JPH0990434A - Perpendicularly oriented twisted nematic liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a liquid crystal display device which is colorless in background colors, is bright, has excellent visibility and makes a high contrast, high visual field angle and high response speed possible. SOLUTION: This liquid crystal display device has a pair of substrates 1, 2 which are formed successively with transparent electrodes and oriented films on their surfaces and are arranged by providing a spacing so as to dispose the oriented films opposite to each other, liquid crystals which fill the spacing, two sheets of polarizing plates which hold a pair of the substrates and a driving circuit which impresses voltages between the electrodes. The angles of the liquid crystal molecules on the substrates are quasi-perpendicularly oriented from 90 deg. to 45 deg. and the azimuth angle is set at 90 deg. with the azimuth of the molecules on another substrate. The liquid crystals are formed of chiral nematic liquid crystals which are formed by adding chiral materials so as to attain the chiral pitch of 4 times the cell thickness or above and have negative dielectric anisotropy. The transmission axis of the one polarizing plate is arranged in a direction substantially parallel or perpendicular with or to the azimuth of the molecules on the substrate and the transmission axis of the other polarizing plate is arranged substantially parallel or perpendicular with or to the transmission axis of the one polarizing plate.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device, and more particularly to a liquid crystal display device in which the optical rotatory function of liquid crystal molecules is controlled by voltage.

[0002]

BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, a liquid crystal display device using an electro-optic effect has a DSM cell utilizing a dynamic scattering effect, a guest host cell using a dye, and a T having a twisted nematic structure.
There are N cells, SBE (super birefringence effect) cells, STN (super twisted nematic) cells and the like. Among them, the most commonly used liquid crystal display device is based on the Schott and Helfrich effect using nematic liquid crystal exhibiting positive dielectric anisotropy, and has a twisted nematic structure. An OCB (Optically Compensated Bend Alignment) cell having a wide viewing angle has also been proposed as a system close to practical use recently (Miyashita et al., Eurodisplay '93 digest, pages 149-52).

Among liquid crystal materials having a negative dielectric anisotropy, ECB type liquid crystal display devices using an electrically controlled birefringence effect are generally known. The deformation of the nematic layer having a negative dielectric anisotropy in the electric field effectively changes the birefringence to utilize the change in the transmittance. SH (super homeotropic: Yamauchi et al., S-Id'89 digest, 378-381) is the one that adds a new orientation control using an optical compensator.
Page) method.

In these systems, a display device using a positive dielectric constant has a problem of a narrow viewing angle and an insufficient response speed, and an ECB type liquid crystal display device using a negative dielectric anisotropy also responds. There are problems such as slow point, poor steepness, and high threshold voltage.

[0005]

Recently, the STN cell described above has begun to be widely used as an information terminal such as a personal computer and enables a high-definition screen of a large cell. However, the viewing angle dependency and the response speed are insufficient. Has been pointed out. Due to the uniformity of cell thickness, there are also problems in the production process such as polishing of glass substrates. Further, the active matrix type cell in which a switch is provided for each pixel is considered as a display device of a color personal computer in the future, and its response speed has been considerably improved. However, the large viewing angle dependence peculiar to TN has not been sufficiently solved. Recently, an OCB (Optically Compensated Bend Alignment) cell has been proposed as a method close to practical use. This is a splay alignment in the initial alignment, and in order to stably perform bend alignment, it is necessary to first apply a high voltage for a certain period of time to transfer to bend alignment, which is a problem of alignment technology.

As a method of using a liquid crystal material having a negative dielectric anisotropy, there is the above-mentioned ECB type liquid crystal display device and an SH cell using an optical compensation plate. The former has a problem that the response speed is slow, the steepness is poor, and the voltage is high, and the latter has a problem that the black-and-white display is possible and the viewing angle dependency is good, but the response speed is slow. The present invention has been made in order to address such a problem of the prior art, by combining with a phase compensation plate or the like, the background color is achromatic and bright and excellent in visibility, high contrast, high viewing angle, It is an object of the present invention to provide a liquid crystal display device capable of high speed response.

[0007]

The constitution of the present invention will be described below. (1) A pair of substrates in which a transparent electrode and an alignment film are sequentially formed on a surface and a gap is provided so that the alignment films face each other, a liquid crystal filling the gap, and two polarizing plates sandwiching the pair of substrates. And a liquid crystal display device having a driving circuit for applying a voltage between the electrodes, liquid crystal molecules on the substrate are quasi-vertically oriented at an angle from the substrate of 90 ° to 45 °, preferably 90 °. To quasi-vertical orientation from 70 degrees to 90 degrees with respect to the azimuth of molecules on the other substrate, and the liquid crystal has a cell thickness of 4 times or more of the cell thickness. It is a chiral nematic liquid crystal with negative dielectric anisotropy in which a chiral substance is added to have a chiral pitch, and the transmission axis of one polarizing plate is in a direction substantially parallel or perpendicular to the azimuth angle of molecules on the substrate. To place,
A liquid crystal display device, wherein the transmission axis of the other polarizing plate is substantially parallel or perpendicular to the transmission axis of the one polarizing plate.

(2) A pair of substrates in which a transparent electrode and an alignment film are sequentially formed on the surface and a gap is provided so that the alignment films face each other; a liquid crystal filling the gap; and two substrates sandwiching the pair of substrates. In a liquid crystal display device having a polarizing plate and a drive circuit for applying a voltage between the electrodes, liquid crystal molecules on the substrate are quasi-vertically aligned at an angle from the substrate of 90 degrees to 45 degrees. Has a quasi-vertical orientation of 90 to 70 degrees, has means for generating a large number of domains in which the azimuths of molecules on the substrate are random, and the liquid crystal has a chiral pitch of 4 times the cell thickness or more. A liquid crystal display device characterized in that it is a chiral nematic liquid crystal having a negative dielectric constant anisotropy in which a chiral substance is added so that the transmission axes of the two polarizing plates are substantially perpendicular to each other.

(3) The liquid crystal material used is a liquid crystal composition having a negative dielectric constant and is composed of at least three kinds of components, and at least two kinds of the components are selected from the formulas 1 to 5. The liquid crystal display device according to (1) above, which is a compound comprising a structural portion.

Embedded image (4) The liquid crystal material used is a liquid crystal composition having a negative dielectric constant, and is composed of at least three kinds of components,
The liquid crystal display device according to (2) above, wherein the at least two kinds of components are compounds consisting of structural moieties selected from formulas 1 to 5.

(5) In order to fix the azimuth angle of the liquid crystal molecules from the vertical direction of the substrate, an oblique vapor deposition film of SiOx or a polymer film, or a polysilane-based coating and one that is rubbed after coating is used. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of (1) and (3) above, wherein the liquid crystal display device is combined and aligned.

(6) The means for generating a large number of domains in which the azimuths of the molecules on the substrate are random comprises a transparent electrode or a polysilane compound film formed on a polymer film. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of 2) and (4).

(7) An optical compensation plate having optical anisotropy is arranged between the polarizing plate and the substrate, which is the above (1).
Liquid crystal display device of (6).

In the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, the liquid crystal molecules are twisted by 90 degrees so that optical rotatory power is generated when a voltage is applied, and the light transmittance is controlled by the voltage.
Specifically, it shows the electro-optical effect described below.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, vertical alignment or quasi-vertical alignment tilted from the substrate by about 90 to 45 degrees is performed. Desirably, it is inclined from 90 degrees to 70 degrees. The upper and lower substrates are arranged at an angle of 90 degrees. A cell is manufactured by sandwiching a liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy between the substrates.

When no voltage is applied, when the polarizing plates are made orthogonal to each other above and below the substrate, no light is transmitted and a "dark state" is established. As can be seen from FIG. 2, since the tilt angle θ of the liquid crystal molecules is nearly vertical, the incident light is almost affected only by the normal light refractive index of the liquid crystal. As a result, the light that has been linearly polarized by the polarizer passes through the liquid crystal region while maintaining its polarization state, and is absorbed by the analyzer. Therefore, a "dark state", that is, a black level can be obtained when no voltage is applied. When a voltage of a certain magnitude or more is applied to the liquid crystal material with negative dielectric anisotropy between the substrates at the time of voltage application, a torque acts so that the direction of the liquid crystal molecular long axis becomes perpendicular to the electric field and the alignment axis A twist of 90 degrees is generated along the optical axis, and the optical rotatory power appears, allowing light to pass therethrough, resulting in a "bright state". When the polarizing plates are parallel, the opposite state occurs. When a voltage is applied, the "dark state" is produced. When no voltage is applied, the "bright state" is produced. FIG. 3 shows the orientation distribution of the cell when the substrate is arranged at 90 degrees, that is, the tilt angle θ and the twist angle φ. FIG. 4 shows the voltage-transmittance characteristics when the tilt angle was 80 ° and the cell thickness was 8 μm, and the wavelength of this cell was changed. The liquid crystal exhibits negative dielectric anisotropy.

In a cell having a pretilt angle slightly tilted from the vertical direction of the substrate, the pretilt angle is 80
FIG. 5 shows the simulation results of the voltage-transmittance characteristic when the angle is set to 40 degrees. It is shown that the threshold voltage can be lowered by increasing the pretilt angle, and that the contrast is lowered.
When the pretilt angle is 45 degrees or more, the contrast is 2 or more, and it is shown that the pretilt angle of 70 degrees or less is desirable to obtain sufficient contrast.

The method for providing the vertical alignment and the quasi-vertical alignment with a slight inclination from the vertical direction is the oblique vapor deposition method using SiO 2 or the like, the method applying a polysilane compound, or a combination thereof. To obtain a desired pretilt angle.

The orthorhombic vapor deposition method is a well known method of controlling liquid crystal molecules near the surface of a glass substrate by vapor depositing a vapor deposition substance on the surface of the glass substrate. The pretilt angle of liquid crystal molecules with respect to the substrate can be controlled by adjusting the vapor deposition angle from the normal to the glass surface. However, when the pretilt angle is large, it varies greatly with a slight difference in the vapor deposition angle.Therefore, the pretilt angle by oblique vapor deposition is made small, and the azimuth angle for quasi-vertical alignment is determined by combining with a vertical aligning agent. Is the preferred cell manufacturing method.

In order to obtain good display characteristics, if two polarizing plates are made orthogonal to each other in the case of perfect vertical alignment, the transmittance becomes 0 in principle when no voltage is applied and a good "dark state" is obtained. However, when the voltage is applied, the major axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules near the surface of the substrate is not fixed, and the twisted orientation controlled by the concentration of the chiral agent is obtained.
As described above, when the boundary condition of the azimuth angle on the substrate surface is ambiguous, a random orientation (so-called amorphous) with respect to the azimuth angle occurs on the substrate surface. In this way, when a cell was intentionally manufactured so that the azimuth of the molecular long axis on the surface of the substrate was not determined, and the polarizing plate was a crossed Nicol, the transmittance was 0 when no voltage was applied and the "dark state". Can be obtained. This is the same principle as when the azimuth angle is determined and the pretilt angle is applied. When a voltage is applied, the alignment state between the substrates is no different from the alignment state when it is not amorphous. The azimuth angles of the liquid crystal molecule major axes near the upper and lower substrates are distributed over the entire cell as random 90-degree twisted alignment. A conceptual diagram of this amorphous orientation between the upper and lower substrates is shown in FIG. By keeping the azimuth angle of the liquid crystal constant,
The simulation was performed by rotating the polarizer while keeping the arrangement of the polarizer and the analyzer orthogonal to each other and averaging the voltage and the transmittance characteristics. Figure 7 shows the voltage-transmittance characteristics based on the calculation results.
Shown in

As described above, the amorphous vertical alignment cell can be manufactured by oblique vapor deposition, but the cell can be manufactured only by coating a polymer film or polysilane. These show that it is oriented even without treatment such as rubbing,
It is possible to prevent contamination of dust on the surface of the substrate, which is a problem in rubbing, and influence of static electricity generated by rubbing on the drive circuit and generation of electric charges in the alignment film. It is possible to eliminate the adverse effect of these on the display characteristics of the liquid crystal cell.

Depending on the setting of the cell thickness and the pretilt angle, there is a concern that sufficient contrast may not be obtained and coloring may occur when a voltage is applied. However, the optimum cell thickness, the optimum refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal, and the polarizing plate. Considering the arrangement of, high contrast and achromatic color are possible. Further, by combining with the recently developed uniaxial and biaxial phase compensation plates, monochrome display capable of color display is possible. Further, by using another vertical twist nematic liquid crystal cell for phase compensation and setting the applied voltage to a desired value to reduce the wavelength dispersion, the achromatic color can be realized.

The liquid crystal material used is a liquid crystal composition having a negative dielectric constant and is composed of at least three kinds of components, and at least two kinds of the components are represented by the formulas 1 to 5:
It is a compound consisting of a structural portion selected from The compounds represented by the general formula (A)
It is represented by General formula (A): R1- (B1-X1) l- (B2-X2) m-A- (X
3-B3) n-R2

However, in this equation, R1 and R2
Are independent of one another and are alkyl or alkenyl having up to 10 carbon atoms, and in addition one or two non-adjacent CH2 groups are --O--, --COO--, --OC.
It may be substituted with O- or -C≡C-. B1, B2
And B3 are independent of each other, and optionally one or two CH groups may be substituted with nitrogen, and may be a fluorine-substituted 1,4-phenylene or 1,4 cyclohexylene ring in some cases. . X1, X2 and A
3 are independent of each other, and are -COO-, -OCO-,-
OCH2O-, -CH2O-, -CH2CH2-, -C
≡C- or a single bond, and -A- is represented by Formula 1 to Formula 5
Selected from the structural moieties of, l, m and n are independently 0 or 1 and l + m + n is 1, 2 or 3.

[0024]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following Examples, which should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Example 1 In FIG. 2, a vertical alignment film "ODS" manufactured by Chisso Co., Ltd. was used to align liquid crystal molecules on the substrate quasi-vertically with respect to the angle from the substrate.
-E "was spin coated. Such two substrates were combined and a gap material was adjusted so that the cell thickness was 9.5 μm. As the liquid crystal material, Composition Example 1 was injected between the substrates to prepare a vertically aligned twisted nematic liquid crystal display device. The arrangement of the upper and lower polarizing plates was such that the upper and lower polarizers were at 90 degrees. Composition example 1

Embedded image

The electro-optical characteristics of this cell were measured by transmission at an ambient temperature of 25 ° C., and the following results were obtained. Vα, β, γ
Represents the voltage (V) when the transmittance changes by α% at β degrees from the normal direction of the cell substrate and γ degrees clockwise from the azimuth direction of the liquid crystal molecules. V10, 0, 0 = 1.03, V90, 0, 0 = 1.5 V10,20, 0 = 0.99, V10,20,45 = 0.86, V10,20,315 = 0.93 V10,40, 0 = 1.00 The response speed rises when 5V is applied. The time Tr was 47 ms and the fall time Td was 39 ms.
The viewing angle dependency is shown in FIG.

The physical properties of Composition Example 1 were as follows:
NI = 63.3, η = 39.4, Δn = 0.074, n
o = 1.491, ne = 1.565, Δε = −5.4,
ε ‖ = 4.5, ε⊥ = 9.9. P = 38.5. However,
NI is the nematic-isotropic point (° C.), η is the viscosity (mPs / sec), Δn is the refractive index anisotropy, no is the refractive index for normal light, ne is the refractive index for extraordinary light, and Δε is the dielectric constant. Ε‖ is the dielectric constant in the major axis direction, ε⊥ is the dielectric constant in the uniaxial direction, and P is the chiral pitch (μm).

Example 2 In FIG. 2, in order to align liquid crystal molecules on the substrate quasi-vertically with respect to the angle from the substrate, a vertical alignment film "ODS" manufactured by Chisso Corporation.
-E "was spin coated. Such two substrates were combined, and a gap material was inserted to adjust the cell thickness to 10 μm. As the liquid crystal material, Composition Example 2 was injected between the substrates to prepare a vertically aligned twisted nematic liquid crystal display device. The arrangement of the upper and lower polarizing plates was such that the upper polarizer and the lower polarizer were parallel to each other. Composition Example 2

Embedded image

The electro-optical characteristics of this cell were measured by transmission at an ambient temperature of 25 ° C., and the following results were obtained. V10,0,0 = 3.2, V90,0,0 = 4.5

The physical properties of composition example 2 of the liquid crystal are NI = 57.
4, η = 47.0, Δn = 0.137, no = 1.65
5, ne = 1.518, Δε = −2.7, ε / = 5.
9, ε⊥ = 8.6, P = 48 μm.

Example 3 In FIG. 2, oblique vapor deposition of SiO was performed in order to orient the liquid crystal molecules on the substrate quasi-perpendicular to the angle from the substrate. Such two substrates were combined and a gap material was adjusted so that the cell thickness was 9.5 μm. As the liquid crystal material, Composition Example 3 was injected between the substrates to prepare a vertically aligned twisted nematic liquid crystal display device. The arrangement of the upper and lower polarizing plates was such that the upper and lower polarizers were at 90 degrees. The electro-optical characteristics of this cell were measured by transmission at an ambient temperature of 25 degrees, and the following results were obtained. V10,0,0 = 3.1, V90,0,0 = 4.3

The physical properties of Composition Example 3 are NI = 70.6, η
= 24.4, Δn = 0.0847, no = 1.484
7, ne = 1.5694, Δε = −2.8, ε / = 3.
8, ε⊥ = 6.6, P = 40. Composition Example 3

Embedded image

Example 4 In FIG. 2, in order to align liquid crystal molecules on the substrate quasi-vertically with respect to the angle from the substrate, a vertical alignment film "ODS" manufactured by Chisso Corporation.
-E "was spin-coated and lightly rubbed. Such two substrates were combined so as to be orthogonal to each other, and a gap material was inserted so as to adjust the cell thickness to 9.5 μm. As the liquid crystal material, Composition Example 4 was injected between the substrates to prepare a vertically aligned twisted nematic liquid crystal display device. Regarding the arrangement of the upper and lower polarizing plates, the upper polarizer and the lower polarizer were arranged according to the azimuth angle of the liquid crystal molecules. The electro-optical characteristics of this cell were measured by transmission at an ambient temperature of 25 degrees, and the following results were obtained. V10, 0, 0 = 1.62, V90, 0, 0 = 2.36 V10, 20, 0 = 1.39, V10, 20, 45 = 1.57, V10, 20, 90 = 1.23 V10, 40, 0 = 1.14

The liquid crystal physical properties of Composition Example 4 were NI = 87.
0, η = 31.5, Δn = 0.1225, no = 1.4
958, ne = 1.6183, Δε = −1.4, ε∥ =
4.8, ε⊥ = 6.2 and P = 42. Composition Example 4

[Chemical 6] The viewing angle dependence is shown in FIG.

Therefore, it is understood that in the above-described embodiment of the present invention, a liquid crystal display device having a wide viewing angle and a high response speed can be manufactured. In addition, one or two phase compensators can be used between the two polarizing plates in order to display a bright background with an achromatic color and excellent visibility. Further, although the electro-optical measurement by transmission is performed in the examples, the vertical alignment twist nematic liquid crystal display device can achieve the same effect even if it is a transmission type by disposing the reflection plate outside one polarizing plate. .

[0036]

As described above, according to the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, by combining with the phase compensating plate or the like,
High contrast with achromatic background color that can be colored
A liquid crystal display device that enables a wide viewing angle can be provided.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a liquid crystal cell.

FIG. 2 shows a conceptual diagram of a vertically aligned twisted nematic cell. In this figure, θ0 Tilt angle from the substrate β1 Angle between the transmission axis of the lower polarizing plate and the azimuth of the liquid crystal molecule (°) β2 Angle between the transmission axis of the upper polarizing plate and the azimuth of the liquid crystal molecule (degree) .

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a change in orientation of liquid crystal molecules when a voltage is applied. In this figure, Z represents the position in the thickness direction of the liquid crystal cell (μm), θ represents the tilt angle of liquid crystal molecules (°), and represents the twist angle (°) of the liquid crystal molecules in a plane parallel to the substrate.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a voltage-transmittance characteristic when a wavelength is changed when θ0 = 80 degrees and d = 8 μm.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a relationship between a pretilt angle and a voltage-transmittance characteristic at λ = 633 nm.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the concept of the alignment state of liquid crystal molecules in an amorphous alignment cell when no voltage is applied and when a voltage is applied.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing calculated values of voltage-transmittance characteristics of an amorphous alignment cell when λ = 633 nm, θ0 = 80 degrees, and d = 8 μm.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing each viewing angle dependency of the first embodiment. The axis from the center to the outside indicates the threshold voltage, and 0 to 315 indicate the angle γ (degree) swung clockwise from the specific azimuth direction.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing respective viewing angle dependences of Example 4; The axis from the center to the outside indicates the threshold voltage, and 0 to 315 indicate the angle γ (degree) swung clockwise from the specific azimuth direction.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1, 10 Polarizing plate 2, 9 Glass substrate 3, 8 Transparent electrode 4, 7 Alignment layer 5 Liquid crystal layer 6 Sealant

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A pair of substrates in which a transparent electrode and an alignment film are sequentially formed on a surface, and a gap is provided so that the alignment films face each other, a liquid crystal filling the gap, and two sheets sandwiching the pair of substrates. In a liquid crystal display device having a polarizing plate and a drive circuit for applying a voltage between electrodes, liquid crystal molecules on a substrate are quasi-vertically aligned at an angle of 90 ° to 45 ° from the substrate. The azimuth angle of the molecules on the substrate is set to 90 degrees with respect to the azimuth angle of the molecules on the other substrate, and the liquid crystal has a negative chiral substance added so that the chiral pitch is four times the cell thickness or more. It should be a chiral nematic liquid crystal of dielectric anisotropy, the transmission axis of one polarizing plate should be arranged in a direction substantially parallel or perpendicular to the azimuth angle of the molecules on the substrate, and the transmission axis of the other polarizing plate should be one Substantially parallel or perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate The liquid crystal display device, characterized in that there. 2. A pair of substrates in which a transparent electrode and an alignment film are sequentially formed on a surface and a gap is provided so that the alignment films face each other, a liquid crystal filling the gap, and two sheets sandwiching the pair of substrates. In a liquid crystal display device having a driving circuit for applying a voltage between a polarizing plate and electrodes, liquid crystal molecules on the substrate are quasi-vertically aligned at an angle of 90 degrees to 45 degrees on the substrate. A means for generating a large number of domains in which the azimuths of the molecules are random, and the liquid crystal has a chiral substance with a chiral pitch of 4 times the cell thickness or more, and a chiral substance with a negative dielectric anisotropy. A liquid crystal display device characterized in that it is a nematic liquid crystal, and the transmission axes of two polarizing plates are substantially perpendicular to each other. 3. A liquid crystal material used is a liquid crystal composition having a negative dielectric constant, and is composed of at least three kinds of components, and at least two kinds of the components are represented by the formulas 1 to 5.
The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal display device is a compound including a structural portion selected from the group consisting of: Embedded image 4. The liquid crystal material used is a liquid crystal composition having a negative dielectric constant and is composed of at least three kinds of components, and at least two kinds of the components are represented by formulas 1 to 5.
The liquid crystal display device according to claim 2, wherein the liquid crystal display device is a compound including a structural portion selected from the group consisting of: 5. In order to fix the azimuth angle of the liquid crystal molecules from the vertical direction of the substrate, an SiOx oblique vapor deposition film or a polymer film or a polysilane compound is applied and rubbed after the application. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 1 and 3, wherein the liquid crystal display device and the liquid crystal display device are aligned. 6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the means for generating a large number of domains in which the azimuth angle of the liquid crystal molecules on the substrate is random comprises a polysilane compound formed on the transparent electrode or the polymer film. 4. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of 4 above. 7. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein an optical compensating plate having optical anisotropy is arranged between the polarizing plate and the substrate.