JPH09512757A - 複合研磨材 - Google Patents
複合研磨材Info
- Publication number
- JPH09512757A JPH09512757A JP8510861A JP51086195A JPH09512757A JP H09512757 A JPH09512757 A JP H09512757A JP 8510861 A JP8510861 A JP 8510861A JP 51086195 A JP51086195 A JP 51086195A JP H09512757 A JPH09512757 A JP H09512757A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- abrasive
- composite
- abrasive grains
- grit
- sol
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanamide Chemical compound NC#N XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003270 Cymel® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001756 Polyvinyl chloride acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920013624 Tylac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 description 1
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- FKTOIHSPIPYAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Sm+3].[Sm+3] FKTOIHSPIPYAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/001—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as supporting member
- B24D3/002—Flexible supporting members, e.g. paper, woven, plastic materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
- B24D3/20—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially organic
- B24D3/28—Resins or natural or synthetic macromolecular compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D5/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor
- B24D5/06—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor with inserted abrasive blocks, e.g. segmental
- B24D5/08—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor with inserted abrasive blocks, e.g. segmental with reinforcing means
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
- Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Silicon Polymers (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1.ランダムな不織繊維ウェブと、有機ポリマーによってそのウェブに接着さ れた砥粒を含んでなり、その砥粒が、長手軸にそって実質的に均一な横断面形状 と少なくとも1.5:1のアスペクト比を有する研磨材の付形粒子であることを特 徴とする複合研磨材。 2.砥粒がゾルゲルアルミナを含んでなる請求項1に記載の複合研磨材。 3.ゾルゲルアルミナが、1μm未満のαアルミナ結晶サイズを有する請求項 2に記載の複合研磨材。 4.砥粒のグリットサイズが150グリット未満である請求項1に記載の複合研 磨材。 5.付形砥粒が、ほぼ円形の横断面形状を有する請求項1に記載の複合研磨材 。 6.アスペクト比が約2:1〜約6:1である請求項1に記載の複合研磨砥石 。 7.砥石の形状である請求項1に記載の複合研磨製品。 8.ポリウレタンのバインダーによって接着された150以下のグリットサイズ を有する種晶ゾルゲルアルミナ砥粒を含むランダムな不織繊維ウェブを含んでな り、その砥粒が、長手軸にそって均一な横断面形状と約2:1〜約6:1のアス ペクト比を有する付形粒子であることを特徴とする複合研磨砥石。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US310,172 | 1994-09-21 | ||
US08/310,172 | 1994-09-21 | ||
US08/310,172 US5556438A (en) | 1994-09-21 | 1994-09-21 | Composite abrasive products |
PCT/US1995/008556 WO1996009140A1 (en) | 1994-09-21 | 1995-07-07 | Composite abrasive products |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006013884A Division JP2006109850A (ja) | 1993-10-06 | 2006-01-23 | 増幅または欠失した染色体領域の検出 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH09512757A true JPH09512757A (ja) | 1997-12-22 |
JP2994467B2 JP2994467B2 (ja) | 1999-12-27 |
Family
ID=23201303
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP8510861A Ceased JP2994467B2 (ja) | 1994-09-21 | 1995-07-07 | 複合研磨材 |
Country Status (17)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5556438A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0782492B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2994467B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100292217B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1094410C (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE184822T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU688929B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR9508849A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2199961C (ja) |
CZ (1) | CZ291777B6 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69512425T2 (ja) |
FI (1) | FI108783B (ja) |
MX (1) | MX9702111A (ja) |
NZ (1) | NZ289727A (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2121427C1 (ja) |
TW (1) | TW299266B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1996009140A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004524173A (ja) * | 2001-02-21 | 2004-08-12 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 最適に配向された研磨粒子を有する研磨物品、およびその製造方法 |
JP2005230930A (ja) * | 2004-02-17 | 2005-09-02 | Three M Innovative Properties Co | 不織布研磨材及びその製造方法 |
Families Citing this family (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2240224C2 (ru) * | 2002-12-04 | 2004-11-20 | Коротков Александр Николаевич | Лепестковый круг |
RU2237570C1 (ru) * | 2003-01-24 | 2004-10-10 | Ульяновский государственный технический университет | Способ очистки засаленных абразивных кругов |
RU2267395C2 (ru) * | 2003-04-11 | 2006-01-10 | Александр Николаевич Коротков | Способ изготовления отрезных шлифовальных кругов |
RU2354534C2 (ru) * | 2007-06-18 | 2009-05-10 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Волгоградский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет (ВолгГАСУ) | Масса для изготовления абразивного инструмента |
RU2349446C1 (ru) * | 2007-07-30 | 2009-03-20 | Виталий Александрович Коротков | Способ изготовления шлифовальных кругов повышенной прочности на бакелитовой связке |
CN101745876B (zh) * | 2008-12-05 | 2013-07-17 | 贝达先进材料股份有限公司 | 具有研磨粒的抛光垫及其制造方法 |
EP2177318B1 (en) * | 2009-04-30 | 2014-03-26 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive article with improved grain retention and performance |
CN101913121B (zh) * | 2010-07-14 | 2012-06-20 | 华南理工大学 | 一种高耐磨的不织布抛光磨具的制备方法 |
TWI613285B (zh) | 2010-09-03 | 2018-02-01 | 聖高拜磨料有限公司 | 粘結的磨料物品及形成方法 |
EP2640553B1 (en) * | 2010-11-18 | 2019-04-17 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Convolute abrasive wheel and method of making the same |
US9581042B2 (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2017-02-28 | United Technologies Corporation | Composite article having metal-containing layer with phase-specific seed particles and method therefor |
JP2016501735A (ja) | 2012-12-31 | 2016-01-21 | サンーゴバン アブレイシブズ,インコーポレイティド | 結合研磨物品および研削方法 |
EP2938460B1 (en) | 2012-12-31 | 2018-08-15 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Method of grinding |
WO2014106159A1 (en) | 2012-12-31 | 2014-07-03 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Bonded abrasive article and method of grinding |
US9833877B2 (en) | 2013-03-31 | 2017-12-05 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Bonded abrasive article and method of grinding |
WO2014210160A1 (en) * | 2013-06-25 | 2014-12-31 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive article and method of making same |
EP3328586B1 (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2022-12-14 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive article having a core including a composite material |
WO2018057465A1 (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2018-03-29 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Nonwoven abrasive articles having electrostatically-oriented abrasive particles and methods of making same |
CN108177095A (zh) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-19 | 富耐克超硬材料股份有限公司 | 一种超硬磨料树脂结合剂磨具 |
CN110524441A (zh) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-12-03 | 陈祉序 | 一种弹性砂带及其制备方法以及打磨机器 |
CN116462490B (zh) * | 2023-04-27 | 2023-12-12 | 无锡成旸科技股份有限公司 | 一种高硬度氧化铝研磨粉及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4011063A (en) * | 1972-04-05 | 1977-03-08 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Low density abrasive utilizing isocyanurate resin |
US4078340A (en) * | 1973-12-07 | 1978-03-14 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Low density abrasive pad having different abrasive surfaces |
IE42010B1 (en) * | 1974-08-15 | 1980-05-21 | Edenvale Eng Works | Abrasive products |
US4227350A (en) * | 1977-11-02 | 1980-10-14 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Low-density abrasive product and method of making the same |
US4478611A (en) * | 1979-12-14 | 1984-10-23 | Hughes Tool Company | Method of making tungsten carbide grit |
US5139539A (en) * | 1981-12-15 | 1992-08-18 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Alumina bonded abrasive for cast iron |
US4623364A (en) * | 1984-03-23 | 1986-11-18 | Norton Company | Abrasive material and method for preparing the same |
CA1254238A (en) * | 1985-04-30 | 1989-05-16 | Alvin P. Gerk | Process for durable sol-gel produced alumina-based ceramics, abrasive grain and abrasive products |
JPS6352971A (ja) * | 1986-08-19 | 1988-03-07 | Daitoo:Kk | デイスク形研磨材の形成方法 |
JPH01115576A (ja) * | 1987-10-30 | 1989-05-08 | Sankyo Rikagaku Kk | ロール及びその製造方法 |
US4848041A (en) * | 1987-11-23 | 1989-07-18 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Abrasive grains in the shape of platelets |
US5009676A (en) * | 1989-04-28 | 1991-04-23 | Norton Company | Sintered sol gel alumina abrasive filaments |
JPH0343156A (ja) * | 1989-07-07 | 1991-02-25 | Tokyo Daiyamondo Kogu Seisakusho:Kk | 砥石の製造法 |
US5201916A (en) * | 1992-07-23 | 1993-04-13 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Shaped abrasive particles and method of making same |
US5549962A (en) * | 1993-06-30 | 1996-08-27 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Precisely shaped particles and method of making the same |
-
1994
- 1994-09-21 US US08/310,172 patent/US5556438A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-06-14 TW TW084106085A patent/TW299266B/zh active
- 1995-07-07 KR KR1019970701799A patent/KR100292217B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-07-07 MX MX9702111A patent/MX9702111A/es unknown
- 1995-07-07 CN CN95195107A patent/CN1094410C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-07-07 JP JP8510861A patent/JP2994467B2/ja not_active Ceased
- 1995-07-07 WO PCT/US1995/008556 patent/WO1996009140A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-07-07 CZ CZ1997636A patent/CZ291777B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-07-07 AT AT95925566T patent/ATE184822T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-07-07 EP EP95925566A patent/EP0782492B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1995-07-07 DE DE69512425T patent/DE69512425T2/de not_active Revoked
- 1995-07-07 CA CA002199961A patent/CA2199961C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-07-07 RU RU97106335A patent/RU2121427C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-07-07 BR BR9508849A patent/BR9508849A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-07-07 NZ NZ289727A patent/NZ289727A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-07-07 AU AU29657/95A patent/AU688929B2/en not_active Ceased
-
1997
- 1997-03-20 FI FI971174A patent/FI108783B/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004524173A (ja) * | 2001-02-21 | 2004-08-12 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 最適に配向された研磨粒子を有する研磨物品、およびその製造方法 |
JP2005230930A (ja) * | 2004-02-17 | 2005-09-02 | Three M Innovative Properties Co | 不織布研磨材及びその製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CZ291777B6 (cs) | 2003-05-14 |
NZ289727A (en) | 1997-07-27 |
ATE184822T1 (de) | 1999-10-15 |
CA2199961A1 (en) | 1996-03-28 |
WO1996009140A1 (en) | 1996-03-28 |
BR9508849A (pt) | 1999-05-04 |
AU2965795A (en) | 1996-04-09 |
CN1094410C (zh) | 2002-11-20 |
FI971174L (fi) | 1997-03-20 |
FI971174A0 (fi) | 1997-03-20 |
EP0782492A1 (en) | 1997-07-09 |
AU688929B2 (en) | 1998-03-19 |
TW299266B (ja) | 1997-03-01 |
CA2199961C (en) | 2000-05-16 |
MX9702111A (es) | 1997-06-28 |
CZ63697A3 (en) | 1997-11-12 |
JP2994467B2 (ja) | 1999-12-27 |
EP0782492B1 (en) | 1999-09-22 |
DE69512425D1 (de) | 1999-10-28 |
KR970706103A (ko) | 1997-11-03 |
US5556438A (en) | 1996-09-17 |
KR100292217B1 (ko) | 2001-10-27 |
RU2121427C1 (ru) | 1998-11-10 |
FI108783B (fi) | 2002-03-28 |
CN1158097A (zh) | 1997-08-27 |
DE69512425T2 (de) | 2000-02-17 |
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