JPH11226811A - Machining method and working machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently machine a machining portion of a work. SOLUTION: In a first moving process, an end mill EM and a work W are so relatively moved that the end mill EM is linearly moved from a point A on substantially the widthwise center of a portion to be machined, to a point B on one side in the widthwise direction. In a second moving process, the end mill EM and the work W are so relatively moved that the end mill EM is substantially arcuately moved from the point B to a point D on the other side in the widthwise direction. In a third process, the end mill EM and the work W are so relatively moved that the end mill EM is moved from the point D to a point E on substantially the widthwise center line and dislocated in a prescribed amount from the point A. The first, second, third processes are repeated to machine the work W.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a processing method and a processing machine for processing a work using a rotary tool. For example, the present invention relates to a processing method and a processing machine for processing a concave or convex portion having a predetermined shape in a mold material using an end mill.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, when a concave portion, for example, an annular groove 101 shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B is machined on a work using a rotary tool such as an end mill, first, an end mill is formed along the inner periphery of the annular groove 101. Processing while moving EM, then
The end mill EM is moved to the outside in the width direction of the annular groove 101 by a predetermined amount, and processing is performed while moving the end mill EM along the annular groove 101 again from that position. In this way, the same operation is repeated while gradually moving the end mill EM outward. The method of processing while was adopted.

[0003] When the surface of a workpiece is machined using a rotary tool such as an end mill, for example, when the triangular surface portion 102 shown in FIG. 10 is machined uniformly, the end mill EM is first set along the outermost peripheral edge. Is moved, and then the end mill EM is moved inward by a predetermined amount, and is moved again from that position in parallel with the outer peripheral edge of the triangular surface portion 102. In this manner, the end mill EM is processed.
The method has been adopted in which the same operation is repeated while gradually moving inward to process.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In the conventional processing method,
In the processing of the annular groove 101 shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B and the processing of the triangular surface portion 102 shown in FIG.
After moving the end mill EM along the shape of the annular groove 101 or the triangular surface portion 102, the end mill EM must be moved outside or inside by a predetermined amount, and moved from that position in parallel with the previous movement path. There is a problem that it takes time to set the movement path of the end mill EM, and the processing efficiency is poor.

[0005] In particular, when the end mill EM having a diameter slightly smaller than the groove width is used to cut a groove having a predetermined depth or a depth corresponding to the tool blade length at a time, the cut speed is increased. In addition, there is a problem that the tool is severely damaged because the cutting load cannot be increased and the cutting load is extremely large. Alternatively, if the same tool is used to reduce the axial cutting depth and move along the processing shape, then give the same cutting depth in the axial direction and repeat the same processing, the cutting load will decrease, so the feed rate Can be taken higher. However, since the same processing must be repeated, the wear of the tool is remarkable. In particular, the flat end mill has a problem that the corner of the tool is significantly worn, and the ball end mill has a problem that the bottom of the tool is significantly worn.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve such a problem, and a machining method capable of efficiently machining a machining portion of a work and reducing damage and wear of a tool as compared with the conventional art. And processing machines.

[0007]

According to the present invention, there is provided a machining method for machining a workpiece by using a rotary tool to achieve the above object. A first moving step of relatively moving the rotating tool and the workpiece so as to move obliquely and substantially linearly with respect to the width direction center line from the first position to a second position on one side in the width direction; A second moving step of relatively moving the rotary tool and the work such that the rotary tool moves substantially arcuately from the second position to a third position on the other side in the width direction; And moving the rotary tool and the work relative to each other obliquely and substantially linearly with respect to the width direction center line from the first position to a fourth position displaced from the first position by a predetermined amount. 3 moving steps; Dynamic process, the second moving step and the third
Is characterized in that the work is machined while the rotary tool and the work are relatively moved along a relative movement path parallel to the relative movement path of the preceding steps while repeating the moving step.

A processing machine according to the present invention includes a machine main body having a table on which a work is set and a spindle head having a rotary tool which are relatively movable, and control means for controlling driving of the machine main body. Means for rotating the rotary tool obliquely and substantially linearly with respect to the center line in the width direction from a first position in the width direction substantially at the center of the workpiece processing portion to a second position on one side in the width direction; And a first moving step of relatively moving the rotary tool and the work relative to each other such that the rotary tool relatively moves from the second position to a third position on the other side in the width direction. (2) moving the rotary tool from the third position to the width direction center line at a substantially center in the width direction and from the first position to a fourth position shifted by a predetermined amount in the width direction center line direction. Diagonally and almost straight A rotary tool and the workpiece so as move and a third movement step of relatively moving these first
Means for processing the workpiece while relatively moving the rotary tool and the workpiece along a relative movement path parallel to the relative movement path of each previous step while repeating the moving step, the second moving step, and the third moving step. It is characterized by including.

Here, between the first moving step and the second moving step, and between the second moving step and the third moving step, an arc moving step for connecting these relative moving paths by an arc. It is desirable to have. Further, the work processing portion is not particularly limited, but a surface portion having a groove or a triangular shape is suitable. The rotating tool and the work may be relatively movable in a two-dimensional direction, but are preferably configured to be relatively movable in a three-dimensional direction (X, Y, and Z axis directions orthogonal to each other). The rotating tool is, for example, an end mill or a milling cutter.

According to such a configuration, when the first moving step, the second moving step, and the third moving step are executed, the rotary tool is moved to the first position substantially at the center of the workpiece processing portion in the width direction. , The rotary tool and the work are relatively moved so as to move substantially linearly to a second position on one side in the width direction, and then the rotary tool is substantially arcuate from the second position to a third position on the other side in the width direction. The rotating tool and the workpiece are relatively moved so as to move, and then the rotating tool is moved from the third position to a fourth position on the substantially center line in the width direction and shifted by a predetermined amount from the first position, By this repetition, the workpiece processing portion is sequentially processed.

Therefore, the workpiece can be machined only by repeating the first moving step, the second moving step and the third moving step, so that the relative moving path between the rotary tool and the work can be set. The processing can be performed easily and in a short time, and the processing portion of the work can be efficiently processed. Moreover, if machining is performed in such a relative movement path, the cutting load can be suppressed low, so that the feed speed can be increased, and the depth equivalent to the blade length of the tool can be machined at one time. Efficient machining can be performed. In addition, this can reduce damage and wear of the tool as compared with the related art.

Another working method of the present invention is a working method for working a workpiece using a rotary tool, wherein the rotary tool is turned from a substantially center position of a workpiece processing portion and gradually moves outward. The method is characterized in that, after the rotary tool and the workpiece are relatively moved to machine the central part of the workpiece machining area, the remaining part outside the workpiece machining area is machined. Here, an Archimedes spiral is preferable as a moving path of the rotary tool when processing the center portion of the workpiece processing portion. According to such a configuration, the rotating tool and the workpiece are relatively moved so that the rotating tool moves outward while turning, and after the center portion of the workpiece machining area is machined, the remaining portion outside the machining area is machined. Since the part is processed, the processing of the corner part can be reduced. Therefore, efficient processing can be expected.

[0013]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS One embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a processing machine to which the processing method of the present invention is applied. As shown in FIG. 1, the processing machine according to the present embodiment is a machine tool controlled by an NC device, and includes a base 1, a machine main body 11 installed on the base 1, and a machine main body 11. An NC device 41 is provided as control means for controlling driving.

The machine body 11 includes a bed 12 mounted on the upper surface of the base 1 via a leveler or the like, and a table 13 provided on the upper surface of the bed 12 so as to be movable in the front-rear direction (Y-axis direction). A pair of columns 14 and 15 erected on both sides of the bed 12;
A cross rail 16 spanned between the upper parts of the four and fifteen,
A slider 17 provided movably in the left-right direction (X-axis direction) along the cross rail 16;
7 is provided so as to be able to move up and down in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction), and is provided so as to cover the front part between the columns 14 and 15 so that the inside is transparent and the upper end is used as a fulcrum to open and close in the vertical direction. And a possible splash guard 19.

The bed 12 is provided with a guide (not shown) for guiding the table 13 and a Y-axis drive mechanism 21 for moving the table 13 in the Y-axis direction. As the Y-axis drive mechanism 21, a feed screw mechanism including a motor and a feed screw shaft rotated by the motor is used. Each of the columns 14 and 15 is formed in a substantially triangular shape in which a side surface shape is wider at a lower portion than at an upper portion. Thus, since the lower portion has a stable structure, even if the spindle head 18 rotates at a high speed, generation of vibration can be reduced.

The cross rail 16 is provided with two guide rails 23 for movably guiding the slider 17 and an X-axis drive mechanism 24 for moving the slider 17 in the X-axis direction. I have. The slider 17 is provided with a guide (not shown) for guiding the spindle head 18 in the Z-axis direction and a Z-axis drive mechanism 25 for moving the spindle head 18 up and down in the Z-axis direction. As for the drive mechanisms 24 and 25, similarly to the Y-axis drive mechanism 21, a feed screw mechanism including a motor and a feed screw shaft rotated by the motor is used.

As shown in FIG. 2, the spindle head 18 comprises an air bearing spindle head. That is, a housing 31 is provided on the cross rail 16 so as to be able to move up and down and is moved up and down by the Z-axis drive mechanism 25, and the housing 31 has air bearings 32, 33,
A main shaft 35 rotatably supported through the main shaft 34 and parallel to the Z-axis direction and having a flange 35A in the middle thereof;
And an air bearing spindle head provided with a motor 36 for rotating the motor. Thus, the main shaft 35 can rotate at a high speed of 30,000 to 50,000 rpm.

On the inner peripheral surface of each of the air bearings 32, 33, 34, a plurality of outlets 37 for blowing air toward the main shaft 35 from a direction perpendicular to the axis are formed. A radial bearing for supporting the main shaft 35 in the radial direction is formed by the air jetted from each of the outlets 37. A plurality of outlets 38 for ejecting air toward the flange 35A of the main shaft 35 are formed on the axial end faces of the air bearings 33 and 34 facing each other. A thrust bearing for supporting the main shaft 35 in the thrust direction by the air jetted from each of the outlets 38 is formed. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 39 denotes an air supply passage for supplying high-pressure air to each of the outlets 37 and 38, 40 denotes an exhaust passage, and T denotes a rotary tool such as an end mill.

The NC device 41 is, as shown in FIG.
An arithmetic control unit 42 is provided. The arithmetic control unit 42 includes, in addition to an input unit 43 and a program storage unit 44 for storing programs and the like input through the input unit 43, the drive mechanisms 24, 21, and 25 and the spindle head 1
8 are connected. Here, when machining a concave portion or the like in a workpiece according to a program set and stored in advance in the program storage unit 44, the arithmetic control unit 42 performs the rotation tool T (here, the end mill EM) and a means for relatively moving the work W.

More specifically, as shown in FIG. 4A, the end mill EM is moved from the point A as the first position substantially at the center of the workpiece processing portion 103 in the width direction to the second position on one side in the width direction. A first moving step of relatively moving the end mill EM and the work W so as to move obliquely and substantially linearly with respect to the center line in the width direction up to the point B, A second movement step of relatively moving the end mill EM and the work W so as to move substantially in an arc to the point D, and a predetermined amount (cutting amount) from the point D on the widthwise center line and from the point A. A) a third moving step of relatively moving the end mill EM and the work W so that the end mill EM and the work W move obliquely and substantially linearly with respect to the center line in the width direction up to a point E as a shifted fourth position; Moving process, second moving Repeating steps and a third transfer step, is configured to include a means for processing a workpiece W while relatively moving the end mill EM and the workpiece W in the previous parallel relative movement path and the relative path of movement of each step.

Here, assuming that the coordinates of the starting point are (Xs, Ys), the width of the machined portion 103 is I, the diameter of the end mill EM is d, and the cutting amount is k, the coordinates of points A, B, C, D, and E Is expressed as follows. A (Xs-I / 2, Ys) B (Xs-d / 2, Ys-I / 2 + d / 2) C (Xs-d / 2 + k, Ys) D (Xs-d / 2, Ys + I / 2-d / 2) E (Xs-I / 2 + k, Ys)

Accordingly, in response to a command from the NC device 41, the end mill EM is first commanded to move linearly from the point A to the point B. Subsequently, a command is issued to move in an arc from point B to point D. At this time, it is instructed to move in an arc passing through points B, C and D. Finally, a command is issued to move from point D to point E. This is repeated as one cycle. Note that as shown in FIG. 4B, these relative movement paths are provided between the first movement step and the second movement step and between the second movement step and the third movement step. An arc moving step of connecting arcs with a radius j may be provided.

By repeatedly executing each step,
Processing of grooves and surface parts of the work can be performed efficiently. For example, in the case of processing the straight groove 104 as shown in FIG. 5 or in the case of the arc groove 105 as shown in FIG. 6, the processing can be efficiently performed by repeating the first to third moving steps. Further, as shown in FIG. 7, even when the triangular surface portion 106 of the work in which the width dimension changes (narrows) is uniformly cut, the first to third moving steps are repeated to improve the efficiency. Can be processed.

Therefore, according to the present embodiment, when the first moving step, the second moving step, and the third moving step are performed, the end mill EM is moved from the point A substantially at the center in the width direction of the workpiece processing portion. The end mill EM and the workpiece are relatively moved so as to move substantially linearly to a point B on one side in the width direction, and then the end mill EM is moved so as to move substantially circularly from the point B to a point D on the other side in the width direction. The workpiece is relatively moved, and finally, the end mill EM is moved from the point D to a point substantially on the center line in the width direction and to the point E shifted from the point A by a predetermined amount. In other words, since the work processing part can be processed only by repeating the first moving step, the second moving step, and the third moving step, the setting of the relative moving path between the end mill EM and the work W is set. Simple, and can be performed in a short time, it can be processed machined portion of the workpiece efficiently.

Further, since the workpiece is machined along such a relative movement path, the cutting load can be suppressed low, so that the feed speed can be increased and the cutting length of the tool (end mill EM) can be reduced. Since the depth can be processed at a time, efficient processing can be performed. In addition, this can reduce damage and wear of the tool as compared with the related art.

Further, between the first moving step and the second moving step and between the second moving step and the third moving step,
By providing an arc moving step of connecting these relative moving paths with an arc, the relative movement between the end mill EM and the work can be made smooth.

The spindle head 18 is connected to the main shaft 35.
Is an air bearing spindle head rotatably supported by air bearings 32, 33, and 34. In other words, with the air bearing spindle head, high-precision high-speed rotation can be obtained, so that machining can be efficiently performed at a large cutting feed rate. Can be done.

In the above-described embodiment, the processing method shown in FIG. 7 is used for processing the triangular surface portion 106. However, a processing method shown in FIG. 8 may be used separately. First, the end mill EM and the workpiece W are relatively moved so that the end mill EM moves gradually and outwardly from the substantially center position of the workpiece processing portion, specifically, so as to follow an Archimedes spiral locus. While moving, the center part of the processing part is processed. Next, the remaining portion outside the processing portion is processed.

In this way, the end mill EM and the workpiece W are relatively moved so that the end mill EM follows the path of the Archimedes spiral, and the center portion of the workpiece processing portion is processed. Is processed, the processing of the corner portion can be reduced. Therefore, efficient processing can be expected.

In the above embodiment, the spindle head 18 is moved in the X and Z directions, and the table 13 is moved in the Y direction.
Although the configuration is such that the rotary tool T and the workpiece W are relatively movable in the three-dimensional direction (X, Y, Z axis directions), the configuration is not limited to this, and any configuration may be used. Further, the spindle head 18 is an air bearing spindle head in which the main shaft is rotatably supported by an air bearing, but is not necessarily limited to this. A spindle head in which the main shaft is rotatably supported by a ball bearing or the like may be used.

[0031]

According to the working method and the working machine of the present invention, the working part of the work can be worked efficiently.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of a processing machine according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a spindle head according to the embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an NC device and a drive system in the embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a movement trajectory of the rotary tool during machining in the embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a moving path of a tool when a straight groove is machined in the embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a moving path of a tool when machining an arc groove in the embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a movement path of a tool when machining a triangular surface in the embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a moving path of a tool when processing a triangular surface portion in the embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a movement trajectory of a conventional rotary tool during processing (during groove processing).

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a movement trajectory of a conventional rotary tool at the time of machining (at the time of machining a triangular surface portion).

[Explanation of symbols]

 11 Machine body 13 Table 18 Spindle head 41 NC device (Control means) W Workpiece T Rotating tool EM End mill (Rotating tool)

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continuing from the front page (72) Inventor Toshihiro Ueda 1-1120 Komamon, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka Pref.

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A processing method for processing a workpiece using a rotary tool, wherein the rotary tool has a width from a first position substantially at the center in the width direction of a workpiece processing portion to a second position on one side in the width direction. Moving the rotary tool and the workpiece relative to each other so as to move obliquely and substantially linearly with respect to the center line in the direction, and moving the rotary tool from the second position to a third position on the other side in the width direction from the second position. A second moving step of relatively moving the rotary tool and the work so as to move substantially in an arc, and the rotary tool is shifted from the third position by a predetermined amount on the width-direction center line and from the first position. A third movement step of relatively moving the rotary tool and the work so as to move obliquely and substantially linearly with respect to the width-direction center line to a fourth position, wherein the first movement step and the second movement step are performed. While repeating the moving step and the third moving step , Processing method characterized by machining the workpiece while relatively moving the rotary tool and the work front in parallel relative movement path and the relative path of movement of each step. 2. The processing method according to claim 1, wherein the workpiece processing portion is a groove. 3. The processing method according to claim 1, wherein the work processing part is a surface part whose width dimension changes gradually. 4. The processing method according to claim 1, wherein the first movement step and the second movement step are performed between the first movement step and the second movement step.
A machining method comprising, between the moving step (3) and the third moving step, an arc moving step of connecting these relative moving paths by an arc. 5. A processing method for processing a workpiece using a rotary tool, comprising: rotating the rotary tool relative to the workpiece such that the rotary tool pivots from a substantially center position of a workpiece processing portion and gradually moves outward; A machining method comprising: moving the workpiece to process a central portion of the workpiece processing portion, and then processing the remaining portion outside the workpiece processing portion. 6. A machine main body configured to relatively move a table on which a work is set and a spindle head having a rotary tool, and control means for controlling driving of the machine main body; The rotary tool and the workpiece are moved relative to each other so that the tool moves obliquely and substantially linearly with respect to the center line in the width direction from a first position substantially at the center in the width direction of the workpiece processing portion to a second position on one side in the width direction. A first moving step of moving, and a second moving step of relatively moving the rotary tool and the work such that the rotary tool moves substantially circularly from the second position to a third position on the other side in the width direction. The rotary tool is substantially oblique to the width direction center line from the third position to a fourth position displaced from the first position by a predetermined amount in the width direction center line direction and obliquely to the width direction center line. Turn to move in a substantially straight line A third movement step of relatively moving the tool and the work, and while repeating the first movement step, the second movement step, and the third movement step, the third movement step is parallel to the relative movement path of the previous step. A processing machine comprising means for processing a workpiece while relatively moving a rotary tool and a workpiece along a relative movement path.