JPH11102155A - Precession phenomena projector at the planetarium - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] [Problem] Mathematical correction of the three axes to enable natural faithful projection of precession phenomena, suitable for the equator, the ecliptic, the real sky pole, the associated longitude and latitude lines, and the explanation The projector has mounting parts 1 and 2 that can be rotated at axes AA, BB, and CC that intersect at one point M and that are arranged at right angles to each other. Are not precession axes that extend past the ecliptic pole EP,
The mounting units 1 and 2 are a star projector 3 for projecting a starry sky.
And at least one to project the equator, ecliptic, current celestial pole, attached graticules and descriptions
It also has a base projection device. The at least one projection device (13) has three orthogonally directed axes (A) with the ecliptic pole (EP).
A; BB; CC) are on the connecting line g with the intersection (M), and the three axes remain fixed in the air during the precession of the stellar sphere.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for projecting a precession phenomenon in a planetarium, which can rotate around three axes facing at right angles, and has a built-in star projector. It has a planetarium projection device.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Since the invention of the planetarium projector, the starry sky has been created by the use of more individual star (generally 32) projectors. In order to create a dense and accurate starry sky, each projector that produced one frame of the starry sky each time,
It is arranged facing a predetermined position. For a simulation where you can observe all the movement of the starry sky from the earth,
Projectors made according to these principles can rotate about more axes (US 1616 736: US
1693 969). The axes have different functions, and appear in an `` inside to outside '' order according to the order of arrangement, i.e., when the device rotates about the axis, the other inner axes become While changing the three-dimensional position, another axis outside maintains that position.

In a device of a typical structure, the innermost axis is used to simulate the rotation (precession) of the earth,
The central axis is for the simulation of the Earth's daily rotation, and the outermost axis is the pole change (Polhoehenaenderung-p) for the change in latitude due to the movement of the observer on the earth.
ole-height-change). Later on, another fourth axis, perpendicular to the outside, was added to this arrangement (Jena
= See Lundschau appendix, 3/86, especially page 9.)
The use of this axis accompanies the simulation of the viewpoint in the sky direction of the observer. In addition, by using this axis, a realistic projection can be performed.

[0004] By acquiring such an operation capability of the projection apparatus, the shifting of the viewpoint of the observer can realize the natural view of the sky. Natural phenomena are likewise created by the action of the corresponding axes in the projection device.
A projection device with a different structure is described in DE 1 303 503
(Spitz), US 4 639 224 (Minolta) and US 4 588 38
4 (Minolta).

While such devices can indeed rotate in a certain order about three axes, the arrangement of the devices does not allow the natural projection of nature. More precisely, the principle is that one axis is arranged at right angles to the next axis in each of its orders. If these axes are controlled by a computer, the movements and conditions of the celestial body can be made effective by appropriate software.

[0006] The advantage of such a system is its great flexibility. According to the invention, if a structural solution is made, only the actual movement around the earth can be imitated, but with the pure mathematical solution described above,
Planet-centered and spaceflight projections are also possible, allowing instant or rapid switching to other events while projecting natural and future events.

[0007] Because of these advantages, these mathematical solutions are very often employed today in typical projection systems. Such devices also have the following disadvantages.
By modifying the structure of the precession axis, all of the precession phenomena can be projected by rotation of only the innermost axis of the device. But this axis lacks a three-axis mathematical solution. By adding three axes realized as additional parts and calculating the precession motion into three variable parts according to a certain function created by combining the desired rotation of the starry sky, the required movement of the starry sky is Yes, it can.

[0008]

However, the effect of precession can be concretely understood only by moving the starry sky relative to the astronomical observation base line projected in the same way as the equator and the ecliptic. Although these projection devices cannot represent precession as a realistic simulation,
Daily movements and changes in poles can be expressed in the same way as in reality. A structural fix is a very simple solution to mechanically secure the projector for these baselines to the periphery that is involved in the movement of all other axes, rather than the innermost axis. Enable the solution. The three-axis mathematical correction has no such peripherals.

[0009] The equatorial and ecliptic projectors must be mechanically coupled up and down with the star projectors.
Neither of the images projected by the two can move with each other. Therefore, neither for astronomy classes nor for all the phenomena based on the movement of the growing point of the starry sky, can be essentially expressed. This is especially relevant for phenomena of cultural historical significance that are popular with typical planetarium projectors.

For this reason, two breakthroughs are currently in practical use. One is the fourth year-old planetarium projector, which is formed as a stellar sphere, like the Gotoh Optics Space Simulator (simulation device) HELIOS (GSS-HELIOS) (Gotoh Optics) pamphlet). Either further incorporate the differential motion axis on the innermost side to defeat the mathematical principle of axes placed at right angles to each other, or secondly, the projected line is accurate, but required for all other calendar days. Rather, they have found a breakthrough by limiting the use of the equator and the equator to only those days where the line has a changeable position. However, when using a planetarium in a class or the like, such a projection has a very important meaning. Therefore, the use of such a projection device would be very frustrating if such projections were not possible.

[0011]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to mathematically modify three axes so as to enable a natural faithful projection of precession phenomena, and to provide equator, ecliptic, real sky poles, and background information. The aim is to create a projector which is suitable for the stitches and the description, so that the disadvantages of the current technology are easily eliminated without adding a similar fourth axis inside.

[0012] In addition, the mechanical mounting part (Traeger-
The form of bearer, sustainer, carrier, suuport) is often a sphere or a partial sphere, and such a machine-mounted portion is usually called a “stellate sphere”, but does not necessarily have to have a sphere. The only important thing is that each stellar projector is located in the correct position on its mounting.

[0013] The object of the present invention is to provide a method according to the features by means of a device according to the generic concept of the first claim, ie the equator, the ecliptic and the associated equator so that two special conditions are fulfilled. The problem can be solved by attaching the longitude / latitude projector to the three-axis type stellar sphere, which is suitable for the invention. Details of the invention and other embodiments are set out in the other claims.

When mathematically corrected, precession is realized by dividing the motion into three according to a function of the three axes. Therefore, when the three axes are used simultaneously, a stellar sphere having a stellar projector will have a projected ecliptic. It is important to note in particular that it rotates about a virtual axis that does not exist between the North Pole of the Earth and the South Pole of the Ecliptic. This rotation involves all points of the stellar sphere, except for those points that are on the virtual axis, that is, on a straight line connecting the ecliptic poles projected onto the planetarium dome by the star projector. Since this function is predetermined, while precession occurs in the dome space, the straight line is fixed in space and its direction does not change. The projection device according to the present invention is installed on the straight line inside or on the surface of the stellar sphere. This is the first condition.

For a realistic simulation, the equatorial, ecliptic, projected by the projection device while the projected starry sky is rotating around the ecliptic pole in the manner described above.
The image of each line and description must be fixed in the space inside the dome. This is achieved because:
If the projection device is arranged to be rotatable in a stellar sphere, the rotation axis must be located on the connecting straight line according to the first condition, while the movement is in the opposite direction at the same speed as the stellar sphere. There must be. This is the second condition.

The precession phenomenon projection device according to the present invention satisfies both requirements. Although the precession axis is not realized by a machine but is a virtual axis, during precession, a straight line fixed in space is also fixed by the projection of the starry sky, while the star projector is firmly connected to the stellar sphere Therefore, the bearings of the rotatable projection device are firmly fixed in the stellar sphere together with the small drive.

Further, in any case, the velocity function required for the rotation of the projector is entitled to the precession as expected before the rotation of the stellar sphere is divided into three parts. Takes over immediately. Thus, for example, a fixed image of the equator or the ecliptic can be set on the projector in the form of one or several slides. Whichever date you want, the exact status is provided. In the case of a 4-axis stellar sphere,
For the rotation of the fourth axis, the design and manufacturing costs of a device with a full set of slip rings, bearings and complete computer control to allow rotation of the stellar sphere about the fourth axis are high. As a result, the device according to the invention can eliminate the disadvantage of the expensive four-shaft type.

[0018]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In an embodiment of the present invention, in order to project an accurate image, one projector incorporates at least one or several auxiliary projectors, and the auxiliary projector can be adjusted. And are arranged in a common mounting part. The auxiliary projectors can be adjusted to a desired projection position, and are arranged at predetermined spatial positions within the projection device.

The projection apparatus according to the present invention is characterized in that an annular or panoramic projection apparatus disposed inside or on the surface of the mounting portion is formed by a straight line whose optical axis extends through the intersection M with the ecliptic pole EP. It is located in. The part related to the optics outside the projection device includes a concentric Fresnel lens (Ringlinse-echelon lens) having a reflecting surface or a reflecting surface portion.
s, concentric Fresnel lens). To be able to project the ecliptic pole itself, the concentric Fresnel lens can have any central opening or a non-reflective transparent center.

The advantage is not the whole projection device,
The slide of the annular projection device is to rotate about the optical axis in a suitable holder. The drive for rotation, the bearings and the entire projection device are fixed in the stellar sphere.
The planetarium projector can be fixed inside the dome of the planetarium such that the intersection M of the three axes is located at or near the center point of the dome.

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples. A typical planetarium projector of the state of the art shown in FIG. 1 is capable of rotating about four axes AA, BB, CC and DD, and provides star projectors 3 and 4 for northern and southern hemisphere stars. It has the machine mounting parts 1 and 2. The machine mounts 1 and 2 are rotatably connected to a central part 7 via wedge-shaped structures 5 and 6. This central part 7 is
The column or mount 8 of the device so that it can rotate around the BB
The gantry 8 is installed in a structure called a foundation 9 so that it can rotate about an axis AA.

In this planetarium projector, the stellar projectors 3 and 4 are fixedly arranged facing each other on the machine mounts 1 and 2, and finally the machine mounts 1 and 2
It is possible to rotate around the axes AA, BB, CC and DD. In this case, the four axes have an arrangement such that when the axis DD, which now indicates the innermost axis, rotates, the positions of the remaining axes AA, BB and CC are fixed in space. During rotation of the axis CC, the axes AA and BB are fixed, and the position of the axis DD changes.

Thus, rotation of axis BB moves axes CC and DD simultaneously, but does not affect the position of axis AA in space. Here, when the axis AA indicating the outermost axis rotates, the remaining axes BB, CC, and DD all move in space. The four axes AA, BB, CC and DD all intersect at a common intersection, which is also the center point of the spherical inner surface of the planetarium dome. The structures that make up the projection device are clearly distinguished by their involvement in the rotation of the four axes. The mounting units 1 and 2 having the stellar projectors 3 and 4
Involved in the rotation of all four axes AA, BB, CC and DD, both mounting parts 1 and 2 are fixed facing each other.

The wedge-shaped structures 5 and 6 participate in the movement of the axes AA, BB and CC, but do not move when the axis DD is rotated. The structures 5 and 6 are equipped with a projection device for projecting the equator, the ecliptic and its associated longitude and latitude lines, hereinafter referred to as the ecliptic projector 10; 10 'and the equatorial projector 11; 11'. ing. The central part 7 is not involved in the movement of the axes CC and DD, but changes position during rotation of the axes AA and BB. Therefore, the gantry 8 does not change its position during the movement of the axes BB, CC and DD, but participates in the rotation of the axis AA. The foundation 9 is always fixed in space even when all four axes rotate.

The astronomical meaning of each rotation in a realistic simulation is as follows. Rotation of axis DD: Gyroscope movement. axis
The two poles of the DD indicate the north and south poles of the ecliptic. Rotation of axis CC:
Earth's daily rotation. The poles on axis CC indicate north and south of the sky pole. Rotation of axis BB: Geographic latitude variation of the observation point. Axis BB
Indicates the east and west points for the observer at that time. Rotation of axis AA: fluctuation of the observer's line of sight. Axis AA
Indicates the zenith and nadir of the observation point.

The three-axis stellar sphere according to the state of the art shown in FIG. 2 has machine mounts 1 and 2 having star projectors 3 and 4, with a central part 12 between the machine mounts. Are arranged, and the three axes AA, BB and
Intersection M of CC is located. There is no axis DD in this three axis type. However, this innermost axis DD is a planetarium projector located on a straight line defined by axis DD (FIG. 1) at the start of the combined movement due to the combined movement of axes AA, BB and CC by a preset function. Are held as "virtual axes" that rotate in such a way as to maintain a fixed position in the planetarium dome during the combined movement. Under such conditions, the function is determined. The device described in FIG. 2 allows the simulation of the astronomical movement of the starry sky of the ecliptic pole EP with the remaining combined movement of the three axes AA, BB and CC.

Since the wedge-shaped structures 5 and 6 are not present in the stellar sphere projector shown in FIG. 2, the ecliptic, equatorial and associated line projectors 10; 10 ';11; It must be mounted on the mounting units 1 and 2 together with the machines 3 and 4. However, this makes the star immobile with respect to such projections and lines. This means that the projection of the universe is limited to a small amount of time. In fact,
Here, the year 2000 is often selected. For this reason, accurate simulations of the past and the future cannot be performed.

[0028]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS As shown in FIG.
This serious drawback is caused by the fact that the equatorial, ecliptic, celestial pole, attached lines and the projection device 13 which can be rotated in advance are installed in the 3-axis planetarium projection device mounting unit 1 in addition to the star projectors 3 and 4. Is removed. What is important here is that the axis 14 is the axis AA,
Since the rotation of the mounting parts 1 and 2 having the star projectors 3 and 4 is stopped again by the movement of the axis 14 on the connecting straight line of the intersection M of BB and CC, the projection device 13 It is fixed in space and does not move. The projection device 13 may be disposed only on the mounting portion 2 without being disposed on the mounting portion 1, or may be disposed separately on the mounting portion 1 and the mounting portion 2. A gear device directly or interposed by the shaft 14 for driving the projection device 13
(Not shown), the driving device 15
It is fixed to the inside or the surface of the mounting section 1.

FIG. 4 shows a planetarium projection device which is not a spherical shape as shown in FIG. 3 but is equipped with two mechanical mounting portions 1 and 2 which are arranged off the center. It is arranged on the part 1 so that it can be rotated by a shaft 14 and driven by a drive 15. As already detailed, axes AA, BB and CC intersect at center point M. Projector 13
Is adjusted so that it lies on the connecting line between the center point M and the ecliptic pole EP, so that it no longer has a radius with respect to the mounting part 1 drawn as a hemisphere in FIG. .

FIG. 5 shows a projection device 13 according to the invention for the equator, the ecliptic, the associated lines and the description, for example on a shaft 14 mounted on a bearing 17 on the surface or inside of the mounting 1. To position. In addition, a drive device 15, which is connected to the shaft 14 directly or via a gear device interposed therebetween, is fixed in the mounting portion 1. The projection device 13 has a number of auxiliary projectors 18, each of which is used for projecting a specific image, and that the auxiliary image is rotated 360 degrees so that no gap is formed at the joint of the projected images. It is located in a position that ensures it. Providing light to each auxiliary projector 18 from a common central light source (not shown) is an advantage, but not necessary.

FIG. 6 shows a projection device formed as an annular projection device, which not only has an illuminating device for a projection slide 19 with a light source 20 and a condenser lens 21, but also It also has an imager with a positive optical system 22 and a concentric Fresnel lens 23 formed as a reflector.

The concentric Fresnel lens 23 has a reflecting surface 24 that enables image formation at 360 degrees by reversing the direction of the image forming optical path to the inner surface of the dome. Slide 19 on which the image is projected
Is tightly set in a holder 25, which is connected directly or via a gear device 27 to a drive 26 used as a motor, by means of a drive together with a slide 19 located on this holder.
It can rotate around the optical axis 28 of the annular projection device. The annular projection device including the driving device 26 and the gear device 27 is fixed to the inside or the surface of the machine mounting portion 1, and has the advantage that only a light-weight holder on which the slide 19 is set is rotated by the optical axis 28. is there. The optical axis 28 overlapping the rotation axis of the slide 19 must be located on the connecting straight line between the center point M and the ecliptic pole EP.

Further advantages result from passing through the annular projection device. Concentric Fresnel lens 2 for annularly projecting an image
Since the central portion 29 of 3 does not move, the central portion 29 can pass light rays, and can be used together with the projection of the ecliptic pole EP itself in the direction.

In FIG. 7, the projection device 13 on the surface of the mounting portion 1 is used to specifically explain the size ratio of the realized projection device 13 to the star projector 3 and the mounting portion 1.
(Approximately 1: 2 scale), and the dimensions of the projection device described above were reduced to approximately the scale to prove that the costs were clearly reduced compared to the mechanical and electrical implementation for rotating the four-axis device. It is expressed in. For example, in the embodiment, the diameter of the mounting portion is 1100 mm, and the diameter of the projection device is 115 mm.

The projection device 13 has a case 30 fixed by a holder 31. Holder 31 is axis M-
Bearing 3 placed on mounting part 1 so that it can rotate with EP
3, where the axis represents the connecting line g of FIG. The driving device 15
The projection device 13 is connected to the gear 34 by the holder 31 and rotates about the axis M-EP. Auxiliary projection device
A central light source 35 for supplying light to 18 and 18 '(used for equator, ecliptic, graticule and description, etc.), or another projection device (not shown), is pre-installed inside the case 30 beforehand. ing.

The auxiliary projection devices 18 and 18 'need not be diametrically opposed. The intended image is indeed captured in every illuminated area, but the off-axis light (as evidenced by the dashed lines 39; 40 in FIG. 7)
The optical axis 37 of the auxiliary projector should be protected from shadows by the star projector 3 or other parts arranged on the mounting surface.
And 38 must be adjusted correctly. The planetarium projection device is installed in a dome (not shown) such that its intersection point M is within or very close to the center point of the planetarium dome.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a state-of-the-art four-axis planetarium projection device.

FIG. 2 shows a state-of-the-art three-axis stellar sphere projector.

FIG. 3 shows an arrangement of a three-axis stellar sphere projector according to the invention.

FIG. 4 shows an arrangement of the device according to the invention of a stellar sphere projector having two off-center hemispheres.

FIG. 5 is a projection apparatus having an auxiliary projector.

FIG. 6 shows a projection device formed as an annular projection device.

FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the projection device attached to the mounting unit.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1, 2 mounting part

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Klaus Dieter Schaff (name in the original language) Klaus-Dieter Scharf Germany D-78126 Kenixfeld Martinsweiler Mühlehen 13 (address in the original language) Mühlehen 13 D-78126 Koenigsfeld-Martinsweiler, Germany (72) Inventor Ludwig Meier (Original name) Ludwig Meier Germany D-07745 Jena Fritz Reuters Strasse r. 33, D-07745 Jena, Germany

Claims (13)

[Claims] 1. At least one mounting part, rotatable on three axes arranged at right angles to one another at one point, all of said axes passing through the ecliptic pole. Not only the precession axis extending out, and the mounting not only has a star projector to project the starry sky, but also the equator,
A planetarium projection device for precession phenomena, comprising at least one projection device for projecting the ecliptic, the current celestial pole, the associated graticule, and the description.
And possibly two projection devices (13) on a straight line g extending through the intersection (M) of the ecliptic pole (EP) and three mutually orthogonal axes (AA; BB; CC) Wherein at least one mounting portion (1 and / or 2) is arranged. 2. At least one projection device (13) includes a mounting unit
It is located on a rotation axis (14) in or on (1) which lies on a straight line (g) extending through the intersection (M) and the ecliptic pole (EP), and Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the device (13) is rotatable about this straight line g. 3. A projection device (13) for rotating a straight line (g) has the same speed as that of the mounting unit (1), but rotates in the opposite direction in order to reliably fix an image projected in the planetarium dome in the air. 3. The device according to claim 2, wherein 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one projection device includes at least one auxiliary projector for reliably projecting an image. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims. 5. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said auxiliary projector can be arranged at a desired projection position.
Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims. 6. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said auxiliary projectors are fixed three-dimensionally facing each other in at least one projection device. The device according to one of the preceding claims. 7. At least one projection device (13) is an annular projection device or a panoramic projection device, which is arranged in or on the mounting part (1) and whose optical axis is
Device according to claim 1, characterized in that (28) lies on a straight line (g) extending through the intersection M with the ecliptic pole (EP). 8. The concentric Fresnel lens (23) having a reflective surface (24) or a reflective surface portion, wherein the outer eye portion of the annular or panoramic projection device is a reflective surface. Apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 7. 9. The concentric Fresnel lens according to claim 8, wherein the concentric Fresnel lens has an optional central opening or central portion that can project through the ecliptic pole itself. apparatus. 10. A slide (19) or an object to be projected by each of said annular projection devices or panoramic projection devices is installed in or on a mounting portion (1) storing said projectors. The slide (1)
9) is set in a holder 25, and this holder is driven by a driving device or a motor disposed in the mounting portion (1) to thereby control the optical axis of the annular projection device or the panoramic projection device.
Device according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that it rotates in (28). 11. A holder (25) on which a slide (19) is set is rotated at the same speed as the mounting portion 1 but in the opposite direction to securely fix an image projected on the dome of the planetarium in the air. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein: 12. The device according to claim 1, wherein the mounting is formed as a stellar sphere. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the intersection (M) of the three axes (AA; BB; CC) is located at the center point or near point of the dome of the planetarium. The described device.