JPH10137450A - Flowing water device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable even a beginner to surf stably by providing an inclined surface for flowing water disposed adjacent to a water source and having both sides not substantially closed with side walls and generating an independent sheet-like water flow having a uniform thickness on the inclined surface. SOLUTION: An inclined container-less part 1 has an underground structure support and a slide surface 3 bordered by the downstream elevated end 4, the upstream end and side ends 6a, 6b. The slide surface 3 is provided as an outer cover for covering the underground structure support. Also, the slide surface 3 is formed such that the curvature is gradually changed to help a smooth water flow if necessary. A proper flow source (for example, a pump, high dam/ water tank 16) forming an supercritical sheet water flow 8 on the slide surface 3 in the single flow direction 9, while a water receptacle 19 is disposed in the downstream elevated end 4 so that water collected in the water receptacle 19 is circulated to the water tank 16 by a pump 13b.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a water flowing device, and more particularly to a water flowing device for supplying a water flow to an inclined surface having no side wall.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION For the past 25 years, surfboarding and related surfing activities, such as kneeboarding, body or "boogie" boarding, gliding boarding, surf kayaking, inflatable gear riding, and body surfing (all collectively surfing hereinafter) ) Has continued to gain in popularity along the coastlines of the world, blessed with surf. At the same time, during the decade of the 1980's, we saw the phenomenal growth of participatory family water recreation facilities, or water parks. Large pools with artificial waves have been an essential component of such water parks. Several types of wave pools have been successfully developed. The most popular varieties are those that allow swimmers or tube / inflation mat riders to move and drift over the undulating unbroken waves created by the wave device. Although small breaking waves can arise from this type of wave pool, it is not an ideal wave for surfing. There are a few pools that give a large raging cloudy bore that rushes from deep to shallow pool edges. Such pools allow cloudy bore surfing, but breaking surfing is not preferred by surfing world experts. The type of wave that retains its greatest appeal to wave riders is a combination of an unbreakable still rideable wave surface and a "break" / "migration" curl or overflow.

[0003] An ideal, unbreakable yet surfable wavefront has a surface with a sufficient slope that the gravitational component allows the rider to overcome drag and perform a water gliding (eg, surfing) motion thereon. Can be described as a smooth sloped water mound of at least one meter. A standard breaking wave has a wave height of more than one meter and has a breaking part closest to the shore, while a part farthest from the shore has a smooth surface and is continuous over a range of several wave heights. It can be described as a moving, diagonally shoreward wave having a transition from a smooth to a broken section of and having a transition area with a duration of more than 10 seconds.
In breaking waves, this transition area is particularly interesting for wave riders. The transition area is where the wave rider performs an optimal surface glide (eg, surfing) action. The transition area is also where the wavefront achieves its maximum slope angle.

[0004] As a wave rider develops skills from a novice to an advanced, he or she will seek to ride different types of waves. The first person starts “inside” the already crushed cloudy bore. These waves are easiest to catch, but they provide little opportunity for surfing. The next step is to move "outside", i.e., just past the break zone. Novices here prefer unbroken waves with only a gradient that can "catch" the waves. When the waves break, beginners prefer easy overflow type waves. The better the wave rider, the greater the preference for steep waves. The ultimate wave shape resembles a continuous tube or tunnel.

For many years, the inventor has attempted to mechanically duplicate the ideal wave for surfing, which would provide a full range surfing experience for advanced wave riders as well as beginners. The majority of such attempts have focused on reproducing the traveling traveling gravitational waves that are found to occur naturally on the shore. Unfortunately, such attempts have had limited success with surfing. Issues inherent in traveling traveling wave technology include security, skill, cost, size and capacity. Reproducing moving traveling breaking waves requires a large pool with expensive wave generators. If one wishes to increase the wave size, it will inevitably lead to more dangerous conditions, such as deeper water and strong water flow. Access to traveling traveling waves typically requires arduous swimming or rowing through the breaking waves to properly position themselves in the "take-off zone" of the unbroken waves. Capturing traveling breaking waves requires only a fraction of a second of timing and developed muscles. Riding a traveling breaking wave requires extensive skill to balance the hydrodynamic lift generated on the sliding body with the buoyancy generated on the displaced body. Traveling waves are inherently low-capacity attractions for water parks. That is, one or two riders per wave. Specially designed to create traditional traveling traveling breaking waves as a result of limited wave quality, exorbitant participant proficiency, excessive cost, potential danger, and high surface area ratio for low rider capacity With few exceptions, the resulting wave pool proved unreasonable in commercial applications.

[0006] Rumehaute (US Patent 3,802,69)
7) and the following three publications: (1) Honung, H.G. and Kiren, P., "Steady oblique breaking waves for laboratory testing of surfboards", Journal of Fluid Mechanics (1976), No. 7.
8, Volume 3, pages 459-484; (2) PD
Kiren, "Model Study on Surfing Facility", 7th Australasian Hydrodynamics Fluid Dynamics Conference, Brisbane, (198
0); and (3) PD Kiren and RJ Starker, "Wave Riding Research Facility", 8th Australasian Fluid Dynamics Conference, University of Newcastle, N, S, W, (198)
3), (All three papers are collectively called "kiren")
Describes the creation of a unique type of traveling wave called a standing wave. Quite different from the traveling waves described above, standing waves typically act to impede the water of a flowing river of cobblestones, travel at equal and opposite speeds towards the water stream, and remain stationary with respect to the bottom. Found in rivers that create.

[0007] The steady breaking waves discussed by Lumehaute and Kiren avoid the "moving target" problem caused by moving traveling gravitational waves. Thus, they are more predictable, easier to observe, and easier to access from a shore limited observer. Although improved, the steady breaking waves of Lumehaute and Kiren still plague significant traveling wave problems when applied to commercial water recreation facilities. In particular, these issues include: The extraordinary skill of catching and riding the waves, the potential for drowning in deep water (since the water depth is greater than the height of the breaking waves) and the high costs associated with powering the water streams required to form the waves. In other words, both Lumehaute and Kiren consider relatively deep water bodies that are still similar to those found on the coast.

[0008] In addition, the process of wave formation of Rumehaute and Kiren involves obstacles placed in the flow of water surrounded by confinement walls. The hydrodynamic state of the flow is determined by the supercritical flow (flow such that the kinetic energy of the flow is equal to its gravitational potential energy) rising above the surface of the obstacle, Critical flow at the top or apex (flow such that the kinetic energy of the flow is equal to its gravitational potential energy), and within critical flow over the back of the obstacle (flow such that the kinetic energy of the flow is below its gravitational potential energy) Part. The submerged split flow surface separates the supercritical upstream portion from the subcritical and downstream streams flowing behind each obstacle. The inevitable result of this "critical flow" breaking process (i.e., where the Froude number equals one at the breaking point) is that the maximum wave height obtainable in relation to water depth and wave size is 4/5 of water depth. is there. Therefore, in Rumehaute and Kiren,
The larger the desired wave, the deeper the associated flow.

The above disadvantages have enormous economic significance. Kiren and Lumehaute require pumps with very large filling and draining capacities to create large sized waves. In addition, rider movement under deep flow conditions requires great skill. As an illustration, if a wave rider rows to catch a wave in a deep stream (the deep stream is where pressure disturbances by the rider and his vehicle are unaffected by the close bottom), his vehicle is primarily supported by buoyancy. It serves as a displaced hull and then transitions first to the planing hull from rowing and as a result of the hydrodynamic lift arising from riding the waves (decreased board draft). The force required to ride this wave is a combination of buoyancy and hydrodynamic lift. The faster the board travels, the less lift will support the rider's weight and the less buoyancy. In response to this lift, there is an increase in pressure just below the board. This pressure turbulence decreases in proportion to the square of the one-to-one distance from the board.

In a deep water flow environment, by the time the pressure turbulence reaches the bottom of the flow, it has already weakened to a level where its effect on the pressure turbulence is negligible. Therefore, no reaction is transmitted to the rider. Riders are unsupported due to the lack of bottom reaction in deep water currents. Lack of support, as a result,
This leads to the greater physical strength required to row and move the surfboard from the hull to the planing hull. Lack of support also results in greater instability, with the obvious greater skill required to ride the waves.

In addition, deep water currents inherently have a high potential for drowning. For example, a 2 foot high breaking wave requires a water flow of 5.38 knots in 2.5 feet of water. Even Olympic swimmers will not be able to avoid being swept away in such a stream. Friendsle (US Pat. No. 3,598,402 (1)
971), 4,564,190 (1986) and 4,9
05, 987 (1990)) describes a water flow going up a slope. However, in addition to the disadvantages described above, the structure of Friendsle is described as the bottom of a container. The side walls of this vessel serve to confine the water stream to its upper trajectory, hoping to conserve maximum potential energy for subsequent recirculation efficiency. However, such side walls have been found to impede the formation of supercritical flow and to propagate oblique waves that can eliminate the possibility of breaking waves. That is, the container for friends is simply filled with water, and the supercritical stream is submerged in water. Sidewall confinement also proves disadvantageous in terms of its ability to facilitate access for riding. In addition, Friendsle's device is designed for surfing in equilibrium. But most surfing operations require movement or swing around the equilibrium point with various non-equilibrium zones to achieve interesting operation.

[0012]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to utilize an apparatus for solving the problems of the prior art as described above.
An object of the present invention is to provide an aesthetic water flowing device such as a fountain.

[0013]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a water flowing device, comprising: a water source; a flowing water inclined surface which is disposed adjacent to the water source and whose both sides are not substantially closed by side walls; have. The sheet-like water flow has a relatively uniform thickness flowing upward on the inclined surface, and flows along the inclined surface so as to form an independent flow on the inclined surface.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the water flowing device according to the first aspect, the inclined surface has an upper end portion and a lower end portion,
The water flow is introduced on the inclined surface near the lower end,
It flows upward as it flows past the upstream end. Claim 3
In the water flowing device according to the second aspect, the inclined surface has a concave semi-cylindrical curved surface that opens upward.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the flowing water device according to the third aspect, further comprising a nozzle for supplying a sheet-like water flow on the inclined surface, wherein the flow parameter of the nozzle changes with time on the inclined surface. It is varied over time to form an effect. The water flushing device according to claim 5 is the device according to claim 1, wherein at least two separated independent flows are discharged upward on the inclined surface,
Each stream creates a flush effect on the slope.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the water flowing device according to the first aspect, the wave forming structure is disposed on an inclined surface,
The wave-forming structure has a substantially concave curved surface, and the sheet-like water stream flows over the wave-forming structure to form an overflow. A water flowing device according to claim 7 is the device according to claim 6, wherein the wave forming structure has curved surfaces in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.

According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the water flowing device according to the sixth aspect, the flowing water has a speed capable of flowing above the wave-forming structure, and the flow is caused by curling waves or waves. Forming a downward arc forming a spill and returning substantially above itself. The water flowing device according to claim 9 is the device according to claim 1, wherein the inclined surface has a lower portion, an intermediate portion, and an upper portion, and the flowing water is introduced into the lower portion, flows through the intermediate portion, and flows upward. Flowing through the department.

According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, in the device of the first aspect, the sheet-like water stream has a relatively uniform thickness substantially along the inclined surface so as to form an independent flow on the inclined surface. doing. An eleventh aspect of the invention is a water flowing device according to the first aspect, wherein the inclined surface has a concave semi-cylindrical curved surface that opens upward.

A water flowing device according to a twelfth aspect is the device according to the first aspect, further comprising a nozzle for supplying a sheet-like water flow on the inclined surface, and the flow parameter of the nozzle forms a flowing water effect that changes with time. As time goes on. The water flowing device according to claim 13 is
2. The device of claim 1, wherein at least two slopes are provided.
Two separate and independent streams are discharged upward, and the streams cooperate to create an overall aesthetic flushing effect on the slope.

According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the water flowing device according to the first aspect, wherein the inclined portion of the inclined surface forms a structure for forming a wave, and the sheet-like water flow flows through the structure for forming a wave to generate a curling wave. Or it forms a backward arc to form a spill and returns on itself. A water flowing device according to a fifteenth aspect includes a curved surface formed to support water flowing thereon, and a sheet-like flowing water flowing in a predetermined direction on the curved surface. The curved surface has an upwardly open concave semi-cylindrical shape having an axis substantially intersecting the direction of flowing water.

[0021] The water flowing device according to claim 16 is provided by claim 15.
In the apparatus, the curved surface has a substantially upwardly inclined portion and a substantially downwardly inclined portion.
First, it flows along a portion inclined downwardly of the curved surface, and then flows along a portion inclined upwardly of the curved surface. ************ Description of Basic Principle and Basic Configuration of the Present Invention The basics of the present invention (hereinafter simply referred to as the present invention) are within the boundary layer induced criticality. By providing an apparatus for eliminating associated flow turbulence that greatly reduces flow and wave quality, it provides a substantial improvement over prior art standing wave disclosures. That is, during operation of a wave making device having confined sidewalls, drag along the sidewalls results in local subcritical flow. The transition from supercritical to subcritical flow along these sidewalls creates an undesirable wave envelope, appropriately referred to as an "oblique wave."

The formation of such oblique waves in a skewed flow environment means that when these waves propagate against the flow, they have a downward component that gains a particular energy increase from a downward change in height. It is very easy to have.
When the oblique waves move down against the water flow, this energy gain results in amplitude gain, so they not only impair the rider's performance of the water gliding motion, but also propagate and block the entire flow. "Triangle wave" that leads to
To produce

Therefore, in order to eliminate these disadvantages,
The present invention provides a containerless ramp that prevents the formation of oblique waves. That is, the present invention provides an inclined portion having a structure in which the inclined portion is not a container but a mere flat plate, and has no ridge or the like at a side end thereof to restrict the flow of water. The sloping sliding surface is configured without any lateral water restrictions, allowing for a slow running off of water. As a result, the main stream flowing up the slope continues at the desired or higher velocity. In this way, the high nature of the riding waves and the variety of wave types can be achieved and maintained. It should also be pointed out that, in addition to the myriad configurations of the present invention, the main part of the present invention can be implemented according to several other methods for eliminating boundary layer induced subcritical flow.

Another important feature of the present invention is that the preferred water flow type on containerless slopes is a relatively thin "sheet" flow rather than the relatively deep water utilized in the prior art. Seat flow is affected by the depth of water, the pressure disturbances caused by the rider and his vehicle, and the effect on the rider and his vehicle is influenced by the slip surface through a reaction force commonly known as the "ground effect (reaction from the ground)". It is shallow enough to run. This naturally requires the skills necessary to prepare for stable surfing and thus catch and ride the waves.

In the sheet flow condition, the board has a solid boundary,
That is, because it is so close to the flow bottom or sliding surface, the pressure turbulence from the board does not have time to decrease before it contacts the solid boundary. This results in pressure turbulence transmission through the fluid and directly to the ground. This serves as a reaction wall against the weight of the rider's body as a reaction wall, helping the rider to support the ground effect. Thus, the sheet flow is inherently more stable than the deep water flow. From a proficient rider's point of view, the ground effect principle is the performance of performance in the form of tighter radii movements as a result of more responsive turns, increased speed, and increased lift, which allows for a reduced ride area. Provide improvements.

The sheet flow can also provide a conformal flow in the sense that the flow generally follows the contour of the sliding surface. Therefore, this is because the waves become isomorphic to the slip surface while insufficient velocity in the boundary layer still achieves the special action of the waves when accounting for flow separation from the contoured flow bottom. , Which allows better control of the shape of the waves.

In this regard, it must be pointed out that due to the sheet flow rising up the containerless ramp, the waves are not necessarily required for the rider to enjoy the water attractions constructed according to the main part of the invention. What is needed is a slope of sufficient angle to allow the rider to slide down the upwardly flowing sheet stream. In addition, deliberate rider-induced drag can slow the rider back up the slope and allow additional movement. Similarly, if desired, the rider can achieve equilibrium (e.g., a steady position with respect to flow) by adjusting his drag on the upward water flow.

Another feature of the present invention is that whenever a jump occurs, there is no critical and critical flow above and behind the obstruction (ie, "containerless slope") and, in fact, is utilized by the invention. The top or top of the obstacle is dry. In addition, the invention describes a separation streamline that separates the wetted lower part of the sloped surface from its dry upper part, as well as merely defining the transition from supercritical to subcritical. The phenomenon of separated streamlines is lacking in the prior art. The fact that the invention has no corresponding relationship between wave size and water depth is significant. In other words, the illusion of large waves is created by a shallow flow, which is advantageous.

The principles of the present invention are applicable to a tremendous variety of standing wave conditions. For example, the angle of inclination of the inclined sliding surface can be varied greatly to achieve various effects. The sliding surface may also be tilted around its longitudinal axis or provided with a mound, shape, form or various contours to create a specially shaped wave. The sliding surface can be extended and shortened, symmetric, asymmetric,
It can be flat or have a complex curvature. In addition, the depth or velocity of the flow can be changed every surfing or even stepwise in one surfing. Also, of course, all of the above parameters can be varied individually or simultaneously with other parameters within the scope of the invention.

To better understand the advantages of the invention described herein, a more detailed description of certain terms set forth below is provided. However, it must be pointed out that these descriptions are in addition to the ordinary meaning of such terms and are not intended to be limiting in that regard. Deep water flow is a flow of sufficient depth that pressure disturbances from the rider and his vehicle are not significantly affected by the presence of the bottom.

The water body is such that the flow of water comprising the body is constantly changing, and its shape, at least in length, width and depth, is sufficient to allow a water gliding operation thereon, and the respective A type of stream, i.e., a large volume of water that is restricted or expanded by a deep water stream or sheet stream. A water slide operation is an operation that can be performed on a fluid body on a containerless ramp, including:
Rip across the surface of the water, horizontal or at an angle to the water flow, cut down the water surface to create a turn that draws an arc above the surf, descending the water flow on the sloping surface, and vice versa for the flow up the slope Such sliding body operation, returning up along the inclined surface of the water body and cutting back to descend and traverse the surface of the water body, such as lip passing, floater, invert, aerial, 360 °, etc. The water gliding motion may be by or with the help of a human body or on a floating or gliding vehicle such as a surfboard, bodyboard, water ski, inflatable device, mat, tube, kayak, jet ski, sail board, etc. I can do it. The forward force component required to maintain the rider (including any glider he can ride on) in a stable riding position and to overcome fluid drag in order to perform a water gliding operation is primarily on the forming surface Due to the downward component of gravity created by the restriction of the solid flow forming surface, which is balanced by the momentum transfer from the high velocity upward projecting water stream. The rider's ascending movement (in excess of the kinetic energy applied by the rider or vehicle) consists of the rider's drag on upwardly projecting water flow beyond the downward component of gravity. Unbalanced riding movements such as turns, cross-slope movements and rocking between different heights on the 'wave' surface are enabled by the interaction of each of the forces described above with the rider's use of kinetic energy. You.

The equilibrium zone is the portion of the inclined slide surface that is equilibrium on the upwardly inclined water body over which the rider flows. Thus, the momentum upflow transmitted to the rider and his vehicle through hydraulic drag is balanced by the downward component of gravity resulting from the weight of the rider and his vehicle. The super-equal dyne area is adjacent to the equilibrium zone, but on the part of the sliding surface downstream (uphill), where the slope of the slope overcomes the drag created by the surface slide rider due to the upper seat water flow, and The part that is steep enough to allow it to slide down.

The sub-equal dyne area is the portion of the sliding surface adjacent to the equilibrium zone but upstream (downhill) of it.
The slope of the slope is the part that is insufficiently steep to allow the surface glider to overcome the drag created by the upper seat flow, and then remain in equilibrium.
Due to fluid drag, the rider may possibly return up the slope in the direction of flow.

The Froude number is a mathematical expression that describes the ratio of the flow velocity to the phase velocity of the longest possible wave that can exist at a given depth without breaking by breaking. The Froude number is equal to the flow velocity divided by the square root of the product of gravity acceleration and water depth. The squared Froude number is the ratio between the kinetic energy of a flow and its potential energy. That is, the squared Froude number is equal to the square of the flow velocity divided by the product of the gravitational acceleration and the water depth.

A subcritical flow can generally be described as a slow / thick water flow. In particular, a subcritical flow has a Froude number below 1, and the kinetic energy of the flow is below its gravitational potential energy. If the standing wave is in subcritical flow,
It will be a non-breaking standing wave. In the official display,
At v = feet / sec ² , g = gravity acceleration feet / sec ² , d = depth (feet) of the sheet water body, if v <√gd, the flow is critical.

The critical flow is manifested by breaking waves. Critical flow is where the kinetic energy of the flow is equal to the gravitational potential energy. Critical flow has its own special physical properties of jumping water. Due to the unstable nature of the breaking, the critical flow is absolutely steady state in a moving water flow, provided that the wave velocity must match the velocity of the flow in order to remain steady Is difficult to maintain.
This is a subtle balancing action. For these precise conditions, there is a point at which there is only one match for a particular flow velocity and depth. The critical flow has a Froude number equal to one. In the official notation, v = flow velocity, g = acceleration due to gravity / sec ² , d = depth (feet) of the sheet water body, and if v = √gd, the flow is critical.

Supercritical flow can generally be described as thin / fast flow. In particular, supercritical flows have a Froude number greater than 1, and the kinetic energy of the flow exceeds its gravitational potential energy. Standing waves are not included. The reason there is no wave is that neither the breaking wave nor the non-breaking wave can keep up with the flow velocity, since the maximum possible velocity for any wave is the square root of the product of the gravitational acceleration and the water depth. Thus, any waves that may be formed are quickly swept downstream. In the official notation, v = flow rate in feet per second, g = acceleration due to gravity feet per second ² , d = depth of the protruding water body (feet), and if v> √gd, the flow is supercritical.

Jumping is the point of breaking of the fastest waves that can exist at a given depth. The jumping water itself is actually the breaking point of the wave. The breaking phenomenon results from a local concentration of energy. Any waves that appear upstream of the jump in the supercritical area cannot keep up with the flow, so they flow downstream until they meet the area where the jump occurs. The current suddenly thickens and the waves suddenly become able to travel faster. At the same time, downstream waves, which can travel faster, move upstream and encounter jumps. Thus, the concentration of waves at this convergence point leads to breaking waves. According to the expression of energy, a jump is an energy transition point where the energy of the flow suddenly changes from motion to position. Jumping occurs when the fluid number is one.

A standing wave is a traveling wave that travels against the water stream and has a phase velocity that exactly matches the velocity of the water stream, thus allowing the wave to appear stationary. Cloudy water occurs due to the breaking of waves at the leading edge of the jumping water where the flow transitions from critical to subcritical. In the flow environment, residual turbulence and bubbles from the breaking are simply swept downstream through the critical area and dissipate within a distance of seven jumps behind the jump.

Separation is the point of zero wall friction at which the sheet stream leaves the beveled wall or other form or shape placed thereon. Flow separation results from differential loss of kinetic energy due to sheet flow depth. As the sheet stream travels up the slope, it begins to decelerate, exchanging kinetic energy with gravitational potential energy. The portion of the sheet flow directly adjacent to the walls of the ramp (boundary layer) also experiences additional kinetic energy loss for wall friction. These additional friction losses cause the boundary layer to run out of kinetic energy and become stationary at zero wall friction, while the outer portion of the sheet flow still has residual kinetic energy left. At this point, the outer portion of the sheet stream separates (separates) from the bottom of the slope and continues its trajectory with its remaining energy, either spilling or curling back on the approaching stream.

The boundary layer is an area of retarded flow immediately adjacent the wall for friction. The separation streamline is the path by the outer part of the sheet flow that does not rest under the effect of frictional action but leaves the wall surface at the separation point. Flow splits are transverse sections of flow with different hydrodynamic states. The split streamline is a streamline that defines the position of the flow split. The surface along which the flow laterally splits between supercritical and critical hydraulic states.

A bore is a traveling jump that can appear to be stationary in the water stream if the bore velocity is equal to the water stream and vice versa. A velocity gradient is a change in velocity with distance. A pressure gradient is a change in pressure with distance. Conformal flow occurs when the angle of incidence for the entire depth range of the water body is primarily tangential to this surface (at a particular point relative to the inclined flow forming surface over which the flow flows). Thus, water flowing over a sloped surface can conform to a gradual change in slope, eg, a curve, without separating the flow. As a consequence of the flow isomorphism, the downstream end of the sloped surface will always physically direct the flow in a direction that is aligned with the downstream end surface. The change in the direction of the conformal flow can exceed 180 °.

The present invention not only seeks to solve the above-mentioned problems of existing non-breaking and breaking wave methodologies, but also of water ride dynamics not yet explored by current technology. Trying to open up a whole new field. An alternative to this combination, in addition to water sheet flow over containerless upwardly sloping surfaces, is cloudy bore, unbreakable through adjustments to depth, water velocity, water direction, surface area, surface shape (contour), and surface height Produces waves that resemble shapes that simulate wavefronts that can still ride, spill breaking waves, and breaking tunnel waves. Alternatives can also create a surfing performance characteristic that exceeds that available with naturally occurring traveling waves, for example, a fluid environment with greater lift and velocity. In addition, functional structural additions to containerless slopes will enable the creation of a number of new water ride attractions not currently known in the natural or water recreation industry. The reason why the present invention can be successful for that purpose is to create a "flow shape" from a high-speed sheet flow on a suitably shaped forming surface, rather than replicating a naturally breaking traveling wave. The manifestation of the majority of the streams created by the present invention is not technically a wave. Although they may look like gravitational waves breaking obliquely to the shore, the manifestation of these sheet flows is a unique hydrodynamic phenomenon caused by the interaction of the following four dynamics: (1 ) Unique surface structure of the invention, (2)
The trajectory of the water relative to the flow-forming surface, (3) the flow separation from this surface, and (4) the change in the hydraulic state of the flow over this surface (ie, supercritical, critical or subcritical).

Thus, some advantages of the present invention are: (a) on top of which a uniform stream of water simulates the type of surfing first-stage surfer, ie, a wave surface that is not broken and can be ridden. Provide a slanted containerless surface that can create a water body. This water body has the appearance of a sub-critical flow standing wave, which is actually formed by supercritical water flowing over the containerless surface. Advantages of the containerless surface embodiment include:
(1) improved start characteristics due to lateral discharge of temporary swells, (2) enclosures, for example, smooth water flow by avoiding unwanted oblique waves caused by flow channel walls,
(3) Safe and quick entry and exit of the rider without obstacles to the flow path wall, (4) Elimination of inoperable time caused by confinement overflow, (5) Removal of pump and valve device necessary for removal of confinement overflow, (6) Elimination of expensive fast-acting on-off valves required for instantaneous start of supercritical flow; (7) Elimination of complicated and expensive control devices required for adjusting opening / closing of valves and on / off operations of pumps; and (8) Opening. Increased surfing capacity by enabling a flexible flow structure.

(B) There is provided an inclined containerless surface on which a uniform stream of water can create a water body that simulates the kind of water trapped by wave riders for the first time, namely a turbid cloudy water bore. . The cloudy water bore effect results from supercritical flow going up a ramp. This effect migrates via water jumps across the ramp, creating a two-dimensional stationary breaking wave simulating a cloudy water bore without flow on the rear side of the ramp.

(C) Introduce a cross-flow velocity gradient into the water flow up the containerless surface with level ridges. The surface then creates a type of water that simulates a type of spill that has an unbroken shoulder, a type trapped by a novice surfer while riding the waves. The “breaking wave” effect is 2
For flows with two coexisting hydraulic states, a faster supercritical flow over the top of the ridge and an adjacent slower supercritical flow that does not reach the ridge due to insufficient kinetic energy Results. This lower energy supercritical flow decelerates to a critical state, forming a jump below the ridge,
With subcritical overflow of raging water that occurs on the side of the supercritical flow. If the adjacent flow was within the criticality, it would be buried in the supercritical flow via flowing diagonal jumps. The containerless surface allows the raging cloudy water to overflow and escape, avoiding complete supercritical flow burial.

(D) The flow cross velocity gradient is controllably generated by either suitably designed pumping means or nozzle means, and simulates the overflow wave with the unbroken shoulder described above. Let them do it. (E) A uniform flow velocity over which the asymmetrically extended containerless surface creates a water body that simulates the kind of water trapped by a novice wave rider, ie, a spillover wave with unbreakable shoulders. provide. The asymmetrically extended containerless surface forms an increasing height downstream ridge. A flowing water body with sufficient kinetic energy to flow supercritically on the lower side but with insufficient energy to flow too high on the high side will exhibit flow splitting, i.e., high side flow will It will move into the criticality specified by the jump and the resulting cloudy water.
The consequent consequence of containerless surface asymmetry is the ability to resolve temporary swell problems associated with the start of surfing and flow decay on upwardly inclined flow surfaces caused by riders. That is, the creation of an asymmetrically sloped flow-forming surface provides a maximum height ridge that decreases in height, which facilitates unwanted temporary swells and self-removal of excessive cloudy water.

(F) Providing an extended surface consisting of a substantially horizontal flat surface (sub-equal dyne area) extending the aforementioned containerless inclined surface in the upstream direction. The extended surface facilitates the rider's ability to maximize forward speed through the rider's own efforts in "pump turning", described in more detail below as an acceleration process. The acceleration process allows the rider to gain additional speed in a manner similar to that of a child on a swing creating additional speed and height. If the essence and core of surfing is to allow riders to enjoy the sensation and power of increased speed resulting from a cyclical transition between the super-equal dyne area and the sub-equal dyne area to the equilibrium position, prolonged Surfaces offer significant advantages. A concomitant improvement of the extension surface provides a side component caused by gravity that tilts the extension surface perpendicular to its direction of extension, causing the rider to move in the direction of fall. Such exercises have the added benefit of increasing throughput capacity by hastening the rider's course through the device and enhancing safety / easiness of maintenance by improving sheet flow and turbid water draining off the sliding surface. With benefits.

(G) Intermediate to expert wave riders, a three dimensional from flat to inclined to create a water body that simulates an unbreakable riding shoulder with variable sized tunnel waves dependent on flow velocity. Provides contoured containerless surfaces. That is, an essentially two-dimensional sliding surface is provided with a contoured shape or configuration to create a three-dimensional flow bottom that creates unique wave characteristics. The tunnel portion of this water body has a mouth and a closed tunnel that extends some distance into the front of the wave shape in which the wave rider seeks to ride. This tunnel section has the appearance of a rushing traveling wave seen on the natural shore, which actually results from supercritical flow separation caused by the contour. The advantage of flow separation is that the size (ie, the diameter of the tunnel) increases in relation to the increase in the velocity of the water flowing over it, without still requiring an increase in water depth or a change in the shape or size of the containerless ramp. The ability of a properly shaped containerless ramp to generate a tunneling wave. When this supercritical tunnel reattaches itself to the toe portion of the ramp, the containerless surface allows turbulent water to drain out and avoid supercritical flow burial. Flow separation also enables tunneling on a containerless ramp-forming surface that does not curve back up on itself, and can in fact be substantially less than vertical. The flow-forming surface of a containerless ramp that is smaller than vertical avoids complex coordinate mapping and structural support problems, so that it is easier to design and build. In addition, this containerless surface structure allows for tunneling in both deep water and sheet flow conditions.

(H) A three-dimensional contoured containerless surface that creates an isomorphic water body that simulates the type of trapped by intermediate to expert wave riders; Gives an extension beyond vertical. As distinguished from the tunnel wave described in (g), the super-extension beyond vertical allows for fast flow tunneling without separation. This containerless surface structure has the advantage of enabling tunneling in situations where the velocity head is significantly higher than the vertical height of the wave-forming means.

(I) providing a stream of water on the contoured containerless surface described above, which causes this stream (by progressively increasing the flow rate) to simulate cloudiness along the entire forming means; Transforms from a water steady bore into a simulated spillover spillover wave with shoulders, and finally into a tunnel wave with unbreakable rideable shoulders. This method is hereinafter referred to as "wave conversion process". The wave conversion process allows riders to enjoy a variety of wave types, such as cloudy water bores, unbreakable waves, overflow waves, or tunnels, all in a relatively short period of time in a single, properly contoured device. It has the advantage of allowing the operator to give.

(J) giving a longitudinal motion over the inclined containerless surface of the seat water body above a sufficient size (hereinafter referred to as "wave width"), allowing the rider to match his longitudinal speed with the speed of the wave width; Then it is possible to carry out a water gliding operation. This moving wave width will provide the practical benefit of increasing rider throughput capacity and reducing the total energy requirements of flow over inclined containerless surfaces. This embodiment will also provide the rider or operator with the additional benefit of moving the participant to a different end point than the starting point. Furthermore, by changing the contour of the containerless surface or the direction or velocity of the flow, different wave conditions (eg overflow, tubed) can be created during the course of surfing.

(K) To provide a running water source that does not include oblique waves. In this regard, in one embodiment of the present invention, the point of the water source, such as an opening, nozzle or wear, is located at a height that transitions to a horizontal surface coupled to the inclined surface and then to the inclined surface. This inclined surface transitions to a horizontal surface and then to an inclined surface. (L) a format that was not previously available except by analogy to skateboarding and snowboarding participants of each different sport, ie a device that allows a rider to perform a waterplane gliding operation in half-pipe sliding. I will provide a. In this regard, the present invention provides a containerless surface for forming a water body having the shape of a half-pipe with a stable shape and an inclined surface in contact therewith substantially longitudinally oriented. Such a shape is hereinafter referred to as a "fluid half pipe". An improvement that accompanies a fluid half-pipe is to provide a device that allows for increased throughput capacity by increasing the depth of the fluid half-pipe along its length. This increase in depth will have the added benefit of allowing the rider to move in the fall direction and promote his course while surfing.

(M) To provide a flexible containerless surface capable of torsion or peristalsis by an auxiliary motion generator. The twisting of the containerless surface changes the flow pressure gradient,
It will thus exhibit steady and still variable wave properties, for example overflow waves, tunnel waves, or even different types of tunnel waves. The subsequent undulation or peristalsis of the flexible containerless surface will give a new traveling wave with variable wave characteristics. Such a device has the added benefit of a related movement to a different end point than the starting point, with an increased rider throughput capability.

(N) Apply water flow to the entire containerless surface described above, in either deep water or sheet flow format. Deep water flow over containerless surfaces will simulate ocean-like surfing conditions and allow a controlled venue for instruction, contests, or general recreation. Sheet flow over containerless surfaces enhances safety by reducing water depth, reduces water maintenance by reducing the volume of water treated, reduces energy costs by minimizing pumping water, and gains from “ground effects”. As a result of the easier surfing access and improved surfing stability provided, the required skill level of the participant will be reduced and surfing performance (ie lift and speed) will be improved by ground effects.

(O) Utilize a unique wave-forming process, ie, flow separation that creates an illusion of large deep water waves by utilizing an advantageous shallow flow. (P) Connect the sloped containerless surface to other attractions, such as "Lazy River", "Swirl Pool", conventional white water rapid ride, conventional wave pool, or "activity pool". Such a combination would allow riders to enjoy a unique combination of other successful attractions known to those skilled in the art. Such a combination has the significant advantage of adding rider capacity and utilizing the kinetic energy of the water movement exiting the inclined containerless surface, thus helping the ability to generate energy simultaneously. For example, powering the rider around the combined "Lazy River" stream.

(Q) To provide a fence that allows for the discharge of spilled turbid water, avoids the formation of oblique waves, and allows control of rider entry or exit from any side of the containerless ramp. Such a fence could also be used to serve as a split mechanism to create lanes that prevent rider contact and promote safety. (R) providing a surfing vehicle connected to the containerless surface and positioned relative to the seaplane in the stream; A movable tether can be used as a transport mechanism from a starting position outside the flow to a sliding position in the flow. The tether will then be used for hauling and will controllably haul the rider out of the stream to the surfing endpoint, or be released, allowing the rider to control his fate. Movable tethers will offer the practical benefit of facilitating rider entry and increasing rider throughput capacity.

(S) Providing a slide entry mechanism that guides participants safely and rapidly to an inclined containerless surface flow. (T) as a method for dispersing the excess potential energy of a higher height water body flowing to a lower height,
Merge the containerless sloped surface into a dam or reservoir.
Such a method could be advantageously used to safely control overflow and prevent downstream erosion.

Other advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. ********************

[0060]

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a containerless inclined portion 1 of the present invention. The plane cross-section lines shown in FIG. 1 are merely intended to generally represent a three-dimensional shape, rather than to illustrate a particular frame, scheme, and profile. In fact, it should be noted that a great variety of dimensions and configurations for containerless ramps are compatible with the principles of the present invention. Therefore, these principles should not be considered limited to the particular configurations shown or described in the figures.

<Containerless Inclined Section> The containerless inclined section 1 includes an underground structure support 2 and a downstream raised end (line) 4,
It comprises a sliding surface 3 bounded by an upstream end 5 and side ends 6a and 6b. The sliding surface 3 can be a jacket covering the underground support 2, or can be integral with it as long as it is sufficiently smooth. In the case of a jacket, the sliding surface 3 may be made of some well-known materials, such as plastic; foam; thin jacket concrete; molded metal; treated wood; fiberglass; Water-filled plastic or woven ladder; or smooth enough to minimize friction loss,
It can be made from any of any materials that will withstand the surface loads involved.

The underground structural support 2 comprises sand / gravel / stone; truss and beams; consolidated filler, pull poles,
Alternatively, it can be any other well-known method in which the running surface and the rider are anticipated and the sliding surface 3 is firmly supported and structurally supported. The slope shape of the sliding surface 3 is
It is not necessary to be limited to the sloping ramp shown in FIG. The sliding surface 3 can gradually change the curvature to assist a smooth water flow. For example, sliding surface 3
Is a vertical cross-section that is upwardly concave in a vertical cross-section parallel to the direction of the water flow, or an upwardly concave shape that transitions to an upwardly convex shape,
Alternatively, a combination of straight, concave and convex longitudinal sections can be recognized. These bent surface shapes are shown in the following figures.

Although a very large number of shapes are possible,
One element is unchanged for all containerless embodiments. That is, there must be a ramp of sufficient length, width and angle to allow the rider to perform a water gliding operation. At a minimum, such an angle is about 7 degrees from horizontal. Steeper ramp angles (with concave portions extending beyond 90 ° vertical) can provide more advanced surfing performance and flow phenomena, and are discussed below. At least, the length (from the upstream end 5 to the downstream raised end 4) and the width (from the side end 6a to the side end 6b) of the containerless inclined portion 1 are:
In order to allow the running off of water from the sliding surface 3, it must be larger than the respective length and width of the intended surfing vehicle or body. The maximum dimension of the containerless ramp 1 can be a wide range of values, which depend on external factors, such as location restrictions, resources, water flow availability, etc., rather than specific restrictions on the structure itself.

In some cases, where the water flow has a depth of 3 inches and a flow rate of 32 feet per second flows, a containerless ramp with a 20 ° angle to the horizontal is suitable to achieve the objects of the present invention. Was found. The length and width of such a ramp was approximately 20 feet to 40 feet, respectively. In this case, the location allowed the rider to catch the runoff of water from a containerless ramp with 6 feet on one side and 25 feet on the other side. In addition, as will be explained in more detail below, the water flow around, on and off the containerless ramp 1 can be used for other water ride attractions. To achieve a specific velocity flow over this ramp, a water flow of 100,000 gallons per minute would be appropriate if the working height of the pressure head was 16.5 feet above the upstream end 5 of the ramp. Was found.

FIG. 2 shows the containerless ramp of FIG. 1 during operation. The basic operation of this device is based on the rider 10
Mainly forms a single flow direction 9 (arrows) on the sliding surface 3 (its side edge 6 and the downstream raised end 4 are shown in dashed lines) to form an inclined water body that performs a surface sliding operation. Require a suitable flow source 7 (eg, a pump, a fast moving water flow or a high dam / reservoir) to form a supercritical sheet water flow 8.

The rider 10 controls his position on the supercritical water stream 8 through a balance of forces, such as gravity, drag, hydrodynamic lift, buoyancy, and self-induced kinetic energy. Rider 10 utilizes gravity to slide down the oncoming stream by removing hands and feet from the stream that maximize the hydroplaning characteristics of his surfing vehicle and increase drag. Similarly, rider 10 reverses the process,
Properly positioning his vehicle reduces his planing ability and climbs uphill with the flow by putting his hands and feet into the flow and increasing drag. Unbalanced riding, such as turns, cross-slope movements and swings between different heights of a "wave-like" surface, is enabled by the interaction of each of the above forces with the rider's kinetic energy use. .

While a shallow flow with a practical minimum of about 2 cm is preferred, supercritical flow 8 has no maximum depth. The preferred relationship of flow depth to flow velocity is made by the preferred Froude number. The practical change in Froude number for containerless ramp 1 is 2 to 75, with a preferred range between 4 and 25. A flow with a Froude number of more than 1 and less than 2 is actually a "roll wave" which is a vortex rather than a wave
Tends to get dirty from the pulsations known as Shallow flow over the containerless ramp 1 increases (a) safety by avoiding the potential for drowning in deep water (a person can walk or stand in a thin sheet flow) and (b) treated Reduced water maintenance due to reduced water flow, (c) reduced energy costs by minimizing the amount of water pumped, and (d) easier surfing access and improved "ground effect". Reduce the technical level of participants required as a result of the surfing performance. (E) Improve surfing performance (ie, lift and speed) by "ground effect". It is anticipated that there will be situations where sheet water flow is preferred but requires a deep water environment, such as contests where surfing conditions are required, such as the sea, or training or education in deep water conditions.

How the containerless ramp 1 allows the effluent water 11 (indicated by a downward curving line with dashed ends) and falls like a waterfall from the side end 6 and beyond the downstream raised end 4 Is specially noted. As noted above,
The "no container" feature of the present invention is important in achieving favorable sheet flow properties. The essentially lack of side container walls allows unrestricted water flow up the inclined sliding surface 3. As long as the water streamlines are aligned and substantially parallel to each other and to the side edges 6a and 6b of the sliding surface 3, the integrity of the sheet water flow (ie, velocity and smooth surface flow characteristics) is maintained. Thus, unrestricted side flow has the advantage of avoiding the effect of the lateral boundary layer and allows for side water run off, thus smooth flow over the sheet of water and non-reducing velocity To maintain. Further, as pointed out above, the principles of the present invention apply equally well to various configurations of ramp surfaces that do not necessarily have parallel sides 6a and 6b. Conversely, the vessel side wall creates a boundary layer effect, which increases the static pressure of water in the area of the vessel side wall,
It slows down the sheet flow, resulting in turbulent surface flow. Due to the vessel or sidewall, such boundary layer effects and turbulence are unavoidable due to frictional forces and the resulting propagation of oblique waves, both of which make it difficult to maintain a favorable parallel and consistent streamline. The single-sided containerless ramp works for the intended purpose of the invention, but due to the formation of undesired diagonal waves, it is desirable to have a stream-like diagonal jump that merges with the upward sheet supercritical flow. Only preferred structure.

In addition, oblique wave propagation and other turbulence are eliminated by the water flow structure, which maintains low static pressure along the lateral edges of the sheet flow. On the other hand, the disadvantages of the boundary layer effect are minimized when the sheet flow is on a downwardly inclined surface.
This is because turbulence is difficult to propagate upstream against gravity. In addition, any surface turbulence that may be formed is more likely to be swept downstream by a greater kinetic energy of the main water flow as compared to the kinetic energy of the turbulence.
The kinetic energy of this main stream comes from the power component of the downflow.

Further, the sliding surface 3 is extended, its height is raised or lowered, its surface area is added, its contour is bent,
By adding horizontal and inclined surfaces and / or changing the direction, velocity and thickness of the incoming supercritical water stream 8, the various sheet flow attractions described herein result. <Containerless Inclined Part in Water Circuit> As is clear from FIGS. 1 and 2, the containerless inclined part 1 does not require a pool or water storage means. However, if water recirculation is preferred, FIG. 3 shows a containerless ramp 1 that places the sliding surface 3 on a lower catch receiver 12 that allows for water retention and reuse. The lower collecting water receiver 12 is located at a position for receiving the water flow 11 overflowing from the side edges 6a and 6b of the sliding surface 3. In addition, a similar receiver for collecting water can be provided on the opposite edge to collect the running water on the opposite side of the sliding surface 3, as shown in FIG. The pump 13a supplies the still water 14a from the lower collecting water receiver 12 through the pipe 15a to the water storage tank 1 having a working head higher than the height of the downstream raised edge 4.
Transfer to 6. The actual head difference varies according to the boundary layer effect of the sliding surface 3 and the overall friction loss resulting from the turbulence caused by the rider. The preferred minimum head difference is 25% higher than the height of the downstream raised edge 4.

The nozzle 17 connected to the water storage tank 16
However, it allows the required supercritical flow 8 to move in the direction 9 over the containerless ramp 1. However,
In order to ensure non-spillover / turbulence-free operation, the water level 18 of the lower collecting water receiver 12 needs to be equal to or lower than the minimum height of the slide surface 3. As an optional means of saving energy, and in order to minimize the costs of the pipework, a separate upper collection sump 19 (or a series of sumps,
(Not shown) can be used to take advantage of the potential energy obtained from the raised runoff water 11. For this purpose, the pump 13b supplies the still water 14b to the upper collected water receiver 19b.
To the water storage tank 16 through the pipe 15b.
The sizing of the depth and width of the lower catch 12 and the upper catch 19 should be large enough to keep the amount of water sufficient to start the system and to comfortably land the rider 10 when falling off the sliding surface 3. You need to give the place. The ladder 20 facilitates exiting the lower and upper collection water receptacles 12 and 19.

A prerequisite for starting the containerless flow operation is that water flows out of the edge of the slope 1. FIG. 4 illustrates the preferred orientation of the containerless ramp 1 to the adjacent circulating pool or aquarium to maximize energy efficiency and recreational enjoyment and increase passenger capacity. The tangential orientation allows the kinetic energy of the running water to efficiently translocate its momentum and to annularly power the associated whirlpool or looped river course. The looped river course is similar to what is known in the art as the so-called "lazy river". Lazy River has a water flow of 1 to 2 meters per second, a width of about 2 to 10 meters,
0.5 to 1.5 meters in depth and 100 to 1 in length
It is a horizontal winding pool of 000 meters. The primary purpose of the Lazy River is to provide a slow-flowing river with a high ability to attract riders to float participants. Conventional lazy rivers are powered by a pump that injects water from a number of piped manifolds located at the bottom or sides.

In contrast, FIG. 4 (perspective view) and FIG.
(Elevation) shows a looped river course 40 devised according to the present invention. This looped river course 40
By using the running water 11 coming out of the containerless inclined section 1 to serve to drive the water of the loop-shaped river course 40 with a concurrent capacity, the cost of the manifold with pipes can be saved. The large volume of water flow from the containerless ramp 1 provides a powerful and varied flow condition that is valued by river riders. The flow of the looped river ranges from a negative reverse vortex to a flow of just over 8 meters per second. Further, the horizontal orientation (ie, substantially uniform height) of the looped river stream allows the river rider to float apart in the loop.

Another advantage of the embodiment of FIG. 4 is the ability to create traveling or traveling waves with looped river 40. Such waves, exhibiting the characteristics of natural waves found in a bore going up a river, can be created by pulsating or circulating the flow emanating from the nozzles 17, thereby causing the flow to swell. Under appropriate conditions, the waves generated by this swell can orbit the entire lazy river 40.

In order to realize a unique and complementary combination of the containerless inclined section 1 and the functional loop-shaped river course 40, the river course 40 and the containerless inclined section 1 (ie, the water 11 that has flowed out and the pump inlet 80) And correct orientation with the pump pipe outlet 81). The maximum driving force due to the minimum energy loss to the jumping water 24 at the meeting point of the water 11 flowing out and the water in the vortex pool 50 or the loop river course 40 is the following two factors:
(1) Introducing the water 11 flowing out at the water level in the vortex pool 50 or the loop-shaped river course 40;
And (2) the vortex pool 50 or the loop river course 40
Water flowing in a direction tangent to the direction of flow in the water 1
It is a function of introducing 1. Continuous rider migration on a looped river course requires an open channel with a conventional "lazy river" design and a substantially uniform water level. To properly utilize the pump suction as an aid to the river circulation, the pump inlet 80 of the pump station 82 is provided upstream with the junction of the effluent water 11 and the longest unbiased water in the looped river course 40. (Eg where the flow velocity in the lazy river is at a minimum). For safety purposes, a floor / sidewall grid 83 (see FIG. 5) separates the looped river course 40 from the pump inlet. To complete the system circuit, pump station 32
Lifts the water into the water storage tank 16, and the containerless slope 1
Supply water for

The water 11 that has flowed out can also serve to give power to the horizontal vortex pool 50. Whirlpool pool 50 from 10 to 70
A circular pool having a preferred diameter of 0.5 meters and a depth of 0.5 to 1.5 meters and a circular pool with a speed of 1 to 10 meters per second. The height of the vortex pool 5 can be the same as or just below the top or downstream edge of the containerless ramp 1. As shown, the height of the vortex pool 50 is
The water from such a vortex pool is above the height of the looped river course 40 to provide increased velocity at the pressure head as it merges with the river course 40 at the jump 24.
A properly sized vortex pool can replace the river course and vice versa.

The loop river course 40 or the pool 50
b can also be provided at the upper end of the pipe outlet 81 of the pump, as shown in FIG. Such a position allows the use of a pump speed head to drive the circulation of the flow.
In addition to using the available energy efficiently,
Such a location also allows the reservoir 16 to act as a sedimentation basin, resulting in a smooth flow out of the nozzle 17. In this case, the height of the vortex pool 50b can be higher than that of the loop river course 40, and the same as or lower than the height of the water in the water storage tank 16 (or above as shown in FIG. 5). Can even do that).

FIG. 6 (front view), FIG. 7 (cross-sectional view) and FIG.
(Front perspective view) shows the preferred shape of the pool or containerless ramp 1 that does not use the pool for outgoing riders to land on the water. FIG. 6 shows a containerless ramp expanded from the aforementioned boundaries, namely the downstream raised edge 4 and the side edges 6a and 6b (identified by dotted lines in FIG. 6) by downwardly inclined transition surfaces 21a, 21b and 21c. 1 shows a part 1. The downwardly inclined transition surface 21 is adjacent to the sliding surface 3 as well as the sub-surface support and is preferably made of the same material.

FIG. 8 (front perspective view) shows the containerless ramp 1 which is extended by a downwardly inclined transition surface 21 in operation. The supercritical flow 8 flowing out of the water source 7 and moving in the direction 9 creates water on which the rider 10a performs a water gliding movement. Rider 10b has completed its final action and has slid on the downwardly inclined transition surface 21b towards the stop / exit area. In this exit area, the effluent water 11 flows off through the resting floor 22, on which the rider 10c
Can easily get up and walk away. The stop floor 22 is aligned with the trailing edge of the downwardly inclined transition surface 21 and serves as a protrusion thereto, from the panel surface through which a smooth anti-slip grid or small drainage hole sized to drain the effluent water 11 penetrates. And provide a solid foothold for exiting riders. As shown in cross section 7, a pump 23 is located below stop floor 22 to collect still water 14. The pump 18 transfers the still water 14 through the pipe 15 to the water source 7, where the supercritical stream 8 flows again. The embodiment of a containerless ramp as shown in FIG. 4 has advantages when deep pools and streams are unavailable or undesirable, for example for people who do not swim.

A unique feature of the containerless ramp 1 is its ability to simulate a large number of waveforms corresponding to different surfers in a wide range of skill levels. Beginner waves are characterized by the absence of a wavefront gradient. Generally, beginners prefer waves having a front angle of less than 45 °. At such an angle of inclination, the following three types of waveforms: (1) an unbroken and yet ridable wavefront; (2) a cloudy water bore; and (3) an overflow with smooth unbroken shoulders. Stream waves have been identified. Sliding surface 3 of containerless slope 1
Is preferably set at 20 ° and in the range of 7 to 45 °, an ideal simulation of an appropriate wavefront angle for a wave for beginners can be performed.

<Simulated Cloudy Water Bore> FIGS. 2-4 described above illustrate a containerless ramp 1 for beginners that simulates static, uninterrupted and rideable waves. I have. The maintenance of this “uninterrupted” water flow profile requires that the kinetic energy of the supercritical flow 8 always exceed the potential energy at the downstream raised edge 4.

FIG. 9 illustrates a containerless ramp 1 for beginners that simulates a quiet, bubbling cloudy bore with the contours of the water flow. The velocity (ie, kinetic energy) of the sheet supercritical flow 8 moving in the direction 9 and tilting upward
Is smaller than the gravitational potential energy at the downstream raised edge 4, the sheet water stream 8 forms a jump 24 prior to reaching the downstream raised edge 4. Accordingly, the cloudy water 25 swells downward and to the side edge like the water 11 that has flowed out, and the same effect on the static cloudy water occurs on the slide surface 3 of the containerless slope 1. In order to maintain this hydraulic state, the kinetic energy of the supercritical flow 8 must always be smaller than the potential energy at the downstream raised edge 4. Since the containerless inclined portion 1 has no enclosure or other side restricting means, the cloudy water 25 can easily leave the side edges 6a and 6b and can avoid supercritical flow burial. The relative position of the jumping water 24 is determined by the supercritical flow 8 speed.
The position of the jumping water 24 on the sliding surface 3 increases in proportion to the speed. The rider 10 performs a water sliding operation on the supercritical flow 8 and the cloudy water 25.

<Simulated Overflow Wave> Regarding two general methods for forming a simulated overflow wave having a smooth and uninterrupted shoulder on the containerless inclined section 1; Velocity gradient method; (2) Some methods have a cross water pressure gradient method. Which approach to use depends on the overall purpose and constraints of the containerless ramp structure and the effective water flow characteristics. The cross flow velocity gradient method is a preferable method when the structure of the containerless slope 1 is limited to a symmetric arrangement. The cross-flow pressure gradient method is a preferred method when the speed of the initial supercritical flow 8 ascending the containerless inclined section 1 is constant.

FIG. 10 shows a simulated spillover wave with smooth, uninterrupted shoulders. This spillover wave is established by the introduction of a cross-flow velocity gradient created by two unequal supercritical water flows 8a and 8b rising in the direction 9 on the containerless ramp 1 to the height of the raised edge 4.
The "overburden" effect results from the first supercritical streams 8a and 8b, which are released at two different rates from the water sources 7a and 7b and represent the two concomitantly occurring hydrodynamic states.
That is, the two hydraulic states are: a higher velocity supercritical flow 8a reaching the top of the raised edge 4 (associated with the water source 7a) and insufficient kinetic energy to reach the raised edge 4. And a lower velocity supercritical stream 8b (associated with the flowing water source 7b). The lower velocity supercritical stream 8b is slowed down to a critical state, forming a jump associated with the overflow of the turbid turbulent stream 25 within the criticality. The containerless slope 1 allows the overflow cloudy water 25 to exit the side edge 6 like the water 11 that has flowed out and to avoid supercritical flow burial.

The cross-flow velocity gradient can be achieved by arranging a plurality of water sources of different kinetic energies side by side and projecting them all together in an upwardly inclined direction as shown in FIG. 10, or by a single arrangement of nozzles or plenums. It is formed by any suitable arrangement of a water source (eg, a pump). FIG. 11 shows a nozzle 17 having an asymmetrical large-diameter side 26a and an asymmetrical small-diameter side 26b and having an asymmetrical diameter 26 capable of forming a water flow having a still water inclination. As shown in FIG. 12, at the time of the first discharge of the supercritical flow 8 from the asymmetrical aperture 26 (indicated by the dashed line and arrow), the supercritical flow is shifted from the 8a side to the other 8b side because the water surface is inclined. Thicker (eg, deeper). If the supercritical stream 8 rises over a fixed surface, such as the containerless ramp 1, gravity acts to "push" the thicker stream so that the stream flattens itself. In this planarization process, more water is accelerated by the laws of continuity of fluid dynamics as more water is released from the asymmetrical large diameter side 26a.

Thus, with the containerless ramp 1 having the appropriate angle and length, two hydraulic states coexist. That is, the supercritical stream 8 released from the large diameter side 26a crosses the downstream raised edge 4 and maintains its supercritical properties, while the supercritical stream 8b jumps due to discharge from the small diameter side 26b. And white turbid water 25 is generated in a low place on the upper surface of the containerless inclined portion 1. The containerless ramp 1 allows the overflowing cloudy running water 25 to pass over the side edge 6 like the flowing water 11 and avoid burial of the supercritical flow.

As shown in FIG. 13, a cross flow velocity gradient also occurs when the single flow source 7 injects water into one side of the plenum 37 by means of the bore 31 located open on the containerless slope 1. The high-speed water flow core 28 directly discharged from the outlet of the water supply pipe 29 is connected to the non-series portion 3 of the opening 31.
It retains better complete continuity (indicated by the dotted line 30) from the continuity portion 31a of the opening 31 but not from 1b. Therefore, two kinds of hydraulic conditions coexist with the containerless inclined portion 1 having an appropriate angle and length. That is, the supercritical flow 8 emanating from the serial opening 31a crosses the downstream raised edge 4 and maintains its own supercritical properties, while the supercritical flow 8b generates the supercritical flow 8 emanating from the non-serial opening 31b. Therefore, the water turbidity 25 occurs at a low place on the surface of the containerless inclined portion 1 due to the water jump. The containerless ramp 1 allows the overflowing cloudy water 25 to pass over the side edge 6 like the water 11 that has flowed out and to avoid burial of the supercritical flow.

A second approach to simulating overflow waves with smooth, unbroken shoulders is to create a cross-water pressure gradient. Such a cross-flow pressure gradient is created, for example, by a foundation, a depression, injected water, a single side wall. A preferred technique for avoiding flooding and disconnection on the sliding surface 3 of the containerless ramp 1 is by increasing the water pressure. In this connection,
FIG. 14 shows an asymmetrically extended (indicated by dashed lines) containerless surface 1 for forming an ascending downstream raised edge 4. Therefore, two kinds of hydraulic conditions coexist with the containerless slope 1 having an appropriate angle and length. That is, the supercritical flow 8a passing over the shorter rising edge 4a maintains its own supercritical characteristics, and the other supercritical flow 8b fails to reach the rising edge 4 due to insufficient kinetic energy, and the water jumps. The cloudy water 25 is shown in the lower part on the surface of the containerless inclined part 1 that has arisen. A similar effect is obtained / expanded by tilting the extension side 4b more than the sliding surface 3. Thus, in this case, the extension side 4b is not only longer but also higher than the shorter side 4a. The containerless slope 1 allows the overflowing cloudy water 25 to pass over the side edge 6 like the water 11 that has flowed out and to avoid burial of the supercritical flow. Traveling Wavebreaks The effects that are inevitable on uneven containerless surfaces are, on the one hand, to solve the temporary swelling problem caused by vortex shedding, and on the other hand are analogous to ocean waves breaking parallel to the seaside It is used to create a recreation facility that simulates a migratory breakwater. In a start-up situation, the initial torrent has a smaller volume, velocity, and pressure than the subsequent one due to the gradual stagnation of the water flow created by activating the pump / motor and opening the valve. This extrusion creates a stagnation of water (ie, "mobile" jumps and temporary swells) at the front of the stream, as the initial starting stream is then pushed into a stronger stream of discharge. Increasing the slope above the sliding surface only exacerbates the problem. That is, the supercritical flow rate that shifts into the critical state increases, and the amount of energy required to keep pushing the swell upward increases.

If the initial kinetic energy of the incoming water stream is not sufficient to push the subcritical retained water to the top of the slope, the temporary swell will be so large that the fully open water stream cannot be removed even later. growing. The unevenness assists temporary swell removal by reducing the threshold energy for temporary swell removal and providing a "threshold" to trigger the removal process.

FIGS. 15, 16 and 17 show how the design of the asymmetrical containerless ramp 1 over time works to solve the pressure / water flow delay problem at start-up. In FIG. 15, the supercritical stream 8 is discharged from the water source 7 in the direction 9. The temporary swell 32 is formed when the weak water flow that has initially started comes into contact with the steep slope region 3 a on the slide surface 3. However, when the kinetic energy and the amount of water of the supercritical flow 8 accumulate, the supercritical flow passes over the lower side edge 4 b of the downstream raised edge 4 and flows on the downward inclined transition surface 21. FIG. 16 shows this start-up process in which the water pressure / flow ratio from the water source 7 is increased and the temporary swell 32 is further raised on the containerless ramp 1, especially on the steep slope area 3 a. FIG. 17 shows the final start-up phase during which the temporary swell 32 is pushed out of the higher side edge 4 a of the downstream raised edge 4 and the entire sliding surface is covered by the supercritical flow 8. Reversing this process has the effect of simulating the overflowing waves that are inclined and break with respect to the beach, as can be seen over time through FIGS. 18 and 19, FIGS. 20 and 21, and FIGS. 22 and 23. I do. 18 (side view) and 19 (plan view), the supercritical flow 8
Has started discharging from the water storage tank 16 in the direction 9. The head of the water storage tank 16 as indicated by the water level 18a is:
The supercritical flow 8 flows out of the opening 31 and produces a supercritical flow 8 with high kinetic energy. The sliding surface 3 is covered with running water, and water 11 flows out from the entire downstream raised edge 4.
The water 11 that has flowed out falls into the collected water receiver 34 as shown in FIGS. Shortly after the rider 10 has embarked from the departure platform 33 to perform a watering action, the pump 13 stops filling the water storage tank 16. A few seconds later, FIGS. 20 (side view) and 21 (plan view) illustrate a decrease in the water level 18b and a concomitant decrease in the kinetic energy of the supercritical flow 8. Therefore,
The jumping water associated with the cloudy water 25 occurs first at the upper end 4a of the downstream raised edge 4 and then begins to "separate" towards the lower side edge 4b of the downstream raised edge 4 which occurs downstream. At the same time, the rider 10a cleverly survives to stay in front of the "peeling wave". This simulates an overflowing wave that is inclined and broken with respect to the beach.

Further, FIGS. 22 (side view) and 23 (plan view)
Indicates a water level 18c at the bottom of the water storage tank 16 a little later. The kinetic energy of the supercritical flow 8 is
If it is equal to the potential energy at the lower side edge 4b, the "separation" effect subsequently ceases and the water flow leads to a reduced cloudy water bore appearance. The rider 10a enters the collected water receiver 34 to complete the surfing. At that time, the pump 13 refills the water storage tank 16, allowing the above cycle to be repeated for the rider 10b.

<Extension of Sliding Surface> The fact that the water storage tank 16 and the opening 31 shown in FIG. 22 are close to the rider 10a may cause a safety concern for the operator. All of the previous figures have the same concerns, but these can be easily addressed by extending the sliding surface 3 in the horizontal upstream direction. By extending in the horizontal direction,
The distance between the rider 10 and the upstream actuator can be increased, and the component force caused by gravity moving the rider upstream can be eliminated. Along with improved safety, a horizontal extension with an appropriate ratio of the sliding surface 3 can significantly improve the performance characteristics of the slip, ie the acceleration process.

In this regard, see the schematic illustration of the horizontal extension of the containerless ramp 1 described in FIG. By adding a horizontal sub-region substantially perpendicular to gravity (hereinafter referred to as a sub-equal dyne area 35), the extension of the sliding surface 3 can be conceptually divided into three regions having the function of a slope. That is, a super-equal dyne area 36 and an equilibrium zone 38 (represented by dashed line 37) transitioning therefrom.
And a sub-equal dyne area 35 (represented by a dashed line 39) that transitions from here.

The supercritical water flow (not shown) flows in the direction of arrow 9 to form a diagonal flow along the surfaces of the sub-equal dyne area 35, the equilibrium zone 38, and the super-equal dyne area 36. The rider (not shown) can enjoy surfing or water skiing. Such a play is impossible at all without skillful combination of the above-mentioned sub-regions.

The functional features of these sub-regions allow the rider to increase speed and perform water gliding operations that would otherwise be impossible without the correct combination by choosing the physical ratios correctly. . A further discussion of surfing techniques is needed to explain whether the correct choice of slide surface size can further enhance the enjoyment of water-sliding operations. An essential factor for modern surfing and gliding behavior characteristics is the correctness of the swing, speed and percentage of the area of the "wave" surface that slides on. Each of these three elements will now be described in detail.

[1. Swing] The essence of modern surfing is that riders may have the opportunity to fully enjoy swinging between the overrunning and underrunning flow regions. As one becomes accustomed, the area of equilibrium can only be felt as a transition area that necessarily passes in the route to the two flow areas. Swing motion adds the advantage that a rider can increase his speed.

[2. Speed] Speed is an essential element in performing modern surfing operations. Without sufficient speed, surfing cannot begin. Methods and means for increasing speed on properly shaped waves refer to how to increase the speed of a swing at a resort as discussed in Scientific American, March 1989, pp. 106-109. It will be clear. Surfers can increase their speed and height above the waves in a similar "supply" action, as well as "supply" the swing to increase speed and reachable height. Can be.

[0098] During a swing operation, when the user bends and crouches at the highest position, all of the person's energy becomes potential energy. As it descends from the highest position, the energy gradually changes to kinetic energy and the speed increases. When a person reaches the lowest position, all the energy of the wave becomes kinetic energy and the wave runs at the highest speed. Next, when going up the arc surface, the above-mentioned change in energy is reversed. That is, the speed gradually decreases and stops momentarily at the top of the arc.
How high (and how fast) you can travel during a swing operation depends on what movements the rider makes during this swing. If he does not change his crouching position, the upward motion will be the exact opposite of the downward motion, and the height of the rider's center of gravity will end at the same height as when he begins the forward swing (but with friction If you don't think). Contrary to the above, his swing is even higher and faster if he is standing up (ie "replenishing" the swing) when at the lowest point.

From the above considerations of swing mechanics, the importance of the sub-equal dyne area 35 is that it is by nature the lowest point on containerless ramps and waves.
By performing a rising / extending operation at this low point,
He is faster than when he stands at any other point on the riding surface. This increase in velocity and total kinetic energy is due to two other mechanical principles, both of which can be used by the rider on a sliding surface 3 or a wave.

By rising at the lowest point of the path that can be swung, the center of gravity of the rider rises, and therefore the amount of vertical movement up the slope from the first descent is increased.
By crouching at the top of the orbit and then rising at the bottom, the vertical momentum can be increased and the loss of energy due to fluid friction can be regained. Yet another mechanism, the increase in kinetic energy, is due to the increase in the angle of rotation. When a rider rotates on its trajectory about a point above the surface of the wave, the lower elongation / rise motion increases its angular velocity, and the skater conserves momentum by retracting his arm (ie, It is very similar to increasing the rotational speed (increasing the moment of inertia). However, this increase in kinetic energy means an increase in velocity because kinetic energy is increased by the task of standing up against centrifugal force and is proportional to the square of angular velocity.

It is important to note that the similarity to the dynamics of the swing is only given by example or explanation. The surfer's swing motion is more complex mechanical and dynamic. However, in describing the advantages of the present invention, utilizing similarities to others is considered to be advantageous as described below. [3. Correct area ratio] As shown in FIG. 24, the containerless inclined portion 1 has the sub-dyne area 3 at the correct ratio.
5. Combining the balancing area 38 and the super-equal dyne area 36 to utilize the transition area necessary for the rider to reach the desired speed by swinging and to perform recent surfing and gliding operations. Enable.

FIG. 25 has a sub-equal dyne area 35, an equilibrium zone 38 and a super-equal dyne area 36.
Represents a cross section. Sub-etc. Dyne area 35, balance section 38
The relationship between each area size and the super-equal dyne area 36 is as follows. The preferred size of the length of the sub-equal dyne area 35 measured in the direction of the flow 9 is the rising amount of the containerless inclined portion 1 (from the lowest point of the sub-equal dyne area 35 to the top of the super-equal dyne area 36). Vertical distance) of at least 1.5 to 4 times. Large proportional lengths are used for low height containerless ramps 1 (eg, 1 m) and small proportional lengths are used for high height containerless ramps 1 (eg, 6 m).

The preferred shape of the equilibrium zone 38 is defined by a portion of the curve that varies in cross section (in the direction of flow), for example, an ellipse; a parabola; a hyperbola or a spiral. In the changing curve, the shape of the equilibrium zone 38 is substantially arcuate (i.e. the rising water must go to a gradually decreasing radius or "closed" curve when climbing the surface of the containerless ramp 1). Moreover, the radius of the closed curve is approximately equal to the radius of the tip of the super-equal dyne area 36 at its minimum position, or tangential to the horizontal at its longest. For simplicity and scale reasons (but not to be limiting), the length of the uphill portion of the equilibrium zone 38 is a distance approximately equal to the length of the rider's flow planing vehicle, ie, about 3 to 10 feet. Can be limited.

The preferred form of the super-equal dyne area 36 is defined by a portion of the curve that varies in cross section (in the direction of flow), for example, an ellipse; a parabola; a hyperbola; or a spiral. In the changing curve, the shape of the super-equal dyne area 36 is initially arcuate (i.e., rising water is directed to a radius that increases as it rises up the surface of the means for creating flow). The radius of the above closed curve is always smaller at its longest part than the radius of the longest arc of the equilibrium zone 38 and at its shortest part is of a size sufficient for the rider to fit into a "tunnel wave" (described below). Have. Super-equal dyne area 36
Must be at least sufficient for the rider to be accelerated in the reverse flow direction. The maximum length of the super-equal dyne area 36 in the direction of the flow 9 is limited at most by the available head of the upwardly flowing water flow.

Next, FIG. 26 shows the sub-equal dyne area 35, the equilibrium area 38 and the super-equal dyne area 3 of the correct ratio.
6 shows the rider 10 at each stage of the surfing operation on the containerless ramp 1 improved by the respective areas 6. The rider 10 in the super-equal dyne area 36 is in a crouched position, increasing in speed as it descends the water surface formed along the bottom surface of the supercritical water stream 8 emanating from the water source 7 and flowing in the direction 9. When the lowest point of the sub-equal dyne area 35 is reached, the rider 10 extends his body and simultaneously changes direction and returns to the super-equal dyne area 36. As a result of this operation, the rider 10 can increase speed and can perform more surfing operations.
The process by which a surfing or water glider rides actively to increase speed is referred to as an acceleration process.

In the sub-equal dyne area 35 and the equilibrium zone 38 of the sliding surface 3, the surface is inclined practically by tilting these surfaces laterally (ie, from side to side) in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction 9. You can make a change. Such a tilt can increase the throughput capacity when it is applied to the containerless ramp 1. This is because the rider moves in the direction of the tilt due to the increase in the vector component of gravity due to his weight in the direction of the tilt. Such a slope
It must be at least sufficient to effect the movement of the rider in the tilt direction. It must also allow for water gliding at most.

The ride capacity is a function of the number of riders who can slide on the containerless ramp 1 for a defined time. In practice, due to the limited size of the containerless ramp 1, throughput capacity is increased by limiting the length of time taken by a rider. Therefore, tilting the slide surface 3 is such that gravity helps the rider to move from the starting point to the goal point. Generally, the preferred slope is 1:20.

FIG. 27 shows the containerless inclined portion 1 whose sub-equal dyne area 35 is inclined in a direction 41 perpendicular to the flow direction 9. FIG. 28 shows the supercritical water 8 emanating from the water source 7 and traveling in the direction 9 across the sub-equal dyne area (inclined), the equilibrium zone 38 and the super-equal dyne area 36. As the rider 10a swings up and down on the containerless ramp 1, the rider will simultaneously follow a meandering path 43 from the departure platform 33 to the end pool 42 (sub-equal dyne area 35).
Is tilted). Shortly thereafter, rider 10b
The improvement in the throughput capacity is evident, since it can enter the containerless ramp 1. In addition to increasing the throughput capacity, the tilting of the sub-equal dyne area 35 will assist in draining water from the containerless ramp 1 during shutdown.

<Combination Wave> The containerless inclined portion 1 can be used to simulate the shapes of waves and breaking waves which are ideal for intermediate to advanced surfers. In addition, large waves are characterized by their frontal shape and steep slope. Generally, skilled surfers prefer waves with a frontal angle of more than 45 °. At such a tilt angle, two more of the above-described waveforms are distinguished: (1) the front of a wave that is not broken and can be ridden; and (2) its shoulder. A smooth, unbroken overflow wave. Under more important and correct conditions, the most preferred third waveform can also be simulated.
That is, it is a waveform that allows a surfer to slide through a tube or tunnel by being rolled forward from a horizontal state through a vertical state. Ideally, the tunnel is open to the shoulders of the unbroken waves, which become increasingly gradual. Skilled riders can travel from the tunnel to their shoulders and back again.

FIG. 29 (feature contours in feet) and FIG. 30 (perspective view) enable the separation of supercritical flow to create a tube or tunnel open to the unbroken wave shoulder. 1 shows a basic shape of a containerless inclined portion 1 to be formed. The unique property of this basic shape lies in the ability of the separating flow tunnel to have a wide range of flow rates and thicknesses in containerless ramps that are not required to bend beyond vertical. The basic shape shown in the perspective view of FIG. 30 is the shoulder 44, elbow 45, dent 46 and tail 4 that form the illustrated tunneling wave.
7 inclusive.

According to the shape contours shown in FIG. 29 in which the flow direction 9 is identified, the four identified sub-regions on the sliding surface 3 define the following basic shapes which are inclined: Are: shoulder 44 (the area to the left of the dashed vertical line), elbow 45 (the area between the dashed vertical line and the vertical dotted line), dent 46 (the area between the vertical dotted line and the vertical dashed line), and The tail 47 (the right side of the vertical broken line).

The shoulder 44 has a shape similar to the slip surface shape described above (eg, FIGS. 2, 3 and 4) that creates a crushed but slippery wave surface. When shifting to the elbow 45, the sliding surface 3 starts to curve downward with a smooth curve. With the downstream curvature, the sliding surface 3 starts to increase the slope, and the downstream ridge 4 simultaneously increases in height. At the point where the slope angle is at a maximum, the elbow 36 transitions into the depression 37, the sliding surface peaks in terms of slope and concaveness and the ridge 4 reaches the highest height. As shown in FIG. 29, the contour map shows the preferred positions of the shoulder 35, the elbow 36, and the depression 37. The sweil 49 is used to filter out spilling whitewater waves within the critical during start-up and to remove whitewater waves that appear when the tunnel lip recombine. The swale 49 is formed by a smoothly shaped depression in the sub-equal dyne area 35.

The streamline characteristics shown in FIG. 31 are based on a suitable source (eg, pump, fast water flow or high dam / water storage tank) to create a supercritical sheet flow of water in the initial flow direction 9 (indicated by the arrow). ). The water realistic properties of the streams and their synergistic interactions are best described for each subregion. In the shoulder region 44, since the sole source of external pressure is gravity, the constant slope of the surface is mainly due to the upsliding surface 3 leading to a two-dimensional straight line and the falling ridge 4 indicated by streamline 48a. Creates a stream 8 with In the elbow sub-region 45, the backward sweep creates a low-pressure region heading toward the back sweep side. When the stream 8 rises above the elbow 45 to avoid increasing the water pressure, the stream 8 begins to turn into the low pressure region indicated by streamline 48b. At this time, the stream 8 is no longer two-dimensional and changes to three-dimensional due to this cross-flow pressure gradient.

The trajectory of stream 8 indicated by streamline 48b is inclined in a parabolic shape. If this is virtually extended (indicated by a continuous dashed line), the latter half of this parabola is heading downhill and deviating angularly from the sliding surface 3. In the indented area 46, the swale 49 of the sub-equal dyne area 35 is combined with an increase in the slope of the sliding surface 3 so that it rises more straight as indicated by the streamline 48c to form a more closely closed parabolic trajectory. change. Thus, the streamlines 48b and 48c merge because the trajectory is clearly parabolic. Both flows turn away from the sliding surface 3 because momentum is exchanged during the merge. This separates the flow and creates a desirable steady tunnel open to the unbroken shoulder, on which the rider 10 can perform a hydroplane operation.

As the supercritical flow 8 separates from the sliding surface 3, the new direction of flow indicated by streamline 48bc is:
It is orthogonal to the first direction 9 of the flow. Stream line 48bc flows 9
When the water merges again, the cloudy water 25 appears and forms a tail race 51 guided by the tail region 47. The prerequisite for the flow tunnel is that the flow 8
Must have at least enough speed to get over the downstream ridge 4 of the shoulder region 44. Supercritical flow 8
The speed of the tunnel increases the diameter of the tunnel. That is, the apparent wave size increases. When increasing wave velocity is not a limiting factor, the maximum tunnel diameter is determined primarily by the degree of inclination of the indentation 46 in the super-equal dyne area. If the inclination only approaches vertical, the tunnel diameter size becomes maximum when the supercritical flow 8 does not separate at the time of merging, that is, when it flows along the bottom surface. Sliding surface 30
When the inclination exceeds the vertical, a rewind phenomenon occurs as shown in FIG. 33, and a tunnel may be formed from the flow along the bottom surface. The embodiment of FIG. 33 has the advantage that it can create a flow tunnel in situations where the velocity head of the supercritical flow 8 is significantly above the vertical maximum of the downward ridge 4.

By changing the directions of the elbow 45, the indentation 46 and the tail 47 within an allowable range within a predetermined range, it is possible to meet the restriction of a place or to perform a certain flow tunnel effect. This is especially important when the tail race 51 needs to be used again, for example, when the loop river course needs to be driven as described above. By shifting the direction of each sub-region (i.e., shoulder 44, elbow 45, dent 46 and tail 47) through a defined region, an increase or decrease in the degree of confluence of streamlines 48b and 48c can be created. When streamline merging is too poor, separation and consequent tunneling do not occur. When streamlines merge appropriately, flow velocities exceeding the limits, the appearance of water jumps, and the phenomenon of cloudy water 25 generated therefrom are observed. However, it may be preferable to appropriately induce such an effect. When the supercritical flow separates under the force of local jumps, different types of "wave-like" shapes are created, such as various combinations of overflow and tunnel flow. These flows have different appearances, and are used differently by riders in different ways. For example, the “snowball effect” in a flow tunnel caused by the formation of water jumps at a tail 47 that is wound by high tunnel waves while making a cloudy water snowball in a dent 46 is a problem for riders, eg, body surfers. "shoulder"
Can be used for acceleration in the direction of The directions shown in FIGS. 29 and 31 are directed toward a range where streamline merging can be maximized. The direction in FIG. 32 is toward the minimum range where streamlines are allowed to merge.

Further, shoulder 44, elbow 45, dent 4
Various waveforms can be created by changing other parameters such as the size, orientation, and placement of the tail 6 and tail 47. By arranging the shoulder 44, the elbow 45, the indentation 46 and the tail 47 in reverse, the direction of the flow 9 can be changed. The minimum / maximum angular relationship used in this case is the same. Similarly, by changing the direction of the backward sweep, a symmetrical wave of the stream breaking to the left or breaking to the right as described above can be created.

FIGS. 34, 35, 36, 37, and 38
And FIG. 39 illustrate the features of the containerless ramp 1 of FIGS. 29-32, i.e., its unique flow forming ability.
That is, the corrugated supercritical flow 8 generated in the direction 9 from a water source (not shown) (by gradually increasing the velocity of the water flow),
A steady white water bore (as shown in FIG. 34) throughout the wave forming means; an unbroken steady overflow wave at the shoulder (as shown in FIG. 35); an unbroken steady flow tunnel at the shoulder (As shown in FIG. 36). This method of forming a simulation of a gradual waveform will be referred to as a "flow transition process."

The flow transition process as shown in FIGS. 37, 38 and 39 is such that the rider (s) 10a or 10b sequentially has a number of simulated wave types, such as a cloudy water bore,
Allows unbreakable, overflow or tunnel to be enjoyed on a single appropriately shaped containerless ramp 1 and all of it in a relatively short time (or one after another by an operator) Have the advantage to. For example, FIGS.
The water flow can be pulsed (pulsated) or rhythmically repeated to create the various waveforms shown in FIG. 9, thereby simulating the variegated waves experienced on the coast.

[0120] The speed of the water flow is controlled by the variable volume of the head controlled by a gate or by a known combination, the direct volume and speed of the pump realized by a variable speed motor, an electrical variable speed drive system or a gear / clutch mechanism. This is performed by control. <Moving Water Wave Width> Another selection means for increasing the throughput capacity of the containerless inclined section 1 is the shape of the movable opening 52 that creates the moving water wave width 53, as shown in FIG.
At 0, 41 and 42 are shown over time. The traveling water wave width has a lateral component or direction of motion (as shown by arrow 54) other than the previously described direction 9 of the stream 9. Desirably, the lateral component of motion 54 moves at a rate of 1 to 5 meters per second. As shown in FIG. 40, the rider 10 moves the departure platform 3
From 3, ride on the moving water wave width and try to increase the speed to the same speed as the side motion component 54 while performing the water gliding operation. After a few seconds, the rider 10 turns according to the acceleration process, synchronizing his lateral motion with the lateral motion component 54 of the moving water wave width 53 as shown in FIG. In FIG. 42 a few seconds later, the rider 10 moves to the top of the moving water wave width 53 and starts to turn down toward the final pool 42. The moving aperture 52 can be created from either a moving nozzle, a moving weir, a single opening that opens sequentially, or multiple openings (not shown) that open sequentially. Other advantages of the traveling water wave width technique include the ability to minimize peripheral flow that ends up unused by the rider and the advantage of being able to arbitrarily select the placement design when moving the rider from one point to another.

With respect to wave simulation, FIG. 40 shows a wave surface that can be ridden without breaking, which is preferred by beginners. Any other simulated waveforms (eg, cloudy water bore; smooth, unbroken spill over the shoulder;
Or, a smooth, unbroken flow tunnel) can be easily realized by changing the inclination of the surface of the containerless slope 1 and the direction and speed of the water flow as described above, or by changing one of them. In this regard, FIG. 43 shows riders 10a, 10b, and 10c simultaneously riding on moving water wave widths 53a, 53b, and 53c, respectively, all of which have side components of motion emanating from moving aperture 52. ing. By progressively changing the speed of the water and the shape of the sliding surface according to the above rules, the rider 10a can ride on the unbroken shoulder, rider 10b on the spilled water with the unbroken shoulder, and rider 10c. Each can perform hydroplane operations on a flow tunnel with unbroken shoulders. It should be noted that the traveling wave width technique allows the simulated water shape to transfer energy from point A to point B, and to allow the phase of the wave to change from point A to point B. Thus, there is no steady pattern, but what is there is an average transition of momentum going in the direction of movement of the aperture.

Sliding surface motion also creates average movement of momentum and unsteady flow patterns. FIG. 44 shows a containerless ramp 1 with a suitable water flow source 7. This supply source 7 allows a supercritical water stream to flow in an initial flow direction 9 (indicated by an arrow) and to flow on a flexible sliding surface 3 which performs a dynamic sequence swing such as peristalsis by a split-plane assisted motion generator. The split plane motion generator 56 sequentially expands and contracts the flexible sliding surface to generate a component 5 of the motion in a plurality of directions indicated by the arrow 54.
4 is raised and lowered by a pneumatic / hydraulic bag that produces 4. The rider 10 can perform the water gliding operation on the upwardly inclined sheet flow with the help of the swinging sliding surface. Another commonly available method uses wedges or rollers that utilize mechanical power.

The distortion of the surface of the containerless changes the pressure gradient of the flow and thus the waves that can be changed, for example overflows,
Wave properties can be described, including waves, flow tunnels, or even various tunnel effects. The sequence swinging or peristaltic movement of the pliable containerless surface allows for novel moving ramps with various flow characteristics. At least in the range of movement of the flexible containerless surface, such as when the tail 47 and indentation 46 of FIG. 32 move in a direction opposite to the direction of the flow 9 to induce jumping with overflow. The movement required to change and change only a portion of a particular flow could be included. At maximum, the entire ramp can move in a direction parallel or orthogonal to the direction of flow. Such a device further allows the rider 10 to move to an end point different from the start point, further increasing throughput capacity. Further, the split-plane assist motion generator 56 can be locked in position to be used for steady flow.

<Prevention of Oblique Waves> In this regard, it has been described that the flow over the containerless ramp 1 is produced on the ramp or in the horizontal direction. If the source for such a flow is from a pump or an opening, such as a dam / reservoir with a nozzle, oblique (ie, inconsistent flow streamlines) waves angle the boundary layer turbulence caused by the enclosure of the opening. It is very likely that it will be created. The oblique waves not only hinder the rider's hydroplane motion, but also increase and eventually occlude the entire flow.

A solution to the appearance of the oblique wave is shown in FIG. That is, a descending ramp 55 is formed by an angled extension of the containerless inclined section 1, and an opening 3 is formed thereon.
1 emits a supercritical stream 8 thereon. This extension from the upstream edge 60 of the sub-equal dyne area 35 prevents the appearance of the ramp wave by creating a sufficiently ramped down ramp 55 (i.e., the ramp wave is swept downstream). At least, the vertical component of the descending ramp 55 is about 5 meters and the preferred angle of inclination is 20 to 40 °. The ramp smoothly transitions to the sub-equal dyne area 35. Unlike the horizontal or inclined surface of the containerless inclined portion 1, the descending ramp 55
Is allowed to use the side walls. Because oblique waves do not have enough energy to spread against currents and uphills. The advantage of having side walls as the stream descends downhill is that it prevents sideways spreading that would kill the momentum of the stream and maintains the original state of the stream. <Fluid half-pipe> As described above, avoiding the problem of oblique waves and further extending the descending ramp 55 of the containerless inclined section 1 in the upstream direction are required for the rider to use a skateboard and a snowboard, that is, a half-pipe riding. It is possible to perform surfing and hydroplane operations in a manner that the participants could only analogize to a special sport. The term "half-pipe" as a general expression is derived from a state in which the sliding surface is almost a half-pipe and the split mouth faces upward.

In accordance with the concept of a fluid half-pipe,
As shown in FIG. 46, the rider can operate on the descending ramp 55 by fully extending the containerless inclined portion 1. At its maximum, the source pool 57 supplies a stream of water, which flows immediately after overflowing the upstream end 5 of the containerless ramp 1.
The descending ramp 55 then descends in the direction 9 to the appropriate sub-equal dyne area 35, equilibrium zone 38, super-equal dyne area, crossing the raised edge 4 downstream and into the modest receptive pool 58. The rider 10a enters the flow 8 at an appropriate point, for example, a sub-dyne area 35. In this case, as a result of the initial momentum in the forward direction as one enters the flow, the increased drag created by the hydroplane and the drag resulting in a balancing of the ride caused by the weight of the ride, the above-mentioned rider (in this case, 10b) is carried up to reach a super-equal dyne area 36 near the downstream raised edge. At this point, the rider (10c in this case) passes through the equilibrium zone 38 and the sub-equal dyne area 35 as a result of gravity overcoming the drag resulting from the vehicle, and as a result of the balancing adjustment to reduce the drag by the rider. Causing a hydroplane movement across the
On 5, return to the turn super-equal dyne area 36 and then repeat the above cycle again.

The extension of the containerless ramp 1 in the form of a fluid half-pipe provides the user with a consistent environment for performing known surfing and hydroplane operations. The combination of upward flow, horizontal flow and downward flow creates a unique environment that allows for new movements that are not possible in the context of existing waves. The width (measured in the direction of the supercritical flow 8) of the containerless ramp 1 in the form of a fluid half-pipe is preferably constant over its length. However, it is also possible to change the width so that the channel cross section changes. The maximum and minimum width limits are determined by the ability of the person to perform the hydroplane. If the width is insufficient, the rider must
To the down ramp 55 or vice versa. Conversely, if it is too wide, the rider will go down
And cannot utilize it, nor can it perform a fluid half-pipe hydroplane operation. The width has a functional relationship with the vertical rise from the sub-equal dyne area 35 to the downstream raised edge. The preferred ratio of height to width is 1 to 5, at least 1 to 2 is required, and a maximum of 1 to 10 is allowed.

The preferred implementation for a single, half-pipe, containerless ramp 1 requires a minimum length of sufficient width to carry out hydroplane operations on it and a maximum of Depends on your wishes and budget. A preferred embodiment for the cross-sectional shape of the sub-equal dyne area 35 and the inclined sliding surface 3 is already shown in FIG. It should be noted that the design of the super-equal dyne area 36 allows the water to flow properly over and beyond the downstream raised edge 4. Excessive slope or height beyond the working dynamics of the supercritical flow 8 will cause spills or flow tunnels to be mistimed and positioned, completely impairing the supercritical flow 8 in the sub-equal dyne area 35. This can cause excessive accumulation of disturbed cloudy water. Skilled riders, however, prefer a steep supercritical region 36 that approaches or exceeds vertical to maximize speed and perform certain actions, such as aerial. Thus, the overflow or tunnel wave is directed to the adjacent area when it is formed, and the half located at the center downstream of the containerless inclined portion 1 has a cross section substantially similar to that shown in FIG. And the central half located upstream has a cross-section that is substantially symmetrical to that of FIG. 25, except for the modifications discussed therein.

Regarding the cross-sectional profile, FIG. 47 shows a standard form of the containerless inclined portion 1 having a half-split pipe shape. In this standard configuration, the cross-section elevation in the longitudinal direction of the flow is kept constant for the half-pipe section. FIG. 48 shows an asymmetric shape, in which case the downstream raised edge 4 and the upstream edge 5 remain constant and the width between the respective edges 4 and 5 is constant. However, the distance between the corresponding edges 4 and 5 and the sub-equal dyne area 35 continues to increase at a constant head. The purpose of this particular asymmetric embodiment is to increase the throughput capability of this half-pipe configuration by increasing the vector component of gravity due to the rider's weight in the direction of the head.

In general, the height of the upstream edge 5 exceeds the streamline position on the downstream ridge 4. Due to this height difference, the supercritical flow 8 has sufficient dynamic head to overcome the internal and external friction that emerges in the circuit with down, traverse, up and over portions of the containerless ramp 1. Is guaranteed. The preferred ratio in which the upstream edge 5 exceeds the downstream ridge 4 in elevation is 2: 1, with 9: 1 minimum and 10: 1 maximum outside. It is also desirable that the corresponding upstream edge 5 and downstream raised edge 4 maintain a constant height along the flow of the half pipe. It is possible to vary the height, but the dynamics of the water in the source pool 57, the dynamics of the water in the receiving pool 58 and the maintenance of the dynamic head of the streamlines must be taken into account in this case.

[0131] Changes in the width and length movements of the water flowing over the halved pipe can result in increased rider throughput capacity. FIG. 49 illustrates a half-pipe containerless inclined section 1 having a branch dam 59. The supercritical flow 8a exists over half of the containerless ramp 1. The supply pool 57 for supplying the supercritical flow 8a is limited by a dam 59a so as to be exactly の of the containerless inclined portion 5. The riders 10a, 10b, 10c and 10d enter the flow at an appropriate point, for example a sub-dyne area 35, on which they perform a hydroplane. After a certain time,
For example, after a few minutes, dam 59b blocks supercritical flow 8a. At this time, the water is
a, 10b, 10c and 10d can easily come out of the water. Simultaneously with or immediately after the block of the dam 59b, the dam 59a opens and the supercritical flow 8b flows out. Riders 10e, 10f and 10g enter the flow and begin hydroplane operations for their allotted time,
At this time, the position of the dam 59a is changed, and the cycle is repeated again.

Modifications to the container-less ramp 1, which is generally half-pipe, can be implemented using the principles described above, for example, using a traveling wave width or a pressurized flow emanating on a descending ramp 55. Have been devised according to the above description of the containerless ramp 1. <Supplementary Functions> Some peripheral features for the containerless ramp 1 include: (1) an entry slide system; (2) an entry traction system; (3) an attached vehicle; ) Fence partitions; and (5) connected auxiliary attractions.

The entry system for the containerless ramp 1 is the key to maximizing throughput capacity.
Until now, the only entry system described for the containerless ramp 1 was the departure platform 33 as quoted in FIGS. The departure platform 33 is located adjacent to the containerless ramp 1 and its horizontal platform floor is
At approximately the same height as the portion with the slope. An alternative method for entering the containerless ramp 1 is shown in FIG. The slides 61a, 61b and 61c are provided in the sub-equal dyne areas 3 of the containerless inclined portion 1, respectively.
5, the equilibrium zone 38 and the position adjacent to the equilibrium zone 38. The rider 10 slides down the slide 61 to reach the supercritical flow 8, and then the rider 10 performs a water gliding operation. It is desirable that a small amount of water 62 be lubricated on the slide 61 to lubricate the slide to minimize disturbance of the stream 8. As an alternative to the above, a discharge grid 63 for discharging excess slide lubricating water 62 can be provided. The slide 61 can be provided anywhere along the edge 6 or the ridge 4, but the preferred location is the position shown in FIG. To maximize the ease with which the rider 10 moves from the slide 61 to the containerless ramp 1, the height of the slide 61 and the final trajectory should be such that the rider 10 is at the level of the supercritical flow 8 and at the plane of the flow. It is desirable that consideration is given so that the vehicle can enter substantially in parallel. The slide 61 can be operated using fiberglass, concrete, foam covered with concrete, reinforced fabric, metal or any other structurally stable smooth surface suitable for the intended purpose. . The slide 61 can be designed so that a plurality of riders can use it at the same time.

Another type of entry system for the containerless ramp 1 uses a towline. FIG. 51 is a plan view of the containerless inclined portion 1 in which the supercritical flow 8 is formed in the form of a stationary tunnel wave with no broken shoulder. A controllable towline drive 64 moves in the direction of 65 and a towline 66 connected to a vehicle 67 in which riders 10a, 10b, 10c and 10d sit.
Pull. Rider 1 enters supercritical flow 8
0 can exert a control action on their own position by performing a water gliding operation. The controllable towline drive 64 preferably moves at a low speed of 0.5 to 2 meters per second. Position 68
At each point in time, as indicated by a, 68b, 68c, 68d and 68e, the towline drive 64 includes a towline rope 66, a ride vehicle 67 and riders 10a, 10a.
b, 10c and 10d are pulled from the start area 69 to the exit area 70. The controllable towline drive 64 allows the rider 1 to operate on a waveform such as a tube.
It is desirable to be able to freely move in and out to bring the 0 and the vehicle 67 to the optimum position. When the rider 10 and the vehicle 67 are pulled into the supercritical stream 8, the towline 66 is released and the rider 10 can be disconnected from the towline to perform a hydroplane operation. It is.

An alternative towline system is shown in FIG. 52, where the vehicle 67 is connected by a tether 71
It is connected to a pinion 72 attached to the sliding surface 3 of the containerless inclined portion 1. At the end of the flow, the participants walk on the slide surface 3 without water and ride on each vehicle. When the supercritical flow 8 starts again, as shown in FIG. 52, the rider can perform the hydroplane operation for the allotted time, after which the flow 8 calms down, the rider 10 climbs off the sliding surface, and the cycle renews. Repeated.

At the same time as restricting the rider 10 from entering a specific area, the supercritical flow 8, cloudy water 25 or
The containerless ramp 1 has a flow fence 7 as shown in FIG.
3 is used. In this way, the flow fence 73 does not block the water, but merely restricts the rider 10 to slide within the area bounded by the functional lateral boundaries of the supercritical flow 8. Preferably, the flow fence 73 comprises parallel or connected rails.
If there is more than one rail, it is necessary to provide sufficient spacing so that the rider does not get caught in his or her hands or feet. Padded rope, metal, wood, fiberglass or other non-abrasive padded material is suitable for making the flow fence 73. The flow fence is preferably held in a cantilever manner over the water flow, but a drive fence post with minimal drag may be provided. The flow fence 73 may also have a role of a dividing mechanism for setting three lanes on the slide surface 3 in order to prevent a rider from touching.

Auxiliary attractions or structures can be connected to the containerless ramp 1 to take advantage of the kinetic energy of the water provided to or coming out of the containerless ramp 1. When connecting to the upstream side, FIG.
Containerless inclined part 1 connected to the water discharge channel 74 of No. 5
Is shown. Such a connection results in a source pool 57 with the lowest water operating costs for the containerless ramp 1 and an energy distribution / downstream erosion control system for the dam operator. Erosion control is provided by the containerless ramp 1 which disperses the kinetic energy of the spillway 74 before it hits the fragile bed further downstream.

By connecting the water discharge passage 74 of the containerless inclined section 1 to another series of half-split pipes, the residual kinetic energy of the supercritical flow 8 or the water 11 flowing out of the containerless apparatus 1 is reduced as shown in FIG. As shown in Fig. 5, it is also possible to perform a cogeneration function by supplying water to the following containerless ramp. Figure 56
Indicates a case where the water discharge passage 74 of the containerless inclined portion 1 is connected to the cloudy water river course 76.

It is pointed out that similar flow characteristics can be achieved for aesthetic purposes such as fountains or other water images in connection with the above invention. As one example, FIGS.
The shapes shown and described in connection with FIGS. 33 and 34, 35 and 36 can be used to create an attractive fountain. As noted above, these shape and flow parameters can be varied to create various waves or water shapes as the streams separate. In addition, by randomly changing the flow parameters for the corrugations or shapes as shown in FIGS. 18, 20 and 22 and FIG.
It is possible to create attractive variable fountains. This feature will enhance the splendor and interest created by the non-static fountain.

In particular, a fountain created in accordance with the principles of the present invention may utilize the containerless ramp configuration described in particular with reference to FIGS. In addition, a ramp 55 (FIG. 45) and a halved pipe structure (FIG. 46) that tilt downstream can also be used to create a unique fountain shape. Also, the traveling wave width embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 40 and 43, provides an advantageous structure for creating similar water fountain shapes.

Certain changes and modifications deemed possible by those skilled in the art can be made without departing from the spirit or intention of the present invention. For example, the ratios described need not be geometrically accurate, but approximate values are sufficient. The same is true for angles, radii and ratios. Although the temperature at which surfers / riders are comfortable is quite limited, the temperature and density of the water may show some differences.

The terms and expressions used in the above specification are used as terms for description, and are not intended to be limiting. Further, in using such terms and expressions, there is no intention to exclude the equivalents or parts thereof shown or described, and the scope of the invention is limited and limited only by the claims described below. I do.

[0143]

As described above, according to the present invention, a water flowing device such as a fountain or a water image can be realized by utilizing the characteristic flow characteristics of the present device.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 illustrates a containerless ramp of the present invention.

FIG. 2 shows a simple containerless ramp during operation.

FIG. 3 illustrates a containerless ramp in combination with a water recirculation system.

FIG. 4 illustrates a containerless ramp used to power runoff water or a vortex pool on a loop with runoff water.

FIG. 5 shows a side view of FIG.

FIG. 6 is a front view of a containerless slope that does not require a water storage pool.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view of the inclined portion shown in FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an inclined portion shown in FIG. 6;

FIG. 9 shows a simulated cloudy water bore wave on a containerless ramp.

FIG. 10 shows a spillover wave with simulated unshattered shoulders on a containerless ramp.

FIG. 11 illustrates an asymmetric nozzle configuration capable of producing a flow exhibiting hydrostatic tilt.

FIG. 12 shows the asymmetric nozzle of FIG. 7 in operation simulating an overflow wave with an unbreakable shoulder.

FIG. 13 illustrates a simulation of overflow waves with a uniform aperture having a differential internal flow core pressure.

FIG. 14 is an asymmetrically extended containerless ramp that simulates an overflow wave with unbreakable shoulders.

FIG. 15 shows the self-removed inclined surface in the order of lapse of time.
One of the two profiles.

FIG. 16 shows a self-removed inclined surface in order of lapse of time.
One of the two profiles.

FIG. 17 shows a self-removed inclined surface in order of time.
One of the two profiles.

FIG. 18 is a plan view showing the operation of a differential head used to increase the throughput capability.

FIG. 19 is a side view thereof.

FIG. 20 is a plan view showing the operation of another differential head used to increase the throughput capability.

FIG. 21 is a side view thereof.

FIG. 22 is a plan view showing the operation of still another differential head used to increase the throughput capability.

FIG. 23 is a side view thereof.

FIG. 24 shows an extended containerless ramp with a sub-equal dyne area.

FIG. 25 is a sectional view of the same.

FIG. 26 illustrates the rider in the acceleration process during the turn as a result of the extended containerless ramp.

FIG. 27 shows a tilted containerless ramp to enhance capacity.

FIG. 28 shows a tilted containerless ramp during operation.

FIG. 29 is a preferred implementation for a three-dimensional contoured containerless sloped surface that creates a water body that simulates the type of wave desired by intermediate to advanced wave riders, ie, a tunnel wave with an unbreakable riding shoulder. Shows example terrain contours.

FIG. 30 shows the profile of FIG. 29.

FIG. 31 shows a streamline trajectory on a containerless ramp simulating a tunnel wave with an unbreakable yet rideable shoulder.

FIG. 32 shows a topographical view of a containerless ramp with a minimum bend that allows for tunnel wave formation.

FIG. 33 shows a cross-sectional view of a containerless ramp that allows for isomorphous tunnel waves.

FIG. 34 depicts three profiles of a containerless ramp undergoing a wave conversion process.

FIG. 35 depicts three profiles of a containerless ramp undergoing a wave conversion process.

FIG. 36 depicts three profiles of a containerless ramp undergoing a wave conversion process.

FIG. 37 depicts a wave conversion process with a rider.

FIG. 38 depicts a wave conversion process involving a rider.

FIG. 39 depicts a wave conversion process with a rider.

FIG. 40 shows traveling wave width on a containerless ramp.

FIG. 41 shows traveling wave width on a containerless ramp.

FIG. 42 shows the traveling wave width on a containerless ramp.

FIG. 43 shows multiple traveling wave widths on a containerless ramp simulating various wave types.

FIG. 44 depicts a flexible sliding surface on a containerless ramp capable of peristaltic movement.

FIG. 45 illustrates proper positioning of a water flow source to minimize oblique wave formation.

FIG. 46 shows a profile of a new embodiment for a water sports-fluid split pipe.

FIG. 47 shows an elevation view of a typical fluid half-pipe.

FIG. 48 shows an elevational view of a fluid half pipe with a flow forming bottom modified to aid capacity and rider throughput.

FIG. 49 illustrates an improved profile of a fluid breaker pipe that helps increase throughput capacity.

FIG. 50 shows a slide system to a containerless ramp.

FIG. 51 depicts a tether loading system for a containerless ramp.

FIG. 52 shows a surfing vehicle connected by a tether line to a pinion mounted on a sliding surface.

FIG. 53 shows a flow fence.

FIG. 54 shows a containerless ramp connected to a dam drain.

FIG. 55 illustrates an interconnected multiple containerless ramp half-pipe.

FIG. 56 illustrates a containerless ramp to supply shoulder overflow water to a connected cloudy river course and vortex pool.

[Explanation of symbols]

 3 Sliding surface (slope surface) 7 Water source 8 Sheet water flow 17 Nozzle

Claims (16)

[Claims] 1. A water source, a flowing water inclined surface disposed adjacent to the water source and not substantially closed by side walls on both sides, and has a relatively uniform thickness flowing upward on the inclined surface.
And a sheet-like water flow along the inclined surface so as to form an independent flow on the inclined surface. 2. The inclined surface has an upper end and a lower end, and the water flow is introduced onto the inclined surface in a portion close to the lower end and flows over the upstream end. The water flushing device according to claim 1, wherein the water flowing upward. 3. The water flowing device according to claim 2, wherein the inclined surface has a concave semi-cylindrical curved surface that opens upward. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a nozzle for supplying the sheet-like water flow on the inclined surface, wherein a flow parameter of the nozzle is changed over time so as to form a time-varying flowing effect on the inclined surface. 4. The flush device according to claim 3, which is varied. 5. The flushing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least two separate and independent streams are discharged upwards at said inclined surface, each of said streams forming a flushing effect on said inclined surface. 6. The wave-forming structure is disposed on the inclined surface, the wave-forming structure has a substantially concave curved surface, and the sheet-like water flow forms an overflow wave. The flushing device of claim 1, wherein the water flows over the wave forming structure. 7. The water flowing device according to claim 6, wherein the wave forming structure has horizontal and vertical curved surfaces. 8. The velocity of the running water is such that the velocity of the flowing water is such that it can flow above the wave-forming structure, and due to gravity the flow forms a downward arc forming a curling wave or overflow. And returning substantially above itself.
The water flowing device according to claim 1. 9. The sloping surface has a lower part, an intermediate part, and an upper part, and the flowing water is introduced into the lower part, flows through the intermediate part, and flows through the upper part. 2. The water flowing device according to 1. 10. The flush according to claim 1, wherein said sheet-like water stream has a relatively uniform thickness substantially along said slope to form an independent flow on said slope. apparatus. 11. The water flowing device according to claim 1, wherein the inclined surface has a concave semi-cylindrical curved surface opened upward. 12. A nozzle for supplying the sheet-like water flow on the inclined surface, wherein a flow parameter of the nozzle is changed over time to form a time-varying flow effect. The flowing water device according to claim 1. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least two separate and independent streams are discharged upwards on said ramp, said streams cooperating to create an overall aesthetic flushing effect on said ramp. The flushing device as described. 14. The sloping portion of the sloping surface forms a structure for forming a wave, and the sheet-like water flow flows through the structure for forming a wave, and flows backward so as to form a curling wave or an overflow wave. The flushing device of claim 1, wherein the flushing device forms an arc and returns on itself. 15. A curved surface formed to support water flowing thereon, and a sheet-like flowing water flowing in a predetermined direction on the curved surface, wherein the curved surface is substantially in the direction of the flowing water. Having an upwardly open concave semi-cylindrical shape with intersecting axes,
Water flowing equipment. 16. The curved surface has a substantially upwardly inclined portion and a substantially downwardly inclined portion, and the flowing water first flows along a downwardly inclined portion of the curved surface, The flushing device according to claim 15, wherein the flowing water flows along a portion inclined upwardly of the curved surface.