JPH0941863A - Roller bit wear detector - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] [PROBLEMS] To accurately detect the wear state of a roller bit while excavating a tunnel. A semiconductor laser includes a roller bit.
The peripheral surface of the base metal 17 including the carbide tip 19 is irradiated with plane light. The CCD camera 23 photographs the bright line appearing on the base metal 17. The glass plate 24 is composed of the semiconductor laser 22 and C
Protect the CD camera 23 from rock powder. The nozzle 25 sprays water to blow off rock powder adhering to the glass plate 24 so that a clear image can be obtained by the CCD camera 23. In this way, by photographing the bright line representing the contour of the cross section of the base metal 17, it is possible to accurately detect the wear state of the roller bit 11 while excavating the tunnel based on the image of the contour line of the cross section of the base metal 17.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a roller bit wear detector used in a tunnel boring machine (TBM).

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, when excavating a tunnel in rock, a TBM as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 is used.
However, FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the TBM, and FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional view. The TBM is provided with a cutter head 2 at the frontmost end of the main beam 1, and the cutter head 2 excavates rock and advances.

A plurality of roller bits 4 are attached to the cutter head 2 in the circumferential direction, and a motor 5 and a gear 6 are provided.
It has a cutter flat plate 3 which is rotated by a driving device including the above. The roller bit 4 rolls in the circumferential direction on the surface of the rock bed by the rotation of the cutter flat plate 3, and the rock bed is crushed by the cemented carbide tip planted at the tip of the roller bit 4 at that time. The rock block thus crushed is conveyed backward by the belt conveyor 7. A support member 10 having the front gripper 8 and the rear gripper 9 is provided.
Supports the wall surface t of the tunnel T and also corrects the direction.

[0004]

However, the roller bit 4 in the conventional TBM has the following problems. That is, as described above, the roller bit 4 rolls on the surface of the bedrock in the circumferential direction and crushes the bedrock with the cemented carbide tip at the tip, but the hardness of the bedrock is not uniform, and the hard part and the soft part are soft. When parts and parts are mixed, the roller bit 4 itself often does not rotate. In that case, the roller bit 4 rotates in the circumferential direction together with the cutter flat plate 3 while sliding on the rock surface, and the entire cutter head 2 is pushed in the rock direction by the jack (not shown). The carbide tip at the tip is worn down. Therefore, it is necessary to check the degree of wear of the cemented carbide tip of the roller bit 4 and replace it when it is worn out more than a predetermined amount.

Conventionally, in order to check the degree of reduction of the carbide tip of the roller bit 4, it is general to stop the TBM on a regular basis and make a visual check. However, in this case, it is necessary to suspend the excavation of the tunnel, retract the TBM to secure a working space in the face, and then go out from the manhole to the face and make a visual determination. Therefore, there is a problem that the tunnel excavation work must be temporarily stopped and a problem that the inspector is forced to perform difficult work. In addition, the inspection frequency tends to be rough because of the time and effort involved in the inspection.If the rate of decrease of the cemented carbide tip is rapid due to the condition of the rock surface, the cemented carbide tip should be planted by the next inspection. There is also the problem that wear will progress to existing hubs.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a wear detecting device for a roller bit which can accurately detect the wear state of the roller bit while excavating a tunnel.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the invention according to claim 1 is installed in a recess provided in a roller bit mounting base of a tunnel boring machine and includes a cemented carbide tip. A laser oscillator that irradiates the peripheral surface of the roller bit in the radial direction of the roller bit,
It is characterized by comprising a camera for photographing a bright line appearing on the peripheral surface of the roller bit by a laser beam from the laser oscillator, and a monitor for displaying an image of the bright line photographed by the camera.

In the above structure, the roller bit rolls on the rock due to the rotation of the roller bit mounting base, and the rock is broken. Thus, when the tunnel is being excavated, the peripheral surface of the roller bit including the cemented carbide tip is irradiated by the laser light from the laser oscillator in the radial direction of the roller bit. Then, a bright line representing the contour of the cross section of the roller bit appears on the peripheral surface of the roller bit. The bright line appearing on the peripheral surface of the roller bit is photographed by the camera and displayed on the monitor. Thus, the wear of the roller bit is detected by displaying a bright line representing the contour of the cross section of the roller bit on the monitor.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the roller bit wear detecting device according to the first aspect of the invention, the laser oscillator emits plane light, and the plane direction of the plane light is extended. It is characterized in that the roller bit is irradiated in the axial direction of the roller bit.

With the above arrangement, since the laser oscillator irradiates the peripheral surface of the roller bit with the plane light in the axial direction, a bright line representing the contour of the cross section of the roller bit can be easily obtained.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the roller bit wear detector of the first aspect of the invention, the roller bit mounting base is a cutter plate, and the laser oscillator and the camera are the cutter plate. It is characterized in that it is installed in the outer peripheral area.

According to the above construction, the laser oscillator and the camera are installed only in the outer peripheral region of the cutter plate where the roller bit is easily worn, and unnecessary cost increase is suppressed.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the roller bit wear detecting device according to the first aspect of the invention, there is provided a transparent plate that closes the concave portion of the roller bit mounting base,
A fluid nozzle for ejecting a fluid is provided on the transparent plate.

In the above structure, the rock powder falling on the laser oscillator or the camera is blocked by the transparent plate and blown off by the fluid ejected from the nozzle. In this way, the bright line-clear image is always displayed on the monitor.

[0015]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings. FIG. 1 is a side view of a roller bit wear detector according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a front view thereof. In FIGS. 1 and 2, 11 is a roller bit, which is attached by brackets 13 and 13 to a cutter flat plate 12 rotated by a driving device (not shown).

Both ends of a fixed shaft 14 of the roller bit 11 are fixed to the brackets 13 and 13, and the fixed shaft 1
A hub 16 is rotatably fitted around the periphery of the bearing 4 via bearings 15, 15. Further, a step portion is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the hub 16, and the stop ring 18 fitted into the groove formed on the outer peripheral surface of the hub 16 and the step portion allow the central portion in the axial direction to project outward. The base metal 17 forming the top is detachably clamped. Then, a cemented carbide chip 19 is planted on the top of the base metal 17.
The structure of the roller bit 11 described above is basically the same as the structure of the conventional roller bit.

A hole 21 is formed in the cutter flat plate 12 at a position facing the carbide tip 19 of the roller bit 11,
A semiconductor laser 22 and a CCD (charge coupled device) camera 23 are installed in the hole 21. The semiconductor laser 22 irradiates the base metal 17 including the carbide tip 19 of the roller bit 11 with plane light. The extending direction of the plane light surface at that time is the direction of the fixed shaft 14 of the roller bit 11. Therefore, on the base metal 17, a bright line representing the contour of the cross section of the base metal 17 as shown by the curve c in FIG. 3 appears due to the reflected light from the portion irradiated with the plane light. This bright line is photographed by the CCD camera 23.

At that time, the position of the CCD camera 23 is vertical to the plane of the plane light from the semiconductor laser 22, and the direction of the optical axis is as close to 90 degrees as possible to the plane of the plane light. It is possible to accurately capture the contour of the cross section of the base metal 17.

The hole 21 for accommodating the semiconductor laser 22 and the CCD camera 23 is closed by a glass plate 24 to protect the semiconductor laser 22 and the CCD camera 23 from rock powder. Further, the glass plate 2 in the cutter flat plate 12
A nozzle 25 is installed in the vicinity of 4. The water sprayed from the nozzle 25 blows away the rock powder adhering to the surface of the glass plate 24, so that the glass plate 24 is kept transparent. The fluid ejected from the nozzle 25 is not limited to water and may be air.

As shown in FIG. 4, CC
The image of the bright line on the base metal 17 captured by the D camera 23 is input to the image processing unit 31, is binarized, and represents a contour of a cross section of the base metal 17 (hereinafter, referred to as a contour line). Image data is obtained. Based on the image data, the image display unit 32 superimposes the contour line b on the monitor 33 with the contour line a in the initial state and the contour line c representing the allowable wear range, as shown in FIG. Is played. On the other hand, the binary image data from the image processing unit 31 is also sent to the wear determination unit 34. Then, the wear determination unit 34 converts the current contour line into a coordinate sequence based on the image data, and the contour line representing the wear allowable range stored in the storage unit 35 in advance (contour line c in FIG. 3). Find the deviation from the coordinate sequence of. Then, the degree of deviation at a plurality of coordinates set in advance as reference points (hereinafter referred to as reference coordinates) is compared with an allowable deviation value set in advance for each of the reference coordinates, and the degree of deviation is When the number of coordinates exceeding the allowable value exceeds a predetermined number, it is determined that the wear of the roller bit 11 has reached the limit.

In this way, when the wear determining unit 34 determines that the wear of the roller bit 11 has reached the limit,
The wear determination unit 34 sends a message display signal to the image display unit 32, and causes the monitor 33 to display a message indicating that the wear of the roller bit 11 has reached the limit. At the same time, a lamp lighting signal is sent to the warning unit 36 to turn on the warning lamp 37. Then, after a predetermined time has elapsed, the wear determination unit 34 sends a buzzer signal to the warning unit 36 to drive the buzzer 38, and then sends a stop signal to the cutter flat plate driving device 39 to stop the cutter flat plate 12. Of.

As described above, in the present embodiment,
The base metal 17 including the cemented carbide chip 19 of the roller bit 11 is irradiated with plane light by the semiconductor laser 22, and a bright line representing a cross-sectional outline of the base metal 17 appearing on the base metal 17 is C.
The image is taken by the CD camera 23. Then, the bright line binary image data is obtained by the image processing unit 31, and based on the image data, the image display unit 32 causes the monitor 33 to display.
A contour line of the cross section of the base metal 17 is displayed on the base metal 17, and the wear determining unit 34 determines that the wear of the roller bit 11 has reached the limit based on the degree of deviation of the contour line from the allowable contour line. There is. Therefore, while excavating the tunnel, the wear state of the roller bit 11 can be automatically and accurately detected by the shape of the contour of the cross section of the base metal 17 and the value of the degree of wear. That is, according to the present embodiment,
Safely without interrupting tunnel excavation work, and
The wear of the roller bit 11 can be accurately detected.

The method of determining that the wear of the roller bit 11 has reached the limit by the wear determining section 34 and the subsequent processing based on the result of the determination by the wear determining section 34 are not limited to the above-described embodiment. Absent. Further, in the above-described embodiment, the bright line representing the contour of the cross section of the base metal 17 is obtained by the plane light emitted from the semiconductor laser 22. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the laser beam is applied to the fixed shaft 14 of the roller bit 11.
The bright line may be obtained by scanning at high speed in the direction. Further, in the above embodiment, the bright line appearing on the base metal 17 is photographed by the CCD camera 23, but the bright line may be directly photographed by the television camera and displayed on the monitor. Further, the semiconductor laser 22 and the CCD camera 23 do not need to be provided for all the roller bits 11, and may be provided only for the outer roller bits 11 that are heavily worn.

[0024]

As is apparent from the above, the roller bit wear detecting apparatus according to the first aspect of the present invention includes the laser oscillator provided in the concave portion provided in the roller bit mounting base.
Since the bright line representing the contour of the cross section that appears on the peripheral surface of the roller bit by the laser beam from the laser oscillator is photographed by the camera and displayed on the monitor, the specific cross section of the roller bit displayed on the monitor. The wear state of the roller bit can be detected based on the contour. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to accurately detect the wear state of the roller bit while excavating the tunnel.

Further, the laser oscillator in the wear detecting device for the roller bit according to the second aspect of the invention irradiates the roller bit with the extending direction of the plane of the radiated plane light as the axial direction of the roller bit. A bright line representing the contour of the cross section of the roller bit can be easily obtained.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a roller bit wear detecting device which comprises the laser oscillator and the camera.
Since the laser oscillator and the camera are installed in the outer peripheral region of the cutter plate, the installation place of the laser oscillator and the camera is limited to only the outer peripheral region of the cutter plate where the roller bit is easily worn, and unnecessary cost increase can be suppressed.

Further, in the wear detecting device for a roller bit of the invention according to a fourth aspect, since the concave portion in the roller bit mounting base is closed with the transparent plate and the fluid is jetted to the transparent plate by the fluid nozzle, the laser oscillator is provided. It is possible to remove rock dust that falls on the camera. Therefore, according to the present invention, the clear image of the bright line can be always displayed on the monitor.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of a roller bit wear detection device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view of the wear detecting device for the roller bit shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a view showing a contour line of a base metal of the roller bit in FIGS. 1 and 2.

4 is a block diagram of a processing device for an image obtained by the CCD camera in FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a TBM.

6 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the TBM shown in FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

11 ... Roller bit, 12 ... Cutter flat plate, 16 ... Hub, 17 ... Base metal,
18 ... Stop ring, 19 ... Carbide chip, 22 ... Semiconductor laser, 23 ... CCD
Camera, 24 ... Glass plate, 25 ... Nozzle, 31 ... Image processing section, 32 ... Image display section, 33 ... Monitor, 34 ... Wear determination section, 35 ... Storage section, 36 ...
Warning unit, 39 ... Cutter flat plate driving device.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A laser oscillator installed in a recess provided in a roller bit mounting base of a tunnel boring machine, and irradiating a peripheral surface of the roller bit including a cemented carbide chip in a radial direction of the roller bit. A roller equipped with a camera for photographing a bright line appearing on the peripheral surface of the roller bit by a laser beam from the laser oscillator, and a monitor for displaying an image of the bright line photographed by the camera. Bit wear detector. 2. The wear detecting device for a roller bit according to claim 1, wherein the laser oscillator emits plane light, and a direction in which a plane of the plane light extends extends in an axial direction of the roller bit. A roller bit wear detecting device characterized in that the bit is irradiated. 3. The wear detecting device for a roller bit according to claim 1, wherein the roller bit mounting base is a cutter plate, and the laser oscillator and the camera are installed in an outer peripheral region of the cutter plate. A roller bit wear detector characterized by: 4. The wear detecting device for a roller bit according to claim 1, further comprising: a transparent plate that closes a concave portion of the roller bit mounting base, and a fluid nozzle that ejects a fluid to the transparent plate. Roller bit wear detector.