JPH11184165A - Electrostatic charge image developing toner and its production - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrostatic charge image developing toner based on a polymer toner which shows excellent stability of liquid drops of the polymerizable monomer compsn. during polymn. and which shows good negative charge electrification property, excellent environmental stability of charge amt., environmental stability of image quality and storage property, and to provide its producing method. SOLUTION: In the producing method, the electrostatic charge image developing toner is produced by suspension polymn. of a polymerizable monomer compsn. containing at least a coloring agent, polymerizable monomer and charge controlling agent. The charge controlling agent has the following features. (1) The agent is prepared by copolymn. of vinyl aromatic hydrocarbons, (meth) acrylate and sulfonic acid group-contg. (meth)acrylamide. (2) The copolymn. proportion of the sulfonic acid group-contg. (meth)acrylamide is 0.1 to 1.8 wt.%. (3) The agent contains 1 to 10 pts.wt. of the sulfonic acid group-contg. copolymer having 2000 to 15000 weight average mol.wt. calculated as polystyrene measured by gel permeation chromatography using tetrahydrofuran to 100 pts.wt. of the polymerizable monomer.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a toner for developing an electrostatic image, and more particularly to a toner for developing an electrostatic image obtained by a polymerization method. Excellent drop stability (granulation stability), good negative chargeability, excellent environmental stability of charge amount, relatively low fixing temperature, excellent fluidity and preservability, and environmental changes The present invention relates to a toner for developing an electrostatic image capable of maintaining a high image quality of monochrome or color with a small change in the charge amount due to continuous printing or continuous printing, and a method of manufacturing the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, in an image forming apparatus such as an electrophotographic apparatus or an electrostatic recording apparatus, an electrostatic latent image is formed by performing image exposure on a uniformly and uniformly charged photoconductor. A developer (toner) is attached to the electrostatic latent image to form a toner image (visible image), the toner image is transferred onto a transfer material such as transfer paper, and then the unfixed toner image is heated, pressed, The image is fixed on the transfer material by various methods such as solvent vapor. In the fixing step, in many cases, a transfer material on which a toner image has been transferred is passed between a heating roll (fixing roll) and a pressure roll, and the toner is heated and pressed to be fused on the transfer material.

In electrophotography and electrostatic recording, a developer for visualizing an electrostatic latent image (electrostatic image) consists of a two-component developer composed of toner and carrier particles, and substantially only toner. And one-component developers that do not use carrier particles. The one-component developer includes a magnetic one-component developer containing magnetic powder and a non-magnetic one-component developer containing no magnetic powder. In non-magnetic one-component developers, a fluidizing agent such as colloidal silica is often independently added in order to enhance the fluidity of the toner. Colored particles obtained by dispersing a colorant such as carbon black and other additives in a binder resin and granulating the toner are used as the toner.

[0004] Toner production methods are roughly classified into a pulverization method and a polymerization method. In the pulverization method, a toner is obtained by melt-mixing a synthetic resin, a colorant, and other additives as necessary, pulverizing, and then classifying so as to obtain particles having a desired particle size. In the polymerization method, a polymerizable monomer composition containing a colorant and a polymerizable monomer, and optionally dissolving or dispersing various additives such as a polymerization initiator, a cross-linking agent, and a charge control agent, as necessary. And then dispersed in an aqueous dispersion medium containing a dispersion stabilizer using a stirrer to form fine droplets (oil droplets) of the polymerizable monomer composition. The suspension is subjected to suspension polymerization to obtain colored polymer particles (polymerized toner) having a desired particle size.

[0005] An image formed by an image forming apparatus such as an electrophotographic copying machine is required to have higher definition year by year. Conventionally, as a toner used in an image forming apparatus, a toner obtained by a pulverizing method has been mainly used. According to the pulverization method, colored particles having a wide particle size distribution are easily formed. Therefore, in order to obtain satisfactory development characteristics, it is necessary to classify the pulverized product to adjust the particle size distribution to a certain degree. However, the classification itself is complicated and the yield is poor.
The toner yield is greatly reduced. Therefore, in recent years, polymerized toners that can be easily controlled in particle size and do not need to go through complicated manufacturing processes such as classification have been attracting attention. According to the polymerization method, a polymerized toner having a desired particle size and particle size distribution can be obtained without performing pulverization or classification.

Further, in an image forming method and an image forming apparatus based on an electrophotographic method or an electrostatic recording method, there is a demand for downsizing of the apparatus, full color printing, high-speed copying and printing, and the like. In a conventional developing method using a two-component developer (two-component developing method), a charge is applied to the toner by frictional charging between the toner and carrier particles, and the toner makes the electrostatic latent image visible. However, the two-component developing method requires a large amount of carrier particles in addition to the toner, which limits the miniaturization of the apparatus, and further requires a control mechanism for maintaining the toner and the carrier particles at a predetermined ratio. Therefore, the cost is high. In a developing method using a magnetic one-component developer (magnetic one-component developing method), a toner containing a magnetic powder can be forcibly stirred and charged by a magnetic force, and carrier particles are not required. Miniaturization is possible. However, since the magnetic one-component developer contains a large amount of magnetic powder having a small electric resistance, it is difficult to increase the charge amount, and the toner becomes black, which is the color of the magnetic powder. It is difficult to colorize.

On the other hand, the non-magnetic one-component developer is a colored polymer particle containing no magnetic powder, and therefore has a high electric resistance and does not require carrier particles. In addition, the non-magnetic one-component developer can be obtained not only by a pulverization method but also by a polymerization method. Therefore, a non-magnetic one-component developer based on a polymerized toner is expected as a developer suitable for image definition, full color, high-speed copying and printing, downsizing of an apparatus, and the like. In recent years, with the speeding up of copying and printing, photoconductors made of selenium-based or amorphous photoconductive materials have been used in electrophotographic copying machines, and laminating type Is used. As a developer that visualizes the electrostatic latent image on the photoconductor by electrostatic attraction, a high-performance negatively charged polymerized toner is required.

However, conventional polymerized toners have not been able to adequately meet these requirements. That is, in a developing method using a non-magnetic one-component developer (non-magnetic one-component developing method), a friction between the toner and the developing roll or the developing blade is generated in a process of forming a thin layer of the toner on the developing roll. Since the electrostatic latent image is visualized with the toner by charging the toner by the charging, if the fluidity of the toner is low, the supply of the toner becomes insufficient, and the image is blurred or the image density is reduced. . Non-magnetic one-component developer
Unlike two-component developers and magnetic one-component developers that use carrier particles such as iron powder, they cannot be forcibly moved due to the magnetic properties of the magnetic roll. Occurs. Further, in the non-magnetic one-component developing system, since charge is applied to the toner by frictional charging, if the chargeability of the toner is low, fogging is likely to occur. However, it has been extremely difficult to improve both the fluidity and the chargeability of a conventional polymerized toner.

In a non-magnetic one-component developer, the chargeability of a toner is low only by frictional charging, and therefore, a charge control agent is usually contained. As the charge control agent, for example, a metal complex dye, a nigrosine dye, a quaternary ammonium salt, a polyamine resin and the like are used. In the case of a toner obtained by a pulverization method, in a manufacturing process thereof, these charge control agents are melt-kneaded in a thermoplastic resin, and pulverized and classified, whereby a toner having improved chargeability can be obtained. However, the toner obtained by the pulverization method has a problem that the particle size distribution is wide and spherical particles having a uniform surface cannot be obtained. On the other hand, in order to include these charge control agents in the polymerized toner, it is necessary to include the charge control agent in the polymerizable monomer. However, these charge control agents are difficult to dispose on the surface of the droplets of the polymerizable monomer composition in the aqueous dispersion medium, and are easily buried in the polymerized toner to be produced. To obtain an amount, it is necessary to add a large amount of a charge control agent. However, many of the charge control agents cannot inhibit the polymerization reaction by their polar groups or are hardly soluble in the polymerizable monomer, so that they cannot be added in large amounts. Therefore, it has been difficult to obtain a polymerized toner having satisfactory chargeability by the polymerization method.

Hitherto, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, several proposals have been made for developers using various charge control agents. JP-A-56-35142 proposes an electrophotographic printing toner containing a chromium complex organic dye having a negative charge as a coloring component. According to the publication, the inclusion of the chromium complex-based organic dye in the toner causes the toner to be colored deep black and obtains a very large negative charge. It is described that there is no need to supplement the charge of The publication discloses a method for producing a toner, a method in which a resin and the chromium complex organic dye are melt-mixed and then pulverized (pulverization method), and a method in which a polymerization initiator and the chromium complex organic dye are added to a synthetic resin monomer. A method (polymerization method) of subjecting the added mixture to suspension polymerization in water is disclosed. However, the chromium complex organic dye is
Since the toner is colored deep black, it is not suitable as a charge control agent or a colorant for a color toner. In addition, the chromium complex organic dye inhibits the monomer mixture from forming stable droplets in an aqueous dispersion medium, so that it is difficult to obtain a toner having a uniform particle size by a polymerization method. Further, the publication discloses that carrier particles are used in combination when a toner containing the chromium complex-based organic dye is used for electrophotographic printing.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 1-217664 discloses that a polymerizable composition comprising a polymerizable monomer, an initiator and a colorant contains, as a charge control agent, a —SO ₃ X group (where X is
A method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic image, which contains a copolymer containing a water-soluble monomer having hydrogen, sodium, potassium, and calcium elements as constituents and performs suspension polymerization, is described. The publication states that the copolymerization ratio of the water-soluble monomer having a —SO ₃ X group is preferably in the range of 10 to 30% by weight.
2 is a styrene / sodium styrene sulfonate having a weight average molecular weight of 2,400 (weight ratio: 90: 1).
0) Copolymer (Example 1) with weight average molecular weight of 2,60
An example is shown in which a toner was produced by a suspension polymerization method using a styrene / sodium styrene sulfonate (weight ratio 80:20) copolymer (Example 2). However, when the copolymerization ratio of the —SO ₃ X group-containing water-soluble monomer is so large, the dispersion stability of the polymerizable monomer composition droplets in the aqueous dispersion medium is impaired, and the It is difficult to obtain a toner having a particle size. When publication specifically be contained in the toner for developing an electrostatic image by the disclosed -SO ₃ are X group-containing copolymer suspension polymerization method, to lower the fixing temperature of the resulting toner, the copying and printing It is difficult to achieve high speed. In the examples of this publication, it is shown that a known charge control agent is used in combination. Of the polymerizable monomer composition, and it becomes difficult to obtain a polymerized toner having a uniform particle size. Further, the examples of the publication describe that the toner is mixed with a ferrite carrier to form a developer.

JP-A-3-15858 discloses a polymerization toner obtained by suspension-polymerizing a polymerizable monomer containing at least a polar substance and a release agent in water, wherein the polar substance is styrene and And / or a polymerization method wherein the copolymerization ratio of α-methylstyrene and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid is 98: 2 to 80:20 and the weight average molecular weight is 2,000 to 15,000. A toner is disclosed. An example of the publication discloses an example in which a polymerization method toner is obtained by using a styrene / 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (weight ratio: 95: 5) copolymer. Similarly, JP-A-3-243
No. 954 discloses an electrostatic image in which a colorant is dispersed in a polymerizable monomer in the presence of a sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer and then subjected to suspension polymerization in a suspension medium containing an inorganic dispersant. A method for producing a developing toner is disclosed. In this publication, the copolymer having a styrene-based monomer / sulfonate-group-containing monomer having a copolymerization ratio (weight ratio) of 9 as a sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer is 9%.
8: 2 to 80:20, preferably 95: 5 to 87:13
The use of a copolymer is described. However, when a copolymer having such a large copolymerization ratio of the sulfonic acid group-containing monomer is used, the dispersion stability of the droplets of the polymerizable monomer composition in the aqueous dispersion medium is inhibited, and the uniformity is obtained. It is difficult to obtain a toner having a large particle size. When these sulfonic acid group-containing copolymers are used, it is difficult to lower the fixing temperature of the obtained toner.

Japanese Patent No. 2623684 discloses a negatively chargeable toner comprising at least a thermoplastic resin, a colorant, and a charge control agent, wherein a sulfonic acid group-containing acrylamide monomer and a vinyl monomer are used as charge control agents. A charge control resin in which the acid group-containing acrylamide monomer is copolymerized in a mixing ratio of 1 to 20% by weight, preferably 2 to 19% by weight, more preferably 5 to 19% by weight of the total amount of the monomer, and other than the charge control resin A negatively chargeable toner containing the above charge control agent is disclosed.
According to the publication, as a charge control agent other than the charge control resin,
Although a metal-containing complex oil-soluble dye is shown, when such a metal-containing complex oil-soluble dye is contained in a polymerizable monomer,
The dispersion stability of the droplets of the polymerizable monomer composition in the aqueous dispersion medium is hindered, and it is difficult to obtain a toner having a uniform particle size. Such problems become more remarkable when a charge control resin having a large copolymerization ratio of a sulfonic acid group-containing acrylamide monomer, which is preferable in the publication, is used. Actually, the examples of the publication only show an example of the production of a toner by a pulverization method, but do not show an example of the production of a toner by a suspension polymerization method.

[0014]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a toner for developing an electrostatic image based on a polymerized toner, which has excellent stability of droplets of a polymerizable monomer composition during polymerization. In addition, it is an object of the present invention to provide a toner for developing an electrostatic image, which has good negative chargeability, is excellent in environmental stability of charge amount, and can be colored, and a method for producing the same. The object of the present invention is
An object of the present invention is to provide a toner for electrostatic image development capable of maintaining a high image quality with a small change in the amount of charge due to environmental changes and continuous printing, and a method of manufacturing the same. Another object of the present invention is to provide a toner for developing an electrostatic image, which has a relatively low fixing temperature, and is excellent in fluidity and storage stability, and a method for producing the same.

The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to overcome the above-mentioned problems of the prior art. As a result, the toner for developing an electrostatic image obtained by the polymerization method contains a vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon monomer as a charge controlling agent. It has been found that the above-mentioned object can be achieved by incorporating a sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer obtained by copolymerizing a polymer, a (meth) acrylate monomer and a specific amount of a sulfonic acid group-containing (meth) acrylamide. . When the sulfonic acid group-containing polymer is contained in the polymerizable monomer composition, the stability of the droplets of the polymerizable monomer composition in an aqueous dispersion medium containing a cationic inorganic dispersant is improved. Suspension polymerization can be performed without loss, and the resulting polymerized toner is negatively charged and has a small environmental dependence of the charge amount, and a small change in charge amount due to continuous printing.
Further, the fluidity and the preservability are good, and the fixing temperature can be relatively low. The toner for developing an electrostatic image of the present invention is suitable as a non-magnetic one-component developer. However, if desired, the toner may contain a magnetic powder, and in some cases, may be used in combination with carrier particles. The present invention has been completed based on these findings.

[0016]

According to the present invention, an electrostatic charge image obtained by suspension polymerization of a polymerizable monomer composition containing at least a colorant, a polymerizable monomer, and a charge control agent. In a developing toner, a copolymerization ratio of a sulfonic acid group-containing (meth) acrylamide obtained by copolymerizing a vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon, (meth) acrylate, and a sulfonic acid group-containing (meth) acrylamide as a charge control agent Is 0.1 to 1.8% by weight, and the weight average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene measured by gel permeation chromatography using tetrahydrofuran is 2,000.
A toner for developing an electrostatic image is provided, which contains 0 to 15,000 sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer in a ratio of 1 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of a polymerizable monomer. You.

According to the present invention, at least a colorant, a polymerizable monomer,
And a method for producing a toner for electrostatic image development by suspension polymerization of a polymerizable monomer composition containing a charge control agent,
(A) In the polymerizable monomer composition, as a charge control agent,
The copolymerization ratio of sulfonic acid group-containing (meth) acrylamide obtained by copolymerizing vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon, (meth) acrylate, and sulfonic acid group-containing (meth) acrylamide is 0.1 to 1.8% by weight. A sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer having a weight-average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene of 2,000 to 15,000 as measured by gel permeation chromatography using tetrahydrofuran was added to 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable monomer. 1 to 10 parts by weight, and (b) a method for producing a toner for developing electrostatic images, characterized by using a cationic inorganic dispersant as a dispersant.

[0018]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer In the present invention, a sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer obtained by copolymerizing vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon, (meth) acrylate, and sulfonic acid group-containing (meth) acrylamide as a charge control agent Use This sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer may be referred to as a charge control resin. The sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer is colorless enough to obtain a color toner. By copolymerizing a sulfonic acid group-containing (meth) acrylamide, a sulfonic acid group is contained in the copolymer, whereby the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer is used as a negatively chargeable charge control agent. Can be. Sulfonic acid group-containing (meth) in sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer
The copolymerization ratio of acrylamide is 0.1 to 1.8% by weight.
Must be within the range of, preferably 0.2 to
It is in the range of 1.6% by weight. When the copolymerization ratio of the sulfonic acid group-containing (meth) acrylamide is less than 0.1% by weight, the effect of imparting negative charge is small, and conversely, 1.8% by weight.
When the ratio exceeds the above, the dispersion stability of the droplets of the polymerizable monomer composition during the polymerization is lowered, and a polymerized toner having a uniform particle size cannot be obtained. Also, whether the copolymerization ratio of the sulfonic acid group-containing (meth) acrylamide is too small or too large, the flowability of the polymerized toner (toner for developing an electrostatic image) tends to decrease, and the storage stability (blocking resistance) also decreases. ,Furthermore,
The environmental dependency of image quality and durability also deteriorate.

By copolymerizing a vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon, a sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer can be obtained stably. By adjusting the copolymerization ratio of the vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon and the (meth) acrylate, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer can be controlled within a desired range, thereby preserving. The fixing temperature can be made relatively low without impairing the properties. Further, by using a combination of a vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon and (meth) acrylate, the compatibility between the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer and the polymer component of the polymerized toner can be improved, and the chargeability and other properties can be improved. A polymerized toner having uniform properties can be obtained. The copolymerization ratio (by weight) of the vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon and the (meth) acrylate is usually 99: 1 to 50:50, preferably 95: 5 to 7.
0:30.

The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer used in the present invention is determined by gel permeation chromatography (GP) using tetrahydrofuran.
2,0 in terms of polystyrene measured by C)
Must be in the range of 00 to 15,000,
Preferably it is in the range of 2,800 to 14,500, more preferably 3,000 to 14,000. If the weight average molecular weight of the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer is too large, the size of the droplets of the polymerizable monomer composition during polymerization becomes uneven, making it difficult to obtain a polymerized toner having a uniform particle size. As a result, the fluidity and the preservability tend to decrease, the image quality depends on the environment and the durability deteriorates, and it becomes difficult to lower the fixing temperature. If the weight-average molecular weight of the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer is too small, the resulting polymerized toner will have insufficient flowability, will have poor storage stability, and will have a tendency to have poor environmental dependence and durability of image quality. Show. Hereinafter, the raw materials and production method of the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer used in the present invention will be described in detail.

[Vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon] The vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon used for producing the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer is as follows:
A compound (monomer) having a structure in which a vinyl group is bonded to an aromatic hydrocarbon. Specific examples include styrene and α-
Methylstyrene, 2-methylstyrene, 3-methylstyrene, 4-methylstyrene, 2-ethylstyrene, 3-methylstyrene
Ethylstyrene, 4-ethylstyrene, 2-propylstyrene, 3-propylstyrene, 4-propylstyrene, 2-isopropylstyrene, 3-isopropylstyrene, 4-isopropylstyrene, 2-chlorostyrene, 3-chlorostyrene, 4- Chlorostyrene, 2-methyl-α-methylstyrene, 3-methyl-α-methylstyrene, 4-methyl-α-methylstyrene, 2-ethyl-α-methylstyrene, 3-ethyl-α-methylstyrene, 4- Ethyl-α-methylstyrene, 2-propyl-
α-methylstyrene, 3-propyl-α-methylstyrene, 4-propyl-α-methylstyrene, 2-isopropyl-α-methylstyrene, 3-isopropyl-α-methylstyrene, 4-isopropyl-α-methylstyrene, 2-chloro-α-methylstyrene, 3-chloro-α
-Methylstyrene, 4-chloro-α-methylstyrene,
2,3-dimethylstyrene, 3,4-dimethylstyrene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, 2,6-dimethylstyrene, 2,3-diethylstyrene, 3,4-diethylstyrene, 2,4-diethylstyrene, , 6-Diethylstyrene, 2-methyl-3-ethylstyrene, 2-methyl-4-ethylstyrene, 2-chloro-4-methylstyrene, 2,3-dimethyl-α-methylstyrene, 3,4
-Dimethyl-α-methylstyrene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, 2,6-dimethyl-α-methylstyrene, 2,
3-diethyl-α-methylstyrene, 3,4-diethyl-α-methylstyrene, 2,4-diethyl-α-methylstyrene, 2,6-diethyl-α-methylstyrene,
-Ethyl-3-methyl-α-methylstyrene, 2-methyl-4-propyl-α-methylstyrene, 2-chloro-
4-ethyl-α-methylstyrene and the like. These vinyl aromatic hydrocarbons can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[(Meth) acrylate] The (meth) acrylate used for producing the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer is as follows:
Acrylic acid esters or methacrylic acid esters, specific examples of which include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate,
N-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, n-amyl acrylate, isoamyl acrylate, n-acrylate
Acrylates such as hexyl, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate; methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate; And methacrylates such as n-amyl methacrylate, isoamyl methacrylate, n-hexyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate and lauryl methacrylate. These (meth) acrylates can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[Sulfonic acid group-containing (meth) acrylamide] Examples of the sulfonic acid group-containing (meth) acrylamide used for producing the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer include:
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid,
2-acrylamide-n-butanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamide-n-hexanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamide-n-octanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamide-
n-dodecanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamide-n-tetradecanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-phenylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2,
2,4-trimethylpentanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylphenylethanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2- (4-chlorophenyl) propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-carboxymethylpropanesulfonic acid, 2- Acrylamide-2- (2-
Pyridine) propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamide-
1-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 3-acrylamide-
Examples thereof include 3-methylbutanesulfonic acid, 2-methacrylamide-n-decanesulfonic acid, and 4-methacrylamidobenzenesulfonic acid. These sulfonic acid group-containing (meth) acrylamides can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[Polymerization method] The sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer used in the present invention is obtained by copolymerizing each monomer component by any polymerization method such as emulsion polymerization, dispersion polymerization, suspension polymerization, and solution polymerization. Can be obtained. Among these polymerization methods, the solution polymerization method is preferable because the copolymerization ratio and the weight average molecular weight are easily adjusted. Examples of the polymerization initiator used for producing the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer include 2,2
2'-azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2'-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 2,2'-
Azobis (4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 2,2'-azobisisobutyrate, 4,4 '
-Azobis (4-cyanopentanoic acid), 4,4 '
-Azobis (4-cyanovaleric acid), 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dibasic acid, 2,2-azobis-2-methyl-N-1,1-bis (hydroxymethyl)
-2-hydroxydiethylpropioamide, 1,1'-
Azo compounds such as azobis (1-cyclohexanecarbonitrile); 2,2′-azobis (2-aminodipropane) dihydrochloride, 2,2′-azobis (N,
Diamine compounds such as N'-dimethyleneisobutylamidine) and 2,2'-azobis (N, N'-dimethyleneisobutylamidine) dihydrochloride; methyl ethyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, acetyl peroxide, Peroxides such as dicumyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, t-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate, di-isopropylperoxydicarbonate, di-t-butylperoxyisophthalate; Can be mentioned.

The amount of the polymerization initiator to be used can be arbitrarily selected in accordance with the desired weight average molecular weight.
Parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by weight. In the solution polymerization, an anionic polymerization initiator such as an alkali metal, butyllithium, or a reaction product of an alkali metal and naphthalene can be used.

The solvent and dispersant used in the solution polymerization and the like can be appropriately selected. Specifically, examples of the hydrocarbon compound include aromatic hydrocarbon compounds such as benzene, toluene, and xylene; saturated hydrocarbon organic compounds such as n-hexane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, nonane, decane, decalin, and dodecane. Compounds. Examples of the oxygen-containing organic compound include methanol, ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, secondary butyl alcohol, amyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, methyl isobutyl carbinol, Ethyl butanol, 2-ethylhexanol
, Cyclohexanol, furfuryl alcohol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, ethylene glycol,
Compounds having a hydroxyl group such as hexylene glycol and glycerin; propyl ether, isopropyl ether, butyl ether, isobutyl ether, n-amyl ether, isoamyl ether, methyl butyl ether, methyl isobutyl ether, methyl n-amyl ether, methyl isoamyl ether, ethyl Aliphatic saturated ethers such as propyl ether, ethyl isopropyl ether, ethyl butyl ether, ethyl isobutyl ether, ethyl n-amyl ether, and ethyl isoamyl ether; aliphatic unsaturated ethers such as allyl ether and ethyl allyl ether; anisole; Aromatic ethers such as phenetole, phenyl ether and benzyl ether; tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, dioxane How cyclic ethers, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycols such as diethylene glycol monobutyl ether;
Organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, acetic anhydride, and butyric acid; butyl formate, amyl formate, propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, butyl acetate, sec-butyl acetate, amyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, 2-ethylhexyl acetate, cyclohexyl acetate, butylcyclohexyl acetate Organic acid esters such as ethyl propionate, butyl propionate, amyl propionate, butyl butyrate, diethyl carbonate, diethyl oxalate, methyl lactate, ethyl lactate, butyl lactate, and triethyl phosphate; methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, Ethyl isobutyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone,
Acetylacetone, diacetone alcohol, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, methylcyclohexanone,
Ketones such as cycloheptanone; and other oxygen-containing organic compounds such as 1,4-dioxane, isophorone, and furfural.

The polymerization temperature and the polymerization time can be arbitrarily selected depending on the polymerization method and the kind of the polymerization initiator used, but are usually about 50 to 200 ° C., and the polymerization time is 0.5 to 2 hours.
It is about 0 hours. At the time of the polymerization, a commonly known additive, for example, a polymerization aid such as an amine can also be used in combination. The method of recovering the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer from the system after the polymerization includes a method of adding a poor solvent to precipitate the copolymer, a method of removing the solvent by steam, a method of removing the solvent under reduced pressure, and a method of heating and melting. A method of removing the solvent, a method of freeze-drying, a method of polymerizing at a high concentration and directly adding it to the toner polymerization system are used.

2. Manufacturing method of electrostatic image developing toner The electrostatic image developing toner of the present invention is a polymerized toner obtained by a suspension polymerization method. That is, the electrostatic image developing toner of the present invention, in an aqueous dispersion medium containing a dispersant,
In a method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic image, which comprises suspension polymerizing a polymerizable monomer composition containing at least a colorant, a polymerizable monomer, and a charge control agent, the sulfonic acid group may be used as the charge control agent. The containing copolymer is contained at a ratio of 1 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable monomer, and
The dispersant can be obtained by suspension polymerization in an aqueous dispersion medium containing a cationic inorganic dispersant.

(Polymerizable monomer) In the present invention, a vinyl monomer is usually used as the polymerizable monomer. Examples of the vinyl monomer used in the present invention include styrene monomers such as styrene, vinyl toluene and α-methylstyrene; acrylic acid, methacrylic acid; methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate; Butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, Derivatives of (meth) acrylic acid such as acrylamide and methacrylamide; ethylene, propylene,
Ethylenically unsaturated monoolefins such as butylene; vinyl halides such as vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, and vinyl fluoride; vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate; vinyl ethers such as vinyl methyl ether and vinyl ethyl ether; vinyl methyl ketone And vinyl ketones such as methyl isopropenyl ketone; nitrogen-containing vinyl compounds such as 2-vinyl pyridine, 4-vinyl pyridine and N-vinyl pyrrolidone; These vinyl monomers may be used alone, or a plurality of monomers may be used in combination. Among these, a combination of a styrene monomer and a derivative of (meth) acrylic acid is suitably used as the polymerizable monomer. Preferred specific examples include a combination of styrene and butyl acrylate (that is, n-butyl acrylate) and a combination of styrene and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (that is, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate).

(Crosslinkable Monomer) It is preferable to use a crosslinkable monomer together with the vinyl monomer from the viewpoint of improving the storage stability and hot offset property of the polymerized toner. Examples of the crosslinkable monomer include aromatic divinyl compounds such as divinylbenzene, divinylnaphthalene, and derivatives thereof; diethylenically unsaturated carboxylic esters such as ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and diethylene glycol dimethacrylate; N, N-divinyl Divinyl compounds such as aniline and divinyl ether;
Compounds having three or more vinyl groups; and the like. These crosslinkable monomers can be used alone or in combination of two or more. In the present invention, the crosslinkable monomer is usually used in an amount of 0.01 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable monomer.
It is desirable to use it in a ratio of 1 to 2 parts by weight.

(Macromonomer) In the present invention, it is preferable to use a macromonomer together with the polymerizable monomer in order to improve the balance between low-temperature fixability and storage stability. Macromonomer used in the present invention (also called macromer)
Is a relatively long linear molecule having a polymerizable functional group (for example, an unsaturated group such as a carbon-carbon double bond) at a molecular chain terminal. The macromonomer has a vinyl polymerizable functional group at the end of the molecular chain, and has a number average molecular weight of
Usually, between 1,000 and 30,000 oligomers or polymers are preferred. When a macromonomer having a small number average molecular weight is used, the surface portion of the polymerized toner becomes soft,
It shows a tendency that the preservability decreases. Conversely, when a macromonomer having a large number average molecular weight is used, the fluidity of the macromonomer deteriorates, and the fixability and the storage stability decrease.

Examples of the vinyl polymerizable functional group at the molecular chain terminal of the macromonomer include an acryloyl group and a methacryloyl group, and a methacryloyl group is preferable from the viewpoint of easy copolymerization. The macromonomer used in the present invention preferably has a glass transition temperature higher than the glass transition temperature (Tg) of a polymer obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable monomer. The level of Tg between the polymer obtained by polymerizing the polymerizable monomer and the macromonomer is relative. For example, if the polymerizable monomer is Tg
= 70 ° C, the macromonomer may have a Tg exceeding 70 ° C. The Tg of the macromonomer is a value measured by a measuring instrument such as a usual differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).

Examples of the macromonomer include styrene, styrene derivatives, methacrylic acid esters, acrylic acid esters, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, etc., alone or a polymer obtained by polymerizing two or more kinds; a polysiloxane skeleton. Having a macromonomer; those disclosed on pages 4 to 7 of JP-A-3-203746. Among these macromonomers, polymers obtained by polymerizing hydrophilic ones, particularly methacrylic esters or acrylic esters, alone or in combination thereof are preferred. The usage ratio of the macromonomer is usually 0.01 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 0.0 to 10 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable monomer.
It is 3 to 5 parts by weight, more preferably 0.05 to 1 part by weight. If the proportion of the macromonomer is too small, the effect of improving the storability and fixability in a well-balanced manner is small, and if it is too large, the fixability tends to decrease.

(Colorant) Examples of the colorant include carbon black, titanium white, nigrosine base, aniline blue, calco oil blue, chrome yellow, and the like.
Dyes and pigments such as Ultramarine Blue, Orient Oil Red, Phthalocyanine Blue, Malachite Green Oxalate; magnetic particles such as cobalt, nickel, iron sesquioxide, ferric oxide, iron manganese oxide, iron zinc oxide, nickel iron oxide And the like. In addition to these, various coloring agents as described below can be used. Examples of the colorant for a magnetic color toner include C.I. I. Direct Red 1, C.I. I. Direct Red 4, C.I. I. Acid Red 1, C.I. I. Basic Red 1, C.I. I. Modant Red 30, C.I. I. Direct Blue 1,
C. I. Direct Blue 2, C.I. I. Acid Blue 9, C.I. I. Acid Blue 15, C.I. I. Basic Blue 3, C.I. I. Basic Blue 5, C.I. I. Modant Blue 7, C.I. I. Direct Green 6, C.I.
I. Basic Green 4, C.I. I. Basic Green 6 and the like.

Examples of the pigment include, for example, graphite, cadmium yellow, mineral fast yellow, navel yellow, nephtol yellow S, Hansa yellow G, permanent yellow NCG, tartrazine lake, red-mouthed graphite, molybdenum orange, permanent orange GT.
R, pyrazolone orange, benzidine orange G, cadmium red, permanent red 4R, watching red calcium salt, eosin lake, brilliant carmine 3B, manganese purple, fast violet B, methyl violet lake, navy blue, cobalt blue, alkaline blue lake, Victoria blue Lake, phthalocyanine blue, fast sky blue, induslen blue BC, chrome green, chromium oxide, pigment green B, malachite green lake, final yellow green G, and the like.

Examples of the magenta coloring pigment for full-color toner include C.I. I. Pigment Red 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 1
4, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 2,
3, 30, 31, 32, 37, 38, 39, 40, 4,
1, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 5
5, 57, 58, 60, 63, 64, 68, 81, 8
3, 87, 88, 89, 90, 112, 114, 12
2, 123, 163, 202, 206, 207, and 2
09; I. Pigment Violet 19; I.
Buttlets 1, 2, 10, 13, 15, 23, 29,
And 35;

Examples of the magenta dye include C.I. I.
Solvent Red 1, 3, 8, 23, 24, 25, 2
7, 30, 49, 81, 82, 83, 84, 100, 1,
09 and 121; I. Disperse thread 9;
C. I. Solvent Violet 8, 13, 14, 2
1, and 27; I. Disperse Violet 1;
And other oil-soluble dyes. Examples of the magenta dye include C.I. I. Basic Red 1, 2,
9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 22, 2,
3, 24, 27, 29, 32, 34, 35, 36, 3
7, 38, 39, and 40; I. Basic violet 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 15, 21, 25, 2
And basic dyes such as 6, 27 and 28;

Examples of cyan color pigments for full-color toner include C.I. I. Pigment Blue 2, 3, 15,
C. 16, and 17; I. Bat blue 6; I. Acid Blue 45; and a copper phthalocyanine pigment in which 1 to 5 phthalimidomethyl groups are substituted on the phthalocyanine skeleton. As the yellow color pigment for full-color toner, for example, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 1
3, 14, 15, 16, 17, 23, 65, 73, 8
3, 138, and 180; I. Bat Yellow 1,
3, and 20; and the like. Of the colorants, dyes and pigments are usually 0.1 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable monomer.
To 20 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by weight. The magnetic particles are used in an amount of usually 1 to 100 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 50 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable monomer.

(Cationic inorganic dispersant) In the present invention,
In an aqueous dispersion medium containing a cationic inorganic dispersant, at least a colorant, a polymerizable monomer, and a polymerizable monomer composition containing a sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer by suspension polymerization. A toner for developing an electrostatic image is manufactured. By using a cationic inorganic dispersant as the dispersant, even when the polymerizable monomer composition containing the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer is subjected to suspension polymerization, the particle shape is adjusted, and high image quality and durability are achieved. A polymerized toner excellent in the above can be obtained. Specific examples of the cationic inorganic dispersant used in the present invention,
Metal hydroxides such as aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and ferric hydroxide can be mentioned. The cationic inorganic dispersant is preferable because the dispersant is hardly adsorbed on the surface of the polymerized toner, the particle shape of the polymerized toner is adjusted, the image quality is excellent, and the durability is excellent.

In the present invention, a poorly water-soluble metal hydroxide colloid is preferably used as the cationic inorganic dispersant. Examples of the poorly water-soluble metal hydroxide include the above-mentioned metal hydroxides such as aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and ferric hydroxide. Colloids of poorly water-soluble metal hydroxides are preferred because they can narrow the particle size distribution of the polymer particles and improve image resolution. The colloid of the poorly water-soluble metal hydroxide is not limited by the production method, but the colloid of the poorly water-soluble metal hydroxide obtained by adjusting the pH of the aqueous solution of the water-soluble polyvalent metal compound to 7 or more, In particular, it is preferable to use a colloid of a poorly water-soluble metal hydroxide generated by a reaction of a water-soluble polyvalent metal compound with an alkali metal hydroxide in an aqueous phase.

The colloid of the poorly water-soluble metal compound used in the present invention has a number particle size distribution D ₅₀ (50% cumulative value of the number particle size distribution) of 0.5 μm or less and a D ₉₀ (90% of the number particle size distribution).
(Cumulative value) is preferably 1 μm or less. When the particle size of the colloid is large, the stability of polymerization is lost, and the smoothness of the surface of the polymerized toner is reduced, and therefore, the fluidity is reduced. The cationic inorganic dispersant is used usually in a ratio of 0.1 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable monomer. If this proportion is less than 0.1 part by weight, it is difficult to obtain sufficient dispersion stability during polymerization, and a polymerized aggregate is easily formed. Conversely, if the amount exceeds 20 parts by weight, the viscosity in the aqueous dispersion medium increases, and the distribution of the polymerized toner particle size is unfavorably widened.

(Radical polymerization initiator) In the present invention, a radical polymerization initiator is usually used to polymerize the polymerizable monomer. The radical polymerization initiator is used by adding it to the polymerizable monomer composition or by adding it to an aqueous dispersion medium. Examples of the radical polymerization initiator include persulfates such as potassium persulfate and ammonium persulfate; 4,4-azobis (4-cyanovaleric acid), dimethyl-2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropionate), , 2-Azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, 2,2-azobis-2-methyl-N-1,1-bis (hydroxymethyl)
-2-hydroxyethylpropioamide, 2,2'-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 2,2 '
Azo compounds such as -azobisisobutyronitrile and 1,1'-azobis (1-cyclohexanecarbonitrile); methyl ethyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, acetyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide Oxide, benzoyl peroxide, t-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate, di-isopropylperoxydicarbonate, di-
peroxides such as t-butyl peroxyisophthalate; and the like. Further, a redox initiator obtained by combining these polymerization initiators and a reducing agent can be exemplified.

Among these radical polymerization initiators, oil-soluble radical initiators are preferable, and in particular, organic compounds having a 10-hour half-life temperature of 60 to 80 ° C., preferably 65 to 80 ° C., and a molecular weight of 250 or less are preferred. Oil-soluble radical initiators selected from peroxides are preferred. Among the oil-soluble radical initiators, t-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate has a low odor during printing of the polymerized toner,
It is particularly suitable because environmental destruction by volatile components such as odor is small. The used amount of the polymerization initiator is usually 0.001 to 3% by weight based on the aqueous medium. If the amount of the polymerization initiator used is less than 0.001% by weight, the polymerization rate is low,
Exceeding weight percent is not economical.

(Molecular Weight Adjusting Agent) In the present invention, a molecular weight adjusting agent can be used. Examples of the molecular weight modifier include mercaptans such as t-dodecyl mercaptan, n-dodecyl mercaptan, and n-octyl mercaptan; and halogenated hydrocarbons such as carbon tetrachloride and carbon tetrabromide. These molecular weight regulators can be added before or during the start of polymerization. The molecular weight modifier is used in an amount of usually 0.01 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable monomer.

(Releasing Agent) In the present invention, a releasing agent can be contained in the polymerizable monomer composition. Examples of the release agent include low molecular weight polyolefins such as low molecular weight polyethylene, low molecular weight polypropylene, and low molecular weight polybutylene; paraffin waxes; and polyfunctional ester compounds. As the release agent used in the present invention, a polyfunctional ester compound is preferable, and a polyfunctional ester compound composed of a trifunctional or higher functional alcohol and a carboxylic acid is particularly preferable.

Examples of the trihydric or higher polyhydric alcohol include aliphatic alcohols such as glycerin, pentaerythritol and pentaglycerol; alicyclic alcohols such as phloroglucitol, quercitol and inositol; tris (hydroxymethyl) benzene Aromatic alcohols; D-erythrose, L-arabinose,
Sugars such as D-mannose, D-galactose, D-fructose, L-rhamnose, saccharose, maltose, lactose; sugar alcohols such as erythritol, D-trait, L-arabit, adnit, xylit; Among these, pentaerythritol is preferred.

Examples of the carboxylic acid include acetic acid, butyric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, undecanoic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, stearic acid, margaric acid, arachidic acid, cerotic acid, Aliphatic carboxylic acids such as melixic acid, ericic acid, brassic acid, sorbic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, behenylic acid, tetrolic acid, xymenic acid; cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, hexahydroisophthalic acid, hexahydroterephthalic acid, 3,4 Alicyclic carboxylic acids such as 5,5,6-tetrahydrophthalic acid; aromatic carboxylic acids such as benzoic acid, toluic acid, cumic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, trimesic acid, trimellitic acid, hemimelitic acid; Can be mentioned. Among them, carboxylic acids having preferably 10 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 13 to 25 carbon atoms are suitable, and aliphatic carboxylic acids having the carbon atoms are more preferable. Of the aliphatic carboxylic acids, stearic acid and myristic acid are particularly preferred. In the polyfunctional ester compound used as the release agent in the present invention, a plurality of carboxylic acids bonded to a tri- or higher functional alcohol may be different or the same, but preferably The difference between the maximum and minimum number of carbon atoms in the carboxylic acid is 9 or less, preferably 5
These are:

Specific examples of the polyfunctional ester compound include:
Examples thereof include pentaerythritol tetrastearate, pentaerythritol tetramyristate, and glycerol triaraquinic acid. It is preferable that the polyfunctional ester compound be easily soluble in the polymerizable monomer.
Among the polyfunctional ester compounds, pentaerythritol tetrastearate and pentaerythritol tetramyristate are particularly preferable, and pentaerythritol tetramyristate is particularly preferable. Normal waxes need to be crushed or melted and dispersed when mixed with a polymerizable monomer, but among polyfunctional ester compounds, pentaerythritol tetramyristate and the like are polymerizable. It easily dissolves in monomers even at room temperature,
The preparation of the polymerizable monomer composition is simple, and a polymerized toner excellent in various properties can be obtained. The release agent is
Usually 0.1 to 40 to 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable monomer.
Parts by weight, preferably 1 to 20 parts by weight. If the amount of the release agent is too small, the effect of improving the low-temperature fixability is small, and if it is too large, the blocking resistance is reduced.

(Other Additives) In the present invention, a lubricant such as oleic acid or stearic acid; a dispersing aid such as a silane-based or titanium-based coupling agent; You may. Such a lubricant or dispersant is usually 1/100 based on the weight of the colorant.
It is used at a ratio of about 0 to 1/1.

(Suspension Polymerization) The suspension polymerization is carried out in an aqueous dispersion medium containing a cationic inorganic dispersant. Specifically, a colorant, a polymerizable monomer (vinyl monomer), a sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer, and a macromonomer, a crosslinkable monomer, and a radical polymerization initiator selected as necessary , And other additives are mixed and uniformly dispersed with a Paul mill or the like to prepare a mixed solution (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a raw material liquid), and then the raw material liquid is dispersed in an aqueous dispersion containing a cationic inorganic dispersant. After being charged into a medium and dispersed and granulated into fine droplets using a mixing device having a high shearing force, usually,
The suspension polymerization is carried out at a temperature of 30 to 200 ° C. As a mixing device having a high shear force, a mixing device having a rotor rotating at a high speed and a stator surrounding the rotor and having small holes or comb teeth is used, and a gap between the rotor rotating at a high speed and the stator is used. Then, a method in which an aqueous dispersion medium containing a raw material liquid is passed through to granulate the raw material liquid into fine droplets (oil droplets) is preferable.

When the raw material liquid did not contain the radical polymerization initiator in advance, after the raw material liquid was poured into the aqueous dispersion medium containing the dispersant and before the granulation of the fine droplets,
The radical polymerization initiator can be charged with stirring to be contained in the raw material liquid in the aqueous dispersion medium. When the radical polymerization initiator is added, the particle diameter (volume average particle diameter) of the primary droplet formed by stirring the raw material liquid is usually 50 to 50%.
The point in time when the thickness becomes 1000 μm, preferably 100 to 500 μm is general. In addition, if the time from the charging and stirring of the raw material liquid containing no polymerization initiator to the addition of the radical polymerization initiator is long, the granulation is completed, and the amount of polymerizable monomer in the raw material liquid containing no polymerization initiator is increased. The polymer or the like and the radical polymerization initiator are not uniformly mixed, and it is difficult to make the properties such as the degree of polymerization and the degree of crosslinking for each polymerized toner particle uniform. For this reason, the addition time of the radical polymerization initiator is slightly different depending on the reaction scale and the particle size, but generally, after the introduction of the polymerization initiator-free raw material liquid, in a large scale plant or the like, usually 24 hours. , Preferably within 12 hours, more preferably within 3 hours, and typically 5 on a laboratory scale.
Within an hour, preferably within 3 hours, more preferably within 1 hour.

The temperature of the aqueous dispersion medium from the time of the addition of the radical polymerization initiator to the subsequent granulation step (ie, before the start of polymerization) is usually adjusted to 10 to 40 ° C, preferably 20 to 30 ° C. If this temperature is too high, a polymerization reaction will partially occur in the system. Conversely, if the temperature is too low, when granulating by stirring, the fluidity of the system may be reduced, which may hinder granulation.

The dispersion state of the droplets of the polymerizable monomer composition is as follows:
The volume average particle size is usually 0.1 to 20 μm, preferably 0.1 to 20 μm.
This is in a state of being in the range of 5 to 10 μm. If the particle size of the droplet is too large, the particle size of the polymerized toner becomes too large,
The resolution of the image is reduced. The particle size distribution of the droplets of the polymerizable monomer composition, that is, (volume average particle size) / (number average particle size) is usually 1 to 3.0, preferably 1 to 2.0. If the particle size distribution of the droplets is wide, the fixing temperature will vary, causing problems such as fogging and filming. It is desirable that the droplets have a particle size distribution in which 50% by volume or more, preferably 60% by volume or more exists within a range of the volume average particle size ± 1 μm.

If the polymerizable monomer remains, the unreacted polymerizable monomer is volatilized to deteriorate the working environment. % Or more, preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more, particularly preferably 97% or more, and particularly preferably 99% or more. However, when lowering the polymerization conversion, the amount of the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer added is substantially smaller than the amount of the polymerizable monomer 1 that substantially participates in the polymerization reaction.
The amount is adjusted so as to be in the range of 1 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 00 parts by weight.

In the present invention, a polymerized toner composed of colored polymer particles is usually produced by the above suspension polymerization, and is used as a developer. However, in order to improve the storage stability (blocking resistance) of the polymerized toner, the low-temperature fixing property, the melting property at the time of fixing, and the like, a shell is formed on the colored polymer particles to form a core-shell type polymerized toner. It may be. To form the shell, the colored polymer particles are used as core particles, and a polymerizable monomer for shell is polymerized in the presence of the core particles to form a polymer layer (shell) on the surface of the core particles. I do.
When a polymerizable monomer for the shell that forms a polymer having a glass transition temperature higher than the glass transition temperature of the polymer component constituting the core particles is used, the storage stability of the polymerized toner can be improved. . At the same time, by setting the glass transition temperature of the polymer component constituting the core particles low, it is possible to lower the fixing temperature of the polymerized toner and increase the uniform melting property, thereby speeding up copying and printing. , Full color, OHP transparency, etc. As the polymerizable monomer for shell,
Usually, monomers that form a polymer having a glass transition temperature of more than 80 ° C., such as styrene and methyl methacrylate, are used alone or in combination of two or more. The difference in the glass transition temperature between the polymer component constituting the core particles and the polymer comprising the polymerizable monomer for shell is usually 10 ° C. or higher, preferably 20 ° C. or higher, more preferably 30 ° C. or higher. . In the core-shell type polymerized toner, the weight ratio of the polymerizable monomer for core to the polymerizable monomer for shell is usually 40/60 to 99.9 / 0.1, preferably 60/40 to 99. 5 / 0.5, more preferably 8
0/20 to 99/1. If the ratio of the polymerizable monomer for shell is too small, the effect of improving the storage stability is small, and conversely,
If it is excessively large, the effect of lowering the fixing temperature and improving the OHP permeability is reduced.

3. The toner for developing an electrostatic image The toner for developing an electrostatic image (polymerized toner) of the present invention is obtained by suspension polymerizing a polymerizable monomer composition containing at least a colorant, a polymerizable monomer, and a charge control agent. In the toner for developing an electrostatic image obtained as described above, the charge controlling agent has a weight average molecular weight of 2,000 to 15,000 and a copolymerization ratio of sulfonic acid group-containing (meth) acrylamide of 0.1 to 1.8.
1 to 10 parts by weight of a vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon / (meth) acrylate / sulfonic acid group-containing (meth) acrylamide copolymer in an amount of 1 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of a polymerizable monomer. is there. The polymerizable monomer is usually
Since the polymerization conversion is about 100%, in this case, the ratio of the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer is equal to the ratio to 100 parts by weight of the polymer component formed from the polymerizable monomer.

The electrostatic image developing toner of the present invention has a volume average particle size of usually 0.5 to 20 μm, preferably 1 to 10 μm.
m. Further, the molecular weight distribution of this polymerized toner, that is, the volume average particle diameter (dv) / number average particle diameter (dp) is usually 1.7 or less, preferably 1.5 or less, more preferably 1.4 or less. The polymerized toner of the present invention may be used as a developer as it is, but is usually used as a developer in combination with an external additive such as a fluidizing agent or an abrasive. When the external additive is added to and mixed with the polymerized toner, the external additive adheres to the surface of the polymerized toner. The external additive has a function of increasing the fluidity of the polymerized toner or suppressing the formation of a toner film on a photoreceptor by a polishing action.

The external additives include inorganic particles and organic resin particles. Examples of the inorganic particles include particles of silica (silicon dioxide), aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, barium titanate, strontium titanate, and the like. As the organic resin particles, methacrylate polymer particles, acrylate polymer particles, styrene-methacrylate copolymer particles, styrene-acrylate copolymer particles, the core is a methacrylate polymer shell and the shell is Core-shell type particles formed of a styrene polymer are exemplified.
Among these, inorganic oxide particles are preferable, silica particles are more preferable, and silica particles subjected to hydrophobic treatment are particularly preferable. In order for the external additive to adhere to the polymerized toner, the external additive and the polymerized toner are usually charged into a mixer such as a Henschel mixer and stirred. The use amount of the external additive is not particularly limited, but is based on 100 parts by weight of the polymerized toner.
Usually, it is about 0.1 to 6 parts by weight.

The external additives may be used in combination of two or more kinds. When an external additive is used in combination, a method of combining two types of inorganic particles or organic resin particles having different average particle diameters is preferable. Specifically, the average particle size is 5
Attachment by combining particles having a mean particle size of 20 to 20 nm, preferably 7 to 18 nm (preferably inorganic oxide particles) and particles having an average particle diameter of more than 20 nm and 2 μm or less, preferably 30 nm to 1 μm (preferably inorganic oxide particles). It is preferred that The average particle diameter of the particles for the external additive is an average value obtained by observing the particles with a transmission electron microscope, randomly selecting 100 particles, and measuring the particle diameter.

The amount of the two types of external additives (particles) is usually 0.1 to 3 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 3 parts by weight, for particles having an average particle diameter of 5 to 20 nm with respect to 100 parts by weight of toner particles. Two
2 parts by weight, particles having an average particle diameter of more than 20 nm and 2 μm or less are usually 0.1 to 3 parts by weight, preferably 0.2 to 2 parts by weight. The weight ratio between the particles having an average particle diameter of 5 to 20 nm and the particles having an average particle diameter of more than 20 nm and 2 μm or less is usually 1: 1:
The range is from 5 to 5: 1, preferably from 3:10 to 10: 3. The electrostatic image developing toner of the present invention is generally used as a non-magnetic one-component developer. However, when magnetic particles are used as the colorant, they can also be used as a magnetic one-component developer. Furthermore, if necessary, carrier particles can be used in combination and used as a two-component developer.

4. Image Forming Apparatus An image forming apparatus to which the toner for developing an electrostatic image of the present invention is applied includes a photoconductor (photoconductor drum), a unit for charging the surface of the photoconductor, and an electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the photoconductor. Means, means for containing toner (developer), means for supplying toner to develop an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the photoreceptor to form a toner image, and transferring the toner image from the surface of the photoreceptor to a transfer material Means. Since the electrostatic image developing toner of the present invention is negatively chargeable, the image forming apparatus is operated by a method suitable for the charging characteristic.

FIG. 1 shows a specific example of such an image forming apparatus. In the image forming apparatus, a photosensitive drum 1 as a photosensitive member is rotatably mounted in the direction of arrow A. The photosensitive drum 1 has a photoconductive layer provided on the outer peripheral surface of a conductive support drum. The photoconductive layer is composed of, for example, an organic photoconductor, a selenium photoconductor, a zinc oxide photoconductor, an amorphous silicon photoconductor. Around the photosensitive drum 1, along a circumferential direction thereof, a charging roll 2 as a charging unit, a laser beam irradiation device 3 as a latent image forming unit, a developing roll 4 as a developing unit, and a transfer roll 10 as a transferring unit. ,
Further, a cleaning device (not shown) and the like are arranged as required.

The charging roll 2 is for uniformly and uniformly charging the surface of the photosensitive drum 1 to plus or minus. The surface of the photosensitive drum 1 is charged by applying a voltage to the charging roll 2 and bringing the charging roll 2 into contact with the surface of the photosensitive drum 1. The charging roll 2 can be replaced with charging means using corona discharge. The laser light irradiation device 3 irradiates the surface of the photosensitive drum 1 with light corresponding to an image signal, and irradiates the uniformly charged surface of the photosensitive drum 1 with light in a predetermined pattern.
This is to form an electrostatic latent image on a portion irradiated with light (in the case of reversal development) or to form an electrostatic latent image on a portion not irradiated with light (in the case of regular development). As another latent image forming unit, there is a unit formed of an LED array and an optical system.

The developing roll 4 is for attaching toner to the electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive drum 1. In reverse development, the toner is attached only to the light irradiation section. A bias voltage is applied between the developing roll 4 and the photosensitive drum 1 so that the toner adheres only to the portion. A developing roll 4 and a supply roll 6 are provided in a casing 9 in which the toner 7 is stored.
The developing roll 4 is arranged close to and in contact with the photosensitive drum 1 so as to rotate in a direction B opposite to the photosensitive drum 1. The supply roll 6 contacts the developing roll 4 and rotates in the same direction C as the developing roll.
Is supplied to the outer periphery of the printer. A stirring means (stirring blade) 8 for stirring the toner is mounted in the casing 9.

A developing roll blade 5 as a layer thickness regulating means is arranged around the developing roll 4 at a position between the point of contact with the supply roll 6 and the point of contact with the photosensitive drum 1. The blade 5 is made of conductive rubber or stainless steel, and is applied with a voltage of | 200 V | to | 600 V | to perform charge injection into the toner. Therefore, the electrical resistivity of the blade 5 is 10-6.
It is preferably not more than the squared Ωcm. The polymerized toner 7 of the present invention is accommodated in the casing 9 of the image forming apparatus. The polymerized toner 7 may contain an external additive such as a fluidizing agent. Since the polymerized toner of the present invention is excellent in storability, aggregation in the casing 9 during storage is suppressed. Further, since the polymerized toner of the present invention has a relatively sharp particle size distribution, when the toner layer is formed on the developing roll 4, it can be formed into a substantially single layer by the layer thickness regulating means 5, Thereby, the reproducibility of the image is improved.

The transfer roll 10 is for transferring the toner image on the surface of the photosensitive drum 1 formed by the developing roll 4 onto the transfer material 11. As the transfer material 11, paper,
A resin sheet such as an OHP sheet may be used. Examples of the transfer unit include a corona discharge device and a transfer belt in addition to the transfer roll 10. The toner image transferred onto the transfer material 11 is fixed on the transfer material by a fixing unit. The fixing unit usually includes a heating unit and a pressing unit. More specifically, the fixing unit includes a combination of a heating roll (fixing roll) 12 and a pressure roll 13. The transfer material 11 onto which the toner image has been transferred is passed between the heating roll 12 and the pressure roll 13 to melt the toner, and at the same time, is pressed and fixed on the transfer material 11. The cleaning device is for cleaning the transfer residual toner remaining on the surface of the photosensitive drum 1 and includes, for example, a cleaning blade. The cleaning device does not necessarily need to be installed in the case where a method of performing cleaning at the same time as development by the developing roll 4 is adopted.

The image forming apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1 has a means for charging the surface of a photoreceptor, a means for forming an electrostatic latent image on the surface of a photoreceptor, and a means for containing a polymerized toner for one photoreceptor. A means for supplying a polymerization toner and developing the electrostatic latent image on the surface of the photoconductor to form a toner image, and a means for transferring the toner image from the surface of the photoconductor to a transfer material. In order to form a full-color image, at least four means for forming electrostatic latent images corresponding to magenta, yellow, cyan, and black on the surface of a photoconductor are provided around one photoconductor in order to form a full-color image. At least four means for accommodating the polymerized toners corresponding to magenta, yellow, cyan and black form the toner image by supplying the polymerized toner and developing each electrostatic latent image on the photoreceptor surface. At least four means That may be a full-color image forming apparatus. In the image forming method using the toner for developing an electrostatic image of the present invention, a toner is attached to the surface of the photoreceptor on which the electrostatic latent image has been formed to form a visible image, and then the visible image is transferred to a transfer material. In the image forming method including the step of performing, the polymerized toner of the present invention is used as the toner.

[0068]

The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following examples and comparative examples. Parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise specified. Hereinafter, methods for evaluating physical properties and toner characteristics will be described.

(1) Weight Average Molecular Weight (Mw) The weight average molecular weight of the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer was determined as a value in terms of polystyrene measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using tetrahydrofuran. Specifically, the following method was used.
RI was used as a detector. <Preparation of Sample> About 10 mg of a sample was dissolved in 5 ml of a tetrahydrofuran solvent and left at 25 ° C. for 16 hours.
The solution was filtered through a 45 μm membrane filter to obtain a sample. <Measurement conditions> Temperature: 35 ° C Solvent: tetrahydrofuran Flow rate: 1.0 ml / min Concentration: 0.2% by weight Sample injection volume: 100 μl Column: Showdex GPC, Showdex GPC
KF806M (30cm x 2)

(2) Toner Particle Size The volume average particle size (dv) of the polymerized toner and the particle size distribution, that is, the ratio (d) between the volume average particle size and the number average particle size (dp)
v / dp) was measured with a Multisizer (manufactured by Coulter Inc.). The measurement with the Multisizer was performed under the conditions of an aperture diameter: 100 μm, a medium: Isoton II, a concentration of 10%, and the number of particles measured: 50,000.

(3) Fixing Temperature The toner image was evaluated with a printer modified so that the temperature of the fixing roll portion of a commercially available non-magnetic one-component developing system printer can be changed. The temperature at which the fixing rate was 80% was evaluated as the fixing temperature. The fixing test was performed by changing the temperature of the fixing roll of the printer, measuring the fixing rate at each temperature, and obtaining the relationship between the temperature and the fixing rate. The fixing rate was calculated from the ratio of the image density before and after the tape peeling operation in the black solid area on the test paper printed by the modified printer. That is, the image density before peeling the tape is
Assuming that the image density after tape peeling is after ID, the fixing rate is
It can be calculated by the following equation. Fixing rate (%) = (after ID / before ID) × 100 The tape peeling operation means that an adhesive tape (Scotch Mending Tape 81 manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Limited) is applied to the measurement portion of the test paper.
0-3-18), and extruded at a constant pressure to adhere.
Thereafter, a series of operations for peeling off the adhesive tape in a direction along the paper at a constant speed. The image density was measured using a Macbeth reflection densitometer.

(4) Fluidity: 3 fluids with 150 μm, 75 μm and 45 μm apertures respectively
The seed sieves are stacked in this order from the top, and 4 g of the developer to be measured is precisely weighed and placed on the uppermost sieve. Then, the three kinds of sieves were placed on a powder measuring machine (manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Co., Ltd .; trade name "REO").
Using STAT "), the weight of the developer remaining on each sieve after vibration for 15 seconds under the condition of vibration intensity 4 is measured.
The measured values are put into the following formulas to calculate the a, b and c values, and then these values are put into the formulas to calculate the fluidity value. The measurement was performed three times per sample, and the average value was determined. Calculation formula: a = [weight of developer remaining on 150 μm sieve (g) / 4 g] × 100 b = [weight of developer remaining on 75 μm sieve (g) / 4 g] × 100 × 0.6 c = [45 μm sieve Weight of developer remaining in (g) / 4g] × 100 × 0.2 Fluidity (%) = 100− (a + b + c)

(5) Preservability The developer is put in a sealable container, and after sealing, the container is immersed in a thermostatic water bath at a temperature of 55 ° C. After a certain period of time, the container is taken out of the thermostatic bath, and the developer in the container is transferred onto a 42-mesh sieve. At this time, the developer is gently taken out of the container and carefully transferred to the sieve so as not to destroy the aggregated structure of the developer in the container. After the sieve was vibrated for 30 seconds under the condition of a vibration intensity of 4.5 using the above-mentioned powder measuring machine, the weight of the developer remaining on the sieve was measured and defined as the weight of the aggregation developer. The weight ratio (% by weight) of the aggregation developer to all the developers was calculated. The measurement was performed three times for one sample, and the average value was used as an index of the storage stability. The preferred shelf life measured by this method is 5%
It is as follows.

(6) Environmental Dependence of Charge Amount Non-magnetic one-component development under L / L (temperature 10 ° C., relative humidity 20%) and H / H (temperature 35 ° C., relative humidity 80%) environments. Developer into a printer (four-sheet machine)
After being left day and night, five halftone print patterns were printed, and then the developer on the developing roll was sucked into a suction-type charge amount measuring device, and the charge amount per unit weight was measured from the charge amount and the suction amount. From the change in the amount of charge under each environment,
The situation of the environmental change of the developer was evaluated.

(7) Environmental Dependence of Image Quality Using the above-described modified printer, L / L (temperature 10 ° C.,
20% relative humidity and H / H (temperature 35 ° C., relative humidity 8)
0%) in each environment, the print density was 1.3 or more with a reflection densitometer (manufactured by Macbeth) and the fog of the non-image area was measured with a whiteness meter (manufactured by Nippon Denshoku). Is 10
%, The number of continuous prints that can maintain the image quality of not more than% was examined, and the environmental dependency of the image quality by the developer was evaluated based on the following criteria. ：: 10,000 continuous prints capable of maintaining the above image quality
Δ: The number of continuous prints capable of maintaining the above image quality is 5,000 or more and less than 10,000, ×: The number of continuous prints capable of maintaining the above image quality is less than 5,000.

(8) Durability of Image Quality Continuous printing is performed from the beginning in an environment of normal temperature and normal humidity (temperature 23 ° C., relative humidity × 50%) with the above-mentioned modified printer, and measured with a reflection densitometer (manufactured by Macbeth). The number of continuous prints that can maintain an image quality of 10% or less in the non-image area as measured by a whiteness meter (manufactured by Nippon Denshoku) with a print density of 1.3 or more is determined. The durability of the image quality was evaluated. ：: 10,000 continuous prints capable of maintaining the above image quality
Δ: The number of continuous prints capable of maintaining the above image quality is 5,000 or more and less than 10,000, ×: The number of continuous prints capable of maintaining the above image quality is less than 5,000.

Example 1 (1) Preparation of Release Agent Dispersion 90 parts of styrene and 10 parts of a release agent (manufactured by Shell MDS; trade name “FT-100”) were charged into a media-type wet pulverizer. Then, wet pulverization was performed to prepare a dispersion in which the release agent was uniformly dispersed in styrene. When the particle size of the release agent in this dispersion was measured using SALD-2000J (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), D ₅₀ (50% cumulative value of the number particle size distribution) was 3.2 μm. The solid content of this dispersion is 10.
It was 0%. (2) Preparation of Sulfonic Acid Group-Containing Copolymer In a 3 liter flask, 900 parts of toluene, a polymerizable monomer (88.0% of styrene, 11.0% of butyl acrylate) were added.
%, 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid 1.0%), 100 parts, and 2,2'-azobis (2,
4 parts of 4-dimethylvaleronitrile) was charged and reacted at 80 ° C. for 8 hours with stirring. After completion of the reaction, the solvent was removed by freeze-drying, and the weight average molecular weight (Mw) was 1
As a result, a sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer of 000 was obtained.

(3) Preparation of Polymerizable Monomer Composition 20 parts of the release agent dispersion previously obtained (2 parts of the release agent, styrene 1
8 parts), 65 parts of styrene and 100 parts of a polymerizable monomer of 17 parts of n-butyl acrylate, 7 parts of carbon black ([# 25B] manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), and a sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer (Mw = 10,000, styrene ratio 88.0%, n-butyl acrylate ratio 11.0%,
7 parts of a sulfonic acid group-containing monomer ratio (1.0%) and 0.3 parts of divinylbenzene were stirred and mixed with a usual stirring device. Next, the mixture was further uniformly dispersed by a media type disperser to obtain a polymerizable monomer composition. (4) Preparation of Dispersant-Containing Aqueous Dispersion Medium In an aqueous solution in which 9.5 parts of magnesium chloride (water-soluble polyvalent metal salt) is dissolved in 250 parts of ion-exchanged water, 50 parts of ion-exchanged water is sodium hydroxide (hydroxylated). Alkali metal) 5.
An aqueous solution in which 8 parts were dissolved was gradually added under stirring to prepare a magnesium hydroxide colloid (poorly water-soluble metal hydroxide colloid) dispersion. The particle size distribution of the generated colloid is measured using a Microtrac particle size distribution analyzer (Nikkiso Co., Ltd.)
As a result, D ₅₀ (50% cumulative value of the number particle size distribution) was 0.38 μm, and D ₉₀ (90% cumulative value of the number particle size distribution) was 0.82 μm. In the measurement with this Microtrac particle size distribution analyzer, the measurement range =
The measurement was performed under the conditions of 0.12 to 704 μm, measurement time = 30 seconds, and medium = ion-exchanged water.

(5) Suspension polymerization The above polymerizable monomer composition was added to the magnesium hydroxide colloidal dispersion obtained above, and mixed for several minutes with a usual stirrer, followed by polymerization initiator (t-butyl). Peroxy-2
-Ethylhexanoate (manufactured by NOF Corporation) was added and dissolved, and the mixture was dissolved in 1 with a TK homomixer.
By high-shear stirring at 2,000 rpm, droplets of the polymerizable monomer composition were granulated. The aqueous dispersion of the granulated polymerizable monomer composition was put into a reactor equipped with a stirring blade, a polymerization reaction was started at 90 ° C., and after continuing for 8 hours,
The reaction was stopped, and pH 11 containing the produced colored polymer particles was
Was obtained. While stirring this aqueous dispersion, the pH of the system was adjusted to about 5.5 with sulfuric acid, and acid washing (25 ° C., 1
0 min). Next, after filtration and dehydration, washing water was sprinkled to wash with water. Then, the dryer (45
C.) for two days and nights to obtain dried colored polymer particles (polymerized toner). (6) Developer (Toner) Hydrophobized silica (trade name: AEROSIL R-20) was added to 100 parts of the colored polymer particles obtained above.
2, 0.6 part of an average particle diameter of 14 nm, manufactured by Degussa Co.) was added and mixed using a Henschel mixer to obtain a non-magnetic one-component developer (hereinafter simply referred to as toner). The volume average particle diameter (dv) of the obtained toner was 6.9 μm.
In the image evaluation, high temperature and high humidity (H / H) and low temperature and low humidity (L / H
Under any of the conditions (L), very good images having good color tone, high image density and no fog were obtained. The results are shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated, except that the magnesium hydroxide colloid dispersion was replaced by a dispersion obtained by dispersing two parts of negatively charged Aerosil # 200 in 300 parts of ion-exchanged water. A polymerized toner and a developer were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The particle size distribution of the resulting polymerized toner was wide, and the storage stability and fluidity were not sufficient. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0081]

[Table 1]

(Footnote) (1) Charge control resin: styrene / butyl acrylate /
2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid copolymer (sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer) (2) sulfonic acid group-containing monomer: 2-acrylamide-
2-Methylpropanesulfonic acid [sulfonic acid group-containing (meth) acrylamide] (3) Mixing ratio of charge control resin: 100 parts by weight of polymerizable monomer for forming a polymerization toner, the number of parts by weight of sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer or less The same applies to the examples and comparative examples.

Example 2 900 parts of toluene, a polymerizable monomer (styrene 88.0%, butyl acrylate 11.0%, 2-acrylamide-2) were placed in a 3 liter flask.
100 parts of -methylpropanesulfonic acid) and 6 parts of 2,2'-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) were charged and reacted at 90 ° C for 8 hours with stirring. After completion of the reaction, the solvent was removed by freeze-drying to obtain a sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 3,000. In Example 1, instead of the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of 10,000,
A polymerized toner and a developer were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of 3,000 obtained above was used. The results are shown in Table 2.

Example 3 900 parts of toluene, a polymerizable monomer (88.0% of styrene, 11.0% of butyl acrylate, 2-acrylamide-2) were placed in a 3 liter flask.
-Methylpropanesulfonic acid 1.0%) 100 parts, 1,
0.05 part of 4-butanediol diacrylate and 2 parts of 2,2'-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) were charged and reacted at 80 ° C. for 8 hours with stirring. After completion of the reaction, the solvent was removed by freeze-drying to obtain a sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 14,000. In Example 1, except that the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of 14,000 obtained above was used instead of the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of 10,000, A polymerized toner and a developer were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 2 In a 3 liter flask, 900 parts of toluene, 88.0% of a polymerizable monomer (styrene: 88.0%, butyl acrylate: 11.0%, 2-acrylamide-2)
100 parts of -methylpropanesulfonic acid) and 8 parts of 2,2'-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) were charged and reacted at 90 ° C for 8 hours with stirring. After completion of the reaction, the solvent was removed by freeze-drying to obtain a sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 1,500. In Example 1, instead of the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of 10,000,
A polymerized toner and a developer were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of 1,500 obtained above was used. The results are shown in Table 2.
Since the weight average molecular weight of the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer of the charge control resin is low, the fluidity and the preservability of the polymerized toner are reduced, the charge amount is increased, and the environmental dependency of the image quality is increased, and the image quality is increased. There was a defect in durability.

Comparative Example 3 In a 3 liter flask, 900 parts of toluene, 88.0% of a polymerizable monomer (styrene: 88.0%, butyl acrylate: 11.0%, 2-acrylamide-2)
-Methylpropanesulfonic acid 1.0%) 100 parts, 1,
0.05 parts of 4-butanediol diacrylate and 1.5 parts of 2,2'-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) were charged and reacted at 80 ° C. for 8 hours with stirring. After completion of the reaction, the solvent was removed by freeze-drying to obtain a sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 16,000. In Example 1, except that the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of 16,000 was used instead of the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of 10,000, Example 1
Polymerized toner and developer were obtained in the same manner as described above. Table 2 shows the results
It was shown to. Since the weight average molecular weight of the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer of the charge control resin was high, the viscosity of the polymerizable monomer composition was high, the particle size of the polymerized toner was large, and the molecular weight distribution was also large. As a result, the fluidity of the polymerized toner is reduced, the image quality is more environmentally dependent, and the durability of the image quality is poor.

[0087]

[Table 2]

Example 4 900 parts of toluene, a polymerizable monomer (88.8% of styrene, 11.0% of butyl acrylate, 2-acrylamide-2) were placed in a 3 liter flask.
100 parts of -methylpropanesulfonic acid) and 4 parts of 2,2'-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) were charged and reacted at 80 ° C for 8 hours with stirring. After completion of the reaction, the solvent was removed by freeze-drying to obtain a sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 10,000. In Example 1, instead of the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer having a sulfonic acid group-containing (meth) acrylamide content of 1.0%, the sulfonic acid group-containing (meth) acrylamide content obtained above was 0.2%. %, Except that a sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer was used. The results are shown in Table 3.

Example 5 900 parts of toluene, a polymerizable monomer (87.4% of styrene, 11.0% of butyl acrylate, 2-acrylamide-2) were placed in a 3 liter flask.
100 parts of -methylpropanesulfonic acid) and 4 parts of 2,2'-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) were charged and reacted at 80 ° C for 8 hours with stirring. After completion of the reaction, the solvent was removed by freeze-drying to obtain a sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 10,000. In Example 1, instead of the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer having a sulfonic acid group-containing (meth) acrylamide content of 1.0%, the sulfonic acid group-containing (meth) acrylamide content obtained above was 1.6. %, Except that a sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer was used. The results are shown in Table 3.

Comparative Example 4 900 parts of toluene and a polymerizable monomer (88.95% of styrene,
Butyl acrylate 11.0%, 2-acrylamide-
100 parts of 2-methylpropanesulfonic acid 0.05%),
And 4 parts of 2,2′-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) were charged and reacted at 80 ° C. for 8 hours with stirring. After completion of the reaction, the solvent was removed by freeze drying,
A sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 10,000 was obtained. In Example 1, instead of the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer having a sulfonic acid group-containing (meth) acrylamide content of 1.0%, the sulfonic acid group-containing (meth) acrylamide content obtained above was 0.05%. %, Except that a sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer was used.
Polymerized toner and developer were obtained in the same manner as described above. Table 3 shows the results
It was shown to.

Comparative Example 5 900 parts of toluene, polymerizable monomers (87.0% of styrene, 11.0% of butyl acrylate, 2-acrylamide-2) were placed in a 3 liter flask.
-Methylpropanesulfonic acid 2.0%) and 2,2'-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) 4 parts were charged and reacted at 80 ° C for 8 hours with stirring. After completion of the reaction, the solvent was removed by freeze-drying to obtain a sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 10,000. In Example 1, instead of the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer having a sulfonic acid group-containing (meth) acrylamide content of 1.0%, a sulfonic acid group-containing (meth) acrylamide content of 2.0 obtained above was used. %, Except that a sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer was used. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0092]

[Table 3]

As is clear from the results in Table 3, when the ratio of the sulfonic acid group-containing (meth) acrylamide in the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer was too low (0.05%) (Comparative Example 4), As the fluidity and preservability decrease,
Environment dependency of image quality increases, and durability also decreases. Further, when the ratio of the sulfonic acid group-containing (meth) acrylamide in the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer is as large as 2.0% (Comparative Example 5), the fluidity and the storability of the polymerized toner are also lowered, and the image quality is also reduced. Becomes more environmentally dependent, and the durability also decreases. On the other hand, the polymerized toners of the present invention (Examples 4 and 5) have good fluidity, storage stability, environmental dependence of charge amount, environmental dependence of image quality, and durability of image quality. .

Example 6 A polymerized toner and a developer were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the blending ratio of the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer was changed from 7.0 parts to 2.0 parts. Agent was obtained. The results are shown in Table 4.

Example 7 A polymerized toner and a developer were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the blending ratio of the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer was changed from 7.0 parts to 9.0 parts. Agent was obtained. The results are shown in Table 4.

Comparative Example 6 A polymerized toner and a developer were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the blending ratio of the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer was changed from 7.0 parts to 0.5 part. Agent was obtained. The results are shown in Table 4.

Comparative Example 7 A polymerized toner and a developer were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mixing ratio of the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer was changed from 7.0 parts to 11.0 parts. Agent was obtained. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0098]

[Table 4]

As is evident from the results in Table 4, the fluidity and storage stability of the copolymer containing the sulfonic acid group were too small (Comparative Example 6) or too large (Comparative Example 7). As a result, the image quality is greatly dependent on the environment, and the durability of the image quality is impaired. On the other hand, the polymerized toner of the present invention (Examples 6 and 7) has fluidity, storability, environmental dependence of charge amount,
Both the environmental dependency of the image quality and the durability of the image quality are good.

[0100]

According to the present invention, there is provided a toner for developing an electrostatic image based on a polymerized toner, which is excellent in stability of liquid droplets of a polymerizable monomer composition during polymerization and has a negative chargeability. And a toner for developing an electrostatic image, which is excellent in the environmental stability of the charge amount and the charge amount. The electrostatic image developing toner of the present invention can maintain high image quality with little change in environment such as temperature and humidity and fluctuation in charge amount due to continuous printing. The electrostatic image developing toner of the present invention has a relatively low fixing temperature, and is excellent in fluidity and storage stability. Therefore, the toner for developing an electrostatic image of the present invention can be suitably used for a printing machine or a copying machine of a non-magnetic one-component developing system.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of an image forming apparatus to which an electrostatic image developing toner of the present invention is applied.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1: photosensitive drum 2: charging roll 3: laser beam irradiation device 4: developing roll 5: developing roll blade 6: supply roll 7: electrostatic image developing toner 8: stirring blade 9: casing 10: transfer roll 11: transfer Material 12: Heating roll 13: Pressure roll

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. An electrostatic image developing toner obtained by suspension-polymerizing a polymerizable monomer composition containing at least a colorant, a polymerizable monomer, and a charge control agent, wherein the charge control agent is The copolymerization ratio of sulfonic acid group-containing (meth) acrylamide obtained by copolymerizing vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon, (meth) acrylate, and sulfonic acid group-containing (meth) acrylamide is 0.1 to 1.8% by weight. A sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer having a weight-average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene of 2,000 to 15,000 as measured by gel permeation chromatography using tetrahydrofuran was added to 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable monomer. 1
A toner for developing electrostatic images, which is contained in an amount of from 10 to 10 parts by weight. 2. An electrostatic image developing method comprising: suspension polymerizing a polymerizable monomer composition containing at least a colorant, a polymerizable monomer, and a charge control agent in an aqueous dispersion medium containing a dispersant. In the method for producing a toner, (a) a polymerizable monomer composition is obtained by copolymerizing a vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon, a (meth) acrylate, and a sulfonic acid group-containing (meth) acrylamide as a charge control agent. Sulfonic acid group-containing (meth) acrylamide having a copolymerization ratio of 0.1 to 1.
At 8% by weight, the weight average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene measured by gel permeation chromatography using tetrahydrofuran is from 2,000 to 15.0.
Of the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer of polymerizable monomer 10
A method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic image, characterized by comprising 1 to 10 parts by weight based on 0 part by weight and using a cationic inorganic dispersant as a dispersant (b).