JPH0929220A - Treatment method for discarded electric appliance - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable the precise separation into simple substances such as iron, non-ferrous base metals, noble metals, etc., and to facilitate raw material recovery and separation-purification by a melting furnace, etc. SOLUTION: Discarded electric appliances are crushed by a shredder into chips of about 10mm and not more than 50mm in size (crushing process 1). Next, the chips are classified by a magnetic separator into iron type waste and non-ferrous waste (magnetic separation process 3) and separated by a screen (screening process 4). In this way, the non-ferrous waste separated by the magnetic separation process 3 is separated by the screening process 4 into dust and others, materializing the improvement in the raw material recovery rate and the classification.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a waste treatment method, and more particularly to a waste treatment method for efficiently recovering and treating the wastes of electric equipment containing ferrous and non-ferrous base metals and precious metals.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The so-called municipal wastes other than the wastes specified as industrial wastes are liable to local governments such as municipalities for their disposal, and the general municipalities are obliged to collect them. Of the waste, combustible,
So-called combustible waste is usually incinerated at a waste incineration plant. Also, so-called coarse dust having a relatively large volume is crushed by a crusher and then sorted, and combustibles are incinerated in the same manner as the above-mentioned combustible waste. Furthermore, the sorted incombustibles are separated into so-called resource garbage, which is intended to be reused as a resource, and non-resource garbage that cannot be reused as a resource, and the former is, of course, reused as a resource, The latter will be discarded at the final disposal site as incombustible waste that cannot be incinerated.

By the way, electric motors, switchboards, and so-called OA devices including copy machines, personal computers, etc. (hereinafter collectively referred to as "electrical devices, etc.") that are not obliged to be collected by local governments are downsized. However, as a result, various materials have been used in combination in today's products. On the other hand, it is becoming very difficult to recycle the respective materials of these electric devices and the like after they are discarded (hereinafter referred to as “electric device waste”).

Conventionally, in the processing of such electric waste equipment,
Relatively valuable substrates, such as those containing gold or silver, were separated by dismantling and processed along the resource recovery route. The number of cases to be disposed of is increasing. In addition, conventional shredders such as car shredders are suitable for large-scale processing, but the size of the crushed product is relatively large (usually 50 to 150 mm), so there are many unrecovered metal resources. was there.

[0005]

That is, in the treatment of discarded electric equipment and the like according to the above-mentioned conventional technique, generally, a crushing treatment by a shredder for the main purpose of recovering iron is carried out. , Iron and some recoverable non-ferrous metals are only recycled, and most of them are finally disposed of. This is a concern from the viewpoint of resource conservation and environmental pollution due to harmful metals contained in the final waste. Further, in recent years, aluminum or plastics has been widely used in place of iron as a structural material for achieving miniaturization and weight reduction of such electric devices, and these are crushed by a conventional shredder. It is impossible to improve the separability of iron, aluminum, plastics and non-ferrous metals only by treating them, and recycling of the respective materials has become extremely difficult.

In view of the above problems in the prior art, the present invention finely separates metal and plastic, further iron and non-ferrous base metals and noble metals, and then separates them, particularly in the treatment of the above electric equipment. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for treating electric equipment waste that facilitates material recycling.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, a step of crushing electric equipment waste by a shredder, and a method of magnetically crushing the electric equipment waste crushed in the crushing step It comprises a step of separating the iron-based waste and the non-ferrous waste by a sorter, and a step of separating the waste separated into the non-ferrous waste in the separating step by a sieve, and further by the separation step by the sieve. There has been proposed a method for treating electric equipment waste, characterized in that the non-ferrous waste separated in the separating step is separated into fine dust-like waste and other fine dust-like waste.

[0008]

According to the above-described method for treating electric equipment waste proposed by the present invention, aluminum or plastics has been widely used instead of iron as a structural material in order to achieve size reduction and weight reduction. These electric equipment wastes are once shredded with a shredder, and then separated by a magnetic separator into ferrous waste and non-ferrous waste. Due to
Separation of dust and non-dust materials to separate iron, aluminum, plastics and non-ferrous metals including precious metals, and to improve its purity and separability in the next process. Is.

[0009]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 1 shows an overall system diagram of a treatment including a method for treating electric equipment waste according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure, the electrical equipment waste collected and accumulated is first crushed by a shredder (crushing step 1). According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention,
At this time, the electric equipment waste to be crushed is finer than the chips to be crushed by a conventional shredder, for example,
It is preferable to crush it into chips of about 50 mm or less and about 10 mm. Further, the fine dust generated during the crushing is guided to the dust collector and captured by the filter (dust collecting step 2), whereby a small amount of precious metal (Au, Ag,
Dust containing Pt, etc.) is recovered and then melted in a non-ferrous melting furnace to obtain a noble metal.

The chips of the electric equipment waste crushed in the above-mentioned step 1 are then subjected to ferrous waste and non-ferrous waste by a device called a magnetic force sorter for separating ferrous metals using magnetism. Items are sorted (magnetic force sorting step 3). The iron-based waste sorted in this step 3 is further passed through, for example, a vibration sieve or a wind sieve to be sorted into chips and dust, and then recovered as iron and melted in an electric furnace or the like. And get iron. The step of sieving with a vibrating screen or a wind screen is not always necessary, and this step can be omitted.

Crushed in the above step 1, and further,
The electric device waste separated into the ferrous waste and the non-ferrous waste in the above step 2 is subsequently subjected to a sieving step (sieving step 4). In the sieving step 4, for example, a vibrating screen that performs sieving by using vibration, or a wind screen that separates fine dust and other dust by wind is used.
As a result of this sieving step 4, for example, when using a vibrating screen, chips containing non-ferrous base metals such as aluminum, which is a relatively light metal, and plastics remain on the upper side, while a small amount of precious metal exists on the lower side. Dust containing will be collected.

After that, the chips on the upper side of the screen and the dust on the lower side of the screen are respectively recovered and melted in a melting furnace or the like, regenerated as noble metals or base metals as their respective components, and reused. Become. In particular, when treating electric equipment waste such as electric motors, switchboards, and OA equipment such as copying machines and personal computers, such as so-called electric equipment, by reducing the size of the pulverized material compared to the conventional one,
The purity of various metals recovered is increased. In other words, compared with the conventional treatment method in which the size of the pulverized material is relatively large and there are many unrecovered metal resources, the present method increases the purity of the recovered iron and The light metals, non-ferrous metals and precious metals can be easily collected.

[0014]

As described in detail above, according to the present invention, particularly when treating electric equipment waste such as electric motors, switchboards, and so-called electric equipment including OA equipment such as copying machines and personal computers, It is possible to improve the purity of iron, aluminum, plastics, and non-ferrous metals and the separability in the next process.
Since they are aggregated in terms of properties, there is an advantage that the purity of recovered various metals and the like becomes high. Therefore, it is possible to recycle and recover not only ferrous metals but also non-ferrous metal materials without much final disposal as in the past, which means from the viewpoint of resource conservation and environmental pollution caused by final waste. It also produces favorable results in terms of environmental damage.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a waste treatment system including an electric equipment waste treatment method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Crushing process 2 Dust collection process 3 Magnetic force selection process 4 Sieving process

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A step of crushing electric equipment waste by a shredder, a step of separating the electric equipment waste crushed in the crushing step into a ferrous waste and a non-ferrous waste by a magnetic separator, and the separation. A step of separating the waste separated into non-ferrous waste by a screen with a sieve, and further, by the separation step with the sieve, the non-ferrous waste separated in the separation step is fine dust-like and A method for treating waste electrical equipment, characterized in that it is separated into other than. 2. The method for treating electric equipment waste according to claim 1, wherein in the step of crushing with the shredder, electric equipment waste is crushed into chips of about 50 mm or less and about 10 mm. Equipment waste disposal method.