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JPH10508524A - ２つの物体を互いに相対移動させる装置 - Google Patents

２つの物体を互いに相対移動させる装置

Info

Publication number
JPH10508524A
JPH10508524A JP8515786A JP51578696A JPH10508524A JP H10508524 A JPH10508524 A JP H10508524A JP 8515786 A JP8515786 A JP 8515786A JP 51578696 A JP51578696 A JP 51578696A JP H10508524 A JPH10508524 A JP H10508524A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
state
cavity
tube
protrusion
members
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP8515786A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
スーベイラン，アルノー，アンドレ
Original Assignee
スーベイラン，アルノー，アンドレ
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR9413724A external-priority patent/FR2726757B1/fr
Application filed by スーベイラン，アルノー，アンドレ filed Critical スーベイラン，アルノー，アンドレ
Publication of JPH10508524A publication Critical patent/JPH10508524A/ja
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/38—Joints for elbows or knees
    • A61F2/3836—Special connection between upper and lower leg, e.g. constrained
    • A61F2/384—Special connection between upper and lower leg, e.g. constrained hinged, i.e. with transverse axle restricting the movement
    • A61F2/3845—Special connection between upper and lower leg, e.g. constrained hinged, i.e. with transverse axle restricting the movement allowing only for single rotation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers, e.g. stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
    • A61B17/7002—Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods
    • A61B17/7014—Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods with means for adjusting the distance between two screws or hooks
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/72—Intramedullary devices, e.g. pins or nails
    • A61B17/7216—Intramedullary devices, e.g. pins or nails for bone lengthening or compression
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/24—Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
    • A61F2/2442—Annuloplasty rings or inserts for correcting the valve shape; Implants for improving the function of a native heart valve
    • A61F2/2445—Annuloplasty rings in direct contact with the valve annulus
    • A61F2/2448—D-shaped rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/72—Intramedullary devices, e.g. pins or nails
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/44—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/48—Operating or control means, e.g. from outside the body, control of sphincters
    • A61F2/482—Electrical means
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/28—Bones
    • A61F2002/2825—Femur
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/28—Bones
    • A61F2002/2892—Tibia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30003—Material related properties of the prosthesis or of a coating on the prosthesis
    • A61F2002/3006—Properties of materials and coating materials
    • A61F2002/30065—Properties of materials and coating materials thermoplastic, i.e. softening or fusing when heated, and hardening and becoming rigid again when cooled
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30003—Material related properties of the prosthesis or of a coating on the prosthesis
    • A61F2002/3006—Properties of materials and coating materials
    • A61F2002/30079—Properties of materials and coating materials magnetic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30108—Shapes
    • A61F2002/30199—Three-dimensional shapes
    • A61F2002/30224—Three-dimensional shapes cylindrical
    • A61F2002/30235—Three-dimensional shapes cylindrical tubular, e.g. sleeves
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    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30108—Shapes
    • A61F2002/30199—Three-dimensional shapes
    • A61F2002/30224—Three-dimensional shapes cylindrical
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2002/30329—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2002/30331—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementarily-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit
    • A61F2002/30354—Cylindrically-shaped protrusion and recess, e.g. cylinder of circular basis
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2002/30329—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
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    • A61F2002/30362—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementarily-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit with possibility of relative movement between the protrusion and the recess
    • A61F2002/30364—Rotation about the common longitudinal axis
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    • A61F2002/30329—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2002/30331—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementarily-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit
    • A61F2002/30362—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementarily-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit with possibility of relative movement between the protrusion and the recess
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    • A61F2002/30329—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
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Abstract

(57)【要約】 第１部材および第２部材(11，12)と、第１部材を第１物体に結合する第１手段(16)と、第２部材を第２物体に結合する第２手段(17)と、２つの部材の間に力を加える手段(15)と、２つの部材の一方(11)に固定された突起部(14)と、突起部(14)の少なくとも一部の形状と逆の形状で、他方の部材(12)に形成されたキャビティ(13)とを有し、第１部材および第２部材は、突起部(14)がキャビティ(13)中に挿入されたまま互いに相対移動可能な状態に取り付けられており、キャビティ(13)が形成された部材(12)は、変形しない固い第１状態から変形可能な軟質な第２状態へ、またはこの逆方向へ変化可能な第１材料で作られており、変形しない固い第１状態では加えられた力の作用で突起部(14)が第１材料を変形できない状態にあり、変形可能な柔軟な第２状態では加えられた力の作用で突起部(14)が第１材料中に侵入し、第１材料が突起部(14)の周囲でクリープし、突起部を支持する部材(11)は実質的に変形しない第２材料で作られており、さらにキャビティ(13)を取り囲む第１材料の少なくとも一部(19)を第１状態から第２状態、またその逆方向へ変化させる手段を有する、第１と第２の物体(1，2)を互いに相対移動させる装置。人体にインプラントするのに適した人工骨の製造に適用できる。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 ２つの物体を互いに相対移動させる装置 本発明は２つの物体を互いに相対移動させる装置に関するものである。本発明 装置は人体等にインプラントする人工骨の製造で特に有利に利用できる。 移動を制御しながら２つの物体を互いに相対移動させる必要のある用途は多数 ある。両物体が被覆されていないか、空間が広いか、アクセスが容易な場合には 、２つの物体を移動させたり制御することは比較的容易にできるが、両物体に直 接アクセスできない場合にはそうはいかない。例えば、子供にインプラントされ た人工骨の２つの部分を成長に合わせて互いに相対移動させたい場合や、応力を 加えて人体の変形を矯正する器具の２つの部分を移動させて再調整する場合等の 場合である。 本発明の目的は、アクセスが困難であったり、難しい環境にあったり、場所が 狭い等の場合でも２つの物体を極めて容易に相対移動させることができるような 構造を有する、従って、人工骨やインプラント器具に特に有利に適用可能な装置 を提供することにある。 本発明の対象は下記構成を有することを特徴とする第１と第２の物体を互いに 相対移動させる装置にある： (1) 第１部材と第２部材とを有し、さらに、 (2) 第１部材を第１物体に結合する第１手段と、 (3) 第２部材を第２物体に結合する第２手段と、 (4) 両部材間に力を加える手段と、 (5) 一方の部材と一体な突起部と、 (6) この突起部の少なくとも一部の逆の形状をしている、他方の部材に形成され たキャビティとを有し、 (7) 第１部材と第２部材はキャビティに突起部が嵌合するように互いに相対移動 可能に取り付けられており、 (8) キャビティが形成された部材は、変形しない固い第１状態から変形可能な軟 質な第２状態へ、またはこの逆方向へ変化可能な第１材料で作られており、変形 しない固い第１状態では加えられた力の作用で突起部が第１材料を変形できない 状態にあり、変形可能な柔軟な第２状態では加えられた力の作用で突起部が第１ 材料中に侵入し、第１材料が突起部の周囲でクリープし、突起部を支持する部材 は実質的に変形しない第２材料で作られており、さらに (9) キャビティを取り囲む第１材料の少なくとも一部を第１状態から第２状態、 またその逆方向へ変化させる手段を有している。 本発明の上記以外の特徴および利点は添付図面を参照した以下の説明から明ら かになるであろう。しかし、本発明が下記実施例に限定されるものではない。 図１、図２は２つの異なる作動状態にある第１と第２の物体を相対移動させる ための本発明装置の実施例の概念図。 図３は本発明装置を応用した例えば子供の脛骨上部の代わりに用いられる人工 骨セグメントの実施例の概念的断面図。 図４は外科的に脊柱を矯正する可変長さのロッドに本発明装置を応用した実施 例の概念的断面図。 図５、図６は大腿骨のような長い骨を長くするために用いられる髄内釘に本発 明装置を応用した実施例の２つの概念的縦断面図で、図６は図５の線VI−VI断面 であり、図５は図６の線Ｖ −Ｖ断面である。 添付の６つの図面は本発明の異なる実施例の装置を示しているが、理解を容易 にするために、同じ要素には各図面で異なる要素で示した場合でも、同じ参照番 号を付けてある。 図１、図２は第１の物体と第２の物体を互いに相対移動するための装置の一つ の実施例を示している。この装置は第１部材11および第２部材12と、第１部材11 を第１物体１に結合する第１手段16と、第２部材12を第２物体２に結合する第１ 手段17とを有している。部材11、12を物体１、２に結合する手段は任意で、物体 を構成する材料の種類、部材を構成する材料の種類、装置を構成する要素の機能 、装置の用途等に応じて当業者はこの手段を容易に選択することができる。手段 16、17の具体的な態様は本発明装置の特殊用途の場合について以下で説明する。 ２つの部材11、12の間に力を加えるための手段15が設けられている。力は両部 材間に直接加えるか、例えば図１、図２に示すように第２物体２を介して間接的 に加えてもよい。両部材11と12の間に力を加えるこの手段は任意形式のものでも よく、引張り型または押圧型のもの、あるいは弾性体、その他にすることができ る。この手段15の特殊態様は以下で説明する。 一方の部材、図示した実施例では部材11と一体な突起部14はこの突起部14の少 なくとも一部と逆(complementaire)の形状をした、他方の部材12に形成されたキ ャビティ（凹部）13に嵌合する。両部材11、12は、後で説明するように、第２部 材12に形成されたキャビティに突起部14が常に侵入した状態かつ移動可能な状態 で、互いに相対して取り付けられている。 両部材11、12の相対移動を容易かつ安全にするために、両部材の移動を案内す る手段が設けられている。この案内手段は参 照番号22で概念的に示してある。その特殊実施態様は以下で説明する。 キャビティ13が形成された部材12は「変形しない固い第１状態」から「変形可 能な柔軟な第２状態」へ変化でき、またこの逆方向へ変化できる第１材料の材料 で作られている。「変形しない固い第１状態」とは、突出部14に加えられた力の 作用では材料を変形することができない状態であり、「変形可能な柔軟な第２状 態」とは、同じ力の作用で突起部14が材料中に侵入すなわち移動し、材料が突出 部14の周囲でクリープできる状態である。一方、突起部14と一体な部材11は実質 的に変形しない第２材料で作られている。 本明細書では「クリープ(fluer)」という用語の代りに「流れる(couler)」と いうことがあるが、これらの用語は同じ結果が得られる同じ機能を意味する用語 である。 第１状態から第２状態へ変える方法は種々の方法で行うことができる。その最 も有利な方法は第１材料を一定の熱量を吸収したときに軟化する材料で作ること である。 本発明装置は第１材料を一方の状態から他方の状態またはその逆方向へ変える 手段を備えている。図１、図２ではこの制御手段はボックス18で概念的に示して あり、これは第１材料の少なくとも部分19を第１状態から第２状態またその逆方 向へ変えることができる。突起部14と一体な部材11に加わる力の作用によって移 動する方向に対して突起部14の前方にある第１材料の少なくとも一部19はキャビ ティ13の壁を区画している。 上記の装置の機能は下記の通りである： 装置が先ず最初に図１に示した状態にあると仮定する。第１材料は上記定義の ように変形しない固い第１状態にある。この 状態では突起部14は前方および後方の両方向でキャビティ13の固い壁と接触し、 保持される。両物体１、２は所定の距離を置いて互いに離れている。 今、両物体１、２を互いに離す方向へ移動したい場合には、手段18を所定時間 駆動して第１材料の少なくとも一部19の状態を（第１状態から第２状態へ）変え る。第１材料が柔らかくなると、突起部14はキャビティ13の固い壁によって保持 されなくなり、手段15（図示した実施例では例えばバネによる弾性スラスト力） によって加わる力で、両部材11、12は互いに離れ、その移動によって両物体１、 ２も離反する。 部材11が部材12に対して相対移動する間、第１材料の部分19は突起部の周囲で 「クリープ」または「流れ」、部材11の移動によって部材11の移動方向で突起部 14の背後に残った隙間は部材12によって満たされる。 両部材11、12、従って両物体１、２が所定距離だけ離れた時に、例えば手段18 に指令を出して第１材料の軟化を止める。第１材料は変形しない固い第１状態へ 戻る。その結果キャビティ13の壁の前方部分に対する突出部14の並進運動が阻止 される。キャビティ13は図２に点線で示した初期位置20から第２位置21へ「移動 」している。しかし、部材12の中に挿入された突起部14を取り囲んだ部材12の材 料は全て変形しない固い第１状態へ戻っているので、両部材11、12の相対位置は 固定され、両部材は接近・離反のいずれの移動も阻止される。 例えば手段18を周期的に駆動することによって部材12を構成する第１材料の少 なくとも一部19を第１状態から第２状態に変えることができる。そうするたとに よって、両物体１、２を徐々に離反でき、また、その離反移動を制御しながら行 うことが できる。 同様な方法で両物体を互いに接近させることもできることはを明らかである。 この場合には両部材11、12間に上記実施例のようなスラスト力ではなく引張り力 を加える。 上記の装置は医療人工骨を人体にインプラントするのに特に有利である。以下 、その３つの実施例を示す。 図３に示した第１実施例は、例えば子供の長骨切除用の人工骨セグメントで、 この人工骨セグメントは図１、図２を参照して定義した要素を全て含んでいる。 本発明装置のこの実施例では、２つの物体１、２は例えば２つの円筒チューブ32 、33の端部30、31で構成され、円筒チューブ32は突起部14を有する部材11を構成 し、端部30は例えば残留骨と人工骨セグメントとを結合する手段を構成し、端部 31は例えば別の人工骨とこの部分とを結合する関節手段を構成する。部材12は別 のチューブ34から構成され、その中空収容部35内に円筒チューブ32がシリンダー ピストン状に嵌合される。これが円筒チューブ34に対する円筒チューブ32の相対 移動を案内する案内手段22を構成する。 中空収容部35内にはバネ15が収容され、円筒チューブ34の端部と円筒チューブ 32の端部との間にスラスト力を加えている。 突起部14は円筒チューブ32の外側面を取り囲んだリング状をしており、円筒チ ューブ34の内側壁に形成された逆形状の環状キャビティ中に嵌合している。円筒 チューブ34を２つの半円筒シェルにすると円筒チューブ32への取付けが容易にな る。 円筒チューブ34は人体に十分に許容される材料、すなわち熱的、電気的に絶縁 性があり、非磁体で、特に、圧縮に対して十分な機械強度を有し、人工骨の他方 の要素を構成する材料の加熱可能温度より低い温度に加熱した時に軟化でき、加 熱軟化後 に冷却した時に初期特徴と同じか、少なくともそれに近い特徴を回復する材料で 製造することができる。そうした材料の例にはポリエチレンがある。 円筒チューブ32および突起部14は熱的、電気的に絶縁性のある非磁性体で、十 分な機械強度を有する人体に十分許容されるジルコニアセラミックのような材料 で単一部材で作ることができる。同様に、円筒チューブ33もジルコニアセラミッ クで作ることができる。 この場合、キャビティ13の周りの第１材料の少なくとも一部19を第１状態から 第２状態へ、またはその逆方向へ変化させる手段18は、電気的に閉ループを形成 する突出部14に取付けた導電層36で構成することができる。この導電層36は第１ 材料の部分19と接触する突起部14上に例えば金やチタンのような人体に十分に許 容される導電性材料をプラズマトーチを用いて所定厚さ噴霧して形成することが できる。この閉ループは、後で説明するように、磁場発生装置と協働して電流を 閉ループに誘導するのに適している。公知のように、誘導電流によるジュール効 果によって導電層36が加熱され、その熱伝導によって第１材料の部分19が加熱さ れ、軟化させる。 バネ15は例えば機械エネルギーを保存し、回復可能な系、例えばPHYNOX(商標) のように人体に十分に許容される耐蝕材料からなる圧縮バネ、反転する２つのバ ネ等で構成できる。 本発明の好ましい実施例では、中空収容部35を例えば孔37で概念的に示した開 口部を介して周囲媒体と連通させて、血液中のガスが中空収容部35の容量変動を 補償できるようにする。 円筒チューブ34内での円筒チューブ32の移動は、例えば２つの円筒チューブの 一方に固定されたピンを他方の円筒チューブ に形成された溝に嵌合して直線的に案内するのが好ましい。ピンと溝は図３に破 線で示してある。 このような人工骨のインプラント法は当業者に公知であり、ここでは説明しな い。 上記人工骨セグメントの実施態様では、健康な対称性のある骨の成長に応じて 、人工骨がインプラントされた人体の外側からセグメントに対する幾何学形状の 変更を誘導することが可能になる。 図３を参照して説明したように、例えば子供の脛骨上部の代用としての人骨セ グメントの長さを修正したい場合には、人骨セグメントを含む長さの脚部を磁場 に置くだけでよい。この磁場は導電層36から成る閉電気ループに対して直角な方 向を向いているのが望ましく、迅速に変えることができ且つ閉ループを形成する 導電材料の厚さ全体に電流を誘導できるだけの十分な強度にする必要がある。そ れによって十分なジュール損失が生じ、導電加熱によって突起部14に隣接した環 状の第１材料の部分19を軟化する。このとき熱によって材料の分解しないように する。その結果、円筒チューブ34は突起部14によって支持されなくなる。軟化し た一定容量の材料19は高圧力領域から低圧力領域へ流れる（すなわちクリープす る）。その速度は軟化した部分19の粘度とバネ15の力の強さによって違ってくる 。バネはその力が第１材料の部分19中を突起部14が移動する時に受ける抵抗より 十分大きくなるように設計する。 上記の流れ（クリープ）によって内側の円筒チューブ32は軟化部分が突起部14 の周囲を流れる方向とは反対方向に円筒チューブ34に対して相対移動する。この 移動中、円筒チューブ32は円筒チューブ34の軟化していない部分と、対応する溝 に嵌合し たピンの端部とによって案内される。加熱時間および強度を制御することによっ て、軟化部分19を軟化しない部分の間に常に閉じ込めることができ、そうするこ とによって円筒チューブ34を管形状に維持することができる。 円筒チューブ34の部分19が冷却すると、ポリエチレンは変形しない固い第１状 態へ戻り、脛骨セグメントは再びその機械的機能を果たすことができる。 図４は、例えば中間の外科手術をしないで脊柱を徐々に外科的に矯正するため のロッドに本発明装置を応用したインプラント器具の実施態様を示している。 図４の実施態様では、第１部材11は第２部材12に形成された対応孔45、46中に 平行に取付けられた２つの円柱棒41、42によって構成される。突起部14は図示し た実施例では少なくとも１つの硬質フィラメント43、好ましくは多数のフィラメ ントで構成され、両方の棒41、42を互いに連結し、両方の棒41、42の間に位置し た第２材料の一部49に形成されたキャビティ13を通っている。 この実施例では２つの対応孔45、46に嵌合した２つの円柱棒41、42によって案 内手段22が構成される。 ２本の棒41、42およびフィラメント43は導電性材料で作られているが、フィラ メント43の単位長さ当たりの電気抵抗は、棒41、42の単位長さ当たりの電気抵抗 より十分に大きい。 図４に示すように、第２部材12は２つの部分12-1および12-2で構成することが できるが、この場合、人工骨ロッドの全体的剛性を良くするためにはキャビティ 13が形成される部分12-1のみを上記の第１材料で形成し、他方の部分12-2は例え ば電気的絶縁材料で作ることができる。 この実施例には棒41、42と第２部材12との間に力を加える手段15は特に示して いない。この場合に２つの物体１、２を移動するのに必要な手段は上記のように 例えば公知の方法でロッドを脊椎につなぐフックを用いて２つの棒41、42の端部 47、48および第２部材12の端部44に力を加えて、患者の脊椎を引張る公知の外部 手段等の任意の手段で構成することができる。 ロッドの剛性を増すために第２部材12をチタン等の硬い材料から成るスリーブ 40で取り囲むのが好ましい。 この実施態様では、物体１は２本の棒41、42の端部47、48で構成でき、物体２ は部分12-1の端部44および／または少なくともスリーブ40の一部で構成できる。 ２本の棒41、42が第２部材12に対して相対移動できるようにするためには、任 意の電源（図では駆動手段１８）から２本の棒両棒とフィラメント43に電流を流 して、２本の棒41、42とフィラメント43に沿って流れる電流によってフィラメン トを加熱する。この電流はフィラメントに隣接した第２部材12の材料の一部19が 軟化して、上記で説明したのと同様に、２つの棒41、42が第２部材12に対して相 対移動できるだけの強さにする。 図５、図６に示す実施例は本発明装置を骨を長くしたり、移動するための髄内 釘としてのインプラント器具に応用した場合の縦断面図である。 このインプラント器具は例えば治療すべき骨の髄質チャネル(medullar channe l)に、大抵はリーミング後に挿入され、通常はほぼ完全にそれを埋めるように設 計さている。この器具（ネイル）の各端部は、骨を切断した後に２つのセグメン ト間にできる傷組織を徐々に引き伸ばし、外部固定手段によって固定する通常の 方法で、互いにゆっくりと離れていくべき骨セグメン トの各端部に連結される。この引き伸ばし処置は組織が固まる前に行う。この器 具の骨セグメントに固定されている２箇所の間を例えば１日1/4mm〜１mm移動さ せることによって骨を伸ばすことができる。 この実施例の器具は中空な円筒チューブ51によって構成される第１部材11を含 み、その中に第２部材が嵌合されている。この第２部材自体は強化部材52の中に 収容されている。強化部材52は第２の物体２を構成する。 第２部材12は強化部材52に形成されたスロット60の中に収容された例えば、ポ リエチレンから成るインサート53で構成される。インサートの形状はインサート がそれを収容した強化部材52中に固定・保持されるような形状にする。 円筒チューブ51の端部と物体２と一体な第２部材12との間にはバネ手段15が配 置されている。 突起部14はキー54によって構成され、このキー54は前記のキャビティ13を構成 する孔55に収容されたインサート53の中を通過している。キー54は例えばPHYNOX のような材料のコアで構成でき、このPHYNOXを例えばプラズマトーチを用いて溶 着したジルコニアセラミックのように十分な機械強度を有し、かつ電気絶縁性の ある別の材料の層で電気的・熱的に絶縁する。 この導電性PHYNOXのような材料の細いワイヤ（直径が0.1〜0.3mm）を絶縁層上 に巻き付ける。絶縁層にはワイヤの巻き同士が接触しないようにするために必要 に応じて螺旋溝を機械加工してもよい。ワイヤの一端57は例えばレーザを用いて 円筒チューブ51に溶接され、他端58は例えばポリテトラフルオロエチレンのシー スによって絶縁した金のワイヤのような導電体の第１末端61に接続され、円筒チ ューブ51の外側に形成された溝に 沿って、円筒チューブの閉じた末端59まで延びている。 キー54の周囲の第１材料の一部19が軟化するように、キー54の絶縁層上に巻か れたワイヤをジュール効果で加熱する。キー54は第１材料が軟化した際にこの材 料を通って所望方向へ容易に移動できるようにするために、流線型にすることが できる。 円筒チューブ51と導電体62の第２端部63は、例えば人体中、例えば皮下にイン プラントされた電気ループ（図示せず）に接続される。このループは電流を上記 のループ中に誘導して細いワイヤ56に給電して迅速に変化する磁場作用を与え、 それによってワイヤをジュール効果で加熱する。 図５、図６に示した器具（ネイル）の動作は前記の人工骨の場合から容易に推 測できるので、ここでは詳細なは説明は省略する。 上記説明では、案内手段22はいくつかの例で示した。部材11および12を物体１ 、２に連結する手段16、17は各種の形状にすることができる。例えば、図３の実 施態様では、手段17は円筒チューブ33に嵌合した円筒チューブ34で構成され、ま た、円筒チューブ34は接着剤、キー止め、ナット等の他の任意の手段で円筒チュ ーブ33に固定されている。この実施態様では、手段16は少なくとも部材11の一部 か、溶接等によって部材11に固定または一体化した補助部材で構成される。手段 16、17は図４、図５および図６に示す実施態様では詳細に示していないが、当業 者は容易に作ることができる。 上記説明では、２つの物体の相対移動は線形並進運動であるが、本発明は回転 運動、螺旋運動あるいはこれらの運動と並進運動との組合せ等の他の任意の運動 に適用できることは明らかである。
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (81)指定国 ＥＰ(ＡＴ，ＢＥ，ＣＨ，ＤＥ， ＤＫ，ＥＳ，ＦＲ，ＧＢ，ＧＲ，ＩＥ，ＩＴ，ＬＵ，Ｍ Ｃ，ＮＬ，ＰＴ，ＳＥ)，ＯＡ(ＢＦ，ＢＪ，ＣＦ，ＣＧ ，ＣＩ，ＣＭ，ＧＡ，ＧＮ，ＭＬ，ＭＲ，ＮＥ，ＳＮ， ＴＤ，ＴＧ)，ＡＰ(ＫＥ，ＬＳ，ＭＷ，ＳＤ，ＳＺ，Ｕ Ｇ)，ＡＭ，ＡＵ，ＢＢ，ＢＧ，ＢＲ，ＢＹ，ＣＡ，Ｃ Ｎ，ＣＺ，ＦＩ，ＧＥ，ＨＵ，ＪＰ，ＫＧ，ＫＰ，ＫＲ ，ＫＺ，ＬＫ，ＬＴ，ＬＶ，ＭＤ，ＭＧ，ＭＮ，ＮＯ， ＮＺ，ＰＬ，ＲＯ，ＲＵ，ＳＩ，ＳＫ，ＴＪ，ＴＴ，Ｕ Ａ，ＵＳ，ＵＺ，ＶＮ 【要約の続き】 る手段を有する、第１と第２の物体(1，2)を互いに相対 移動させる装置。人体にインプラントするのに適した人 工骨の製造に適用できる。

Claims (1)

  1. 【特許請求の範囲】 １．下記の点を特徴とする第１と第２の物体(1，2)を互いに相対移動させる装置 ： (1) 第１部材および第２部材（11、12）と、 (2) 第１部材を第１物体に結合する第１手段（16）と、 (3) 第２部材を第２物体に結合する第２手段（17）と、 (4) ２つの部材の間に力を加える手段（15）と、 (5) ２つの部材の一方（11）に固定された突起部（14）と、 (6) 突起部(14)の少なくとも一部の形状と逆の形状で、他方の部材(12)に形成さ れたキャビティ（13）とを有し、 (7) 第１部材および第２部材は、突起部(14)がキャビティ（13）中に挿入された まま互いに相対移動可能な状態に取り付けられており、 (8) キャビティ(13)が形成された部材(12)は、変形しない固い第１状態から変形 可能な軟質な第２状態へ、またはこの逆方向へ変化可能な第１材料で作られてお り、変形しない固い第１状態では加えられた力の作用で突起部(14)が第１材料を 変形できない状態にあり、変形可能な柔軟な第２状態では加えられた力の作用で 突起部(14)が第１材料中に侵入し、第１材料が突起部(14)の周囲でクリープし、 突起部を支持する部材(11)は実質的に変形しない第２材料で作られており、さら に (9) キャビティ(13)を取り囲む第１材料の少なくとも一部(19)を第１状態から第 ２状態、またその逆方向へ変化させる手段を有している。 ２．第１部材と第２部材(11，12)の移動を案内する手段(22)を含む請求項１に記 載の装置。 ３．キャビティ(13)を取り囲む第１材料の少なくとも一部(19)の第１状態から第 ２状態、またその逆方向への変化を指令す手段が制御された吸熱作用によって突 起部(14)が固定された部材(11)が移動する方向に対して突起部(14)の前方に位置 するキャビティ(13)の壁を規定する第１材料の少なくとも上記一部(19)を軟化す る手段である請求項１または２に記載の装置。 ４．第１部材(11)が第１チューブ(32)で構成され、第２部材(12)が中空な第１収 容部(35)を有する第２チューブ(34)で構成され、第１チューブ(32)は中空な第１ 収容部(35)中に収容されている請求項１〜３のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 ５．２つの部材間に力を加える手段が中空な第１収容部(35)の内部で第１および 第２チューブ(32，24)の両端部の間に配置されたバネ(15)によって構成される請 求項４に記載の方法。 ６．突起部(14)が第１チューブ(32)によって取り囲まれたリングの形をしており 、このリングが第２チューブ(34)の内側壁に形成された環キャビティ(13)中に挿 入されている請求項４または５に記載の方法。 ７．キャビティ(13)を取り囲む第１材料の少なくとも一部(19)の第１状態から第 ２状態、またその逆方向への変化を指令す手段(18)がリング状突起部(14)上に付 着した導電層(36)を有し、 この導電層(36)は磁場発生機によって閉ループを形成する請求項６に記載の装置 。 ８．第１部材(11)が第２部材(12)に形成された２つの対応する孔(45，46)と平行 に取り付けられた２つの円柱からなる棒(41，42)によって構成され、突起部(14) が２つの棒(41，42)を相互につなぐ少なくとも一本の剛体フィラメントによって 構成される請求項１〜３のいずれか一項に記載の装置。 ９．キャビティを取り囲む第１材料の少なくとも上記一部の第１状態から第２状 態、またその逆方向への変化を指令する手段(18)が２つの棒(41，42)に接続され た少なくとも一つの電源を含み、２つの棒(41，42)および剛体フィラメント(43) が導電性材料で作られ、剛体フィラメント(43)の単位長さ当たりの電気抵抗は棒 (41，42)の単位長さ当たりの電気抵抗より大きく、第２部材(12)を構成する第１ 材料は導電性ではない請求項８に記載の装置。 10．第１部材(11)が第３の中空な円筒チューブ(51)で構成されており、第２部材 (12)が第３円筒チューブ(51)内に嵌合している請求項１〜３のいずれか一項に記 載の装置。 11．第２部材(12)が強化部材(52)に形成されたスロット(60)中に収容されたイン サート(53)によって構成される請求項10に記載の装置。 12．突起部(14)がインサート(53)を完全に貫通した少なくとも 一つのキー(54)によって構成される請求項11に記載の装置。 13．キー(54)が機械強度の高い絶縁材料から成る層で電気的・熱的に絶縁された 機械強度の優れたコアによって構成される請求項12に記載の装置。 14．キャビティを取囲む第１材料の少なくとも上記一部の第１状態から第２状態 、またその逆方向への変化を指令する手段がキー(54)に巻付けられた少なくとも 一つの導電性材料の細いワイヤ(56)と、電源と、この電流源とワイヤ(56)とを結 合する手段とで構成される請求項13に記載の装置。
JP8515786A 1994-11-16 1995-11-08 ２つの物体を互いに相対移動させる装置 Pending JPH10508524A (ja)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR94/13724 1994-11-16
FR9413724A FR2726757B1 (fr) 1994-11-16 1994-11-16 Dispositif implantable chirurgicalement a geometrie modifiable par chauffage et applications
PCT/FR1995/001472 WO1996015377A1 (fr) 1994-11-16 1995-11-08 Dispositif pour deplacer deux corps l'un par rapport a l'autre

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DE (1) DE69507333T2 (ja)
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AU4179296A (en) 1996-06-06
RU2161274C2 (ru) 2000-12-27
EP0792419A1 (fr) 1997-09-03
EP0792419B1 (fr) 1999-01-13
US5720746A (en) 1998-02-24
PL320060A1 (en) 1997-09-01
ES2128109T3 (es) 1999-05-01
DE69507333T2 (de) 1999-09-02
CN1162349A (zh) 1997-10-15
CN1045531C (zh) 1999-10-13
DE69507333D1 (de) 1999-02-25
BR9509689A (pt) 1997-09-30

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