JPH1114021A - Waste treatment equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [PROBLEMS] To remove moisture from waste before thermal decomposition without providing a waste treatment device with a drying device having a high possibility of corrosion, and to maintain a good thermal efficiency while maintaining good thermal efficiency. Provided is a waste treatment apparatus capable of improving the overall durability and reducing the size of a pyrolysis reactor and a high-temperature air heater. The waste treatment apparatus includes a pressing machine for compressing and decompressing the waste and dehydrating the waste, and a pyrolysis reaction for heating the dewatered waste and thermally decomposing the waste into a pyrolysis gas and a pyrolysis residue. Vessel, a separation device for separating the pyrolysis residue into a combustible component and a non-combustible component, and a combustion melting furnace for performing a combustion treatment on the dry distillation gas and the combustible component and for melting combustion ash into molten slag. It is comprised including.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a waste treatment apparatus, and more particularly, to a method of heating and thermally decomposing waste to produce a carbonized gas and a pyrolysis residue, which is then used as a combustible component. The present invention relates to a waste treatment apparatus which separates into non-combustible components and introduces the carbonized gas and the combustible components into a combustion melting furnace to perform combustion treatment.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Waste is supplied to a pyrolysis reactor and is heated in a low-oxygen atmosphere to one of processing apparatuses for industrial waste including general waste such as municipal waste and combustibles such as waste plastic. Pyrolyze to produce a pyrolysis gas and a pyrolysis residue consisting mainly of non-volatile components, and after cooling this pyrolysis residue, supply it to a separation device, where a combustible component mainly composed of carbon and Separated into non-combustible components consisting of rubble, such as metal and pottery, gravel, concrete pieces,
Further, the combustible component is pulverized, and the pulverized combustible component and the dry distillation gas are supplied to a combustion melting furnace to perform a combustion process, and the generated combustion ash is converted into a molten slag to cool the molten slag. 2. Description of the Related Art There is known a waste treatment apparatus which is discharged into a water tank and solidified by cooling.

In this waste treatment apparatus, a high-temperature air heater is disposed downstream of the combustion and melting furnace, and the high-temperature air heater recovers heat of the combustion gas discharged from the combustion and melting furnace. The high-temperature air obtained by the high-temperature air heater is supplied as a heating medium to a pyrolysis reactor to heat and thermally decompose waste.

For this reason, when the waste contains a large amount of water, it is necessary to supply not only the sensible heat but also the amount of heat corresponding to the latent heat of vaporization of the contained water. The amount of heat required is large and a large amount of water vapor is generated, which will be contained in the carbonization gas and the combustion gas, so that the pyrolysis reactor and the high-temperature air heater become large, resulting in construction There is a problem that the cost is high and the installation area is large.

To solve this problem, the applicant of the present invention has proposed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-49824 that the waste is supplied to a drying apparatus, heated and dried, and then introduced into a thermal decomposition reactor. However, in this waste treatment device,
Since a part of the corrosive combustion gas discharged from the combustion melting furnace is directly supplied to the drying device as a heating medium, the drying device is corroded and its durability is reduced. There is a point.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and comprises a waste treatment apparatus provided with a drying apparatus having a high possibility of corrosion. Before the pyrolysis, the moisture in the waste is removed before the pyrolysis to improve the durability of the entire system while maintaining good thermal efficiency. It is an object of the present invention to provide a waste treatment apparatus that can be made into a waste.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, there is provided a waste treatment apparatus comprising: a press for compressing and dewatering waste; and a press for heating the dewatered waste to form a carbonized gas and a pyrolysis residue. A pyrolysis reactor that thermally decomposes, a separation device that separates the pyrolysis residue into a combustible component and a non-combustible component, and performs a combustion treatment on the dry distillation gas and the combustible component, and also removes combustion ash. The apparatus is provided with a combustion melting furnace that turns into molten slag.

[0008] Further, a crusher for crushing the waste compressed by the squeezing machine is provided, and the waste crushed by the crusher is supplied to the pyrolysis reactor,
The waste that has been decompressed and dewatered by pressing with a pressing machine and is easily crushed is supplied to the crushing machine, and crushed efficiently to a predetermined size or less, for example, about 150 mm or less. To promote thermal decomposition.

Further, waste water discharged from the press, that is, waste water generated by decompressing and decompressing the waste under pressure is supplied to the inside of a combustion melting furnace or an outlet, and is treated at a high temperature to remove odor. Decomposes and prevents pollution by sewage and odor.
The press can be selected from at least one of a screw press, a roller press, and a reciprocating press.

[0010]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a waste disposal apparatus according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing an embodiment of a waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention. Waste a containing collected moisture is supplied to a pressing machine 2 by a cargo handling device 1 such as a crane to remove moisture. After being squeezed, it is pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis reactor 11. Then, the generated dry distillation gas G1 and the combustion component d 'separated and pulverized from the pyrolysis residue c are burned at a high temperature in the combustion melting furnace 12, and the combustion gas G2 is discharged to the waste heat boiler 22, After the exhaust gas G4 is made clean by the device 23 and the gas cleaning device 24, the exhaust gas is released from the chimney 25 into the atmosphere.

The pressing machine 2 is appropriately selected from a screw press, a roll press, a reciprocating press, and the like. For example, in the case of a screw press as shown in FIG.
The casing 3 includes a casing 3 formed of an inner cylinder 3a and an outer cylinder 3b formed of a perforated pipe, and a screw 4 rotated by a driving device 6. Waste a is supplied into the casing 3 from an input port 5, and the screw 4 It is transported to the discharge port 7 side while being compressed and dehydrated under pressure.

At this time, the drainage W1 squeezed out of the waste a passes through the small drainage hole 3c of the inner cylinder 3a and the outer cylinder 3b.
And is discharged from a drain pipe 8 opened in a part of the outer cylinder 3b. The wastewater W1 is supplied to the wastewater treatment device 9 shown in FIG.
And the sludge S is removed to become drainage W2, which is sprayed by a pump 28 via a line L1 in a discharge or cooling tower 29, or supplied to the furnace or outlet of the combustion melting furnace 12. Further, the removed sludge S is configured to be supplied to the pyrolysis reactor 11.

The waste a 'which has been decompressed and decompressed by the press 2 is supplied to a crusher 10 where it is crushed to a predetermined size of, for example, 150 mm or less. It is supplied to the reactor 11. This thermal decomposition reactor 11 is usually a horizontal rotary drum, is kept in a low oxygen atmosphere by a sealing mechanism, and is kept at a pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure, that is, a negative pressure by a trigger blower 26 in order to prevent gas leakage. . Then, it is heated to 300 ° C. to 600 ° C., usually to about 450 ° C. by the heated air b supplied from the high temperature air heater 13 arranged on the downstream side of the combustion melting furnace 12 via the line L2, It decomposes into a relatively low-temperature dry distillation gas G1 and mainly non-volatile pyrolysis residue c.

Next, the carbonized gas G1 and the pyrolysis residue c
Is separated by the discharge device 14, and the carbonization gas G1 is supplied to the line L3.
Is supplied to the burner 15 of the combustion melting furnace 12 and is subjected to combustion processing. One of the pyrolysis residues c is cooled to, for example, about 80 ° C. by the cooling device 16 and then supplied to the separation device 17 to be carbonized. The non-combustible component e such as metal and rubble after separation of the combustible component d mainly composed of is recovered in the container 18. The separated combustible component d is used in the pulverizer 1
9 and pulverized into fine powder having a size of, for example, 1 mm or less, and the pulverized combustible component d 'is supplied to the burner 15 of the combustion melting furnace 12 via the line L4.

In the combustion melting furnace 12, the carbonization gas G1 and the combustible component d 'are subjected to a combustion treatment in a high temperature range of about 1,300 ° C. by a combustion air f supplied from a forced blower 20 via a line L5. I do. The temperature in the furnace during this combustion process changes according to the change in the properties of the waste a, but is used to melt the exhaust gas components and combustion ash, and also to protect the furnace wall and the downstream equipment. Must be kept within a predetermined temperature range.

For this reason, the waste water W2 generated in the pressing machine 2 and from which the sludge S has been removed by the waste water treatment device 9 is used as cooling water for controlling the temperature in the furnace, and the temperature in the furnace detected by the temperature detector is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature. When it becomes, it is constituted so that it may be ejected into the furnace. Further, the wastewater W2 may be sprayed to a high-temperature gas portion at 800 ° C. or higher at the exit of the combustion melting furnace 12 to perform evaporation and deodorization.

The combustion ash generated in the combustion and melting furnace 12 becomes molten slag g, flows down along the inner surface of the furnace wall, falls into the water tank 21, and is cooled and solidified. Further, the combustion gas G2 generated in the combustion melting furnace 12 is partially recovered in the high-temperature air heater 13 on the downstream side, and is supplied to the pyrolysis reactor 11 as heated air b. The combustion gas G2 is further heat-recovered by the waste heat boiler 22 in the line L6, cooled by the temperature reducing tower 29, and then subjected to dust removal and cleaning by the dust collector 23 and the gas cleaning device 24 to obtain a clean relatively low temperature. A part of the exhaust gas G3 is supplied to the cooling device 16 as a cooling inert gas via the line L7 by the push-in blower 27, but most of the other gas is discharged from the chimney 25 to the atmosphere.

The pyrolysis reactor 11 and the combustion melting furnace 1
2. Waste heat boiler 22, dust collecting device 23, gas cleaning device 24
The line L3 and the line L6 are maintained at a pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure by the induction blower 26 to prevent the carbonization gas G1 and the combustion gas G2 from leaking.

According to the waste treatment apparatus having the above-described structure, the waste a containing water is converted into the corrosive combustion gas G2.
Is not used, and dehydration is performed by pressurizing and compressing in advance with the pressing machine 2, so that there is no need to provide a drying device that may be corroded, and the durability of the entire device can be improved.

Further, the wastewater W1 generated from the waste a by the pressing machine 2 is separated into sludge S and wastewater W2 and supplied to the pyrolysis reactor 11 and the combustion melting furnace 12, respectively. , The amount of heat required in the thermal decomposition reactor 11 and the high-temperature air heater 13 can be reduced in size.

Then, the waste a ′ compressed by the pressing machine 2 is crushed, and the crushed waste a ″ is supplied to the pyrolysis reactor 11 so that the waste a is added by the pressing machine 2. Since it is compressed and dehydrated and easily crushed, it can be crushed efficiently, and the waste a ″ is crushed and its surface area is very large. Since the thermal decomposition is promoted, the thermal decomposition reactor 11 can be made more compact.

The wastewater W1 and W2 generated from the waste a in the drying apparatus 1 have a bad smell,
By supplying this as chilled water,
Since it can be thermally decomposed at a temperature of 00 ° C. or higher, it is possible to prevent the generation of pollution due to this malodor. Further, since water is separated by pressurization and compression at a low temperature in the pressing machine 2, there is no need to worry about melting of plastic in the waste a and generation of dry distillation gas, and further, a heating line and a heating device are not required. , And the construction cost can be reduced.

[0023]

As is clear from the above description, according to the waste treatment apparatus of the present invention, the dehydration of waste containing water is performed by pressurizing and compressing the waste in advance with a pressing machine. It is no longer necessary to provide a drying device with a good quality, and the durability of the entire device can be improved.

Furthermore, the wastewater generated from the waste by the press is separated into sludge and wastewater and supplied to the pyrolysis reactor and the combustion melting furnace, respectively, so that the amounts of the steam contained in the carbonization gas and the combustion gas are reduced. Since each can be reduced,
The size of the thermal decomposition reactor and the high temperature air heater can be reduced.

Since the waste compressed by the pressing machine is crushed and then supplied to the pyrolysis reactor, the waste is pressurized and compressed by the pressing machine, dehydrated, and easily crushed. Since the crushing can be performed efficiently and the thermal decomposition in the thermal decomposition reactor can be promoted, the thermal decomposition reactor can be made more compact.

By supplying wastewater with odor generated from waste in the drying device as cooling water for the combustion melting furnace, the odor can be thermally decomposed in a high temperature range, thereby preventing the generation of pollution due to the odor. it can.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a system diagram of an example of an embodiment of a waste disposal apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic side sectional view of one embodiment of a pressing machine applied to the waste disposal apparatus according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Cargo handling apparatus 2 ... Compressor 3 ... Casing 4 ... Screw 5 ... Input port 6 ... Drive device 7 ... Discharge port 8 ... Drain pipe 9 ... Water treatment apparatus 10 ... Crusher 11 ... Pyrolysis reactor 12 ... Combustion melting furnace DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 13 ... High-temperature air heater 14 ... Discharge device 15 ... Burner 16 ... Cooling device 17 ... Separation device 18 ... Container 19 ... Crusher 20, 27 ... Push-blower 21 ... Water tank 22 ... Waste heat boiler 23 ... Dust collector 24 ... Gas Cleaning device 25 ... Chimney 26 ... Incentive blower 28 ... Pump 29 ... Cooling tower

──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code FI F23G 5/027 ZAB F23G 5/16 ZABE 5/033 ZAB F23J 1/00 B 5/16 ZAB B09B 3/00 ZAB F23J 1/00 302G 303K (72) Inventor Hiroyuki Fujio 5-6-4 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Mitsui Engineering Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Naoki Yokoo 1-6-1, Osaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo Sanzo Environmental Engineering Stock In company

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A pressing machine for compressing and decompressing waste to dewater it, a pyrolysis reactor for heating the dewatered waste to pyrolyze it into a carbonization gas and pyrolysis residue, A separation device for separating the residue into a combustible component and a non-combustible component,
A waste treatment apparatus configured to include a combustion melting furnace configured to perform a combustion process on the carbonized gas and the combustible component and to convert combustion ash into molten slag. 2. The waste treatment according to claim 1, further comprising a crusher for crushing the waste compressed by the press, and supplying the waste crushed by the crusher to the pyrolysis reactor. apparatus. 3. The waste treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein waste water discharged from the pressing machine is supplied into the combustion melting furnace. 4. The waste treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein waste water discharged from the press is supplied to an outlet of the combustion melting furnace. 5. The waste disposal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pressing machine comprises at least one of a screw press, a roller press, and a reciprocating press.