrodes formed or arranged in a matrix in a row direction and a column direction, and a substantially striped stripe formed or arranged at a position facing the pixel electrodes in the row direction. A display panel, comprising: a signal line; a light modulation layer sandwiched between the pixel electrode and the stripe signal line; and a protective film formed or disposed at an interface between the stripe signal line and air. 2. A pixel electrode formed in a matrix in a row direction and a column direction, and a substantially striped first stripe signal line formed or arranged at a position facing the pixel electrode in the row direction. A first substrate on which a switching element for applying a signal to the pixel electrode, and a first signal line for transmitting a signal for activating and deactivating the switching element are formed; and A substantially striped second striped signal line formed or arranged at an opposing position; a light modulation layer sandwiched between the pixel electrode and the first and / or second striped signal line; Applying different potential voltages to a first electrode and a second electrode adjacent to the first electrode with respect to the first and second stripe-shaped signal lines; The potential of the second electrode A variable may drive means, said first and / or second striped signal lines and the interface to form or disposed display panel and a protective film of air. 3. The light modulating layer is a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer, a driving means is connected to one end of the striped signal line, and the driving means is directly formed on the first substrate. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the display panel is a display panel. 4. A pixel substrate formed in a matrix, a first substrate on which a switching element for applying a signal to the pixel electrode is formed, and a first element for controlling a non-operation state and an operation state of the switching element. A first signal line for transmitting the first signal; a first drive circuit for generating the first signal; and a second signal line for transmitting a video signal to be applied to the pixel electrode via the switching element. And a second drive circuit for outputting the video signal, wherein the first drive means is directly formed on the first substrate, and wherein the second drive means comprises a semiconductor chip, A display panel, wherein a semiconductor chip is connected to the second signal line. 5. A pixel electrode formed in a matrix, a transistor element for applying a signal to the pixel electrode, and a gate signal line for transmitting a first signal for bringing the transistor element into a non-operation state and an operation state. A first substrate on which a source signal line for transmitting a video signal to be applied to the pixel electrode via the transistor element is formed; a gate drive circuit for generating the first signal; and outputting the video signal A source drive circuit, wherein the source drive circuit is directly formed on the first substrate by a high-temperature polysilicon technology or a low-temperature polysilicon technology, and the gate drive circuit comprises a semiconductor chip. A display panel connected to the second signal line. 6. A protruding electrode is formed on a terminal of the semiconductor chip, and the semiconductor chip is connected to the second signal line via a terminal of the second signal line and a conductive bonding layer. The display panel according to claim 5, wherein: 7. A video signal applied to a source signal line during one horizontal period or one vertical period, and a predetermined DC signal is superimposed on the video signal at the start and end of the period. Display panel driving method. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the predetermined DC signal is a substantially average value of the video signal during the period. 9. A first substrate having pixel electrodes formed in a matrix, a second substrate having a second electrode formed thereon, and a first substrate disposed between the pixel electrode and the second electrode. A third light modulation layer sandwiched between the pixel electrode and the third electrode; and a second light modulation sandwiched between the third electrode and the second electrode. A display panel, wherein the first light modulation layer displays an image in a matrix, and the second light modulation layer changes a light transmission state. 10. A first substrate having pixel electrodes formed in a matrix in a row direction and a column direction; a second substrate having a plurality of stripe-shaped electrodes formed thereon; A common third electrode corresponding to the pixel electrode; a first polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pixel electrode and the third electrode; and a gap between the third electrode and the stripe-shaped electrode. And a second polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pixel electrodes, wherein the stripe-shaped electrodes are formed corresponding to the pixel electrodes in the row direction or the column direction. 11. A first substrate having pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix, a second substrate on which a second electrode is formed, and a common substrate corresponding to the pixel electrodes formed in a matrix. A first polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pixel electrode and the third electrode; a second polymer electrode sandwiched between the third electrode and the second electrode. A display panel comprising a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer. 12. The average particle diameter of the droplet-shaped liquid crystal or the average pore diameter of the polymer in the first polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer is equal to the average particle diameter of the droplet-shaped liquid crystal or the average pore diameter of the polymer in the second polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the difference is different.
Alternatively, the display panel according to claim 11. 13. The display panel according to claim 10, wherein a dye or a pigment is added to one of the first polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer and the second polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer. . 14. An interface between an electrode and a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer,
12. The display panel according to claim 10, wherein an insulating film having a resistance higher than the specific resistance of the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal is formed. 15. An interface between an electrode and a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer,
The display panel according to claim 10, wherein a dielectric thin film that is higher than the relative dielectric constant of the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal and lower than the relative dielectric constant of the electrode is formed. 16. A first substrate on which first pixel electrodes are formed in a matrix, a second substrate on which stripe electrodes are formed, and a liquid crystal solution in which liquid crystal and uncured resin are mixed. Preparing a smoothing means having smoothness, a first step of holding the liquid crystal solution between a first electrode substrate and the smoothing means, and applying light or heat to the liquid crystal solution to cause the liquid crystal solution to contain light. A second step of curing the resin and phase-separating the liquid crystal component and the resin component to form a liquid crystal layer; a third step of separating the smoothing means from the liquid crystal layer; a third electrode on the liquid crystal layer A fourth step of forming a liquid crystal solution; a fifth step of holding a liquid crystal solution between the third electrode and the second substrate; and a resin in the liquid crystal solution by applying light or heat to the liquid crystal solution. To form a liquid crystal layer by phase-separating the liquid crystal component and the resin component. And a fifth step of manufacturing the display panel. 17. A first substrate on which first pixel electrodes are formed in a matrix, a second substrate on which stripe electrodes are formed, and a liquid crystal solution in which liquid crystal and uncured resin are mixed. Preparing a smoothing means having smoothness, a first step of holding the liquid crystal solution between a first electrode substrate and the smoothing means, and applying light or heat to the liquid crystal solution to cause the liquid crystal solution to contain light. A second step of curing the resin and phase-separating the liquid crystal component and the resin component to form a liquid crystal layer; a third step of separating the smoothing means from the liquid crystal layer; and forming an insulating film on the liquid crystal layer. Forming a third electrode on the first insulating film and forming a second insulating film on the third electrode; and forming the second insulating film and the second A fifth step of holding the liquid crystal solution between the substrates, and applying light or heat to the liquid crystal solution. A step of curing the resin in the liquid crystal solution, thereby separating the liquid crystal component and the resin component into phases to form a liquid crystal layer. 18. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 18, wherein an intensity of applying light or heat to the liquid crystal solution in the second step is different from an intensity of applying light or heat to the liquid crystal solution in the fifth step. A method for manufacturing a display panel according to claim 16. 19. A first liquid crystal layer between pixel electrodes and a first electrode formed in a matrix in a row direction and a column direction, and a second liquid crystal layer between the first electrode and a plurality of striped electrodes. A method of driving a display panel having a liquid crystal layer, wherein the stripe-shaped electrodes are formed in the row direction or the column direction, wherein a voltage value applied to the pixel electrode in the row direction or the column direction is calculated. A method for driving a display panel, wherein a voltage value to be applied to the stripe-shaped electrodes corresponding to the row direction or the column direction is obtained from a calculation result. 20. A first liquid crystal layer between a pixel electrode formed in a matrix in a row direction and a column direction and a first electrode of a second substrate, and a first liquid crystal layer of the second substrate in the second substrate. A method of driving a display panel having a second liquid crystal layer between the second electrode formed on the opposite surface and a plurality of stripe-shaped electrodes, wherein the stripe-shaped electrodes are formed in the row direction or the column direction Wherein a voltage value applied to the pixel electrode in the row direction or the column direction is calculated, and a voltage value applied to the stripe-shaped electrode corresponding to the row direction or the column direction is obtained from the calculation result. Display panel driving method. 21. A first liquid crystal layer between a pixel electrode formed in a matrix in a row direction and a column direction and a first electrode on a second substrate, and a first liquid crystal layer on the second substrate. A method of driving a display panel having a second liquid crystal layer between a second electrode formed on an opposite surface and a third electrode of a third substrate, wherein the row direction in one frame or one field is provided. And a voltage value applied to the pixel electrodes in the column direction is calculated, and a voltage value applied to the second liquid crystal layer is obtained from the calculation result. 22. The display panel driving method according to claim 19, wherein the display panel displays an image layer in a normally black mode. 23. A first substrate having pixel electrodes formed in a matrix in a row direction and a column direction; a second substrate having a plurality of stripe-shaped electrodes formed in a column direction; A common third electrode corresponding to the formed pixel electrode; a first liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pixel electrode and the third electrode; and a gap between the third electrode and the stripe-shaped electrode. And a prism formed or arranged to substantially match the width of the pixel electrode in the column direction. 24. A first substrate having pixel electrodes formed in a matrix in a row direction and a column direction, a second substrate having a plurality of striped electrodes formed in a column direction, and a third electrode. A third liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pixel electrode and the third electrode; and a third liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pixel electrode and the third electrode; and a third liquid crystal layer between the fourth electrode and the stripe-shaped electrode. A display panel comprising: a sandwiched second polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer; and a prism formed or arranged to substantially match the width of a pixel electrode in a column direction. 25. A pixel electrode formed in a matrix in a row direction and a column direction that modulates with a first liquid crystal layer, and a second liquid crystal layer.
Having a plurality of striped electrodes that modulate the liquid crystal layer of
A method for driving a display panel in which the stripe-shaped electrodes are formed in the column direction, wherein a voltage is applied to a second liquid crystal layer corresponding to the odd-numbered stripe-shaped electrodes in a first field. The liquid crystal layer is in a light transmitting state, and the second liquid crystal layer corresponding to the even-numbered stripe-shaped electrodes is in a light scattering state. A voltage is applied to the second liquid crystal layer corresponding to the stripe-shaped electrode to make the liquid crystal layer in a light transmitting state, and light scattering occurs in the second liquid crystal layer corresponding to the odd-numbered stripe-shaped electrode. A method for driving a display panel, wherein the display panel is in a state. 26. A display panel comprising: a first liquid crystal layer that modulates in a simple matrix mode; and a second liquid crystal layer that modulates in an active matrix mode. 27. A first substrate having first pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix, a second substrate having second pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix, a third electrode, A first polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a first pixel electrode and the third electrode; and a second polymer sandwiched between the third electrode and the second pixel electrode. A display panel, comprising: a dispersed liquid crystal layer. 28. A first substrate having a first pixel electrode arranged in a matrix, a second substrate having a second pixel electrode arranged in a matrix, and the first pixel electrode A display panel comprising: a first polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer and a second polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer sandwiched between second pixel electrodes. 29. A first substrate having a first pixel electrode arranged in a matrix, a second substrate having a second pixel electrode arranged in a matrix, and the first pixel electrode A polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer sandwiched between second pixel electrodes; a first microlens array formed or arranged on the first substrate; and a second microlens array formed or arranged on the second substrate. A display panel comprising: a microlens array according to any one of claims 1 to 3. 30. The display panel according to claim 27, wherein the position of the first pixel electrode is shifted from the position of the second pixel electrode by substantially 1/2 pixel. 31. The average particle diameter of the droplet-shaped liquid crystal or the average pore diameter of the polymer in the first polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer is equal to the average particle diameter of the droplet-shaped liquid crystal or the average pore diameter of the polymer in the second polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer 28. It is different.
29. A display panel according to claim 28. 32. The display panel according to claim 27, wherein a dye or a pigment is added to one of the first polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer and the second polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer. . 33. An interface between an electrode and a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer,
30. The display panel according to claim 27, wherein an insulating film having a resistance higher than the specific resistance of the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal is formed. 34. A first substrate on which a first electrode is formed, a second substrate on which a second electrode is formed, a liquid crystal solution in which a liquid crystal and an uncured resin are mixed, and an uncured liquid. A resin solution and a smoothing means having smoothness are prepared. The liquid crystal solution is held between a first electrode and the first smoothing means, and the liquid crystal is held between a second electrode and the second smoothing means. A first step of holding the solution, and applying light or heat to the liquid crystal solution between the first electrode and the first smoothing means to cure the resin in the liquid crystal solution and to form a liquid crystal component and a resin component. The first liquid crystal layer is subjected to phase separation, and light or heat is applied to the liquid crystal solution between the second electrode and the second smoothing means to cure the resin in the liquid crystal solution so that the liquid crystal component and the resin component are in phase. A second step of separating the liquid crystal layer into a second liquid crystal layer, and a step before the first and second liquid crystal layers. A third step of peeling off the smoothing means, a fourth step of holding the resin solution between the first liquid crystal layer and the second liquid crystal layer, and applying light or heat to the resin solution. And a fifth step of curing the resin. 35. A first substrate having a first electrode formed thereon, a second substrate having a second electrode formed thereon, a liquid crystal solution in which liquid crystal and uncured resin are mixed, and an uncured liquid. A resin solution and a smoothing means having smoothness are prepared. The liquid crystal solution is held between a first electrode and the first smoothing means, and the liquid crystal is held between a second electrode and the second smoothing means. A first step of holding the solution, and applying light or heat to the liquid crystal solution between the first electrode and the first smoothing means to cure the resin in the liquid crystal solution and to form a liquid crystal component and a resin component. The first liquid crystal layer is subjected to phase separation, and light or heat is applied to the liquid crystal solution between the second electrode and the second smoothing means to cure the resin in the liquid crystal solution so that the liquid crystal component and the resin component are in phase. A second step of separating the liquid crystal layer into a second liquid crystal layer, and a step before the first and second liquid crystal layers. A third step of removing the smoothing means, a fourth step of forming a third electrode on the first liquid crystal layer, and narrowing the resin solution between the third electrode and the second liquid crystal layer. A method of manufacturing a display panel, comprising: performing a fifth step of holding the resin solution, and a sixth step of curing the resin by applying light or heat to the resin solution. 36. A first substrate having first pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix, a second substrate having second pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix, and the first pixel electrode. A method of driving a display panel comprising a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer sandwiched between second pixel electrodes, wherein the first pixel electrodes of the first substrate are sequentially arranged from the upper end to the lower end of the screen. A method for driving a display panel, comprising: applying a voltage to a second pixel electrode of a second substrate sequentially from a lower end to an upper end of a screen. 37. A first substrate having first pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix, a second substrate having second pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix, a third electrode, A display panel having a first liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a first pixel electrode and a third electrode, and a second liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the third electrode and a second pixel electrode A driving method, wherein voltages having different polarities are applied to the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode for each row, and the polarity of the voltage applied to the third electrode is positive. A negative voltage is applied to the pixel electrode, and a positive voltage is applied to the pixel electrode when the polarity of the voltage applied to the third electrode is negative. Drive method. 38. A first substrate having a first pixel electrode and a first source signal line arranged in a matrix, a second pixel electrode and a second source signal line arranged in a matrix And a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode. The first source signal line and the second source signal line Are disposed so as to be substantially orthogonal to each other. 39. A display area having pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix, H-direction storage means for sequentially storing video data in a row direction, V-direction storage means for sequentially storing video data in a column direction, Selecting means for selecting one of the H-direction storage means and the V-direction storage means; and a drive means for converting data from the selection means into analog data and sequentially applying the analog data to the pixel electrodes. Display device. 40. A first substrate having switching elements arranged or formed in a matrix, a first common electrode, and a pixel electrode connected to the switching element, and a second common electrode is formed. A second substrate, and a first substrate sandwiched between the pixel electrode and the first common electrode.
A second liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pixel electrode and the second common electrode.
And a liquid crystal layer. 41. A first substrate having switching elements arranged or formed in a matrix, a first common electrode, and a pixel electrode connected to the switching element, and a second common electrode is formed. A second substrate, and a first substrate sandwiched between the pixel electrode and the first common electrode.
And a second polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pixel electrode and the second common electrode. 42. The average particle diameter of the droplet-shaped liquid crystal or the average pore diameter of the polymer in the first polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer is smaller than the average particle diameter of the droplet-shaped liquid crystal or the average pore diameter of the polymer in the second polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer. The display panel according to claim 41, wherein the display panel is different from the display panel. 43. The display panel according to claim 41, wherein a dye or a pigment is added to one of the first polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer and the second polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer. 44. An interface between the electrode and the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer,
42. The display panel according to claim 41, wherein an insulating film having a resistance higher than the specific resistance of the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal is formed. 45. A first substrate having switching elements arranged or formed in a matrix, a first common electrode, a pixel electrode connected to the switching elements, and a second common electrode. A second liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pixel electrode and the second common electrode; a second liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pixel electrode and the first common electrode; A driving method for a display panel having a first layer and a second layer, wherein voltages having different polarities are applied to the pixel electrodes for each row, and wherein the polarity of the voltage applied to the pixel electrodes is positive. A negative voltage is applied to the common electrode, and a positive voltage is applied to the first and second common electrodes when the polarity of the voltage applied to the pixel electrode is negative. Display panel driving method. 46. A switching element arranged or formed in a matrix and a first common electrode formed with a first common electrode.
A second substrate on which a second common electrode is formed;
A first step of preparing a liquid crystal solution in which a liquid crystal and an uncured resin are mixed, and a smoothing means having smoothness, and holding the liquid crystal solution between a first common electrode and the smoothing means; A second step of irradiating the liquid crystal solution with light from the back surface of the substrate to cure a resin in the liquid crystal solution and to separate a liquid crystal component and a resin component into phases to form a first liquid crystal layer; A third step of removing the smoothing means from the liquid crystal layer, a fourth step of removing uncured resin from the first liquid crystal layer, and a step of connecting the switching element on the first liquid crystal layer. A fifth step of forming a pixel electrode, a sixth step of holding the liquid crystal solution between the pixel electrode and a second common electrode, and irradiating light from the second substrate side with the liquid crystal. The resin in the solution is cured, and the liquid crystal component and the resin component are phase-separated.
And a seventh step for forming a liquid crystal layer. 47. A switching element arranged or formed in a matrix and a first common electrode formed with a first common electrode.
A second substrate on which a second common electrode is formed;
A liquid crystal solution in which a liquid crystal and an uncured resin are mixed, and a smoothing means having smoothness are prepared, and the liquid crystal solution is dropped on the first common electrode or the smoothing means, and the first common electrode and A first step of sandwiching the liquid crystal solution between the smoothing means, and irradiating the liquid crystal solution with light from the back surface of the first substrate to cure the resin in the liquid crystal solution, and the liquid crystal component and the resin component A second step of separating the first liquid crystal layer from the first liquid crystal layer, a third step of separating the smoothing means from the first liquid crystal layer, and removing an uncured resin from the first liquid crystal layer. A fourth step, a fifth step of forming a pixel electrode connected to the switching element on the first liquid crystal layer, and holding a predetermined interval between the pixel electrode and a second common electrode; After the space is substantially empty, the vacuum is broken and the space A sixth step of holding the serial liquid crystal solution, the light is irradiated from the second substrate side, the liquid crystal resin in the solution is cured, the second cause phase separation between the liquid crystal component and a resin component
And a seventh step for forming a liquid crystal layer. 48. The method according to claim 48, wherein the intensity of applying light or heat to the liquid crystal solution in the second step is different from the intensity of applying light or heat to the liquid crystal solution in the seventh step. A method for manufacturing a display panel according to claim 46 or 47. 49. A semiconductor device comprising: switching elements arranged or formed in a matrix; a gate signal line; and a source signal line, wherein the gate signal line and the source signal line are formed substantially in parallel. Display panel to feature. 50. A switching element disposed or formed in a matrix, a gate signal line, a source signal line, and a first common electrode, and the gate signal line and the source signal line are substantially arranged. A first substrate formed in parallel, a second substrate formed with a second common electrode, and a first substrate sandwiched between the pixel electrode and the first common electrode.
And a second liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pixel electrode and the second common electrode.
And a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer. 51. The average particle diameter of the liquid crystal droplets or the average pore diameter of the polymer in the first polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer is smaller than the average particle diameter of the liquid crystal liquid droplets or the average pore diameter of the polymer in the second polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer. The display panel according to claim 50, wherein the display panel is different from the display panel. 52. The display panel according to claim 50, wherein a dye or a pigment is added to one of the first polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer and the second polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer. 53. An interface between an electrode and a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer,
The display panel according to claim 50, wherein an insulating film having a resistance higher than the specific resistance of the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal is formed. 54. A first pixel electrode arranged in a matrix, a second pixel electrode arranged in a matrix, a common electrode, and a common electrode formed between the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode. A first polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer, and a second layer formed between the second pixel electrode and the common electrode.
And a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer. 55. A first pixel electrode arranged in a matrix, a first common electrode, a second common electrode, and a first pixel electrode formed between the first common electrode and the first pixel electrode. A second polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer, a second polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer formed between the second common electrode and the first pixel electrode, and wherein the first common electrode and the second Wherein the common electrode is electrically connected to the display panel. 56. The mean particle size of the water-drop liquid crystal or the mean pore size of the polymer in the first polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer is the mean particle size of the water-drop liquid crystal or the mean pore size of the polymer in the second polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer The display panel according to claim 54, wherein the display panel is different from the display panel. 57. The display panel according to claim 54, wherein a dye or a pigment is added to one of the first polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer and the second polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer. . 58. An interface between the electrode and the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer,
56. The display panel according to claim 54, wherein an insulating film having a resistance higher than the specific resistance of the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal is formed. 59. A display panel according to claim 27, wherein: a light generating means; a light separating means for separating light emitted by the light generating means into a first optical path and a second optical path; A first optical unit that causes the light of the display panel to enter from the first substrate side of the display panel; a second optical unit that causes the light of the second optical path to enter from the second substrate side of the display panel; A projection display device comprising: first projection means for projecting light emitted from a first substrate side; and second projection means for projecting light emitted from the second substrate side. . 60. A light generating means; a display panel according to claim 40; a transparent member connected to at least one of a light incident side and a light emitting side of the display panel via a light coupling layer; A projection display device comprising: an optical unit that guides light emitted by a generation unit to the display panel; and a projection unit that projects light modulated by the display panel. 61. A video camera comprising: a light generating unit; a display panel according to claim 38; an angle changing unit that can change an attachment angle of the display panel; and a photographing unit. 62. A light generating means, a display panel according to claim 40, a light condensing means for converting light emitted by said light generating means into substantially parallel light to be incident on said display panel, and A viewfinder, comprising: a magnifying means for magnifying a display image to an observer. 63. A light generating means, and a display panel according to claim 1 or 4 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 23 or 27 or 29 or 38 or 40 or 49 or 54 or 55. Display device. 64. The light generating means, the display panel according to claim 1 or 4 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 23 or 27 or 29 or 38 or 40 or 49 or 54 or 55; the light generating means and the display A display device comprising: a first polarizing means disposed between panels; and a second polarizing means disposed on a light emitting surface of the display panel. 65. A light generating means, the display panel according to claim 1 or 4 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 23 or 27 or 29 or 38 or 40 or 49 or 54 or 55; and the light generating means emits light. A projection display device comprising: an optical unit that guides light to the display panel; and a projection unit that projects light modulated by the display panel. 66. A light generating means having a luminous body, the display panel according to claim 1 or 4 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 23 or 27 or 29 or 38 or 40 or 49 or 54 or 55; Secondary light emitter forming means for converging and converging light radiated by the light emitting device to form a secondary light emitter, projecting means for projecting an optical image formed by the display panel, and disposed on a light incident side of the display panel. A first stop means provided on the light emitting side of the display panel, and a second stop means disposed on a light emission side of the display panel, wherein the display panel is illuminated with light emitted from the secondary luminous body; And the second aperture means are substantially conjugated with each other, and the first aperture means has an aperture shape mainly for selectively passing light passing through the effective area of the secondary luminous body. And, said second throttle means in the liquid crystal layer is a light transmissive state of the display panel, a projection display device characterized by having an opening shape that allowed to selectively pass the light which has passed through the first aperture. 67. The projection type display device according to claim 66, wherein the first aperture means is arranged near the secondary luminous body. 68. A secondary illuminant forming means for forming a plurality of secondary illuminants discretely located, a first aperture means and a second
67. The projection type display device according to claim 66, wherein at least one of the aperture means has a plurality of discretely located openings. 69. The projection type display device according to claim 66, wherein the F-number of the projection means is substantially 5 or more and 9 or less. 70. A sheet supply means for supplying a release sheet, a sheet storage means for storing the release sheet, and a mixture of uncured resin and liquid crystal mixed between the release sheet and the first substrate. A solution supply unit for supplying a solution; a pressure application unit for applying a pressure between the release sheet holding the mixed solution and the first substrate; and irradiating the mixed solution to which the pressure has been applied with light. And a light irradiation means for curing the uncured resin to phase-separate the resin and liquid crystal. 71. A method according to claim 70, wherein said pressure means is vibrated by ultrasonic waves. 72. The light irradiation means includes a first laser light generation means and a second laser light generation means, wherein a wavelength of the first laser light is different from a wavelength of the second laser light. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display panel according to claim 70, characterized in that: 73. The liquid crystal display panel manufacturing apparatus according to claim 70, wherein the light emitted from the light irradiating means is applied to the mixed solution via a mask. 74. A sheet supply unit for supplying a release sheet, a sheet storage unit for sequentially storing the release sheet, and an uncured resin and a liquid crystal between the release sheet and the first substrate. Solution supply means for supplying the mixed solution, pressure applying means for applying pressure between the release sheet holding the mixed solution and the first substrate, and irradiating the mixed solution with light in a spot shape A liquid light display panel comprising: a first light irradiating unit for irradiating the mixed solution with light; and a second light irradiating unit for phase-separating a resin component and a liquid crystal component of the mixed solution. Manufacturing equipment. 75. A first substrate, a release means, and a mixed solution obtained by mixing an uncured resin and a liquid crystal are prepared, and the mixed solution is provided between the first substrate and the release means. A first step of disposing the mixed solution; a second step of forming the mixed solution into a predetermined thickness by ultrasonic vibration; and irradiating the mixed solution having the predetermined thickness with light to form a liquid crystal component and a resin component. And a third step of performing phase separation. 76. After the second step, before the third step, a step of irradiating light to an area through which light effective for image display does not pass to cure the resin component of the mixed solution is performed. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display panel according to claim 75. 77. A first substrate having pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix, having a first surface and a second surface, wherein the opening on the second surface is larger than the opening area on the first surface. The opening is provided with a second substrate formed so as to correspond to each of the pixel electrodes, wherein the first substrate and the second surface of the second substrate are close to each other; A liquid crystal display panel, wherein the liquid crystal display panel is disposed in a liquid crystal display panel. 78. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 77, wherein a reflection means is formed or arranged between the opening on the first surface and the second opening. 79. When the amplitude value of the video signal within a predetermined period from the start of the image display area is equal to or more than a first predetermined value, a video signal having an amplitude equal to or more than a second predetermined value is added to the video signal before the start. A method for driving a display panel, which comprises superimposing. 80. A driving circuit for a liquid crystal display panel,
First arithmetic means for calculating an amplitude value of a video signal within a predetermined period from the start of the image display area; and when the arithmetic result of the arithmetic means is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold, A liquid crystal display panel driving circuit, comprising: signal applying means for outputting a voltage having a predetermined amplitude or more to a video signal line supplied to a source signal line.